Lisa Jordan and Christopher H. Chamberlain
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195125788
- eISBN:
- 9780199832927
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195125789.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Besieged by political pressure, financial hardship, and legal exposure, the extractive industries have been deeply affected by the public campaigns waged against them. This chapter provides an ...
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Besieged by political pressure, financial hardship, and legal exposure, the extractive industries have been deeply affected by the public campaigns waged against them. This chapter provides an overview of the political battles that stem from environmentally and socially destructive resource extraction. The authors illustrate some of the ways in which the public – including local affected communities, nongovernmental organizations and consumers in the developed countries – express their concerns and seek to reduce the social and environmental costs of the extractive industries.Less
Besieged by political pressure, financial hardship, and legal exposure, the extractive industries have been deeply affected by the public campaigns waged against them. This chapter provides an overview of the political battles that stem from environmentally and socially destructive resource extraction. The authors illustrate some of the ways in which the public – including local affected communities, nongovernmental organizations and consumers in the developed countries – express their concerns and seek to reduce the social and environmental costs of the extractive industries.
Bernadette Dia Kamgnia and Victor Murinde
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781447328537
- eISBN:
- 9781447328551
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447328537.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
The youth in Africa, as elsewhere, have aspirations to become active citizens and contribute to the development of the continent. Unfortunately, the African youth are among the 75 million of 15 to ...
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The youth in Africa, as elsewhere, have aspirations to become active citizens and contribute to the development of the continent. Unfortunately, the African youth are among the 75 million of 15 to 24-year-olds globally that the ILO indicates are looking for a job, and not to be excluded from the 262 million of young people that the World Bank surveys describe as economically inactive in emerging economies. Young people face several challenges when entering the labour market, particularly in developing economies. Not only do they need to find a job, and preferably one that corresponds to their level of qualifications, but also they want to develop a foundation for a lasting, stable employment relationship that helps them to progress in life. Africa’s youths are firmly entrenched in the group. This chapter analyses the role of extractive industries in job creation for the youth in Africa. The structure of youth unemployment is first presented, followed by an analysis of the human resources contradictions in extractive industries. Strategies to unleash job opportunities in extractive industries are finally appreciated. What should be the nature of industrial and other policies that can generate job-based growth?Less
The youth in Africa, as elsewhere, have aspirations to become active citizens and contribute to the development of the continent. Unfortunately, the African youth are among the 75 million of 15 to 24-year-olds globally that the ILO indicates are looking for a job, and not to be excluded from the 262 million of young people that the World Bank surveys describe as economically inactive in emerging economies. Young people face several challenges when entering the labour market, particularly in developing economies. Not only do they need to find a job, and preferably one that corresponds to their level of qualifications, but also they want to develop a foundation for a lasting, stable employment relationship that helps them to progress in life. Africa’s youths are firmly entrenched in the group. This chapter analyses the role of extractive industries in job creation for the youth in Africa. The structure of youth unemployment is first presented, followed by an analysis of the human resources contradictions in extractive industries. Strategies to unleash job opportunities in extractive industries are finally appreciated. What should be the nature of industrial and other policies that can generate job-based growth?
Ian A. Bowles and Glenn T. Prickett (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195125788
- eISBN:
- 9780199832927
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195125789.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Over the past several decades, tropical rain forests have seen a tremendous growth in logging, mining, and oil and gas development. These extractive industries, as well as the infrastructure ...
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Over the past several decades, tropical rain forests have seen a tremendous growth in logging, mining, and oil and gas development. These extractive industries, as well as the infrastructure associated with them – roads, pipelines, and transmission lines – have had a significant environmental impact worldwide and often conflict with the growing concern for conservation of tropical biodiversity. Even though extractive industries are threatening the last undisturbed tropical ecosystems of the planet, developing countries in these regions rely heavily on revenue generated from resource extraction, and development of delicate ecosystems will continue in spite of its controversial nature. This book examines the technical, environmental, social, and legal issues related to the development of modern infrastructure and resource extraction in tropical forests. Through a variety of case studies, this volume examines the environmental practices of natural resource companies and biodiversity‐conservation agencies.Less
Over the past several decades, tropical rain forests have seen a tremendous growth in logging, mining, and oil and gas development. These extractive industries, as well as the infrastructure associated with them – roads, pipelines, and transmission lines – have had a significant environmental impact worldwide and often conflict with the growing concern for conservation of tropical biodiversity. Even though extractive industries are threatening the last undisturbed tropical ecosystems of the planet, developing countries in these regions rely heavily on revenue generated from resource extraction, and development of delicate ecosystems will continue in spite of its controversial nature. This book examines the technical, environmental, social, and legal issues related to the development of modern infrastructure and resource extraction in tropical forests. Through a variety of case studies, this volume examines the environmental practices of natural resource companies and biodiversity‐conservation agencies.
