Marshall Ganz
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195162011
- eISBN:
- 9780199943401
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162011.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This book tells the story of Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers' ground-breaking victory, drawing important lessons from this dramatic tale. Since the 1900s, large-scale agricultural ...
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This book tells the story of Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers' ground-breaking victory, drawing important lessons from this dramatic tale. Since the 1900s, large-scale agricultural enterprises relied on migrant labor—a cheap, unorganized, and powerless workforce. In 1965, when some 800 Filipino grape workers began to strike under the aegis of the AFL-CIO, the UFW soon joined the action with 2,000 Mexican workers and turned the strike into a civil rights struggle. They engaged in civil disobedience, mobilized support from churches and students, boycotted growers, and transformed their struggle into La Causa, a farm workers' movement that eventually triumphed over the grape industry's Goliath. Why did they succeed? How can the powerless challenge the powerful successfully? Offering insight from a long-time movement organizer and scholar, the book illustrates how they had the ability and resourcefulness to devise good strategy and turn short-term advantages into long-term gains. The book covers the movement's struggles, set-backs, and successes.Less
This book tells the story of Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers' ground-breaking victory, drawing important lessons from this dramatic tale. Since the 1900s, large-scale agricultural enterprises relied on migrant labor—a cheap, unorganized, and powerless workforce. In 1965, when some 800 Filipino grape workers began to strike under the aegis of the AFL-CIO, the UFW soon joined the action with 2,000 Mexican workers and turned the strike into a civil rights struggle. They engaged in civil disobedience, mobilized support from churches and students, boycotted growers, and transformed their struggle into La Causa, a farm workers' movement that eventually triumphed over the grape industry's Goliath. Why did they succeed? How can the powerless challenge the powerful successfully? Offering insight from a long-time movement organizer and scholar, the book illustrates how they had the ability and resourcefulness to devise good strategy and turn short-term advantages into long-term gains. The book covers the movement's struggles, set-backs, and successes.
Helena Hamerow
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199203253
- eISBN:
- 9780191741760
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199203253.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
In the course of the fifth century, the Roman farms and villas of lowland Britain were replaced by the new, distinctive settlements of Anglo-Saxon communities. This volume presents a major synthesis ...
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In the course of the fifth century, the Roman farms and villas of lowland Britain were replaced by the new, distinctive settlements of Anglo-Saxon communities. This volume presents a major synthesis of the evidence, now rapidly growing, for such settlements from across England and throughout the Anglo-Saxon period. Its aim is to explore what this evidence reveals about the communities who lived in them and whose daily lives went almost wholly unrecorded. The book examines the appearance, ‘life-cycles’ and function of their buildings; the relationship of Anglo-Saxon settlements to the Romano-British landscape and to later medieval villages; the role of ritual in daily life; what distinguished ‘rural’ from ‘urban’; and the relationship between farming regimes and settlement forms. A central theme throughout the book is the impact on rural producers of the rise of lordship and markets, and how this impact is reflected in the remains of their settlements.Less
In the course of the fifth century, the Roman farms and villas of lowland Britain were replaced by the new, distinctive settlements of Anglo-Saxon communities. This volume presents a major synthesis of the evidence, now rapidly growing, for such settlements from across England and throughout the Anglo-Saxon period. Its aim is to explore what this evidence reveals about the communities who lived in them and whose daily lives went almost wholly unrecorded. The book examines the appearance, ‘life-cycles’ and function of their buildings; the relationship of Anglo-Saxon settlements to the Romano-British landscape and to later medieval villages; the role of ritual in daily life; what distinguished ‘rural’ from ‘urban’; and the relationship between farming regimes and settlement forms. A central theme throughout the book is the impact on rural producers of the rise of lordship and markets, and how this impact is reflected in the remains of their settlements.
Thirsk Joan
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208136
- eISBN:
- 9780191677922
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208136.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This introductory chapter sets out the purpose of the book, which is to survey people's past experience of alternative agriculture. This survey is ...
