Kylie Richardson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199291960
- eISBN:
- 9780191710551
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199291960.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter summarizes the main syntactic claims in the book, namely that the accusative case is linked to the status of ν as [quantized] (a feature which signals that the event structure of a ...
More
This chapter summarizes the main syntactic claims in the book, namely that the accusative case is linked to the status of ν as [quantized] (a feature which signals that the event structure of a ‘base’ verb is compositional), and the instrumental case on a predicate in East Slavic is the morphological manifestation of a [+bounded] aspectual phrase in the syntax.Less
This chapter summarizes the main syntactic claims in the book, namely that the accusative case is linked to the status of ν as [quantized] (a feature which signals that the event structure of a ‘base’ verb is compositional), and the instrumental case on a predicate in East Slavic is the morphological manifestation of a [+bounded] aspectual phrase in the syntax.
Ronald K. S. Macaulay
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195173819
- eISBN:
- 9780199788361
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173819.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This work is a sociolinguistic study employing quantitative methods to explore age, gender, and social class differences in the use of a range of discourse features. It is based on a gender-balanced ...
More
This work is a sociolinguistic study employing quantitative methods to explore age, gender, and social class differences in the use of a range of discourse features. It is based on a gender-balanced sample of middle-class and working-class adolescents and adults, recorded under the same conditions in Glasgow, Scotland. Unlike studies of phonetic or morphological variation, the study of discourse variation requires samples of talk in action with speakers interacting with one another. The speakers, who knew each other, were recorded talking in the presence of the tape-recorder for approximately half an hour without the investigator being present. The recordings were transcribed in their totality and the transcripts searched for the occurrence of features such as the use of pronouns, adverbs, you know, I mean, as well as grammatical features such as questions and passive voice. The frequencies of use of the variables by the different social groups (e.g., middle-class women, adolescent boys) were calibrated and the results compared. Differences between adults and adolescents provided the greatest number of statistically significant results, followed by differences between males and females. The smallest number of statistically significant differences were related to social class. Qualitative analysis, however, revealed important social class differences in discourse styles. The study shows the danger of generalizing about social class or gender on the basis of a limited sample of a few discourse features.Less
This work is a sociolinguistic study employing quantitative methods to explore age, gender, and social class differences in the use of a range of discourse features. It is based on a gender-balanced sample of middle-class and working-class adolescents and adults, recorded under the same conditions in Glasgow, Scotland. Unlike studies of phonetic or morphological variation, the study of discourse variation requires samples of talk in action with speakers interacting with one another. The speakers, who knew each other, were recorded talking in the presence of the tape-recorder for approximately half an hour without the investigator being present. The recordings were transcribed in their totality and the transcripts searched for the occurrence of features such as the use of pronouns, adverbs, you know, I mean, as well as grammatical features such as questions and passive voice. The frequencies of use of the variables by the different social groups (e.g., middle-class women, adolescent boys) were calibrated and the results compared. Differences between adults and adolescents provided the greatest number of statistically significant results, followed by differences between males and females. The smallest number of statistically significant differences were related to social class. Qualitative analysis, however, revealed important social class differences in discourse styles. The study shows the danger of generalizing about social class or gender on the basis of a limited sample of a few discourse features.
Ronald K. S. Macaulay
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195173819
- eISBN:
- 9780199788361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173819.003.0015
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter sums up the methodology used in the investigation and presents some principles for the study of variations in the use of discourse features. Items should be collected on the basis of ...
More
This chapter sums up the methodology used in the investigation and presents some principles for the study of variations in the use of discourse features. Items should be collected on the basis of forms rather than meaning or function. Raw scores should be provided. Discourse features should be treated as unitary phenomena where possible.Less
This chapter sums up the methodology used in the investigation and presents some principles for the study of variations in the use of discourse features. Items should be collected on the basis of forms rather than meaning or function. Raw scores should be provided. Discourse features should be treated as unitary phenomena where possible.
Anna Wierzbicka
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195137330
- eISBN:
- 9780199867905
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195137337.003.0024
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This chapter emphasizes the originality of Jesus’ ethical teaching, obscured by the use of complex analytical terms (such as nonviolence, nonretaliation, compassion, kindness, tolerance, hypocrisy, ...