Keith Slack
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198817369
- eISBN:
- 9780191858871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0031
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Civil society organizations have played various roles in promoting the capture of benefits from and protection against the negative impacts of extractive industries. Payment disclosure is one ...
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Civil society organizations have played various roles in promoting the capture of benefits from and protection against the negative impacts of extractive industries. Payment disclosure is one potentially powerful tool for such organizations to promote greater local benefit capture. Practitioners and academics have noted, however, that transparency alone does not equate to accountability. This is true in the extractive sectors, where political dynamics pose serious obstacles. The cases of Ghana and Peru provide examples of these dynamics. Strategies for overcoming them include strengthening the technical capacity of civil society organizations, providing civic education, targeting interventions better, and learning more deeply from positive examples.Less
Civil society organizations have played various roles in promoting the capture of benefits from and protection against the negative impacts of extractive industries. Payment disclosure is one potentially powerful tool for such organizations to promote greater local benefit capture. Practitioners and academics have noted, however, that transparency alone does not equate to accountability. This is true in the extractive sectors, where political dynamics pose serious obstacles. The cases of Ghana and Peru provide examples of these dynamics. Strategies for overcoming them include strengthening the technical capacity of civil society organizations, providing civic education, targeting interventions better, and learning more deeply from positive examples.
Alstine James Van
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262027410
- eISBN:
- 9780262320856
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262027410.003.0011
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
In this chapter, James Van Alstine focuses on the dynamics of transparency in the extractive industry sector and in global energy governance. He examines the Extractive Industries Transparency ...
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In this chapter, James Van Alstine focuses on the dynamics of transparency in the extractive industry sector and in global energy governance. He examines the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) and Publish What You Pay campaign (PWYP), both of which target private actors investing in resource-rich developing countries to reveal payments to host governments to exploit oil, gas, and mineral resources. Van Alstine’s analysis highlights how, given increasing concerns about the societal impacts of the extractive industries, a discursive shift embracing transparency has occurred within the international community and some resource-rich governments. Using the specific case of oil revenue disclosure in Ghana, he highlights the hybrid (mandatory-voluntary) character, and rescaling of sovereignty and authority that shape transparency’s effects in this case. As he documents, these effects are mediated by the challenges to disclosure posed by the unique material qualities of oil, as compared to other extractive resources.Less
In this chapter, James Van Alstine focuses on the dynamics of transparency in the extractive industry sector and in global energy governance. He examines the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) and Publish What You Pay campaign (PWYP), both of which target private actors investing in resource-rich developing countries to reveal payments to host governments to exploit oil, gas, and mineral resources. Van Alstine’s analysis highlights how, given increasing concerns about the societal impacts of the extractive industries, a discursive shift embracing transparency has occurred within the international community and some resource-rich governments. Using the specific case of oil revenue disclosure in Ghana, he highlights the hybrid (mandatory-voluntary) character, and rescaling of sovereignty and authority that shape transparency’s effects in this case. As he documents, these effects are mediated by the challenges to disclosure posed by the unique material qualities of oil, as compared to other extractive resources.
Tony Addison and Alan Roe (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198817369
- eISBN:
- 9780191858871
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198817369.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This book is about the challenges and opportunities facing developing countries in using their extractive industries (oil and gas and mining) to achieve inclusive and sustainable development. While ...
