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 Descendants of a Faithful Ancestor: Hoi Ek Pisteōs

Caroline Johnson Hodge

in If Sons, Then Heirs: A Study of Kinship and Ethnicity in the Letters of Paul

This chapter demonstrates that Paul uses the phrases ek pisteos (literally “out of faithfulness”) and hoi ek pisteos (literally “those out of faithfulness”) to create a new discourse of kinship for ... More

This chapter demonstrates that Paul uses the phrases ek pisteos (literally “out of faithfulness”) and hoi ek pisteos (literally “those out of faithfulness”) to create a new discourse of kinship for gentiles in which they spring from the faithfulness of Abraham and Christ. This argument draws upon and contributes to the pistis Christou debate, supporting the subjective genitive (“faith of Christ”, instead of “faith in Christ”) translation of this controversial phrase. The chapter shows that such an interpretation is defensible on at least four grounds: the term ek regularly appears in discussions of kinship both inside and outside of Paul; the term pistis can also be read as relating to notions of ancestry and descent; Paul labels gentiles in terms of their status as brothers “ek pisteos” (Gal 3:7; Rom 4:16); and Paul claims that God justifies the one who is ek pisteōs Iesou (Romans 3:26). In using the phrases ek pisteos or hoi ek pisteos, Paul does not refer to an abstract frame of mind, but engages in an allusive word play by pairing the preposition ek, which in kinship contexts denotes source or origin, with an unlikely object: pistis. In this reading, pistis refers to the faithful characteristics and actions of Abraham and Christ, not to the personal commitments of believers.Less

Equivalence Criteria for Fourier–Mukai Transforms

D. Huybrechts

in Fourier-Mukai Transforms in Algebraic Geometry

Criteria must be developed to determine whether a given Fourier-Mukai transform is in fact an equivalence. Applying the techniques from Chapter 1, this chapter explains the fully faithfulness of a ... More

Criteria must be developed to determine whether a given Fourier-Mukai transform is in fact an equivalence. Applying the techniques from Chapter 1, this chapter explains the fully faithfulness of a Fourier-Mukai transform. It addresses the question concerning the circumstances a fully faithful Fourier-Mukai transform does define an equivalence. In a separate section, varieties with torsion canonical bundle and their canonical cover are investigated.Less

Good Samaritan Church: The Unity of the Place

Mary McClintock Fulkerson

in Places of Redemption: Theology for a Worldly Church

This chapter focuses on the practices of Good Samaritan UMC in an attempt to become place for all to appear. Having reviewed the prominent practices that made this place, the question now is what ... More

This chapter focuses on the practices of Good Samaritan UMC in an attempt to become place for all to appear. Having reviewed the prominent practices that made this place, the question now is what they have in common and how they diverge. First, a synchronic look at three dominant images articulated in the practices and wider conversations in the community, always attending to the contributions of bodily habituations. Then, for a diachronic sense of communal identity the chapter turns to the role of conflict in the community, asking how divergence over time helped define both identity and faithfulness to identity. Finally, the chapter explores the role of the larger social formation in producing this place.Less

5 Christian Belief and Rabbinic Faith

Adiel Schremer

in Brothers Estranged: Heresy, Christianity and Jewish Identity in Late Antiquity

This chapter raises the question whether rabbinic texts that seem to be relating to issues standing at the heart of the Jewish and Christian debate throughout the ages—such as Christology and the ... More

This chapter raises the question whether rabbinic texts that seem to be relating to issues standing at the heart of the Jewish and Christian debate throughout the ages—such as Christology and the Christian belief in the Messiahship of Jesus, Israel's election, faith, and the observance of the commandments—should indeed be interpreted as an anti-Christian polemic on the part of the Rabbis. It suggests a different context for the interpretation of these texts, namely, the imperial cult and the imperial power, and it maintains that the Rabbi's need to accentuate certain religious stances—such as the rejection of the idea of Divine Man, or the importance of faithfulness—was determined, to a large degree, by the circumstances and the historical context in which they were expressed.Less

