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From Pathology to Population: Managing Homelessness in the United States

Craig Willse

in The Value of Homelessness: Managing Surplus Life in the United States

Chapter Three moves to an historical analysis of the role of the federal government in homeless management, tracing two moments of federal intervention, during the early New Deal of the 1930s and ... More

Chapter Three moves to an historical analysis of the role of the federal government in homeless management, tracing two moments of federal intervention, during the early New Deal of the 1930s and then in the mid-1980s. The chapter argues that different forms of federal intervention in those two eras point to a shift of understanding homelessness as a crisis of labor in the former to one of consumption in the latter. The introduction of federal oversight in 1987 produces metagovernance, or the governance of governance, as subnational states and cities must shape their local responses to new federal funding requirements.Less

Emergency Rule without a Sovereign

Signe Rehling Larsen

in The Constitutional Theory of the Federation and the European Union

This chapter is about constitutional defence and emergency politics in the federation. It shows that the government of the Eurozone crisis is a manifestation of federal emergency politics. This ... More

This chapter is about constitutional defence and emergency politics in the federation. It shows that the government of the Eurozone crisis is a manifestation of federal emergency politics. This explains why the dominant theories of the ‘state of exception’, modelled on the political form of the state, do not apply to the EU. The chapter first develops a theory of federal constitutional defence based on the theory and praxis of the antebellum United States (the doctrine of states’ rights) and the nineteenth-century German Confederation (the theory of federal execution and federal intervention). On this basis, the chapter then analyses both ‘Euro-crisis law’ and the contestation of the emergency government of the Eurozone crisis by EU Member States, importantly the Gauweiler and Weiss cases. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the precariousness of federal emergency politics in general and the balance struck with the ‘Greek crisis’ in particular.Less

Black Advancement and Federal Intervention

Robert E. Luckett

in Joe T. Patterson and the White South's Dilemma: Evolving Resistance to Black Advancement

This chapter examines Joe T. Patterson's advocacy of racist principles to thwart black advancement and federal intervention. By 1960, the modern civil rights movement was gaining momentum as ... More

This chapter examines Joe T. Patterson's advocacy of racist principles to thwart black advancement and federal intervention. By 1960, the modern civil rights movement was gaining momentum as activists and their organizations made better organized and more sustained efforts to lift up African Americans and challenge their second-class status in the South. Over the next two years, Patterson and white southerners everywhere witnessed some of the most sustained direct action protests in American history, including the looming sit-ins and the Freedom Rides. This chapter first considers Patterson's opposition to the funding of the Sovereignty Commission's publicity campaign called Citizens' Council Forum, along with his efforts to defund the Citizens' Council. It then discusses Patterson's criticism of the US Department of Justice for defending the civil rights movement and the case Bailey v. Patterson filed by Sam Bailey against him and the state of Mississippi over the continued enforcement of segregation on interstate buses. It also explores Patterson's stand on the issue of voting rights for African Americans in Mississippi.Less

Mortgage Markets: The United States

Eric S. Belsky

in Public Real Estate Markets and Investments

This chapter examines the evolution of the structure, conduct, and performance of mortgage markets in the United States. It traces federal interventions in the mortgage markets from the 1930s to the ... More

This chapter examines the evolution of the structure, conduct, and performance of mortgage markets in the United States. It traces federal interventions in the mortgage markets from the 1930s to the present. These interventions dramatically shaped mortgage markets. The failure of regulators to contain private risk taking in mortgage markets during the 2000s led to excessive leverage and risk. The financial crisis that ensued prompted the federal government to bailout the housing finance system. The chapter concludes with a set of issues raised by the near collapse of mortgage markets. These issues include how to: (1) regulate originators, securitizers and rating agencies; (2) protect claim hierarchies in first and second mortgages to allow debt restructuring, (3) construct pooling and servicing agreements; (4) regulate credit default swaps (CDS) so that sellers are monitored to ensure they have the capital to honor their commitments; and (5) provide adequate disclosures and protection against interest rate risk as markets soak up low-yielding debt obligations.Less

Everyday Resistance in Pennsylvania's Deserter Country

Robert M. Sandow

in Deserter Country: Civil War Opposition in the Pennsylvania Appalachians

Supporters of the war testified repeatedly that their property had been threatened with destruction to keep them quiet. While it cannot be proven conclusively, there are intriguing clues that this ... More

Supporters of the war testified repeatedly that their property had been threatened with destruction to keep them quiet. While it cannot be proven conclusively, there are intriguing clues that this was attempted in several cases. The marshal of the Nineteenth District considered the use of federal intervention to be “the unanimous sentiment of the loyal inhabitants of this County.” Colonel Hugh S. Campbell could not induce citizens to help arrest deserters and he could not accomplish his objective with so few deputies and detectives. If the “reign of terror” were to end, it would have to be accomplished by the use of military force.Less

Places of Their Own: An African American Suburban Dream

in Places of Their Own: African American Suburbanization in the Twentieth Century

Rapid white suburbanization after World War II led to the extension of land-use controls to formerly unregulated areas. Zoning and building ordinances curtailed informal home building and raised the ... More

Rapid white suburbanization after World War II led to the extension of land-use controls to formerly unregulated areas. Zoning and building ordinances curtailed informal home building and raised the price of a suburban home for working-class and poor families. A number of suburbs also resorted to urban renewal as a means of isolating, or even expelling, suburban black communities. At the same time, federal intervention in the housing market and the development of a welfare state eased some of the economic insecurity that had shaped early working-class suburbanization. The extension of social security and unemployment insurance to a growing number of black workers as well as black entrance into unions in 1940 promised the kinds of economic security that suburban home ownership had provided before the war. Early suburbanites shared a common displeasure with the quality of life in many city neighborhoods.Less