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This introductory chapter sets out the purpose of the book, which is to survey people's past experience of alternative agriculture. This survey is important in order to place the present phase in better perspective. It also allows people to repeat some of their past without any strong sense of being condemned to a sorry fate.Less
This introductory chapter sets out the purpose of the book, which is to survey people's past experience of alternative agriculture. This survey is important in order to place the present phase in better perspective. It also allows people to repeat some of their past without any strong sense of being condemned to a sorry fate.
Elvin Hatch
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520074729
- eISBN:
- 9780520911437
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520074729.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
Where do we get our notions of social hierarchy and personal worth? What underlies our beliefs about the goals worth aiming for, the persons we hope to become? This book addresses these questions in ...
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Where do we get our notions of social hierarchy and personal worth? What underlies our beliefs about the goals worth aiming for, the persons we hope to become? This book addresses these questions in this ethnography of a small New Zealand farming community, articulating the cultural system beneath the social hierarchy. It describes a cultural theory of social hierarchy that defines not only the local system of social rank, but personhood as well. Because people define respectability differently, a crucial part of the book's approach is to examine how these differences are worked out over time. The concept of occupation is central to the book's analysis, since the work that people do provides the skeletal framework of the hierarchical order. The book focuses in particular on sheep farming and compares a New Zealand community with one in California. Wealth and respectability are defined differently in the two places, with the result that California landholders perceive a social hierarchy different from the New Zealanders'. Thus the distinctive “shape” that characterizes the hierarchy among these New Zealand landholders and their conceptions of self reflect the distinctive cultural theory by which they live.Less
Where do we get our notions of social hierarchy and personal worth? What underlies our beliefs about the goals worth aiming for, the persons we hope to become? This book addresses these questions in this ethnography of a small New Zealand farming community, articulating the cultural system beneath the social hierarchy. It describes a cultural theory of social hierarchy that defines not only the local system of social rank, but personhood as well. Because people define respectability differently, a crucial part of the book's approach is to examine how these differences are worked out over time. The concept of occupation is central to the book's analysis, since the work that people do provides the skeletal framework of the hierarchical order. The book focuses in particular on sheep farming and compares a New Zealand community with one in California. Wealth and respectability are defined differently in the two places, with the result that California landholders perceive a social hierarchy different from the New Zealanders'. Thus the distinctive “shape” that characterizes the hierarchy among these New Zealand landholders and their conceptions of self reflect the distinctive cultural theory by which they live.
Lisa Kemmerer
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199790678
- eISBN:
- 9780199919178
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199790678.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This book focuses on core religious teachings that explain how human beings ought to behave in relation to other animals, with the intent that this information be considered in light of contemporary ...
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This book focuses on core religious teachings that explain how human beings ought to behave in relation to other animals, with the intent that this information be considered in light of contemporary practices and consumer choices. The book explores sacred literature, the lives of religious exemplars, and core ethics to expose animal-friendly teachings in indigenous, Vedic, Hindu, Jain, Buddhist, Daoist, Confucian, Jewish, Christian, and Islamic religious traditions. Each chapter explores specific topics, such as sacred nature, key philosophical concepts (such as oneness of being, universal peace, and the afterlife), core ethics (on subjects such as compassion, humility, and diet), rightful relations between human beings and animals (kinship), and the activist nature of religious commitment, introducing famous figures such as Gandhi, Thich Nhat Hanh, and Tolstoy, as well as contemporary animal advocates from within each religious tradition. A thoughtful introduction and conclusion outline the parameters of the book, as well as the intent of the author, and provide focus for this landmark publication. Finally, the appendix explains industrial farming and fishing—including the environmental degradation associated with both—and explores terms such as ”free-range,” ”cruelty-free,” and ”organic.”Less
This book focuses on core religious teachings that explain how human beings ought to behave in relation to other animals, with the intent that this information be considered in light of contemporary practices and consumer choices. The book explores sacred literature, the lives of religious exemplars, and core ethics to expose animal-friendly teachings in indigenous, Vedic, Hindu, Jain, Buddhist, Daoist, Confucian, Jewish, Christian, and Islamic religious traditions. Each chapter explores specific topics, such as sacred nature, key philosophical concepts (such as oneness of being, universal peace, and the afterlife), core ethics (on subjects such as compassion, humility, and diet), rightful relations between human beings and animals (kinship), and the activist nature of religious commitment, introducing famous figures such as Gandhi, Thich Nhat Hanh, and Tolstoy, as well as contemporary animal advocates from within each religious tradition. A thoughtful introduction and conclusion outline the parameters of the book, as well as the intent of the author, and provide focus for this landmark publication. Finally, the appendix explains industrial farming and fishing—including the environmental degradation associated with both—and explores terms such as ”free-range,” ”cruelty-free,” and ”organic.”
