Carl Beckwith
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199551644
- eISBN:
- 9780191720789
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199551644.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
Hilary of Poitiers (c300–368), who was instrumental in shaping the development of pro-Nicene theology in the West, combined two separate works, a treatise on faith (De Fide) and a treatise against ...
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Hilary of Poitiers (c300–368), who was instrumental in shaping the development of pro-Nicene theology in the West, combined two separate works, a treatise on faith (De Fide) and a treatise against the “Arians” (Adversus Arianos), to create De Trinitate; his chief theological contribution to the 4th-century Trinitarian debates. Scholars have long recognized the presence of these two treatises in Hilary's De Trinitate but have been unable to settle the questions of when and why Hilary did this. This book addresses these questions concerning the structure and chronology of De Trinitate by situating Hilary's treatise in its historical and theological context and offering a close reading of the text. It is argued that De Fide was written in 356 following Hilary's condemnation at the synod of Béziers and prior to receiving a decision on his exile from the Emperor. When Hilary arrived in exile, he wrote a second work, Adversus Arianos. Following the synod of Sirmium in 357 and his collaboration with Basil of Ancyra in early 358, Hilary recast his efforts and began to write De Trinitate. He decided to incorporate his two earlier works, De Fide and Adversus Arianos, into this project. Toward that end, he returned to his earlier works and drastically revised their content by adding new prefaces and new theological and exegetical material to reflect his mature pro-Nicene theology. These revisions and textual alterations have never before been acknowledged in the scholarship on De Trinitate.Less
Hilary of Poitiers (c300–368), who was instrumental in shaping the development of pro-Nicene theology in the West, combined two separate works, a treatise on faith (De Fide) and a treatise against the “Arians” (Adversus Arianos), to create De Trinitate; his chief theological contribution to the 4th-century Trinitarian debates. Scholars have long recognized the presence of these two treatises in Hilary's De Trinitate but have been unable to settle the questions of when and why Hilary did this. This book addresses these questions concerning the structure and chronology of De Trinitate by situating Hilary's treatise in its historical and theological context and offering a close reading of the text. It is argued that De Fide was written in 356 following Hilary's condemnation at the synod of Béziers and prior to receiving a decision on his exile from the Emperor. When Hilary arrived in exile, he wrote a second work, Adversus Arianos. Following the synod of Sirmium in 357 and his collaboration with Basil of Ancyra in early 358, Hilary recast his efforts and began to write De Trinitate. He decided to incorporate his two earlier works, De Fide and Adversus Arianos, into this project. Toward that end, he returned to his earlier works and drastically revised their content by adding new prefaces and new theological and exegetical material to reflect his mature pro-Nicene theology. These revisions and textual alterations have never before been acknowledged in the scholarship on De Trinitate.
Philip Clayton and Steven Knapp
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199695270
- eISBN:
- 9780191731945
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199695270.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion, Religion and Society
Can those who appreciate the explanatory power of modern science still believe in traditional religious accounts of the nature and purpose of the universe? This book is intended for those who care ...