Victim into Saint: Patriarchal Retellings

David Brown

in Tradition and Imagination: Revelation and Change

Examines the way in which, and some of the reasons why, the stories of the patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac, and Joseph, have been altered both within Scripture and subsequently within the later history of ... More

Examines the way in which, and some of the reasons why, the stories of the patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac, and Joseph, have been altered both within Scripture and subsequently within the later history of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. With Abraham, the main focus is on the way in which Paul reorientated the story towards faith rather than the more natural Jewish reading in terms of faithfulness (obedient conduct). With the akedah or binding of Isaac, the reason all three religions move the focus from father to son is explored. In the case of Joseph, the differing treatments of virtue and temptation are examined.Less

The Disruption Principle

Daniel P. Steel

in Across the Boundaries: Extrapolation in Biology and Social Science

This chapter presents the disruption principle, which links mechanisms, identified with causal structure as explained in the previous chapter, to the probabilistic concept of causal relevance. The ... More

This chapter presents the disruption principle, which links mechanisms, identified with causal structure as explained in the previous chapter, to the probabilistic concept of causal relevance. The disruption principle is illustrated by a case study from HIV research, and the motivation for accepting it and possible situations in which it can fail are explored.Less

Love's Faithfulness

M. Jamie Ferreira

in Love's Grateful Striving: A Commentary on Kierkegaard's Works of Love

Love's fidelity is a continued openness to reconciliation with others. In contrast to poetic love, Christian love makes a commitment to endure. Our behavior is contoured by limits to self‐sacrifice, ... More

Love's fidelity is a continued openness to reconciliation with others. In contrast to poetic love, Christian love makes a commitment to endure. Our behavior is contoured by limits to self‐sacrifice, but we are never justified in refusing to love or in returning “hatred for hatred.”Less

In the West: First Attempts at Reform

Tariq Ramadan

in Western Muslims and the Future of Islam

Western paths toward faithfulness must be constructed on solid, consistent, and coherent foundations, based on a double dialectical approach, encompassing both the contextualized study of the texts ... More

Western paths toward faithfulness must be constructed on solid, consistent, and coherent foundations, based on a double dialectical approach, encompassing both the contextualized study of the texts and the study of the context in the light of the texts. This chapter provides some keys to this. Muslims are persuaded that the Qur'an is the final divine Revelation and that it has a universal dimension. Their responsibility before God is to make the message of the pledge known and to explain its content as well as possible. The responsibility ends there, for the idea of converting people is alien to Islam: to pass on the message is to call and invite people to a real knowledge of the presence of God and a true understanding of His teachings. Conversion is something that only God can accomplish, through His revelation, with each individual.Less

Original Meanings and Historical Interpretation

Nicholas Jardine

in The Scenes of Inquiry: On the Reality of Questions in the Sciences

This chapter begins by reviewing the question-oriented account of historical understanding of explaining scenes of inquiry, local reality, and interpretation. It follows with an argument of an ... More

This chapter begins by reviewing the question-oriented account of historical understanding of explaining scenes of inquiry, local reality, and interpretation. It follows with an argument of an account that avoids the most blatant forms of hermeneutic circularity, unlike related question-oriented accounts. It then discusses the main topic, the relation between the explication of historical understanding and the craft of historical interpretation. In particular, it examines the validity of two additional criteria of adequacy of interpretation: faithfulness to authorial intention and imputation of consistency. It argues that the theoretical account pointed out in this chapter entails definite stances on these issues, and that these stances are in good accord with common sense and sound historical practice. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the prospects for extension of this account from the history of philosophy and the sciences to the history of writings in general.Less

Competing Principles of Paradigm Uniformity: Evidence from the Hebrew Imperative Paradigm

Outi Bat-El

in Paradigms in Phonological Theory

Paradigms can be non-uniform in different ways. This chapter shows the differences within languages and across two stages of a language. The difference between Colloquial and Tiberian Hebrew is in ... More