More
This chapter emphasizes the originality of Jesus’ ethical teaching, obscured by the use of complex analytical terms (such as nonviolence, nonretaliation, compassion, kindness, tolerance, hypocrisy, anger, etc.) and brought to light by the use of more fine‐grained analytical tools such as GOOD and BAD KNOW, THINK, and WANT, and the other simple and universal human concepts. It shows that the apparent parallels in earlier religious lore – Jewish, Greco‐Roman, Hindu, Confucian, Buddhist, and so on – are often illusory and conceal profound conceptual differences. It argues that the vital matters of Christian‐Jewish dialogue are not well served by attempts to play down the distinctive features of Jesus’ teaching. It concurs with the fourth‐century Syrian biblical scholar, St. Efrem, who affirmed the “the smallest words of Christ contain immense treasures,” and it claims that the depth and originality of Jesus’ ethical teaching can be better revealed by means of simple and universal human concepts, than by the use of the technical language of traditional theology and exegesis.Less
This chapter emphasizes the originality of Jesus’ ethical teaching, obscured by the use of complex analytical terms (such as nonviolence, nonretaliation, compassion, kindness, tolerance, hypocrisy, anger, etc.) and brought to light by the use of more fine‐grained analytical tools such as GOOD and BAD KNOW, THINK, and WANT, and the other simple and universal human concepts. It shows that the apparent parallels in earlier religious lore – Jewish, Greco‐Roman, Hindu, Confucian, Buddhist, and so on – are often illusory and conceal profound conceptual differences. It argues that the vital matters of Christian‐Jewish dialogue are not well served by attempts to play down the distinctive features of Jesus’ teaching. It concurs with the fourth‐century Syrian biblical scholar, St. Efrem, who affirmed the “the smallest words of Christ contain immense treasures,” and it claims that the depth and originality of Jesus’ ethical teaching can be better revealed by means of simple and universal human concepts, than by the use of the technical language of traditional theology and exegesis.
David Robey
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198184980
- eISBN:
- 9780191674419
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198184980.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
The importance of sound in poetry is indisputable, yet it is not at all an easy subject to discuss, and is rarely treated systematically by literary scholars. This book uses a variety of ...
More
The importance of sound in poetry is indisputable, yet it is not at all an easy subject to discuss, and is rarely treated systematically by literary scholars. This book uses a variety of computer-based processes to construct a systematic analytical description of the sounds of Dante's Divine Comedy in the sense of their overall distribution within the text. The description is developed through a comparative treatment of the same features in a range of related texts, with a view to defining the distinctive characteristics of Dante's practice; and by a discussion of the function and effect of sounds in the work, with special attention to unusually high incidences of particular features. The book is thus both a contribution to the scholarly debate about Dante's poem, and an illustration and discussion of the ways in which new electronic technology can be used for this kind of purpose.Less
The importance of sound in poetry is indisputable, yet it is not at all an easy subject to discuss, and is rarely treated systematically by literary scholars. This book uses a variety of computer-based processes to construct a systematic analytical description of the sounds of Dante's Divine Comedy in the sense of their overall distribution within the text. The description is developed through a comparative treatment of the same features in a range of related texts, with a view to defining the distinctive characteristics of Dante's practice; and by a discussion of the function and effect of sounds in the work, with special attention to unusually high incidences of particular features. The book is thus both a contribution to the scholarly debate about Dante's poem, and an illustration and discussion of the ways in which new electronic technology can be used for this kind of purpose.
Jennifer Hay and Margaret A. Maclagan
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748625291
- eISBN:
- 9780748651542
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748625291.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, English Language
This book is a description of English as it is spoken in New Zealand. New Zealand English (NZE) is one of the youngest native-speaker varieties of English, and is the only variety of English where ...