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Can those who appreciate the explanatory power of modern science still believe in traditional religious accounts of the nature and purpose of the universe? This book is intended for those who care about that question and are dissatisfied with the rigid dichotomies that dominate the contemporary debate. The extremists won’t be interested – those who assume that science answers all the questions that matter, and those so certain of their religious faith that dialogue with science, philosophy, or other faith traditions seems unnecessary. But far more people today recognize that matters of faith are complex, that doubt is endemic to belief, and that dialogue is indispensable in our day. In eight probing chapters, the authors of The Predicament of Belief consider the most urgent reasons for doubting that religious claims – in particular, those embedded in the Christian tradition – are likely to be true. They develop a version of Christian faith that preserves the tradition’s core insights but also gauges the varying degrees of certainty with which those insights can still be affirmed. Along the way, they address such questions as the ultimate origin of the universe, the existence of innocent suffering, the challenge of religious plurality, and how to understand the extraordinary claim that an ancient teacher rose from the dead. They end with a discussion of what their conclusions imply about the present state and future structure of churches and other communities in which Christian affirmations are made.Less
Can those who appreciate the explanatory power of modern science still believe in traditional religious accounts of the nature and purpose of the universe? This book is intended for those who care about that question and are dissatisfied with the rigid dichotomies that dominate the contemporary debate. The extremists won’t be interested – those who assume that science answers all the questions that matter, and those so certain of their religious faith that dialogue with science, philosophy, or other faith traditions seems unnecessary. But far more people today recognize that matters of faith are complex, that doubt is endemic to belief, and that dialogue is indispensable in our day. In eight probing chapters, the authors of The Predicament of Belief consider the most urgent reasons for doubting that religious claims – in particular, those embedded in the Christian tradition – are likely to be true. They develop a version of Christian faith that preserves the tradition’s core insights but also gauges the varying degrees of certainty with which those insights can still be affirmed. Along the way, they address such questions as the ultimate origin of the universe, the existence of innocent suffering, the challenge of religious plurality, and how to understand the extraordinary claim that an ancient teacher rose from the dead. They end with a discussion of what their conclusions imply about the present state and future structure of churches and other communities in which Christian affirmations are made.
Francis X. Clooney
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195138542
- eISBN:
- 9780199834099
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195138546.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
Explores the nature of the demonstration of God's existence in representative theological writings from the Hindu and Christian traditions.
Explores the nature of the demonstration of God's existence in representative theological writings from the Hindu and Christian traditions.
Gregory A. Beeley
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195313970
- eISBN:
- 9780199871827
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195313970.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter examines the spiritual dialectic of purification and illumination, or praxis and theoria, within which Christians come to know God. In turn, it addresses Gregory's response to the ...
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This chapter examines the spiritual dialectic of purification and illumination, or praxis and theoria, within which Christians come to know God. In turn, it addresses Gregory's response to the Eunomians; the theological example of Moses; Gregory's missionary approach to Greek culture; his pioneering style of moderate Christian monasticism or “philosophy,” defined as a middle path between solitude and public service; his use of Plato and Plotinus compared to the Bible; the respective roles of the human body and soul in purification; the transcendence and incomprehensibility of God; God's grace; the central place of Christian baptism; the question of Gregory's apophaticism; the positive knowledge of the divine light; the relationship between faith and reason; and the basis of Christian theology in the divine economy of salvationLess
This chapter examines the spiritual dialectic of purification and illumination, or praxis and theoria, within which Christians come to know God. In turn, it addresses Gregory's response to the Eunomians; the theological example of Moses; Gregory's missionary approach to Greek culture; his pioneering style of moderate Christian monasticism or “philosophy,” defined as a middle path between solitude and public service; his use of Plato and Plotinus compared to the Bible; the respective roles of the human body and soul in purification; the transcendence and incomprehensibility of God; God's grace; the central place of Christian baptism; the question of Gregory's apophaticism; the positive knowledge of the divine light; the relationship between faith and reason; and the basis of Christian theology in the divine economy of salvation
C. Stephen Evans
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195138092
- eISBN:
- 9780199835348
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195138090.003.0014
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter examines the concepts of revelation and faith, as well as their relation to one another. The idea of revelation common to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam can be divided in different ...