Paradigms can be non-uniform in different ways. This chapter shows the differences within languages and across two stages of a language. The difference between Colloquial and Tiberian Hebrew is in the ranking of markedness and faithfulness constraints. In Colloquial Hebrew, faithfulness constraints are ranked above markedness constraints, and the imperative is thus identical to the future base (with the exclusion of the truncated material). That is, Structural Identity is respected. In Tiberian Hebrew, markedness constraints are ranked above faithfulness constraints, and the imperative is thus segmentally (stop v. fricative) and prosodically (epenthesis and deletion) different from the future base. That is, Structural Identity is violated. Another effect of the dominance of faithfulness constraints in Colloquial Hebrew is the violation of Existence. When the imperative cannot be identical to its base, there is no imperative and Existence is violated. Such an effect is not found in Tiberian Hebrew since faithfulness constraints are low ranked.Less

Theology as a Task Guided by the Spirit

O. Ernesto Valiente

in Liberation Through Reconciliation: Jon Sobrino's Christological Spirituality

The third chapter argues that Sobrino’s approach to spirituality reflects both a general structure relevant to all human beings and a more specific Christian structure, namely the following of Jesus. ... More

The third chapter argues that Sobrino’s approach to spirituality reflects both a general structure relevant to all human beings and a more specific Christian structure, namely the following of Jesus. Focusing on the general structure, it examines the foundational anthropological elements that undergird Sobrino’s spirituality—that is, the human dispositions that enable the proper relationship between any human person and reality. This examination is complemented with an analysis of the presuppositions that ground his engagement of the theological task. Such analysis sheds light on how his spirituality enriches and organizes all of his theology and demonstrates how these same elements structure his understanding of the demands, concerns, and purpose of the theological enterprise.Less

Data-Mining Probabilists or Experimental Determinists?: A Dialogue on the Principles Underlying Causal Learning in Children

Thomas Richardson, Laura Schulz, and Alison Gopnik

in Causal Learning: Psychology, Philosophy, and Computation

This chapter presents a dialogue that is a distillation of a real series of conversations which took place at that most platonic of academies — the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral ... More

This chapter presents a dialogue that is a distillation of a real series of conversations which took place at that most platonic of academies — the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences — between the first and third authors. The second author had determinist leanings to begin with and acted as an intermediary.Less

Learning the Structure of Deterministic Systems

Clark Glymour

in Causal Learning: Psychology, Philosophy, and Computation

Consider a system represented by a directed acyclic graph with variables as vertices in which represented variable is a deterministic function of its parents. Most engineered systems without feedback ... More

Consider a system represented by a directed acyclic graph with variables as vertices in which represented variable is a deterministic function of its parents. Most engineered systems without feedback instantiate such structures, and so, at least to appearances, do many macroscopic, natural inanimate systems. Learning the graphical representation of causal structure without experimental controls is especially difficult for such systems, because while the Markov condition holds, faithfulness does not. This chapter illustrates the problem and describes a heuristic (and not very satisfactory) learning procedure.Less

Four Kinds of Proper Conduct: (Si yi 四儀)

in Shizi: China's First Syncretist

This chapter discusses four kinds of proper conduct: goodness, propriety, loyalty, and faithfulness. Each of these four virtues is explained as follows: The first proper conduct is called a will that ... More

This chapter discusses four kinds of proper conduct: goodness, propriety, loyalty, and faithfulness. Each of these four virtues is explained as follows: The first proper conduct is called a will that strives without neglecting goodness; the second is called an intellect that is used without neglecting propriety; the third is called strength that serves without neglecting loyalty; and the fourth is called a mouth that speaks without neglecting faithfulness. Carefully maintain (these) four (kinds of) proper conduct until the end of your life, for fame and merit will follow them, just as (surely as) objects have shadows and sounds have echoes. Each of these four faculties—will, intellect, strength, and speech—is engaged in four actions: striving, thinking, serving, and speaking. It also describes a final set of ideal outcomes that ultimately arise from the four kinds of proper conduct: generosity, orderliness, achievement, and trustworthiness.Less