Judith Pallot
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206569
- eISBN:
- 9780191677212
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206569.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Since the collapse of the USSR, there has been a growing interest in the Stolypin Land Reform as a possible model for post-Communist agrarian development. Using recent theoretical and empirical ...
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Since the collapse of the USSR, there has been a growing interest in the Stolypin Land Reform as a possible model for post-Communist agrarian development. Using recent theoretical and empirical advances in Anglo-American research, this book examines how peasants throughout Russia received, interpreted, and acted upon the government's attempts to persuade them to quit the commune and set up independent farms. It shows how a majority of peasants failed to interpret the Reform in the way its authors had expected, with outcomes that varied both temporally and geographically. The result challenges existing texts that either concentrate on the policy side of the Reform or, if they engage with its results, use aggregated, official statistics that, this text argues, are unreliable indicators of the pre-revolutionary peasants reception of the Reform.Less
Since the collapse of the USSR, there has been a growing interest in the Stolypin Land Reform as a possible model for post-Communist agrarian development. Using recent theoretical and empirical advances in Anglo-American research, this book examines how peasants throughout Russia received, interpreted, and acted upon the government's attempts to persuade them to quit the commune and set up independent farms. It shows how a majority of peasants failed to interpret the Reform in the way its authors had expected, with outcomes that varied both temporally and geographically. The result challenges existing texts that either concentrate on the policy side of the Reform or, if they engage with its results, use aggregated, official statistics that, this text argues, are unreliable indicators of the pre-revolutionary peasants reception of the Reform.
Pamela C. Ronald and Raoul W. Adamchak
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195301755
- eISBN:
- 9780199867196
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301755.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
This chapter discusses how organic production differs from conventional practices and how to farm organically. It explains the environmental and health implications of conventional practices and ...
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This chapter discusses how organic production differs from conventional practices and how to farm organically. It explains the environmental and health implications of conventional practices and organic production.Less
This chapter discusses how organic production differs from conventional practices and how to farm organically. It explains the environmental and health implications of conventional practices and organic production.
Marshall Ganz
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195162011
- eISBN:
- 9780199943401
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162011.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
Between 1963 and 1965, the imminent demise of the bracero program and the gathering momentum of the civil rights movement created new organizing opportunities and new resources for farm worker ...
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Between 1963 and 1965, the imminent demise of the bracero program and the gathering momentum of the civil rights movement created new organizing opportunities and new resources for farm worker organizers. As the farm labor market grew unsettled, the arena of contention shifted from Washington to California and from legislative committees to the fields. Both the AFL-CIO's Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) and the Farm Workers Association (FWA) found they had to respond to these new conditions. In early 1965, both groups were drawn reluctantly into strikes. The difference was that the FWA leaders had the strategic capacity to learn from this experience in ways that the AWOC leadership did not. The FWA leaders actually enhanced their strategic capacity by expanding and diversifying their team. This development set the stage for the radically different ways the two groups would conduct the Delano grape strike beginning in September 1965.Less
Between 1963 and 1965, the imminent demise of the bracero program and the gathering momentum of the civil rights movement created new organizing opportunities and new resources for farm worker organizers. As the farm labor market grew unsettled, the arena of contention shifted from Washington to California and from legislative committees to the fields. Both the AFL-CIO's Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) and the Farm Workers Association (FWA) found they had to respond to these new conditions. In early 1965, both groups were drawn reluctantly into strikes. The difference was that the FWA leaders had the strategic capacity to learn from this experience in ways that the AWOC leadership did not. The FWA leaders actually enhanced their strategic capacity by expanding and diversifying their team. This development set the stage for the radically different ways the two groups would conduct the Delano grape strike beginning in September 1965.