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This chapter examines the concepts of revelation and faith, as well as their relation to one another. The idea of revelation common to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam can be divided in different ways: general revelation (e.g., knowledge of God through nature) and specific revelation (e.g., through holy scripture), propositional revelation (e.g., through a creed) and non-propositional revelation (e.g., through personal experience). I argue that an account of specific revelation is most rich when both propositional and non-propositional kinds of revelation are admitted. I also explore why the more recent non-propositional conceptions became relevant due to the controversies concerning the inspiration, inerrancy, and infallibility of scripture. The concept of faith stands parallel to that of revelation, as it too embodies both a sense of belief in a set of propositions as well as a trusting relationship with God inexpressible, in part, by propositions. I then examine the role of reason in religious faith and particularly the many ways the two might relate between the poles of religious rationalism and fideism.Less
This chapter examines the concepts of revelation and faith, as well as their relation to one another. The idea of revelation common to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam can be divided in different ways: general revelation (e.g., knowledge of God through nature) and specific revelation (e.g., through holy scripture), propositional revelation (e.g., through a creed) and non-propositional revelation (e.g., through personal experience). I argue that an account of specific revelation is most rich when both propositional and non-propositional kinds of revelation are admitted. I also explore why the more recent non-propositional conceptions became relevant due to the controversies concerning the inspiration, inerrancy, and infallibility of scripture. The concept of faith stands parallel to that of revelation, as it too embodies both a sense of belief in a set of propositions as well as a trusting relationship with God inexpressible, in part, by propositions. I then examine the role of reason in religious faith and particularly the many ways the two might relate between the poles of religious rationalism and fideism.
Jens Zimmermann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199697755
- eISBN:
- 9780191738159
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199697755.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion, Theology
This final chapter draws the various strands of the previous arguments together and sketches the contours of a religious humanism based on the West's Christian roots in incarnational philosophy that ...
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This final chapter draws the various strands of the previous arguments together and sketches the contours of a religious humanism based on the West's Christian roots in incarnational philosophy that emphasises the need for religious belief to ground human dignity, a common humanity, and the hermeneutic quality of human knowledge based on the incarnation. After presenting philosophical possibilities for widening securalist conceptions of reason to include religion, the chapter discusses a number of cases that demonstrate the ongoing failure to mediate transcendence through culture (Derrida on the humanities and the problem of a reason's relation to faith within Islam and Islamic reform movements), and then closes with three axioms of a modern, religiously founded humanistic ethos: self-knowledge, the goal of humanism, requires ethical transcendence, hermeneutics, and aesthetics.Less
This final chapter draws the various strands of the previous arguments together and sketches the contours of a religious humanism based on the West's Christian roots in incarnational philosophy that emphasises the need for religious belief to ground human dignity, a common humanity, and the hermeneutic quality of human knowledge based on the incarnation. After presenting philosophical possibilities for widening securalist conceptions of reason to include religion, the chapter discusses a number of cases that demonstrate the ongoing failure to mediate transcendence through culture (Derrida on the humanities and the problem of a reason's relation to faith within Islam and Islamic reform movements), and then closes with three axioms of a modern, religiously founded humanistic ethos: self-knowledge, the goal of humanism, requires ethical transcendence, hermeneutics, and aesthetics.
Paul Helm
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199255696
- eISBN:
- 9780191602429
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199255695.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
There have been sharply divergent views on Calvin's view of natural theology. Some think that Calvin sees no 'point of contact' between believer and unbeliever, others that he is a fully fledged ...
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There have been sharply divergent views on Calvin's view of natural theology. Some think that Calvin sees no 'point of contact' between believer and unbeliever, others that he is a fully fledged natural theologian. This Chapter reassesses the evidence not only from the Institutes but also from Calvin's Commentaries. His fundamental idea of the sensus divinitatis is considered in the light of how contemporary 'Reformed' epistemologists understand it.Less
There have been sharply divergent views on Calvin's view of natural theology. Some think that Calvin sees no 'point of contact' between believer and unbeliever, others that he is a fully fledged natural theologian. This Chapter reassesses the evidence not only from the Institutes but also from Calvin's Commentaries. His fundamental idea of the sensus divinitatis is considered in the light of how contemporary 'Reformed' epistemologists understand it.
Richard Viladesau
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195188110
- eISBN:
- 9780199784738
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019518811X.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The fresco of the crucifixion by Giotto in the Arena chapel represents the beginning of naturalism in Western painting. The theology of the cross during this period shows the increasing influence of ...