More
This book is a description of English as it is spoken in New Zealand. New Zealand English (NZE) is one of the youngest native-speaker varieties of English, and is the only variety of English where there is recorded evidence of its entire history. It shares some features with other Southern Hemisphere varieties of English such as Australian English and South African English, but is also clearly distinct from these. For the past two decades, extensive research has focused on the evolution and ongoing development of the variety. The book presents the results of this research in an accessible way. It includes: an account of the phonetic, phonological, morphosyntactic, lexical, and discourse features that are characteristic of the dialect; a discussion of the historical development of NZE; a description of the current social and regional variation within the variety; an indication of the areas where change is currently occurring; and sample texts and an annotated bibliography of relevant literature. There are also several associated audio files, which provide examples of many of the phenomena discussed, at http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/dialects/.Less
This book is a description of English as it is spoken in New Zealand. New Zealand English (NZE) is one of the youngest native-speaker varieties of English, and is the only variety of English where there is recorded evidence of its entire history. It shares some features with other Southern Hemisphere varieties of English such as Australian English and South African English, but is also clearly distinct from these. For the past two decades, extensive research has focused on the evolution and ongoing development of the variety. The book presents the results of this research in an accessible way. It includes: an account of the phonetic, phonological, morphosyntactic, lexical, and discourse features that are characteristic of the dialect; a discussion of the historical development of NZE; a description of the current social and regional variation within the variety; an indication of the areas where change is currently occurring; and sample texts and an annotated bibliography of relevant literature. There are also several associated audio files, which provide examples of many of the phenomena discussed, at http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/dialects/.
Dov-Ber Kerler
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198151661
- eISBN:
- 9780191672798
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198151661.003.0022
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
This chapter talks about archaic features, which were seen in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. These features may be referred to as formal or elevated. Some of them are the ...
More
This chapter talks about archaic features, which were seen in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. These features may be referred to as formal or elevated. Some of them are the following: the reluctance to use a number of etymologically transparent lexical terms of Slavonic origin; maintaining the old conjunction that instead of, or added to, az; avoiding double negation; and the placement of the clause-final of the past principle and with a minor degree of infinitives. These archaic features allow the writings to preserve the original and traditional forms of old Yiddish literature, and to some level still root the modern literature back to its origins. Further analysis of these revisions, particularly those of the late nineteenth century, is seen in the later chapters.Less
This chapter talks about archaic features, which were seen in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. These features may be referred to as formal or elevated. Some of them are the following: the reluctance to use a number of etymologically transparent lexical terms of Slavonic origin; maintaining the old conjunction that instead of, or added to, az; avoiding double negation; and the placement of the clause-final of the past principle and with a minor degree of infinitives. These archaic features allow the writings to preserve the original and traditional forms of old Yiddish literature, and to some level still root the modern literature back to its origins. Further analysis of these revisions, particularly those of the late nineteenth century, is seen in the later chapters.
Anthony Kenny
- Published in print:
- 1978
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198245544
- eISBN:
- 9780191680878
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198245544.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This book is an attempt to solve a long-standing problem of Aristotelian scholarship on the basis of historical and philosophical arguments and a statistical study of features of style. It presents a ...
More
This book is an attempt to solve a long-standing problem of Aristotelian scholarship on the basis of historical and philosophical arguments and a statistical study of features of style. It presents a detailed study of the relationship between the Eudemian and Nichomachean Ethics of Aristotle. The book provides a synthesis of three disciplines: philosophy, classical studies, and statistics.Less
This book is an attempt to solve a long-standing problem of Aristotelian scholarship on the basis of historical and philosophical arguments and a statistical study of features of style. It presents a detailed study of the relationship between the Eudemian and Nichomachean Ethics of Aristotle. The book provides a synthesis of three disciplines: philosophy, classical studies, and statistics.
Greville G. Corbett
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199577743
- eISBN:
- 9780191722844
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577743.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Semantics and Pragmatics, Syntax and Morphology
Features are standard currency in linguistics; they allow generalizations in syntax, and equally in morphology. Yet while features are heavily used, they are often taken for granted. It is therefore ...
More
Features are standard currency in linguistics; they allow generalizations in syntax, and equally in morphology. Yet while features are heavily used, they are often taken for granted. It is therefore worth considering: the use of features (their logic, their place in different components), the substantive semantics of features, and the inventory of features.Less
Features are standard currency in linguistics; they allow generalizations in syntax, and equally in morphology. Yet while features are heavily used, they are often taken for granted. It is therefore worth considering: the use of features (their logic, their place in different components), the substantive semantics of features, and the inventory of features.
Bernard Gert, Charles M. Culver, and K. Danner Clouser
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195159066
- eISBN:
- 9780199786466
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195159063.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter distinguishes between morality, the informal public system that people use when making moral decisions, and a moral theory, which provides an explanation and justification of morality. ...
