Nicholas P. Money
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195189711
- eISBN:
- 9780199790265
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189711.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Microbiology
This book is concerned with the most devastating fungal diseases in history. These are the plagues of trees and crop plants caused by invisible spores that have reshaped entire landscapes and ...
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This book is concerned with the most devastating fungal diseases in history. These are the plagues of trees and crop plants caused by invisible spores that have reshaped entire landscapes and decimated human populations. Everyone is aware of the Irish potato famine, but while many other fungal diseases are less familiar, they have had similarly disastrous consequences. The book focuses on the fascinating biology of the well- and lesser-known diseases, and tells the stories of the scientists involved in their study and of the people directly impacted by the loss of forest trees like the chestnut, and cash crops such as coffee and cacao. While a book about fungal epidemics is not tailor-made for an intoxicating and uplifting read, the story of the mycologists and plant pathologists engaged in combating these diseases is one of human optimism (often encouraged by desperate eccentricity). In a surprisingly brief time, human knowledge of the fungi that infect plants has evolved from Biblical superstition to the recognition of the true nature of plant disease, and more recently, to a sense of awe for the sophistication of these microbes. The crucial issue of human culpability in these fungal epidemics is addressed in the book’s closing chapter.Less
This book is concerned with the most devastating fungal diseases in history. These are the plagues of trees and crop plants caused by invisible spores that have reshaped entire landscapes and decimated human populations. Everyone is aware of the Irish potato famine, but while many other fungal diseases are less familiar, they have had similarly disastrous consequences. The book focuses on the fascinating biology of the well- and lesser-known diseases, and tells the stories of the scientists involved in their study and of the people directly impacted by the loss of forest trees like the chestnut, and cash crops such as coffee and cacao. While a book about fungal epidemics is not tailor-made for an intoxicating and uplifting read, the story of the mycologists and plant pathologists engaged in combating these diseases is one of human optimism (often encouraged by desperate eccentricity). In a surprisingly brief time, human knowledge of the fungi that infect plants has evolved from Biblical superstition to the recognition of the true nature of plant disease, and more recently, to a sense of awe for the sophistication of these microbes. The crucial issue of human culpability in these fungal epidemics is addressed in the book’s closing chapter.
Nigel Yates
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199242382
- eISBN:
- 9780191603815
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242380.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter looks at economic, political, and social developments in Ireland that had an impact on its religious development between 1770 and 1850.
This chapter looks at economic, political, and social developments in Ireland that had an impact on its religious development between 1770 and 1850.
Sanjay Sharma
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195653861
- eISBN:
- 9780199081653
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195653861.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
This book examines the lesser known aspects of the colonial state through the lens of the many famines and famine induced crimes which affected north India as it emerged from the ‘chaotic’ eighteenth ...
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This book examines the lesser known aspects of the colonial state through the lens of the many famines and famine induced crimes which affected north India as it emerged from the ‘chaotic’ eighteenth century. It situates the 1837-8 famine in the political, ideological and economic processes of the colonial state which, paradoxically, continued to advocate laissez faire even as it’s humanitarian and pragmatic concerns (including fears of disorder) resulted in a series of interventionist policies. In this it was aided by a growth in missionary activity, with institutions being created for ‘famine-orphans.’ The assumption of new responsibilities resulted in the expansion of the state’s infrastructure which helped it derive legitimacy by being perceived as the ultimate repository of philanthropy. By the 1880s, popular perception saw the responsibility for famine relief having shifted clearly to the colonial state. However, the author also argues that while the state was forced into actions mitigating the most disruptive aspects of famines, it did not feel obliged to address its real causes, i.e. the problems of structural mass poverty. By the end of the nineteenth century, this became a key element in the critique of colonialism by early Indian nationalists wanting freedom from colonial rule.Less
This book examines the lesser known aspects of the colonial state through the lens of the many famines and famine induced crimes which affected north India as it emerged from the ‘chaotic’ eighteenth century. It situates the 1837-8 famine in the political, ideological and economic processes of the colonial state which, paradoxically, continued to advocate laissez faire even as it’s humanitarian and pragmatic concerns (including fears of disorder) resulted in a series of interventionist policies. In this it was aided by a growth in missionary activity, with institutions being created for ‘famine-orphans.’ The assumption of new responsibilities resulted in the expansion of the state’s infrastructure which helped it derive legitimacy by being perceived as the ultimate repository of philanthropy. By the 1880s, popular perception saw the responsibility for famine relief having shifted clearly to the colonial state. However, the author also argues that while the state was forced into actions mitigating the most disruptive aspects of famines, it did not feel obliged to address its real causes, i.e. the problems of structural mass poverty. By the end of the nineteenth century, this became a key element in the critique of colonialism by early Indian nationalists wanting freedom from colonial rule.