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The fresco of the crucifixion by Giotto in the Arena chapel represents the beginning of naturalism in Western painting. The theology of the cross during this period shows the increasing influence of the philosophy of the nominalism of William of Ockham and his followers. The separation of faith from reason, combined with incipient artistic naturalism and the religious pessimism that followed the great Plague, contributed to a new emphasis on the sufferings and wounds of Christ, which dramatically expressed the consequences of human sin. This was expressed artistically in expanded and emotional treatments of the crucifixion in drama (the passion plays), as well as new images like the pietà, that stressed compunction with Mary.Less
The fresco of the crucifixion by Giotto in the Arena chapel represents the beginning of naturalism in Western painting. The theology of the cross during this period shows the increasing influence of the philosophy of the nominalism of William of Ockham and his followers. The separation of faith from reason, combined with incipient artistic naturalism and the religious pessimism that followed the great Plague, contributed to a new emphasis on the sufferings and wounds of Christ, which dramatically expressed the consequences of human sin. This was expressed artistically in expanded and emotional treatments of the crucifixion in drama (the passion plays), as well as new images like the pietà, that stressed compunction with Mary.
Aviad Kleinberg
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231174701
- eISBN:
- 9780231540247
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231174701.003.0013
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
Where we say goodbye to the author and to his Author.
Where we say goodbye to the author and to his Author.
Merold Westphal
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199203567
- eISBN:
- 9780191708190
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199203567.003.0014
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology, Philosophy of Religion
As an alternative to ‘analytic theology’, a ‘continental’ approach is presented in this chapter. The possibility that phenomenology, especially a phenomenology that has taken the hermeneutical turn, ...
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As an alternative to ‘analytic theology’, a ‘continental’ approach is presented in this chapter. The possibility that phenomenology, especially a phenomenology that has taken the hermeneutical turn, can be helpful to theology is explored. An affirmative answer is given both for the hermeneutics of finitude and for the hermeneutics of suspicion. These modes of reflection are especially helpful to theology when they put themselves in the service of theology's own telos, individual lives and communities of holiness.Less
As an alternative to ‘analytic theology’, a ‘continental’ approach is presented in this chapter. The possibility that phenomenology, especially a phenomenology that has taken the hermeneutical turn, can be helpful to theology is explored. An affirmative answer is given both for the hermeneutics of finitude and for the hermeneutics of suspicion. These modes of reflection are especially helpful to theology when they put themselves in the service of theology's own telos, individual lives and communities of holiness.
Porter-Szücs Brian
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195399059
- eISBN:
- 9780199896844
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195399059.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Catholics have responded to the social, economic, cultural, and political changes that we call “modernity” with more complexity and diversity than is usually recognized. The clergy eventually ...
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Catholics have responded to the social, economic, cultural, and political changes that we call “modernity” with more complexity and diversity than is usually recognized. The clergy eventually developed new approaches to pastoral care in order to adjust to an increasingly urbanized landscape, and they found ways to work within the institutions of mass politics and the genres of popular culture. Catholic publicists even appropriated and to some extent domesticated the troublesome vocabulary of modernity—words like “science” and “progress.” Catholics, no less than liberals or socialists, eventually embraced an understanding of historical time that envisioned humanity steadily advancing towards a better future. This dynamic historiosophy did not initially fit well within a Catholic framework, but with each passing decade of the 20th century it became increasingly hard to avoid. Catholicism’s modernity does not look like liberalism’s modernity, but it is no less modern for that.Less
Catholics have responded to the social, economic, cultural, and political changes that we call “modernity” with more complexity and diversity than is usually recognized. The clergy eventually developed new approaches to pastoral care in order to adjust to an increasingly urbanized landscape, and they found ways to work within the institutions of mass politics and the genres of popular culture. Catholic publicists even appropriated and to some extent domesticated the troublesome vocabulary of modernity—words like “science” and “progress.” Catholics, no less than liberals or socialists, eventually embraced an understanding of historical time that envisioned humanity steadily advancing towards a better future. This dynamic historiosophy did not initially fit well within a Catholic framework, but with each passing decade of the 20th century it became increasingly hard to avoid. Catholicism’s modernity does not look like liberalism’s modernity, but it is no less modern for that.