More
This chapter distinguishes between morality, the informal public system that people use when making moral decisions, and a moral theory, which provides an explanation and justification of morality. It presents some examples of mistaken accounts of morality, shows the relation between morality and rationality, and provides an account of impartiality. It gives an account of moral rules and moral ideals, and of the morally relevant features that are used when justifying a violation of a moral rule.Less
This chapter distinguishes between morality, the informal public system that people use when making moral decisions, and a moral theory, which provides an explanation and justification of morality. It presents some examples of mistaken accounts of morality, shows the relation between morality and rationality, and provides an account of impartiality. It gives an account of moral rules and moral ideals, and of the morally relevant features that are used when justifying a violation of a moral rule.
Anna Kibort and Greville G. Corbett
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199577743
- eISBN:
- 9780191722844
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577743.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Semantics and Pragmatics, Syntax and Morphology
We need to bring together research into the diverse content of features in the world's languages with the discussion of their formal properties, and look for insights across sub‐discipline ...
More
We need to bring together research into the diverse content of features in the world's languages with the discussion of their formal properties, and look for insights across sub‐discipline boundaries. This chapter offers summaries of all contributions and highlights areas of common ground between the different approaches. The selected perspectives represent major areas of linguistics where features are used.Less
We need to bring together research into the diverse content of features in the world's languages with the discussion of their formal properties, and look for insights across sub‐discipline boundaries. This chapter offers summaries of all contributions and highlights areas of common ground between the different approaches. The selected perspectives represent major areas of linguistics where features are used.
Anna Kibort
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199577743
- eISBN:
- 9780191722844
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577743.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Semantics and Pragmatics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter offers a typology of features which express meanings or functions correlating with different forms of inflected words. Morphosyntactic, morphosemantic, and purely morphological features ...
More
This chapter offers a typology of features which express meanings or functions correlating with different forms of inflected words. Morphosyntactic, morphosemantic, and purely morphological features are distinguished on the basis of their available realization options. It is suggested that the tense‐aspect‐mood‐polarity affixes of Kayardild (Tangkic) realize morphosemantic features.Less
This chapter offers a typology of features which express meanings or functions correlating with different forms of inflected words. Morphosyntactic, morphosemantic, and purely morphological features are distinguished on the basis of their available realization options. It is suggested that the tense‐aspect‐mood‐polarity affixes of Kayardild (Tangkic) realize morphosemantic features.
Anna Kibort and Greville G. Corbett (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199577743
- eISBN:
- 9780191722844
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577743.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Semantics and Pragmatics, Syntax and Morphology
This book presents a critical overview of current work on linguistic features and establishes new bases for their use in the study and understanding of language. Features are fundamental components ...
More
This book presents a critical overview of current work on linguistic features and establishes new bases for their use in the study and understanding of language. Features are fundamental components of linguistic description: they include gender (feminine, masculine, neuter); number (singular, plural, dual); person (1st, 2nd, 3rd); tense (present, past, future); and case (nominative, accusative, genitive, ergative). Despite their ubiquity and centrality in linguistic description, much remains to be discovered about them: there is, for example, no readily available inventory showing which features are found in which of the world's languages; there is no consensus about how they operate across different components of language; and there is no certainty about how they interact. This book seeks both to highlight and to tackle these problems. It brings together perspectives from phonology to formal syntax and semantics, expounding the use of linguistic features in typology, computer applications, and logic. Linguists representing different standpoints spell out clearly the assumptions they bring to different kinds of features and describe how they use them. Their contrasting contributions highlight the areas of difference and the common ground between their perspectives. The book brings together original work by leading international scholars. It will appeal to linguists of all theoretical persuasions.Less
This book presents a critical overview of current work on linguistic features and establishes new bases for their use in the study and understanding of language. Features are fundamental components of linguistic description: they include gender (feminine, masculine, neuter); number (singular, plural, dual); person (1st, 2nd, 3rd); tense (present, past, future); and case (nominative, accusative, genitive, ergative). Despite their ubiquity and centrality in linguistic description, much remains to be discovered about them: there is, for example, no readily available inventory showing which features are found in which of the world's languages; there is no consensus about how they operate across different components of language; and there is no certainty about how they interact. This book seeks both to highlight and to tackle these problems. It brings together perspectives from phonology to formal syntax and semantics, expounding the use of linguistic features in typology, computer applications, and logic. Linguists representing different standpoints spell out clearly the assumptions they bring to different kinds of features and describe how they use them. Their contrasting contributions highlight the areas of difference and the common ground between their perspectives. The book brings together original work by leading international scholars. It will appeal to linguists of all theoretical persuasions.