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This book is about the challenges and opportunities facing developing countries in using their extractive industries (oil and gas and mining) to achieve inclusive and sustainable development. While resource wealth can yield prosperity, it can also cause acute social inequality, deep poverty, environmental damage, and political instability. There is a new determination to improve the benefits of extractive industries to their host countries, and to strengthen the sector’s governance. The book provides a comprehensive contribution to a debate on what must be done for the extractive industries to deliver development, protect often-fragile environments from damage, enhance the rights of affected communities (and the benefits to them), and support climate change action (as the world transitions away from fossil fuels). That debate has many participants: governments of resource-abundant countries; extractives companies (together with their industry associations); community-based organizations (and their NGO and INGO partners); bilateral and multilateral development agencies; the national and international media; and the research community in universities and think tanks. New initiatives all recognize that resource wealth can provide a means for poorer nations to decisively break with poverty—by diversifying economies and funding development spending. This book offers ideas and recommendations in the main policy areas as it brings together international experts from many disciplines and organizations. From this collective insight and experience, the book concludes that more attention must be given to the development role of extractive industries, and looks to the future as action on climate change will shape the prospects for the sector.Less
This book is about the challenges and opportunities facing developing countries in using their extractive industries (oil and gas and mining) to achieve inclusive and sustainable development. While resource wealth can yield prosperity, it can also cause acute social inequality, deep poverty, environmental damage, and political instability. There is a new determination to improve the benefits of extractive industries to their host countries, and to strengthen the sector’s governance. The book provides a comprehensive contribution to a debate on what must be done for the extractive industries to deliver development, protect often-fragile environments from damage, enhance the rights of affected communities (and the benefits to them), and support climate change action (as the world transitions away from fossil fuels). That debate has many participants: governments of resource-abundant countries; extractives companies (together with their industry associations); community-based organizations (and their NGO and INGO partners); bilateral and multilateral development agencies; the national and international media; and the research community in universities and think tanks. New initiatives all recognize that resource wealth can provide a means for poorer nations to decisively break with poverty—by diversifying economies and funding development spending. This book offers ideas and recommendations in the main policy areas as it brings together international experts from many disciplines and organizations. From this collective insight and experience, the book concludes that more attention must be given to the development role of extractive industries, and looks to the future as action on climate change will shape the prospects for the sector.
Cecily Rose
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198737216
- eISBN:
- 9780191800726
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198737216.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Law of Obligations
This chapter examines the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, which emerged in 2003 to tackle the corruption, poverty, and conflict associated with natural resource wealth. EITI has ...
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This chapter examines the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, which emerged in 2003 to tackle the corruption, poverty, and conflict associated with natural resource wealth. EITI has created and successively revised a set of international norms on revenue transparency, which take the form of the EITI Standard. These non-binding revenue transparency norms have not only been implemented by participating States, but they have also influenced the legal systems of non-participating States, by virtue of the 2013 European Union Transparency and Accounting Directives. EITI’s status as a multi-stakeholder initiative has greatly enhanced its inclusiveness, as States as well as private sector entities and civil society organizations participate in the Initiative. But EITI’s inclusiveness has also diminished the effectiveness of the Standard. The Standard’s narrow focus on revenue transparency, as opposed to the transparency of contracts and expenditures, may limit its ability to reduce the grand corruption typically associated with the extractive industries.Less
This chapter examines the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, which emerged in 2003 to tackle the corruption, poverty, and conflict associated with natural resource wealth. EITI has created and successively revised a set of international norms on revenue transparency, which take the form of the EITI Standard. These non-binding revenue transparency norms have not only been implemented by participating States, but they have also influenced the legal systems of non-participating States, by virtue of the 2013 European Union Transparency and Accounting Directives. EITI’s status as a multi-stakeholder initiative has greatly enhanced its inclusiveness, as States as well as private sector entities and civil society organizations participate in the Initiative. But EITI’s inclusiveness has also diminished the effectiveness of the Standard. The Standard’s narrow focus on revenue transparency, as opposed to the transparency of contracts and expenditures, may limit its ability to reduce the grand corruption typically associated with the extractive industries.
Anthony Bebbington, Abdul-Gafaru Abdulai, Denise Humphreys Bebbington, Marja Hinfelaar, Cynthia A. Sanborn, Jessica Achberger, Celina Grisi Huber, Verónica Hurtado, Tania Ramírez, and Scott D. Odell
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- July 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198820932
- eISBN:
- 9780191860478
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198820932.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter synthesizes findings from Bolivia, Ghana, Peru, and Zambia. It concludes that political settlements influence the relationships between resource-dependent economies and patterns of ...