John H. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449277
- eISBN:
- 9780801463273
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449277.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This book explores the connection between faith and reason by focusing on the death and return of God in modern German thought. It considers, in a historical context, how God can return from the ...
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This book explores the connection between faith and reason by focusing on the death and return of God in modern German thought. It considers, in a historical context, how God can return from the death of God, how religious belief relates to what “reasonable people” might believe, how rational arguments are intertwined with religion and religious arguments in rationality, and whether modernity supplants religion. It also examines the dialogue of faith and reason, and the tensions inhering within the Christian logos, in relation to the processes of secularization and modernization. It argues that the “death of God” is inscribed into Christian identification of God with logos, an identification that makes theology and critical/rational reflection on the divine an inherent necessity. It also claims that the intellectual development of thought about religion and its critique did not unfold in a uniformly progressivist sense.Less
This book explores the connection between faith and reason by focusing on the death and return of God in modern German thought. It considers, in a historical context, how God can return from the death of God, how religious belief relates to what “reasonable people” might believe, how rational arguments are intertwined with religion and religious arguments in rationality, and whether modernity supplants religion. It also examines the dialogue of faith and reason, and the tensions inhering within the Christian logos, in relation to the processes of secularization and modernization. It argues that the “death of God” is inscribed into Christian identification of God with logos, an identification that makes theology and critical/rational reflection on the divine an inherent necessity. It also claims that the intellectual development of thought about religion and its critique did not unfold in a uniformly progressivist sense.
C. Michael Shea
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198802563
- eISBN:
- 9780191840845
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198802563.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter offers an overview of what has become known as the Roman School of theology, a theological movement that was in ascendancy in Rome during the middle decades of the nineteenth century. ...
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This chapter offers an overview of what has become known as the Roman School of theology, a theological movement that was in ascendancy in Rome during the middle decades of the nineteenth century. The chapter explores the Roman School’s central themes, which included ecclesiocentric and ultramontane apologetics, a renewal of positive theology with a focus on patristic sources, as well as a robust and elaborated theology of tradition. Perrone’s distinct vision of faith and reason is presented against the backdrop of this movement and used to highlight the differing ways in which Perrone and those who followed him regarded the writings of Hermes and Bautain. The analysis culminates in the hypothesis that Perrone would have likely looked upon Newman’s work with certain reservations but also with considerable sympathy.Less
This chapter offers an overview of what has become known as the Roman School of theology, a theological movement that was in ascendancy in Rome during the middle decades of the nineteenth century. The chapter explores the Roman School’s central themes, which included ecclesiocentric and ultramontane apologetics, a renewal of positive theology with a focus on patristic sources, as well as a robust and elaborated theology of tradition. Perrone’s distinct vision of faith and reason is presented against the backdrop of this movement and used to highlight the differing ways in which Perrone and those who followed him regarded the writings of Hermes and Bautain. The analysis culminates in the hypothesis that Perrone would have likely looked upon Newman’s work with certain reservations but also with considerable sympathy.
Rainer Forst
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- June 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198794394
- eISBN:
- 9780191835896
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198794394.003.0018
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter compares two Enlightenment theories of religious toleration: the theories of Pierre Bayle and Immanuel Kant. Both Bayle and Kant argued for an autonomous conception of morality as the ...
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This chapter compares two Enlightenment theories of religious toleration: the theories of Pierre Bayle and Immanuel Kant. Both Bayle and Kant argued for an autonomous conception of morality as the ground of reciprocal and universal toleration, but they differed in the ways in which they thought of the relation between faith and reason. The chapter discusses how in that latter regard, a Baylean perspective is superior to a Kantian one, whereas it concludes that the Kantian approach has a better way to connect morality and a politics of public justification when it comes to think about a political regime of toleration.Less
This chapter compares two Enlightenment theories of religious toleration: the theories of Pierre Bayle and Immanuel Kant. Both Bayle and Kant argued for an autonomous conception of morality as the ground of reciprocal and universal toleration, but they differed in the ways in which they thought of the relation between faith and reason. The chapter discusses how in that latter regard, a Baylean perspective is superior to a Kantian one, whereas it concludes that the Kantian approach has a better way to connect morality and a politics of public justification when it comes to think about a political regime of toleration.