Benjamin Gidron, Stanley N. Katz, and Yeheskel Hasenfeld
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195125924
- eISBN:
- 9780199833894
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195125924.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Despite employing a variety of strategies to maintain white supremacy, the South African government could not prevent the rise of a black resistance movement or of predominantly white nongovernmental ...
More
Despite employing a variety of strategies to maintain white supremacy, the South African government could not prevent the rise of a black resistance movement or of predominantly white nongovernmental organizations that opposed apartheid. Such challenges to apartheid, economic difficulties, international pressure, and behind‐the‐scenes negotiations led to regime change and democratic elections in 1994. In Northern Ireland, Catholic–Protestant antagonism has roots in many centuries of English colonialism, aggravated by mutual distrust and segregation, limited citizen control over government, intermittent economic stagnation, and sectarian prejudices, but only in the late 1960s did violence become a part of everyday life. Although bloodshed continued, progress toward a solution began in the 1980s and continued into the 1990s. When Israel was founded in 1948, Arab–Jewish hostility already existed, and grew in the following decades, which saw five wars between Israel and Arab states, as well as political organizations, sometimes leading to violence, by Palestinian Arabs living. Domestic pressure for reform in the late 1970s and intense Palestinian resistance in the late 1980s forced Israel to make concessions to the Palestinians, although prospects for peace remained bleak. All three conflicts shared features: disputes over land; forced settlements; ethnonational divisions; and the intersection of class and race.Less
Despite employing a variety of strategies to maintain white supremacy, the South African government could not prevent the rise of a black resistance movement or of predominantly white nongovernmental organizations that opposed apartheid. Such challenges to apartheid, economic difficulties, international pressure, and behind‐the‐scenes negotiations led to regime change and democratic elections in 1994. In Northern Ireland, Catholic–Protestant antagonism has roots in many centuries of English colonialism, aggravated by mutual distrust and segregation, limited citizen control over government, intermittent economic stagnation, and sectarian prejudices, but only in the late 1960s did violence become a part of everyday life. Although bloodshed continued, progress toward a solution began in the 1980s and continued into the 1990s. When Israel was founded in 1948, Arab–Jewish hostility already existed, and grew in the following decades, which saw five wars between Israel and Arab states, as well as political organizations, sometimes leading to violence, by Palestinian Arabs living. Domestic pressure for reform in the late 1970s and intense Palestinian resistance in the late 1980s forced Israel to make concessions to the Palestinians, although prospects for peace remained bleak. All three conflicts shared features: disputes over land; forced settlements; ethnonational divisions; and the intersection of class and race.
Marina Chumakina and Greville Corbett (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265253
- eISBN:
- 9780191760419
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265253.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
Periphrasis is the phenomenon, well attested in the languages of the world, where a grammatical meaning which we expect to be expressed within a word actually has a syntactic expression. This means ...
More
Periphrasis is the phenomenon, well attested in the languages of the world, where a grammatical meaning which we expect to be expressed within a word actually has a syntactic expression. This means that periphrasis straddles the border between two major linguistic components, morphology (word structure) and syntax (sentence structure). This dual nature of periphrasis creates analytical and theoretical problems; to solve these, we need to broaden the range of the evidence examined and to adopt new theoretical approaches. The present volume answers both of these challenges. First, it presents new data on periphrasis, providing a wider typological perspective on the phenomenon than was previously available. The detailed analysis of periphrasis in individual languages from diverse linguistic families — Nakh-Daghestanian, Gunwinyguan (Australian), Uralic and Indo-European — expands our knowledge of the scope of periphrasis, and of its functions, both synchronically and diachronically. Second, the volume presents novel accounts of periphrasis from a number of theoretical approaches, including Canonical Typology, which together give a new perspective on the interaction of periphrasis with other linguistic phenomena. Periphrasis is demonstrated to behave as part of a morphological system in obeying the existing patterns, while formal accounts worked out within an HPSG approach reveal the systematic nature of its syntactic structure. This allows a clearer understanding of the relation between major components (morphology and syntax) in the overall architecture of the grammar.Less
Periphrasis is the phenomenon, well attested in the languages of the world, where a grammatical meaning which we expect to be expressed within a word actually has a syntactic expression. This means that periphrasis straddles the border between two major linguistic components, morphology (word structure) and syntax (sentence structure). This dual nature of periphrasis creates analytical and theoretical problems; to solve these, we need to broaden the range of the evidence examined and to adopt new theoretical approaches. The present volume answers both of these challenges. First, it presents new data on periphrasis, providing a wider typological perspective on the phenomenon than was previously available. The detailed analysis of periphrasis in individual languages from diverse linguistic families — Nakh-Daghestanian, Gunwinyguan (Australian), Uralic and Indo-European — expands our knowledge of the scope of periphrasis, and of its functions, both synchronically and diachronically. Second, the volume presents novel accounts of periphrasis from a number of theoretical approaches, including Canonical Typology, which together give a new perspective on the interaction of periphrasis with other linguistic phenomena. Periphrasis is demonstrated to behave as part of a morphological system in obeying the existing patterns, while formal accounts worked out within an HPSG approach reveal the systematic nature of its syntactic structure. This allows a clearer understanding of the relation between major components (morphology and syntax) in the overall architecture of the grammar.