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This chapter synthesizes findings from Bolivia, Ghana, Peru, and Zambia. It concludes that political settlements influence the relationships between resource-dependent economies and patterns of social inclusion. However, neither authoritarian, dominant leader forms of politics, nor competitive democratic politics has fostered significant economic diversification or reduced levels of resource dependence. The extractive economy does, however, influence the dynamics of national political settlements. The rents that resource extraction makes possible, and the high cost of engaging in extractive industries, induce asymmetries and create incentives for political exclusion. Colonial and post-colonial histories of resource extraction give political valence to ideas that have helped mobilize actors who have challenged relations of power and institutional arrangements. The materiality of subsoil resources has direct implications for subnational forms of holding power that can influence resource access and control. Mineral and hydrocarbon economies bring both transnational and local political actors into the constitution of national political settlements.Less
This chapter synthesizes findings from Bolivia, Ghana, Peru, and Zambia. It concludes that political settlements influence the relationships between resource-dependent economies and patterns of social inclusion. However, neither authoritarian, dominant leader forms of politics, nor competitive democratic politics has fostered significant economic diversification or reduced levels of resource dependence. The extractive economy does, however, influence the dynamics of national political settlements. The rents that resource extraction makes possible, and the high cost of engaging in extractive industries, induce asymmetries and create incentives for political exclusion. Colonial and post-colonial histories of resource extraction give political valence to ideas that have helped mobilize actors who have challenged relations of power and institutional arrangements. The materiality of subsoil resources has direct implications for subnational forms of holding power that can influence resource access and control. Mineral and hydrocarbon economies bring both transnational and local political actors into the constitution of national political settlements.
Catherine Macdonald
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198817369
- eISBN:
- 9780191858871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0021
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Recognizing that women’s participation is necessary for the achievement of sustainable development, extractives industry companies are increasingly committed to integrating gender equality and ...
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Recognizing that women’s participation is necessary for the achievement of sustainable development, extractives industry companies are increasingly committed to integrating gender equality and women’s economic empowerment into aspects of their operations. This chapter reviews recent literature on gender and the extractive industries and considers the following questions emerging from the scholarship. How is gender understood in the extractives sector and has this changed over time? What are the gendered impacts of the extractive industries? Are women passive victims of the sector rather than active participants or even resisters to industrial expansion? What is the nature of extractives-associated sex work and gender-based violence in various settings? In addition, the chapter evaluates industry efforts towards achieving improved gender balance in the sector.Less
Recognizing that women’s participation is necessary for the achievement of sustainable development, extractives industry companies are increasingly committed to integrating gender equality and women’s economic empowerment into aspects of their operations. This chapter reviews recent literature on gender and the extractive industries and considers the following questions emerging from the scholarship. How is gender understood in the extractives sector and has this changed over time? What are the gendered impacts of the extractive industries? Are women passive victims of the sector rather than active participants or even resisters to industrial expansion? What is the nature of extractives-associated sex work and gender-based violence in various settings? In addition, the chapter evaluates industry efforts towards achieving improved gender balance in the sector.
Olle Östensson
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198817369
- eISBN:
- 9780191858871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0024
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Local content policies for extractive industries have attracted increased interest. Local content requirements are often included in legislation or contracts. Such efforts may be constrained by low ...
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Local content policies for extractive industries have attracted increased interest. Local content requirements are often included in legislation or contracts. Such efforts may be constrained by low capacity of potential suppliers, low skills, and the general business environment. A number of extractive industry companies have introduced supplier development programmes that attempt to reduce the constraints and skill gaps. Government industrial policies on local content vary: some prescribe quantitative targets for local content, while others focus on improving skills and raising the capacity of domestic industry. Infrastructure built for extractive industries can often be used by other economic activities. Difficulties in finding suitable financing arrangements have, however, limited the number of successful multi-user extractive industry-related infrastructure projects.Less
Local content policies for extractive industries have attracted increased interest. Local content requirements are often included in legislation or contracts. Such efforts may be constrained by low capacity of potential suppliers, low skills, and the general business environment. A number of extractive industry companies have introduced supplier development programmes that attempt to reduce the constraints and skill gaps. Government industrial policies on local content vary: some prescribe quantitative targets for local content, while others focus on improving skills and raising the capacity of domestic industry. Infrastructure built for extractive industries can often be used by other economic activities. Difficulties in finding suitable financing arrangements have, however, limited the number of successful multi-user extractive industry-related infrastructure projects.