Marshall Ganz
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195162011
- eISBN:
- 9780199943401
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162011.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
Even as the breakthrough with Schenley yielded a host of new opportunities for the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA), it called forth a powerful counterattack from the other Delano growers, ...
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Even as the breakthrough with Schenley yielded a host of new opportunities for the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA), it called forth a powerful counterattack from the other Delano growers, which threatened the union's very survival. The attack challenged the NFWA leaders to quickly master a whole new level of strategic complexity; they needed to consolidate their past gains, even while carrying the fight forward. At the same time, they were competing with another union and battling growers on a far greater scale. The NFWA proved to be up to the task because it had developed the strategic capacity to respond quickly and creatively, expanding the size, scope, and diversity of its operations to enhance its strategic capacity still further. As a result, the NFWA improbably won the first union representation election held among farm workers and delivered the first setback to the alliance between the Teamsters union and California agribusiness, an alliance that was originally forged in the 1930s.Less
Even as the breakthrough with Schenley yielded a host of new opportunities for the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA), it called forth a powerful counterattack from the other Delano growers, which threatened the union's very survival. The attack challenged the NFWA leaders to quickly master a whole new level of strategic complexity; they needed to consolidate their past gains, even while carrying the fight forward. At the same time, they were competing with another union and battling growers on a far greater scale. The NFWA proved to be up to the task because it had developed the strategic capacity to respond quickly and creatively, expanding the size, scope, and diversity of its operations to enhance its strategic capacity still further. As a result, the NFWA improbably won the first union representation election held among farm workers and delivered the first setback to the alliance between the Teamsters union and California agribusiness, an alliance that was originally forged in the 1930s.
Judith Pallot
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206569
- eISBN:
- 9780191677212
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206569.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This book concludes that, notwithstanding the larger than expected numbers of peasant households coming forward to adopt the Stolypin Land Reform, the likelihood that an agricultural advance in ...
More
This book concludes that, notwithstanding the larger than expected numbers of peasant households coming forward to adopt the Stolypin Land Reform, the likelihood that an agricultural advance in Russia would be based on the farms formed under the reform's provisions was limited. There were alternatives that might have done as much, or more, to increase peasant farm productivity, as has been observed by a number of historians. After 1910, the principal government effort in agriculture passed to agrotechnological measures which reached numbers of peasant households far in excess of those who could be reached through programmes targeted solely on enclosed farms. As for the peasants, their preferred solution to their problems remained, as it always had been, the black repartition, as was so obviously demonstrated in 1917. This book also shows that, in understanding the peasants' responses to the Stolypin Land Reform, both history and geography matter.Less
This book concludes that, notwithstanding the larger than expected numbers of peasant households coming forward to adopt the Stolypin Land Reform, the likelihood that an agricultural advance in Russia would be based on the farms formed under the reform's provisions was limited. There were alternatives that might have done as much, or more, to increase peasant farm productivity, as has been observed by a number of historians. After 1910, the principal government effort in agriculture passed to agrotechnological measures which reached numbers of peasant households far in excess of those who could be reached through programmes targeted solely on enclosed farms. As for the peasants, their preferred solution to their problems remained, as it always had been, the black repartition, as was so obviously demonstrated in 1917. This book also shows that, in understanding the peasants' responses to the Stolypin Land Reform, both history and geography matter.
David J. Wolfson and Mariann Sullivan
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195305104
- eISBN:
- 9780199850556
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305104.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter explores the use of animals for food and the realities of farmed-animal law. It shows how farmed animals receive no effective legal protection in the U.S.A., and details how the law to ...