Devi Sridhar
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199549962
- eISBN:
- 9780191720499
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549962.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Political Economy
This chapter begins with a brief history of nutrition and poverty concerns both in India and in the World Bank. The purpose of these sections is to describe the forces that led to the Bank-India ...
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This chapter begins with a brief history of nutrition and poverty concerns both in India and in the World Bank. The purpose of these sections is to describe the forces that led to the Bank-India partnership in nutrition, to situate TINP historically, and to introduce the key players. The chapter then turns to TINP to examine its design and objectives, the specifics of the policy process as well as provide further details on evaluation.Less
This chapter begins with a brief history of nutrition and poverty concerns both in India and in the World Bank. The purpose of these sections is to describe the forces that led to the Bank-India partnership in nutrition, to situate TINP historically, and to introduce the key players. The chapter then turns to TINP to examine its design and objectives, the specifics of the policy process as well as provide further details on evaluation.
Tim Mulgan
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199282203
- eISBN:
- 9780191603624
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019928220X.003.0010
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter focuses on a single problem for Rule Consequentialism: whether it makes unreasonable demands under partial compliance. It recaps the arguments of The Demands of Consequentialism, and ...
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This chapter focuses on a single problem for Rule Consequentialism: whether it makes unreasonable demands under partial compliance. It recaps the arguments of The Demands of Consequentialism, and then asks if an intergenerational perspective make Rule Consequentialism more or less palatable under partial compliance. It concludes that while the demands of Rule Consequentialism are moderate and plausible in some areas, they are extreme and somewhat implausible in others, and that the comparative stringency of Rule Consequentialism’s demands in different areas is often very peculiar. Rule Consequentialism cannot be a plausible complete moral theory. So long as it presents itself as a complete theory, its accounts of reproduction and future generations must themselves be unreasonably demanding.Less
This chapter focuses on a single problem for Rule Consequentialism: whether it makes unreasonable demands under partial compliance. It recaps the arguments of The Demands of Consequentialism, and then asks if an intergenerational perspective make Rule Consequentialism more or less palatable under partial compliance. It concludes that while the demands of Rule Consequentialism are moderate and plausible in some areas, they are extreme and somewhat implausible in others, and that the comparative stringency of Rule Consequentialism’s demands in different areas is often very peculiar. Rule Consequentialism cannot be a plausible complete moral theory. So long as it presents itself as a complete theory, its accounts of reproduction and future generations must themselves be unreasonably demanding.
Nathan MacDonald
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199546527
- eISBN:
- 9780191720215
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546527.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
The Old Testament portrayal of Canaan as a ‘land flowing with milk and honey’ has determined many assessments of the Israelite diet. These fail to take into account the literary and rhetorical nature ...