Murat Arsel, Lorenzo Pellegrini, and Carlos F. Mena
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- March 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198832317
- eISBN:
- 9780191870965
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198832317.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Why do some residents of the Ecuadorian Amazon support the expansion of oil extraction in their communities even when they believe that the impact of extractive industries on their communities and ...
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Why do some residents of the Ecuadorian Amazon support the expansion of oil extraction in their communities even when they believe that the impact of extractive industries on their communities and families has been negative, environmentally as well as economically? Building on nearly a decade of participatory research in the region, this chapter contextualizes this paradoxical choice within Ecuador’s encounter with oil extraction, which has not only failed to deliver the anticipated economic miracle but also resulted in a variety of immiserizing effects, be they economic, cultural, or ecological. Caught between the state whose functions are governed by an ‘extractive imperative’ and the oil sector whose presence is overwhelming, indigenous and peasant communities have not scored meaningful gains either by protesting against these dominant actors or by engaging with the much vaunted but ultimately ineffective concept of buen vivir (living well). The chapter argues that immiserization in this context is best understood as the absence of meaningful pathways to socio-economic development which force the eponymous Maria to choose intensified extraction despite the sector’s pervasive negative impacts on her family and community.Less
Why do some residents of the Ecuadorian Amazon support the expansion of oil extraction in their communities even when they believe that the impact of extractive industries on their communities and families has been negative, environmentally as well as economically? Building on nearly a decade of participatory research in the region, this chapter contextualizes this paradoxical choice within Ecuador’s encounter with oil extraction, which has not only failed to deliver the anticipated economic miracle but also resulted in a variety of immiserizing effects, be they economic, cultural, or ecological. Caught between the state whose functions are governed by an ‘extractive imperative’ and the oil sector whose presence is overwhelming, indigenous and peasant communities have not scored meaningful gains either by protesting against these dominant actors or by engaging with the much vaunted but ultimately ineffective concept of buen vivir (living well). The chapter argues that immiserization in this context is best understood as the absence of meaningful pathways to socio-economic development which force the eponymous Maria to choose intensified extraction despite the sector’s pervasive negative impacts on her family and community.
Kathryn Tomlinson
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198817369
- eISBN:
- 9780191858871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0020
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter provides an overview of social and environmental performance and management practices in the oil and gas industries, outlining the evolution of international companies’ approaches over ...
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This chapter provides an overview of social and environmental performance and management practices in the oil and gas industries, outlining the evolution of international companies’ approaches over the last twenty years within the wider extractive industries context. The chapter reviews what social and environmental management amongst such companies means in practice, and highlights some of the unresolved issues emerging. While most companies now model their approach to social and environmental management on international norms, they face a variety of drivers to their practices. These range from complying with international standards in order to gain access to finance, to complying with new host country legislation and regulation, and gaining and maintaining a good reputation and a ‘social licence to operate’. This chapter argues that the complexity of these drivers problematizes the portrayal of the industry’s social and environmental performance as ‘voluntary’ corporate social responsibility, and renders the latter term somewhat misleading.Less
This chapter provides an overview of social and environmental performance and management practices in the oil and gas industries, outlining the evolution of international companies’ approaches over the last twenty years within the wider extractive industries context. The chapter reviews what social and environmental management amongst such companies means in practice, and highlights some of the unresolved issues emerging. While most companies now model their approach to social and environmental management on international norms, they face a variety of drivers to their practices. These range from complying with international standards in order to gain access to finance, to complying with new host country legislation and regulation, and gaining and maintaining a good reputation and a ‘social licence to operate’. This chapter argues that the complexity of these drivers problematizes the portrayal of the industry’s social and environmental performance as ‘voluntary’ corporate social responsibility, and renders the latter term somewhat misleading.
Philippe Le Billon
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- December 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199333462
- eISBN:
- 9780190235673
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199333462.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
This chapter presents several proposals for resource sectors to contribute to peacebuilding. It first discusses proposals relevant to resource exploitation management, focusing on the potential ...