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This chapter explores the use of animals for food and the realities of farmed-animal law. It shows how farmed animals receive no effective legal protection in the U.S.A., and details how the law to determine whether or not a farming practice is illegally cruel has been altered to transfer the power from the court to the farmed-animal industry. The chapter provides a concrete sense of the extent of the problem and of what should be done about it.Less
This chapter explores the use of animals for food and the realities of farmed-animal law. It shows how farmed animals receive no effective legal protection in the U.S.A., and details how the law to determine whether or not a farming practice is illegally cruel has been altered to transfer the power from the court to the farmed-animal industry. The chapter provides a concrete sense of the extent of the problem and of what should be done about it.
Marshall Ganz
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195162011
- eISBN:
- 9780199943401
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162011.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
By 1977 the United Farm Workers (UFW) had successfully negotiated more than 100 union contracts, recruited a dues-paying membership of more than 50,000, and secured enactment of the California ...
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By 1977 the United Farm Workers (UFW) had successfully negotiated more than 100 union contracts, recruited a dues-paying membership of more than 50,000, and secured enactment of the California Agricultural Labor Relations Act, the only legislative guarantee of farm workers' collective bargaining rights in the continental United States. Why did the UFW succeed at such a daunting task—a task at which other far more powerful organizations had repeatedly failed? This book argues that the UFW succeeded, while the rival AFL-CIO and Teamsters failed, because the UFW's leadership devised a more effective strategy, in fact a stream of effective strategies. The UFW was able to do this because the motivation of its leaders was greater than that of their rivals; they had better access to salient knowledge; and their deliberations became venues for learning. The three elements of strategic capacity—the ability to devise good strategy—are discussed.Less
By 1977 the United Farm Workers (UFW) had successfully negotiated more than 100 union contracts, recruited a dues-paying membership of more than 50,000, and secured enactment of the California Agricultural Labor Relations Act, the only legislative guarantee of farm workers' collective bargaining rights in the continental United States. Why did the UFW succeed at such a daunting task—a task at which other far more powerful organizations had repeatedly failed? This book argues that the UFW succeeded, while the rival AFL-CIO and Teamsters failed, because the UFW's leadership devised a more effective strategy, in fact a stream of effective strategies. The UFW was able to do this because the motivation of its leaders was greater than that of their rivals; they had better access to salient knowledge; and their deliberations became venues for learning. The three elements of strategic capacity—the ability to devise good strategy—are discussed.
Marshall Ganz
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195162011
- eISBN:
- 9780199943401
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162011.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
From 1900 to 1950, three waves of attempts at organizing farm workers failed to win a single multiyear contract, establish a sustainable farm workers union, or reform the rules governing the farm ...
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From 1900 to 1950, three waves of attempts at organizing farm workers failed to win a single multiyear contract, establish a sustainable farm workers union, or reform the rules governing the farm labor market. At each of those moments, ethnic labor associations, radical networks, and the American Federation of Labor (AFL) were involved, but in competition rather than collaboration. Recognizing their limited ability to challenge growers on their turf, labor leaders learned that no matter how well organized they were locally, they often had to win outside support to make even short-term gains.Less
From 1900 to 1950, three waves of attempts at organizing farm workers failed to win a single multiyear contract, establish a sustainable farm workers union, or reform the rules governing the farm labor market. At each of those moments, ethnic labor associations, radical networks, and the American Federation of Labor (AFL) were involved, but in competition rather than collaboration. Recognizing their limited ability to challenge growers on their turf, labor leaders learned that no matter how well organized they were locally, they often had to win outside support to make even short-term gains.
Marshall Ganz
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195162011
- eISBN:
- 9780199943401
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162011.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, changes in American political, economic, and social life—and the expectation that the bracero program was in its final days—once again opened a door for organizers ...