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The Old Testament portrayal of Canaan as a ‘land flowing with milk and honey’ has determined many assessments of the Israelite diet. These fail to take into account the literary and rhetorical nature of the biblical materials. They also fail to make critical use of the many available resources from archaeology, palaeopathology, archaeozoology, and comparative anthropology. The more realistic assessment of Israelite diet that is offered owes much to Peter Garnsey's studies of food issues in the classical world. Garnsey pioneered the utilization of nutritional anthropology in the study of Graeco-Roman diet and society convincingly demonstrating the frequency of food scarcity and the poor diet of most subjects of the Roman empire. A careful assessment of Israelite diet, taking into account all the information now available, suggests that most Israelites had a very poor diet which resulted in poor health status and low life expectancy.Less
The Old Testament portrayal of Canaan as a ‘land flowing with milk and honey’ has determined many assessments of the Israelite diet. These fail to take into account the literary and rhetorical nature of the biblical materials. They also fail to make critical use of the many available resources from archaeology, palaeopathology, archaeozoology, and comparative anthropology. The more realistic assessment of Israelite diet that is offered owes much to Peter Garnsey's studies of food issues in the classical world. Garnsey pioneered the utilization of nutritional anthropology in the study of Graeco-Roman diet and society convincingly demonstrating the frequency of food scarcity and the poor diet of most subjects of the Roman empire. A careful assessment of Israelite diet, taking into account all the information now available, suggests that most Israelites had a very poor diet which resulted in poor health status and low life expectancy.
Amartya Sen
- Published in print:
- 1983
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198284635
- eISBN:
- 9780191596902
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198284632.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
A case study of the Great Bengal Famine of 1943, which had a reported death toll of about 1.5 million. An explanation for the famine is analysed in terms of the most common approach used—food ...
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A case study of the Great Bengal Famine of 1943, which had a reported death toll of about 1.5 million. An explanation for the famine is analysed in terms of the most common approach used—food availability decline (FAD), and this is rejected for various reasons. Analyses are next made in terms of exchange entitlements and the causes of the sharp movements of these, and of the class basis of the destitution. The last part of the chapter discusses the role of theory in the failure of the official policy for tackling the famine.Less
A case study of the Great Bengal Famine of 1943, which had a reported death toll of about 1.5 million. An explanation for the famine is analysed in terms of the most common approach used—food availability decline (FAD), and this is rejected for various reasons. Analyses are next made in terms of exchange entitlements and the causes of the sharp movements of these, and of the class basis of the destitution. The last part of the chapter discusses the role of theory in the failure of the official policy for tackling the famine.
Jean Drèze
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198286363
- eISBN:
- 9780191718458
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198286363.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Though one may mistakenly attribute India's impressive recent record of famine prevention to a steady improvement in food production or to the overall evolution of the economy, this chapter argues ...
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Though one may mistakenly attribute India's impressive recent record of famine prevention to a steady improvement in food production or to the overall evolution of the economy, this chapter argues that it is the relief system that played the crucial role in averting large-scale famine. The two components of a reliable famine prevention system are: an intelligent and well-planned interventionist procedure and a mechanism ensuring an early step by the authorities. For India, both were appreciably influenced first by the emergence of Famine Codes and then by the country's attainment of independence. Providing case studies, the chapter underscores the urgency of recreating the lost entitlements through relief and wage-based employment, and spotlights the roles of public pressure, cash relief, and public works.Less
Though one may mistakenly attribute India's impressive recent record of famine prevention to a steady improvement in food production or to the overall evolution of the economy, this chapter argues that it is the relief system that played the crucial role in averting large-scale famine. The two components of a reliable famine prevention system are: an intelligent and well-planned interventionist procedure and a mechanism ensuring an early step by the authorities. For India, both were appreciably influenced first by the emergence of Famine Codes and then by the country's attainment of independence. Providing case studies, the chapter underscores the urgency of recreating the lost entitlements through relief and wage-based employment, and spotlights the roles of public pressure, cash relief, and public works.
Nicholas P. Money
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195189711
- eISBN:
- 9780199790265
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189711.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Microbiology
The Irish potato famine is the best known crop disease in history. This chapter addresses the root causes of the famine, with emphasis upon the relationship between the unprecedented population ...