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This chapter presents several proposals for resource sectors to contribute to peacebuilding. It first discusses proposals relevant to resource exploitation management, focusing on the potential contributions of peacekeeping missions as well as the prevention of resource-related land conflicts and the promotion of domestic entrepreneurship and employment. It then deals with the management of resource revenues, the recovery of looted wealth, post-conflict resource contract renegotiations, direct revenue disbursement to the population, and the creation of special funds. It finally engages with resource governance more broadly, focusing on relevant international initiatives such as the Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (EITI). Various policy options, their prioritization and timing are discussed.Less
This chapter presents several proposals for resource sectors to contribute to peacebuilding. It first discusses proposals relevant to resource exploitation management, focusing on the potential contributions of peacekeeping missions as well as the prevention of resource-related land conflicts and the promotion of domestic entrepreneurship and employment. It then deals with the management of resource revenues, the recovery of looted wealth, post-conflict resource contract renegotiations, direct revenue disbursement to the population, and the creation of special funds. It finally engages with resource governance more broadly, focusing on relevant international initiatives such as the Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (EITI). Various policy options, their prioritization and timing are discussed.
Peter Rosenblum
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226244273
- eISBN:
- 9780226244440
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226244440.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
This chapter provides an overview of corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies employed by industry as well as activist networks and draws out aspects of the apparel and extractive sector's ...
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This chapter provides an overview of corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies employed by industry as well as activist networks and draws out aspects of the apparel and extractive sector's CSR struggles. Because of their centrality to the evolution of CSR and for what they suggest about strengths and weaknesses in systems of redress, these industries require critical examination. This chapter argues that standards do not function in isolation, despite all the effort to create systems of monitoring, policing and enforcing them. When standards do work, it is because of external forces like local law enforcement or the continuing efforts of journalists and NGOs that act outside the agreed structures. The chapter concludes with a recent case study that accentuates the limitations of CSR. It describes the case of an extraordinary CSR-driven investment project and how owners and investors managed to avoid fulfilling any of its commitments until it was confronted.Less
This chapter provides an overview of corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies employed by industry as well as activist networks and draws out aspects of the apparel and extractive sector's CSR struggles. Because of their centrality to the evolution of CSR and for what they suggest about strengths and weaknesses in systems of redress, these industries require critical examination. This chapter argues that standards do not function in isolation, despite all the effort to create systems of monitoring, policing and enforcing them. When standards do work, it is because of external forces like local law enforcement or the continuing efforts of journalists and NGOs that act outside the agreed structures. The chapter concludes with a recent case study that accentuates the limitations of CSR. It describes the case of an extraordinary CSR-driven investment project and how owners and investors managed to avoid fulfilling any of its commitments until it was confronted.
Evelyn Dietsche and Maria Esteves
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- March 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198851172
- eISBN:
- 9780191885914
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
In recent years, Mozambique has made international headlines for the significant hydrocarbon deposits found offshore. These have increased the country’s extractive resource endowments, in addition to ...
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In recent years, Mozambique has made international headlines for the significant hydrocarbon deposits found offshore. These have increased the country’s extractive resource endowments, in addition to its mining and onshore natural gas sector. It is expected that these industries will contribute to economic diversification and social development, not least by means of procuring locally produced goods and services and hiring Mozambicans. A key factor to achieve this is building domestic capital—in people, institutions, and infrastructure. Looking at the policy environment, this chapter argues that the prospects are extremely challenging for ‘local content’ to provide the link between the extractive industries and the economic diversification of the local economy. The country needs institutional changes that support broader and rural-focused private sector development.Less
In recent years, Mozambique has made international headlines for the significant hydrocarbon deposits found offshore. These have increased the country’s extractive resource endowments, in addition to its mining and onshore natural gas sector. It is expected that these industries will contribute to economic diversification and social development, not least by means of procuring locally produced goods and services and hiring Mozambicans. A key factor to achieve this is building domestic capital—in people, institutions, and infrastructure. Looking at the policy environment, this chapter argues that the prospects are extremely challenging for ‘local content’ to provide the link between the extractive industries and the economic diversification of the local economy. The country needs institutional changes that support broader and rural-focused private sector development.
Mia Ellis and Margaret McMillan
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- March 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198851172
- eISBN:
- 9780191885914
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0013
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Tanzania is rich with natural resources, which have significant potential to contribute to the country’s economic development. Several laws recently passed in Tanzania are dedicated to establishing ...