Greville G. Corbett
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265253
- eISBN:
- 9780191760419
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265253.003.0007
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
Periphrasis can be investigated for the ways in which it splits the paradigms of lexemes (into periphrastic and non-periphrastic parts); this is done in the context of other morphological phenomena ...
More
Periphrasis can be investigated for the ways in which it splits the paradigms of lexemes (into periphrastic and non-periphrastic parts); this is done in the context of other morphological phenomena which also split paradigms. This chapter proposes a typology of splits. First, the splits can be motivated ‘externally’, for example by different morphosyntactic or morphosemantic features, as in Russian where verbs are split by periphrasis and by stem alternation in line with tense differentiation. Alternatively, splits may follow a division internal to morphology (morphomic); we find this in a Romanian dialect example, where periphrastic forms do not make a coherent morphosyntactic group, but follow an already existing pattern of stem alternation. All this demonstrates that periphrasis splits lexemes in the same ways as other morphological phenomena, such as suppletion, stem alternation, and heteroclisis. It points to the conclusion that the periphrastic part of the paradigm may not be homogeneous, and the splits induced by periphrasis are comparable to other morphological splits.Less
Periphrasis can be investigated for the ways in which it splits the paradigms of lexemes (into periphrastic and non-periphrastic parts); this is done in the context of other morphological phenomena which also split paradigms. This chapter proposes a typology of splits. First, the splits can be motivated ‘externally’, for example by different morphosyntactic or morphosemantic features, as in Russian where verbs are split by periphrasis and by stem alternation in line with tense differentiation. Alternatively, splits may follow a division internal to morphology (morphomic); we find this in a Romanian dialect example, where periphrastic forms do not make a coherent morphosyntactic group, but follow an already existing pattern of stem alternation. All this demonstrates that periphrasis splits lexemes in the same ways as other morphological phenomena, such as suppletion, stem alternation, and heteroclisis. It points to the conclusion that the periphrastic part of the paradigm may not be homogeneous, and the splits induced by periphrasis are comparable to other morphological splits.
Gergana Popova and Andrew Spencer
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265253
- eISBN:
- 9780191760419
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265253.003.0008
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
Bulgarian has several relevant verbal constructions, and this chapter concentrates on those where one instance of periphrasis is embedded within another. For example, the (periphrastic) future ...
More
Bulgarian has several relevant verbal constructions, and this chapter concentrates on those where one instance of periphrasis is embedded within another. For example, the (periphrastic) future perfect has a periphrastic form of the verb ‘be’ as one component, giving a construction with embedded periphrasis. The formal account proposed for these nested constructions combines a realizational approach to morphology with a lexical non-transformational framework for syntax. While periphrasis constitutes part of the morphological paradigm, and the relatedness of different periphrastic constructions can be understood in terms of the cross-categorization of features, the syntactic structure of these constructions does not mirror the same nesting. To solve this mismatch, and to capture the nesting effect, a set of rules for Bulgarian periphrastic forms is proposed, involving realization rules which are a composition of two separate rules. The complexity of nested periphrases receives a formal account, shedding light on the syntax-morphology interface more generally.Less
Bulgarian has several relevant verbal constructions, and this chapter concentrates on those where one instance of periphrasis is embedded within another. For example, the (periphrastic) future perfect has a periphrastic form of the verb ‘be’ as one component, giving a construction with embedded periphrasis. The formal account proposed for these nested constructions combines a realizational approach to morphology with a lexical non-transformational framework for syntax. While periphrasis constitutes part of the morphological paradigm, and the relatedness of different periphrastic constructions can be understood in terms of the cross-categorization of features, the syntactic structure of these constructions does not mirror the same nesting. To solve this mismatch, and to capture the nesting effect, a set of rules for Bulgarian periphrastic forms is proposed, involving realization rules which are a composition of two separate rules. The complexity of nested periphrases receives a formal account, shedding light on the syntax-morphology interface more generally.