Brandon C. Look
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- July 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198783886
- eISBN:
- 9780191826535
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198783886.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This chapter reconsiders the character of Baumgarten’s supposed place in the rationalist tradition by pointing out that the strict opposition usually thought to hold between rationalism, empiricism, ...
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This chapter reconsiders the character of Baumgarten’s supposed place in the rationalist tradition by pointing out that the strict opposition usually thought to hold between rationalism, empiricism, and theologically based philosophies in the eighteenth century tends to obscure the complexity of much of the thought of this period. In particular, Look examines the historical context and substance of Baumgarten’s thought, focusing on the principle of sufficient reason and Baumgarten’s definition of philosophy, and shows how in various ways the Metaphysics seeks to unify strands from all three traditions.Less
This chapter reconsiders the character of Baumgarten’s supposed place in the rationalist tradition by pointing out that the strict opposition usually thought to hold between rationalism, empiricism, and theologically based philosophies in the eighteenth century tends to obscure the complexity of much of the thought of this period. In particular, Look examines the historical context and substance of Baumgarten’s thought, focusing on the principle of sufficient reason and Baumgarten’s definition of philosophy, and shows how in various ways the Metaphysics seeks to unify strands from all three traditions.
C. Michael Shea
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198802563
- eISBN:
- 9780191840845
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198802563.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter builds on the conceptual analyses in previous sections and examines Newman’s written and oral strategies for defending his Essay on Development and writings on faith in reason while he ...
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This chapter builds on the conceptual analyses in previous sections and examines Newman’s written and oral strategies for defending his Essay on Development and writings on faith in reason while he was in Rome as a seminary student in 1846 and 1847. The chapter focuses on the composition, which has later become known as the “Theses de fide” as well as on his proposed introduction to the French edition of the Oxford University Sermons, and Newman’s reliance on Perrone’s writings in these drafts. The chapter additionally explores the Jesuit theologian Giacomo Mazio’s public and private maneuvers in introducing Newman to important authorities and advocating for his theory of doctrinal development.Less
This chapter builds on the conceptual analyses in previous sections and examines Newman’s written and oral strategies for defending his Essay on Development and writings on faith in reason while he was in Rome as a seminary student in 1846 and 1847. The chapter focuses on the composition, which has later become known as the “Theses de fide” as well as on his proposed introduction to the French edition of the Oxford University Sermons, and Newman’s reliance on Perrone’s writings in these drafts. The chapter additionally explores the Jesuit theologian Giacomo Mazio’s public and private maneuvers in introducing Newman to important authorities and advocating for his theory of doctrinal development.
Robert Audi
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199669776
- eISBN:
- 9780191778650
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199669776.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter has three main aims: first, to distinguish between different kinds and degrees of moral disagreement, particularly between disagreements in reasons and disagreements on reasons; second, ...
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This chapter has three main aims: first, to distinguish between different kinds and degrees of moral disagreement, particularly between disagreements in reasons and disagreements on reasons; second, to show how, in both moral and non-moral disputes, rational disagreement is possible even on self-evident propositions; and third, to sketch a conception of disagreement between rational parties that bears on the problem of religious diversity as a challenge to philosophical theology. Disagreement in moral matters has long been considered a challenge to objectivist ethical theories, and the difficulty of resolving such disagreement appears to support skepticism about the possibility of knowledge, and even of justification, regarding religious beliefs, religious faith, and religious conduct. The chapter explores rational disagreements of many kinds and concludes with an assessment of how, given what we learn from examining them, objectivity can be plausibly claimed in normative matters.Less
This chapter has three main aims: first, to distinguish between different kinds and degrees of moral disagreement, particularly between disagreements in reasons and disagreements on reasons; second, to show how, in both moral and non-moral disputes, rational disagreement is possible even on self-evident propositions; and third, to sketch a conception of disagreement between rational parties that bears on the problem of religious diversity as a challenge to philosophical theology. Disagreement in moral matters has long been considered a challenge to objectivist ethical theories, and the difficulty of resolving such disagreement appears to support skepticism about the possibility of knowledge, and even of justification, regarding religious beliefs, religious faith, and religious conduct. The chapter explores rational disagreements of many kinds and concludes with an assessment of how, given what we learn from examining them, objectivity can be plausibly claimed in normative matters.