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Tanzania is rich with natural resources, which have significant potential to contribute to the country’s economic development. Several laws recently passed in Tanzania are dedicated to establishing linkages between foreign firms in natural resource extraction and the local economy. This chapter documents this legislation and the institutions set up to enforce and monitor these laws. Effectiveness of local content legislation and the potential for firms in the mining sector to contribute to local development are then evaluated using a combination of qualitative and quantitative evidence. The chapter next uses existing data to explore trends in local content and the estimate the value of local content in the mining sector; this exercise highlights the need for improved data. We then examine other developing countries’ experiences with local content legislation, drawing lessons for Tanzania.Less
Tanzania is rich with natural resources, which have significant potential to contribute to the country’s economic development. Several laws recently passed in Tanzania are dedicated to establishing linkages between foreign firms in natural resource extraction and the local economy. This chapter documents this legislation and the institutions set up to enforce and monitor these laws. Effectiveness of local content legislation and the potential for firms in the mining sector to contribute to local development are then evaluated using a combination of qualitative and quantitative evidence. The chapter next uses existing data to explore trends in local content and the estimate the value of local content in the mining sector; this exercise highlights the need for improved data. We then examine other developing countries’ experiences with local content legislation, drawing lessons for Tanzania.
Anthony Bebbington, Abdul-Gafaru Abdulai, Denise Humphreys Bebbington, Marja Hinfelaar, and Cynthia Sanborn
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- July 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198820932
- eISBN:
- 9780191860478
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198820932.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Proposals for more effective natural resource governance emphasize the importance of institutions and governance, but say less about the political conditions under which institutional change occurs. ...
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Proposals for more effective natural resource governance emphasize the importance of institutions and governance, but say less about the political conditions under which institutional change occurs. This book synthesizes findings regarding the political drivers of institutional change in extractive industry governance. The authors analyse resource governance from the late nineteenth century to the present in Bolivia, Ghana, Peru, and Zambia. They focus on the ways in which resource governance and national political settlements interact. Special attention is paid to the nature of elite politics, the emergence of new political actors, forms of political contention, changing ideas regarding natural resources and development, the geography of natural resource deposits, and the influence of the transnational political economy of global commodity production. National elites and subnational actors are in continuous contention over extractive industry governance. Resource rents are used by elites to manage this contention and incorporate actors into governing coalitions and overall political settlements. Periodically, new resource frontiers are opened, and new political actors emerge with the power to redefine how extractive industries are governed and used as instruments for development. Colonial and post-colonial histories of resource extraction continue to give political valence to ideas of resource nationalism that mobilize actors who challenge existing institutional arrangements. The book is innovative in its focus on the political longue durée, and the use of in-depth, comparative, country-level analysis in Africa and Latin America, to build a theoretical argument that accounts for both similarity and divergence between these regions.Less
Proposals for more effective natural resource governance emphasize the importance of institutions and governance, but say less about the political conditions under which institutional change occurs. This book synthesizes findings regarding the political drivers of institutional change in extractive industry governance. The authors analyse resource governance from the late nineteenth century to the present in Bolivia, Ghana, Peru, and Zambia. They focus on the ways in which resource governance and national political settlements interact. Special attention is paid to the nature of elite politics, the emergence of new political actors, forms of political contention, changing ideas regarding natural resources and development, the geography of natural resource deposits, and the influence of the transnational political economy of global commodity production. National elites and subnational actors are in continuous contention over extractive industry governance. Resource rents are used by elites to manage this contention and incorporate actors into governing coalitions and overall political settlements. Periodically, new resource frontiers are opened, and new political actors emerge with the power to redefine how extractive industries are governed and used as instruments for development. Colonial and post-colonial histories of resource extraction continue to give political valence to ideas of resource nationalism that mobilize actors who challenge existing institutional arrangements. The book is innovative in its focus on the political longue durée, and the use of in-depth, comparative, country-level analysis in Africa and Latin America, to build a theoretical argument that accounts for both similarity and divergence between these regions.
Tony Addison and Alan Roe
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198817369
- eISBN:
- 9780191858871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Countries face both challenges and opportunities in using their extractive industries to achieve more inclusive development—particularly in the developing world. Extractive industries have shaped ...