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The Irish potato famine is the best known crop disease in history. This chapter addresses the root causes of the famine, with emphasis upon the relationship between the unprecedented population increase in Ireland in the 1840s before the arrival of the pathogen. Ireland was fated by its monoculture of potatoes and the dependent lives of millions of human beings. The Reverend Miles Berkeley was responsible for identifying the microbial culprit for the blight, and much of his brilliant work prefigured Louis Pasteur’s refutation of the theory of spontaneous generation. Potato blight is caused by the microbe, Phytophthora infestans, whose resemblance to fungi disguises a much closer evolutionary relationship to diatoms and brown algae. Research on fungicides is discussed, including the work of Alexis Millardet who is credited with the discovery of the Bordeaux mixture.Less
The Irish potato famine is the best known crop disease in history. This chapter addresses the root causes of the famine, with emphasis upon the relationship between the unprecedented population increase in Ireland in the 1840s before the arrival of the pathogen. Ireland was fated by its monoculture of potatoes and the dependent lives of millions of human beings. The Reverend Miles Berkeley was responsible for identifying the microbial culprit for the blight, and much of his brilliant work prefigured Louis Pasteur’s refutation of the theory of spontaneous generation. Potato blight is caused by the microbe, Phytophthora infestans, whose resemblance to fungi disguises a much closer evolutionary relationship to diatoms and brown algae. Research on fungicides is discussed, including the work of Alexis Millardet who is credited with the discovery of the Bordeaux mixture.
Jaap Goudsmit
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195130348
- eISBN:
- 9780199790166
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195130348.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Microbiology
This chapter discusses plant viruses and human enteroviruses. Population growth has an enormous impacton the global food supply. Two groups of viruses complicate the food chain. First, there are ...
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This chapter discusses plant viruses and human enteroviruses. Population growth has an enormous impacton the global food supply. Two groups of viruses complicate the food chain. First, there are plant viruses and viroids that can destroy harvests and cause famine. Second, there are human enteroviruses that are linked with malnutrition or contaminated food. The potato blight in Ireland, difference between viroids and viruses, and threats posed by enteroviruses are discussed.Less
This chapter discusses plant viruses and human enteroviruses. Population growth has an enormous impacton the global food supply. Two groups of viruses complicate the food chain. First, there are plant viruses and viroids that can destroy harvests and cause famine. Second, there are human enteroviruses that are linked with malnutrition or contaminated food. The potato blight in Ireland, difference between viroids and viruses, and threats posed by enteroviruses are discussed.
Jean Drèze and Amartya Sen
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198283652
- eISBN:
- 9780191596193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198283652.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The authors note the misleading nature of the distinction between man‐made and natural famine, before moving on to emphasise the role of social conditions and cooperative conflicts in the genesis of ...
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The authors note the misleading nature of the distinction between man‐made and natural famine, before moving on to emphasise the role of social conditions and cooperative conflicts in the genesis of hunger. Attention is drawn to the unequal treatment in intrafamily divisions, especially female deprivation, and the role of gender in hunger. They conclude by highlighting the differences between the concepts of protection and promotion.Less
The authors note the misleading nature of the distinction between man‐made and natural famine, before moving on to emphasise the role of social conditions and cooperative conflicts in the genesis of hunger. Attention is drawn to the unequal treatment in intrafamily divisions, especially female deprivation, and the role of gender in hunger. They conclude by highlighting the differences between the concepts of protection and promotion.
Jean Drèze and Amartya Sen
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198283652
- eISBN:
- 9780191596193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198283652.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This is the first of four chapters dedicated to famines. It begins by emphasising the role of public intervention in avoiding famines and then elaborates on the advantages of thinking of famine ...
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This is the first of four chapters dedicated to famines. It begins by emphasising the role of public intervention in avoiding famines and then elaborates on the advantages of thinking of famine prevention in terms of an entitlement protection problem. It notes how any action should take into account the informal security systems already in play and describes some aspects of them, with special reference to sub‐Saharan Africa. Concludes with some reflections on early intervention.Less
This is the first of four chapters dedicated to famines. It begins by emphasising the role of public intervention in avoiding famines and then elaborates on the advantages of thinking of famine prevention in terms of an entitlement protection problem. It notes how any action should take into account the informal security systems already in play and describes some aspects of them, with special reference to sub‐Saharan Africa. Concludes with some reflections on early intervention.