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In the late 1950s and early 1960s, changes in American political, economic, and social life—and the expectation that the bracero program was in its final days—once again opened a door for organizers bold enough to try unionizing farm workers. This time, the newly merged AFL-CIO acted first by launching the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) in 1959. The Teamsters, recently expelled from the AFL-CIO, initiated their attempt in 1961. The fledgling Farm Workers Association (FWA) launched in 1962. The strategies that the leaders of these efforts devised to challenge the power of California growers could hardly have differed more. These strategic differences were not arbitrary. They grew out of real differences among the people who devised the strategy of each organization and how they worked together to do so. In the years 1959 to 1962, these differences in people and processes influenced the launching of three very different organizing attempts, thus shaping their subsequent development.Less
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, changes in American political, economic, and social life—and the expectation that the bracero program was in its final days—once again opened a door for organizers bold enough to try unionizing farm workers. This time, the newly merged AFL-CIO acted first by launching the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) in 1959. The Teamsters, recently expelled from the AFL-CIO, initiated their attempt in 1961. The fledgling Farm Workers Association (FWA) launched in 1962. The strategies that the leaders of these efforts devised to challenge the power of California growers could hardly have differed more. These strategic differences were not arbitrary. They grew out of real differences among the people who devised the strategy of each organization and how they worked together to do so. In the years 1959 to 1962, these differences in people and processes influenced the launching of three very different organizing attempts, thus shaping their subsequent development.
Marshall Ganz
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195162011
- eISBN:
- 9780199943401
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162011.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
On September 8, 1965, 800 Filipino workers organized by Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) struck ten Delano grape growers, demanding a wage of $1.40 an hour plus 25 cents per box. Two ...
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On September 8, 1965, 800 Filipino workers organized by Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) struck ten Delano grape growers, demanding a wage of $1.40 an hour plus 25 cents per box. Two weeks later, on September 20, at least as many Mexican workers, organized by the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA), struck an additional ten growers. By the time the rains brought the table grape harvest to an end in November, thirty-two growers had been struck, over 5,000 workers had indicated support for one of the two unions, and a movement began to emerge, intended to achieve the revolution in agriculture. Leaders of both the NFWA and AWOC made tactical choices about how to deal with a grape strike that neither had planned, but they drew upon different strategic capacities. AWOC organizers, operating within a strategic frame focused on local labor markets, targeted the hardcore of the table grape industry, counting on their members' skill and solidarity to provide sufficient leverage to get wages raised. Initially, the NFWA targeted growers based on where its constituency happened to work. However, a more specific target emerged as the experimental process of probing, pushing, and trying a little of this and a little of that continued.Less
On September 8, 1965, 800 Filipino workers organized by Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) struck ten Delano grape growers, demanding a wage of $1.40 an hour plus 25 cents per box. Two weeks later, on September 20, at least as many Mexican workers, organized by the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA), struck an additional ten growers. By the time the rains brought the table grape harvest to an end in November, thirty-two growers had been struck, over 5,000 workers had indicated support for one of the two unions, and a movement began to emerge, intended to achieve the revolution in agriculture. Leaders of both the NFWA and AWOC made tactical choices about how to deal with a grape strike that neither had planned, but they drew upon different strategic capacities. AWOC organizers, operating within a strategic frame focused on local labor markets, targeted the hardcore of the table grape industry, counting on their members' skill and solidarity to provide sufficient leverage to get wages raised. Initially, the NFWA targeted growers based on where its constituency happened to work. However, a more specific target emerged as the experimental process of probing, pushing, and trying a little of this and a little of that continued.
Marshall Ganz
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195162011
- eISBN:
- 9780199943401
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162011.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
When the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) affiliated with the AFL-CIO to become the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC), ethnic leaders, radical organizers, and the AFL found ...