The ABCs of Prevention

Jenny Trinitapoli and Alexander Weinreb

in Religion and AIDS in Africa

The foundational HIV prevention lexicon in Africa is “ABC”—Abstain, Be Faithful, use Condoms. This chapter describes the religious roots of the ABC message and then, using data from across Africa, ... More

The foundational HIV prevention lexicon in Africa is “ABC”—Abstain, Be Faithful, use Condoms. This chapter describes the religious roots of the ABC message and then, using data from across Africa, examines religious patterns in adherence to these core prevention strategies across the sub-continent. The chapter documents three main patterns. First, while there is no clear pattern of adherence to abstinence by religious group, highly religious adolescents are more likely to be abstinent than their less religious peers. Second, infidelity is most common among the least religious men and among those who live in low-religiosity villages. Third, although some religious leaders oppose the use of condoms, most are pragmatic, endorsing it as the lesser of two evils even where this is in tension with official religious doctrine.Less

The Biblical Root ’mn: Retrieval of a Term and Its Household Context

Deena Aranoff

in Mothers in the Jewish Cultural Imagination: Jewish Cultural Studies Volume 5

This chapter describes the maternal figure's connection to the etymological development of a key religious term, the Hebrew root 'mn, which is commonly translated as 'faithfulness' or 'constancy'. It ... More

This chapter describes the maternal figure's connection to the etymological development of a key religious term, the Hebrew root 'mn, which is commonly translated as 'faithfulness' or 'constancy'. It talks about the abstract meanings of faithfulness and constancy as outgrowths of concrete maternal associations and provision of an infant's physical needs. The chapter recovers cultural traces of the maternal activities involved in childrearing in biblical terminology and traces maternal disappearance through the ways in which the meanings 'to rear, nurse' become muted abstractions. The chapter emphasizes how culture is embedded within language and how the physical activities of childrearing had a linguistic impact on the elite literature of ancient Israel. It then examines the subjectivity of mothers over their bodies and their own physical experiences as mothers.Less

Faith

August Turak

in Business Secrets of the Trappist Monks: One CEO's Quest for Meaning and Authenticity

This chapter explains how faith contributes to business success by highlighting the case of the Trappist monks of Mepkin Abbey. In business and our personal lives, it is usually fear of the unknown ... More

This chapter explains how faith contributes to business success by highlighting the case of the Trappist monks of Mepkin Abbey. In business and our personal lives, it is usually fear of the unknown that keeps us from making the changes we need to make to meet life's challenges. We need faith in something bigger than ourselves to overcome this fear and face these challenges. Mepkin's success relies on faith. But this is not just the kind of faith we usually associate with a laundry list of theological beliefs. Instead it is the kind of faith that is implicit in the word “faithful.” Belief in a religious proposition, like the virginity of Mary, is a static model, but it is the dynamic model of faithfulness—faith in action—that is far more important to the business success of Mepkin Abbey. Faith at Mepkin is not just about theology. It means faithfully living out the mission regardless of where it leads and how scary things get. And if we want to share in their success, we must live the same way.Less

Derived Environment Effects in Colloquial Helsinki Finnish

Arto Anttila

in The Nature of the Word: Studies in Honor of Paul Kiparsky

One of the longstanding puzzles in generative phonology is the so-called Nonderived Environment Blocking (NDEB), proposed by Paul Kiparsky. Based on NDEB, some phonological rules apply only in ... More

One of the longstanding puzzles in generative phonology is the so-called Nonderived Environment Blocking (NDEB), proposed by Paul Kiparsky. Based on NDEB, some phonological rules apply only in derived environments—that is, across a morpheme boundary or if fed by an earlier phonological rule—but are blocked in other cases. According to Kiparsky, rules that are both cyclic and lexical apply in nonderived environments. This is supported by the optional rule of Vowel Coalescence in Colloquial Helsinki Finnish. This chapter examines the Finnish evidence based on a corpus of spoken Helsinki Finnish encompassing 126 speakers and approximately 500,000 word forms. It argues that there is no relation between derived environment behavior and any kind of phonological rules, analyzes the Finnish evidence in terms of Optimality Theory, and suggests that NDEB arises from root faithfulness relativized to markedness.Less