Jean Drèze and Amartya Sen
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198283652
- eISBN:
- 9780191596193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198283652.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter studies how the simultaneous (and often conflicting) objectives of non‐exclusion and targeting can be pursued with varying emphasis, depending on the selection procedure adopted. It then ...
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This chapter studies how the simultaneous (and often conflicting) objectives of non‐exclusion and targeting can be pursued with varying emphasis, depending on the selection procedure adopted. It then explores some of the selection mechanisms, highlighting the limits of nutritional status as a basic selection criterion. The merits and demerits of employment provision as an entitlement protection system are analysed. Finally, there are some general remarks on effective famine prevention, emphasising the role of mixed systems.Less
This chapter studies how the simultaneous (and often conflicting) objectives of non‐exclusion and targeting can be pursued with varying emphasis, depending on the selection procedure adopted. It then explores some of the selection mechanisms, highlighting the limits of nutritional status as a basic selection criterion. The merits and demerits of employment provision as an entitlement protection system are analysed. Finally, there are some general remarks on effective famine prevention, emphasising the role of mixed systems.
James Carter
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195398854
- eISBN:
- 9780199894413
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398854.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
In Xi’an, Tanxu worked to revive the famous Maternal Grace Temple (da ci’en si) in Xi’an, home to the Great Wild Goose Pagoda, which housed the first Buddhist scriptures brought from India to China, ...
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In Xi’an, Tanxu worked to revive the famous Maternal Grace Temple (da ci’en si) in Xi’an, home to the Great Wild Goose Pagoda, which housed the first Buddhist scriptures brought from India to China, in the 7th century. Xi’an, and all of Shaanxi province, was in the midst of famine, exacerbated by the effects of warlordism and banditry, and Tanxu worked to bring relief to the victims of the famine as well. Tanxu’s time in Xi’an was short, for he received word that his master, Dixian, had died in Ningbo, and traveled back for the funeral. En route, Tanxu himself became a victim of banditry when his boat on the Wei River was attacked by pirates. Eventually arriving back in Ningbo, Tanxu accepted a new project to travel to Qingdao, to found another temple.Less
In Xi’an, Tanxu worked to revive the famous Maternal Grace Temple (da ci’en si) in Xi’an, home to the Great Wild Goose Pagoda, which housed the first Buddhist scriptures brought from India to China, in the 7th century. Xi’an, and all of Shaanxi province, was in the midst of famine, exacerbated by the effects of warlordism and banditry, and Tanxu worked to bring relief to the victims of the famine as well. Tanxu’s time in Xi’an was short, for he received word that his master, Dixian, had died in Ningbo, and traveled back for the funeral. En route, Tanxu himself became a victim of banditry when his boat on the Wei River was attacked by pirates. Eventually arriving back in Ningbo, Tanxu accepted a new project to travel to Qingdao, to found another temple.
Richard Finn Op
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199283606
- eISBN:
- 9780191712692
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199283606.003.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This introductory chapter sets the scene by describing first the urban churches of the late empire, their likely size, income and other wealth, and geographical spread. It examines the diverse forms ...
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This introductory chapter sets the scene by describing first the urban churches of the late empire, their likely size, income and other wealth, and geographical spread. It examines the diverse forms of poverty experienced in the late empire to distinguish those whose scant means afforded them a limited dignity, but who lived at risk of destitution in times of shortage or famine, from those beggars whom destitution forced into a dishonourable dependency. The chapter reviews past and present scholarship on Christian almsgiving, which was hampered in its infancy by confessional prejudice that saw in the preaching of redemptive almsgiving evidence of corruption from the pure charity of the earliest Christians. More recent scholarship has suffered from a tendency to examine practices separately from the meanings informing them.Less
This introductory chapter sets the scene by describing first the urban churches of the late empire, their likely size, income and other wealth, and geographical spread. It examines the diverse forms of poverty experienced in the late empire to distinguish those whose scant means afforded them a limited dignity, but who lived at risk of destitution in times of shortage or famine, from those beggars whom destitution forced into a dishonourable dependency. The chapter reviews past and present scholarship on Christian almsgiving, which was hampered in its infancy by confessional prejudice that saw in the preaching of redemptive almsgiving evidence of corruption from the pure charity of the earliest Christians. More recent scholarship has suffered from a tendency to examine practices separately from the meanings informing them.