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When the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) affiliated with the AFL-CIO to become the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC), ethnic leaders, radical organizers, and the AFL found themselves on the same team for the first time in California history. Employer reaction to the DiGiorgio victory put the alliance to the test immediately. One consequence of the victory was that it inspired wine grape workers at Perelli–Minetti vineyards near Delano to join the strike. The Teamsters intervened by providing strike breakers, claiming to represent them, and signing a contract behind the UFWOC picket lines. Recognizing that they would become a Teamster “hunting dog,” driving one ranch after another into the Teamsters' sights if they didn't fight back, UFWOC launched a boycott of the company's wines despite the fact that the existence of a Teamster contract could inhibit labor support. By May 1967, it became clear to Perelli–Minetti and the other growers that a Teamster contract could not protect them from a UFWOC boycott. The Teamsters realized that without employer cooperation they could offer UFWOC little competition in the fields. All sides went to mediation, UFWOC suspended the boycott, the Teamsters withdrew from the fight, and Perelli–Minetti transferred the contract to UFWOC. How did affiliation with the AFL-CIO, despite the traditional labor movement's history of failure in the fields, enhance the NFWA's strategic capacity? Why couldn't the Teamsters devise a more effective strategy after their “responsible union” approach failed? When the Teamsters tried to learn from UFWOC by mimicking its tactics, why didn't it work? And how could the new union expand the scope and scale of its operations to be able to consolidate its success, fend off new challenges, and launch new initiatives? The answers can be found again, although at a whole new level, in the capacity to generate effective strategy.Less
When the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) affiliated with the AFL-CIO to become the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC), ethnic leaders, radical organizers, and the AFL found themselves on the same team for the first time in California history. Employer reaction to the DiGiorgio victory put the alliance to the test immediately. One consequence of the victory was that it inspired wine grape workers at Perelli–Minetti vineyards near Delano to join the strike. The Teamsters intervened by providing strike breakers, claiming to represent them, and signing a contract behind the UFWOC picket lines. Recognizing that they would become a Teamster “hunting dog,” driving one ranch after another into the Teamsters' sights if they didn't fight back, UFWOC launched a boycott of the company's wines despite the fact that the existence of a Teamster contract could inhibit labor support. By May 1967, it became clear to Perelli–Minetti and the other growers that a Teamster contract could not protect them from a UFWOC boycott. The Teamsters realized that without employer cooperation they could offer UFWOC little competition in the fields. All sides went to mediation, UFWOC suspended the boycott, the Teamsters withdrew from the fight, and Perelli–Minetti transferred the contract to UFWOC. How did affiliation with the AFL-CIO, despite the traditional labor movement's history of failure in the fields, enhance the NFWA's strategic capacity? Why couldn't the Teamsters devise a more effective strategy after their “responsible union” approach failed? When the Teamsters tried to learn from UFWOC by mimicking its tactics, why didn't it work? And how could the new union expand the scope and scale of its operations to be able to consolidate its success, fend off new challenges, and launch new initiatives? The answers can be found again, although at a whole new level, in the capacity to generate effective strategy.
Pamela C. Ronald and Raoul W. Adamchak
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195301755
- eISBN:
- 9780199867196
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301755.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
In modern agricultural politics, organic farming and genetic engineering occupy opposite ends of the spectrum. In the Ronald-Adamchak household, the world is not so black and white. Ronald is a ...
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In modern agricultural politics, organic farming and genetic engineering occupy opposite ends of the spectrum. In the Ronald-Adamchak household, the world is not so black and white. Ronald is a professor of plant genetics at the University of California, Davis. Adamchak manages the student-run organic farm. Together, they're exploring the juncture where their methods can meet to ensure ecologically friendly farming. This book roughly chronicles one year in their lives. Through dialogue with friends and family, the authors thoughtfully explore the use of GE crops. The authors discuss the contents of their own pantry, what they choose to feed their children, and criteria for the use of GE in agriculture. From their personal vantage points, Ronald and Adamchak explain what geneticists and organic farmers actually do, and help readers distinguish between fact and fiction in the debate about GE crops. Each section of the book addresses a different issue related to the role of GE and organic farming in food production. Ronald provides a farmer's view of the philosophy and practice of organic farming and how it differs from conventional agriculture; Adamchak describes the tools and processes of genetic engineering, the potential ecological benefit of using GE technology to generate plants, and the associated risks. At the end of the book, they describe one of their typical family dinners, explain their choice to bring both genetically engineered and organic food to their table, and share some of their family's best recipes.Less
In modern agricultural politics, organic farming and genetic engineering occupy opposite ends of the spectrum. In the Ronald-Adamchak household, the world is not so black and white. Ronald is a professor of plant genetics at the University of California, Davis. Adamchak manages the student-run organic farm. Together, they're exploring the juncture where their methods can meet to ensure ecologically friendly farming. This book roughly chronicles one year in their lives. Through dialogue with friends and family, the authors thoughtfully explore the use of GE crops. The authors discuss the contents of their own pantry, what they choose to feed their children, and criteria for the use of GE in agriculture. From their personal vantage points, Ronald and Adamchak explain what geneticists and organic farmers actually do, and help readers distinguish between fact and fiction in the debate about GE crops. Each section of the book addresses a different issue related to the role of GE and organic farming in food production. Ronald provides a farmer's view of the philosophy and practice of organic farming and how it differs from conventional agriculture; Adamchak describes the tools and processes of genetic engineering, the potential ecological benefit of using GE technology to generate plants, and the associated risks. At the end of the book, they describe one of their typical family dinners, explain their choice to bring both genetically engineered and organic food to their table, and share some of their family's best recipes.