Andrew Spencer
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265253
- eISBN:
- 9780191760419
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265253.003.0009
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
In order to establish a typological picture of periphrastic negation, this chapter begins from the criteria for periphrasis established by Ackerman and Stump. These are feature intersection, ...
More
In order to establish a typological picture of periphrastic negation, this chapter begins from the criteria for periphrasis established by Ackerman and Stump. These are feature intersection, non-compositionality, and distributed exponence. It is argued that while the first two work well for defining periphrasis, the third criterion is not sufficiently robust, and should therefore be substituted by the criterion of multiple exponence. Multiple exponence is a recurrent feature of morphology and therefore, when found in a syntactic construction, it signals its morphology-like status. The chapter analyses the applicability of the criteria by testing them on data from genetically and typologically diverse languages (such as Japanese, and languages within Oto-Manguean, Nilotic, Tungusic, Uralic, Nakh-Daghestanian, and Semitic languages). It shows the extent to which the existing criteria can be applied to languages of different types, and justifies the new criterion (multiple exponence) for identifying periphrasis.Less
In order to establish a typological picture of periphrastic negation, this chapter begins from the criteria for periphrasis established by Ackerman and Stump. These are feature intersection, non-compositionality, and distributed exponence. It is argued that while the first two work well for defining periphrasis, the third criterion is not sufficiently robust, and should therefore be substituted by the criterion of multiple exponence. Multiple exponence is a recurrent feature of morphology and therefore, when found in a syntactic construction, it signals its morphology-like status. The chapter analyses the applicability of the criteria by testing them on data from genetically and typologically diverse languages (such as Japanese, and languages within Oto-Manguean, Nilotic, Tungusic, Uralic, Nakh-Daghestanian, and Semitic languages). It shows the extent to which the existing criteria can be applied to languages of different types, and justifies the new criterion (multiple exponence) for identifying periphrasis.
José M. Brucart, Anna Gavarró, and Jaume Solà
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199553266
- eISBN:
- 9780191720833
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199553266.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Theoretical Linguistics
This book is about features and merge, and, more specifically, about the intricate ways they interact in generating expressions in natural languages. This introductory chapter is divided into two ...
More
This book is about features and merge, and, more specifically, about the intricate ways they interact in generating expressions in natural languages. This introductory chapter is divided into two parts. The first part offers a brief scotch of the tenets of the Minimalist Program, which constitutes the current mainstream version of generative grammar. The second part discusses how the contributions included in the present book address some fundamental questions raised by it.Less
This book is about features and merge, and, more specifically, about the intricate ways they interact in generating expressions in natural languages. This introductory chapter is divided into two parts. The first part offers a brief scotch of the tenets of the Minimalist Program, which constitutes the current mainstream version of generative grammar. The second part discusses how the contributions included in the present book address some fundamental questions raised by it.
George R. Mangun and Steven A. Hillyard
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198524168
- eISBN:
- 9780191706639
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198524168.003.0003
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
This chapter reviews some of the main themes of research on attentional mechanisms, focusing on the contributions of electrophysiological studies to current cognitive models of attention. Topics ...
More
This chapter reviews some of the main themes of research on attentional mechanisms, focusing on the contributions of electrophysiological studies to current cognitive models of attention. Topics discussed include visual-spatial attention, visual feature selection, executive processes of visual attention, auditory selective attention, and auditory feature selection.Less
This chapter reviews some of the main themes of research on attentional mechanisms, focusing on the contributions of electrophysiological studies to current cognitive models of attention. Topics discussed include visual-spatial attention, visual feature selection, executive processes of visual attention, auditory selective attention, and auditory feature selection.