Thomas L. Brodie
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195138368
- eISBN:
- 9780199834037
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195138368.003.0037
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
The narrative recounts first, how the butler finally remembered his sins and Joseph, thus bringing Joseph to be in charge of the famine situation (Genesis 41), and then how the famished brothers went ...
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The narrative recounts first, how the butler finally remembered his sins and Joseph, thus bringing Joseph to be in charge of the famine situation (Genesis 41), and then how the famished brothers went to Egypt and there began to remember Joseph and their sin (Genesis 42). Joseph's treatment of his brother may seem harsh, but immediate self‐revelation would have left them feeling guilty. Instead, he leads them into a process of remembering, into a conversion that will restore their self‐respect.Less
The narrative recounts first, how the butler finally remembered his sins and Joseph, thus bringing Joseph to be in charge of the famine situation (Genesis 41), and then how the famished brothers went to Egypt and there began to remember Joseph and their sin (Genesis 42). Joseph's treatment of his brother may seem harsh, but immediate self‐revelation would have left them feeling guilty. Instead, he leads them into a process of remembering, into a conversion that will restore their self‐respect.
Thomas L. Brodie
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195138368
- eISBN:
- 9780199834037
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195138368.003.0040
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
Both episodes seem grim: great famine (Genesis 47:12–28), and Jacob's impending death (47:29–ch. 48). Yet, both conclude with suggestions of vitality. Joseph's takeover of the famine‐struck land, ...
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Both episodes seem grim: great famine (Genesis 47:12–28), and Jacob's impending death (47:29–ch. 48). Yet, both conclude with suggestions of vitality. Joseph's takeover of the famine‐struck land, though it seems harsh, leads to a renewal. And, Jacob's deathbed is dominated not by doom but by blessing. (Linking Joseph's takeover of the land to Egyptian history does not change its narrative significance). The combination of upheaval in nature (world famine) with the upheaval of impending death has analogs in the lives of David and Jesus.Less
Both episodes seem grim: great famine (Genesis 47:12–28), and Jacob's impending death (47:29–ch. 48). Yet, both conclude with suggestions of vitality. Joseph's takeover of the famine‐struck land, though it seems harsh, leads to a renewal. And, Jacob's deathbed is dominated not by doom but by blessing. (Linking Joseph's takeover of the land to Egyptian history does not change its narrative significance). The combination of upheaval in nature (world famine) with the upheaval of impending death has analogs in the lives of David and Jesus.
Susan R. Holman
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195139129
- eISBN:
- 9780199834310
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195139127.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter places Basil of Caesarea's fourth‐century famine relief activities within the broader spectrum of the history of famine relief and the physiology of starvation. It summarizes what is ...