M. E. Turner, J. V. Beckett, and B. Afton
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198208044
- eISBN:
- 9780191716577
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208044.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
Modern farming is a business in which the farmers operate a business model that combines various inputs to produce the measurable farm output. From this they can estimate profit and loss and ...
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Modern farming is a business in which the farmers operate a business model that combines various inputs to produce the measurable farm output. From this they can estimate profit and loss and profitability, and in the light of such estimates the business model can be adjusted accordingly. This chapter suggests that farmers in the past also practiced according to business methods. The dominant difference is that in the past they were accountable mainly to themselves whereas today they are also accountable to the Inland Revenue, the Ministry, and to the EC. Modern practice generates paperwork, whereas in the past details of farm management and output were collected less systematically and with variable needs to preserve the ensuing records. This chapter discusses the farmers, the kinds of records they generated, and the approximate survival rate of those records. It concludes with a chronological and geographical summary of the records that have been selected and which the authors use to assess farm production in the period.Less
Modern farming is a business in which the farmers operate a business model that combines various inputs to produce the measurable farm output. From this they can estimate profit and loss and profitability, and in the light of such estimates the business model can be adjusted accordingly. This chapter suggests that farmers in the past also practiced according to business methods. The dominant difference is that in the past they were accountable mainly to themselves whereas today they are also accountable to the Inland Revenue, the Ministry, and to the EC. Modern practice generates paperwork, whereas in the past details of farm management and output were collected less systematically and with variable needs to preserve the ensuing records. This chapter discusses the farmers, the kinds of records they generated, and the approximate survival rate of those records. It concludes with a chronological and geographical summary of the records that have been selected and which the authors use to assess farm production in the period.
Johan F. M. Swinnen
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199288915
- eISBN:
- 9780191603518
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199288917.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter examines how different reforms were chosen and implemented in various transition countries. It focuses on price and subsidy policy reform, property rights reform and farm restructuring, ...
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This chapter examines how different reforms were chosen and implemented in various transition countries. It focuses on price and subsidy policy reform, property rights reform and farm restructuring, and liberalization and the development of market institutions.Less
This chapter examines how different reforms were chosen and implemented in various transition countries. It focuses on price and subsidy policy reform, property rights reform and farm restructuring, and liberalization and the development of market institutions.
Johan F. M. Swinnen
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199288915
- eISBN:
- 9780191603518
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199288917.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter explains the effects of the different reforms which were chosen and implemented in various transition countries. It provides evidence on the effects of price and subsidy policy reform, ...
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This chapter explains the effects of the different reforms which were chosen and implemented in various transition countries. It provides evidence on the effects of price and subsidy policy reform, property rights reform and farm restructuring, liberalization and the development of market institutions, and on the effects of the interaction between these reforms.Less
This chapter explains the effects of the different reforms which were chosen and implemented in various transition countries. It provides evidence on the effects of price and subsidy policy reform, property rights reform and farm restructuring, liberalization and the development of market institutions, and on the effects of the interaction between these reforms.