Andrew Steane
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- July 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198824589
- eISBN:
- 9780191863370
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198824589.003.0011
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
The chapter discusses the subject of values and moral judgement. This begins with what is meant by values, and whether or not they can be objective and absolute. The main business of the chapter is ...
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The chapter discusses the subject of values and moral judgement. This begins with what is meant by values, and whether or not they can be objective and absolute. The main business of the chapter is to present a philosophical argument about the nature of this area. The argument shows that the existence of a standard which can properly command the allegiance of all free agents can be neither proved nor disproved using the tools of reason and logic. It is argued that the absence of such a standard would tend towards isolation of individuals from one another. Finally, it is pointed out that what people are most drawn to and value highest is not well captured in terms of purely impersonal abstractions. This is a pointer towards the journey beyond atheism. The interplay of reason and faith is then discussed.Less
The chapter discusses the subject of values and moral judgement. This begins with what is meant by values, and whether or not they can be objective and absolute. The main business of the chapter is to present a philosophical argument about the nature of this area. The argument shows that the existence of a standard which can properly command the allegiance of all free agents can be neither proved nor disproved using the tools of reason and logic. It is argued that the absence of such a standard would tend towards isolation of individuals from one another. Finally, it is pointed out that what people are most drawn to and value highest is not well captured in terms of purely impersonal abstractions. This is a pointer towards the journey beyond atheism. The interplay of reason and faith is then discussed.
T. M. Rudavsky
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- August 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780199580903
- eISBN:
- 9780191862892
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199580903.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
Chapter 3 focuses upon the nature of science, and what it is that scholars are looking for when discussing the tension between science and Judaism. The focus is on the epistemological methods ...
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Chapter 3 focuses upon the nature of science, and what it is that scholars are looking for when discussing the tension between science and Judaism. The focus is on the epistemological methods introduced by Jewish philosophers in grappling with the tensions between Athens and Jerusalem, between the domains of faith and reason, between Judaism and science broadly conceived. Not surprisingly, these methods, which emphasize the importance of Aristotelian demonstration, are often stated explicitly in the introductions and prefaces to the major works of medieval Jewish philosophers. Reading these introductions carefully will provide scholars with a means of viewing how these philosophers position their works against the backdrop of a wider scientific community. The chapter ends with the issue of heresy with respect to Spinoza, who in the seventeenth century tested the limits of faith.Less
Chapter 3 focuses upon the nature of science, and what it is that scholars are looking for when discussing the tension between science and Judaism. The focus is on the epistemological methods introduced by Jewish philosophers in grappling with the tensions between Athens and Jerusalem, between the domains of faith and reason, between Judaism and science broadly conceived. Not surprisingly, these methods, which emphasize the importance of Aristotelian demonstration, are often stated explicitly in the introductions and prefaces to the major works of medieval Jewish philosophers. Reading these introductions carefully will provide scholars with a means of viewing how these philosophers position their works against the backdrop of a wider scientific community. The chapter ends with the issue of heresy with respect to Spinoza, who in the seventeenth century tested the limits of faith.
Gregg Lambert
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781474413909
- eISBN:
- 9781474422352
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474413909.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This statement returns to provide a close reading of Derrida’s seminal lecture “Faith and Reason” in order to situate the different senses of religion that could be said to be returning today.
This statement returns to provide a close reading of Derrida’s seminal lecture “Faith and Reason” in order to situate the different senses of religion that could be said to be returning today.