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This chapter places Basil of Caesarea's fourth‐century famine relief activities within the broader spectrum of the history of famine relief and the physiology of starvation. It summarizes what is known of his response to the famine of 368–69 ce and compares his sermon “In time of famine and drought” with a sixth‐century famine chronicle by Ps. Joshua the Stylite and Philagathos's eleventh‐century sermon on famine, considering these three texts in light of modern medical and sociological studies on starvation and hunger typology. Basil's texts from the famine crisis show him exercising a priest–bishop's politics of power, by evoking vivid images of the destitute compared with mourning infants, by insisting that the hungry are suffering unjustly, and by demanding grain donations as both a ceremonial gift exchange and an act of redemptive almsgiving.Less
This chapter places Basil of Caesarea's fourth‐century famine relief activities within the broader spectrum of the history of famine relief and the physiology of starvation. It summarizes what is known of his response to the famine of 368–69 ce and compares his sermon “In time of famine and drought” with a sixth‐century famine chronicle by Ps. Joshua the Stylite and Philagathos's eleventh‐century sermon on famine, considering these three texts in light of modern medical and sociological studies on starvation and hunger typology. Basil's texts from the famine crisis show him exercising a priest–bishop's politics of power, by evoking vivid images of the destitute compared with mourning infants, by insisting that the hungry are suffering unjustly, and by demanding grain donations as both a ceremonial gift exchange and an act of redemptive almsgiving.
Leslie Clarkson and Margaret Crawford
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198227519
- eISBN:
- 9780191708374
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198227519.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
This book traces the history of food and famine in Ireland from the 16th to the early 20th century. It is concerned with what people ate and drank, and how consumption patterns changed over time. It ...
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This book traces the history of food and famine in Ireland from the 16th to the early 20th century. It is concerned with what people ate and drank, and how consumption patterns changed over time. It explores the economic and social forces that lay behind these changes, as well as individual motives affecting taste, preferences, and acceptability. It considers the reasons why potatoes became such a major component of diet of the poor during the 18th century at the same time as the diets of the middling and upper classes became more varied. The book is also concerned with nutrition, paying particular attention to the nutritional components of the foods most commonly consumed. It explores the connections between diets, nutrition, health, and disease. The book looks at the relationship between the food supply and the growth of population, and government policy towards food supply. Finally, it considers the vulnerability of Ireland to famine over the centuries, the reality of famine when it occurred, and the causes of mortality and disease during the Great Famine.Less
This book traces the history of food and famine in Ireland from the 16th to the early 20th century. It is concerned with what people ate and drank, and how consumption patterns changed over time. It explores the economic and social forces that lay behind these changes, as well as individual motives affecting taste, preferences, and acceptability. It considers the reasons why potatoes became such a major component of diet of the poor during the 18th century at the same time as the diets of the middling and upper classes became more varied. The book is also concerned with nutrition, paying particular attention to the nutritional components of the foods most commonly consumed. It explores the connections between diets, nutrition, health, and disease. The book looks at the relationship between the food supply and the growth of population, and government policy towards food supply. Finally, it considers the vulnerability of Ireland to famine over the centuries, the reality of famine when it occurred, and the causes of mortality and disease during the Great Famine.
S. J. Connolly
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199543472
- eISBN:
- 9780191716553
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199543472.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
The first half of the 18th century saw only modest economic growth, interrupted by disastrous famines in 1728-9 and 1740-1. Thereafter, there was a rapid growth in exports both of agricultural ...
More
The first half of the 18th century saw only modest economic growth, interrupted by disastrous famines in 1728-9 and 1740-1. Thereafter, there was a rapid growth in exports both of agricultural produce, destined for markets in North America and the Carribean, and of linen cloth. Rising prosperity was evident in the growth of population, rapid urban development, and the creation of a consumer culture. There was also a quickening of cultural life, reflecting in part the influence of the European Enlightenment. Meanwhile a combination of religious disadvantage, social dislocation, and economic expansion carried Irish men and women to mainland Europe, the Caribbean, and North America in a diaspora possibly without parallel in early modern Europe.Less
The first half of the 18th century saw only modest economic growth, interrupted by disastrous famines in 1728-9 and 1740-1. Thereafter, there was a rapid growth in exports both of agricultural produce, destined for markets in North America and the Carribean, and of linen cloth. Rising prosperity was evident in the growth of population, rapid urban development, and the creation of a consumer culture. There was also a quickening of cultural life, reflecting in part the influence of the European Enlightenment. Meanwhile a combination of religious disadvantage, social dislocation, and economic expansion carried Irish men and women to mainland Europe, the Caribbean, and North America in a diaspora possibly without parallel in early modern Europe.