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Countries face both challenges and opportunities in using their extractive industries to achieve more inclusive development—particularly in the developing world. Extractive industries have shaped economies, societies, and politics of nations—for good and bad. Today’s wealthiest nations owe a part of their high living standards to the extractive industries. Yet while a large national income can result from resource wealth, it can also be associated with acute social inequality and deep poverty—the polar opposite of inclusive development. Many developing countries struggle to diversify their economies, and create redistributive fiscal systems, in ways that reduce poverty, inequality, and social division. The very worst cases see violent conflict and civil war. The expression ‘resource curse’ has in turn become common coin. This chapter lays out the framework of the book for the reader, and describes the motive and contribution of the individual chapters to the narrative thread woven throughout.Less
Countries face both challenges and opportunities in using their extractive industries to achieve more inclusive development—particularly in the developing world. Extractive industries have shaped economies, societies, and politics of nations—for good and bad. Today’s wealthiest nations owe a part of their high living standards to the extractive industries. Yet while a large national income can result from resource wealth, it can also be associated with acute social inequality and deep poverty—the polar opposite of inclusive development. Many developing countries struggle to diversify their economies, and create redistributive fiscal systems, in ways that reduce poverty, inequality, and social division. The very worst cases see violent conflict and civil war. The expression ‘resource curse’ has in turn become common coin. This chapter lays out the framework of the book for the reader, and describes the motive and contribution of the individual chapters to the narrative thread woven throughout.
Volker Lehmann
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- March 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198805373
- eISBN:
- 9780191843440
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198805373.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter analyzes the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) as a global governance tool to curb adverse effects of non-renewable natural resource extraction and commodification, ...
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This chapter analyzes the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) as a global governance tool to curb adverse effects of non-renewable natural resource extraction and commodification, and its interlocking challenges for environment, security, and justice. EITI’s premise that transparency in state resource revenues will foster broader societal transformations so far seems illusory. EITI lacks sanctioning mechanisms vis-à-vis participating companies that hinder full transparency, for example by evading the payment of taxes through tax loopholes. Such problems cannot be solved by resource-rich countries alone, but require political intervention by states that host global financial hubs as well as the most powerful multinational resource extraction companies. Going forward, an “EITI Plus” should also include environmental sustainability standards, so it may strengthen, not contradict broader global agreements such as the UN’s Agenda 2030 for sustainable development and the Paris Climate Accord.Less
This chapter analyzes the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) as a global governance tool to curb adverse effects of non-renewable natural resource extraction and commodification, and its interlocking challenges for environment, security, and justice. EITI’s premise that transparency in state resource revenues will foster broader societal transformations so far seems illusory. EITI lacks sanctioning mechanisms vis-à-vis participating companies that hinder full transparency, for example by evading the payment of taxes through tax loopholes. Such problems cannot be solved by resource-rich countries alone, but require political intervention by states that host global financial hubs as well as the most powerful multinational resource extraction companies. Going forward, an “EITI Plus” should also include environmental sustainability standards, so it may strengthen, not contradict broader global agreements such as the UN’s Agenda 2030 for sustainable development and the Paris Climate Accord.
Evelyn Dietsche
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198817369
- eISBN:
- 9780191858871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Industrial policy is back. Advocates for industrial policy argue that the important question is not whether such policies should be applied at all, but how to design and implement them. This chapter ...
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Industrial policy is back. Advocates for industrial policy argue that the important question is not whether such policies should be applied at all, but how to design and implement them. This chapter explores the new debate on industrial policy in relation to the extractive industries and the extractives-led development agenda. First, there is the argument that host countries should reduce their dependence on the extractive resources sector and diversify their economies. But there is little consensus over how countries should go about this. Second, the universal climate agreement reached at the Paris COP21 in November 2015 mandates that all economies have to move towards more sustainable and resource-efficient growth, with (green) industrial policy playing a critical part in achieving this structural transformation. Third, the liberal capitalist system underpinning the current global economy is under pressure with some political forces now making the case for more inward-looking economic policies and protectionism.Less
Industrial policy is back. Advocates for industrial policy argue that the important question is not whether such policies should be applied at all, but how to design and implement them. This chapter explores the new debate on industrial policy in relation to the extractive industries and the extractives-led development agenda. First, there is the argument that host countries should reduce their dependence on the extractive resources sector and diversify their economies. But there is little consensus over how countries should go about this. Second, the universal climate agreement reached at the Paris COP21 in November 2015 mandates that all economies have to move towards more sustainable and resource-efficient growth, with (green) industrial policy playing a critical part in achieving this structural transformation. Third, the liberal capitalist system underpinning the current global economy is under pressure with some political forces now making the case for more inward-looking economic policies and protectionism.
