Diana C. Mutz
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691144511
- eISBN:
- 9781400840489
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691144511.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
This chapter talks about the significance of generalizability. Experimentalists often go to great lengths to argue that student or other convenience samples are not problematic in terms of external ...
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This chapter talks about the significance of generalizability. Experimentalists often go to great lengths to argue that student or other convenience samples are not problematic in terms of external validity. Likewise, a convincing case for causality is often elusive with observational research, no matter how stridently one might argue to the contrary. The conventional wisdom is that experiments are widely valued for their internal validity, and experiments lack external validity. These assumptions are so widespread as to go without question in most disciplines, particularly those emphasizing external validity, such as political science and sociology. But observational studies, such as surveys, are still supposed to be better for purposes of maximizing external validity because this method allows studying people in real world settings.Less
This chapter talks about the significance of generalizability. Experimentalists often go to great lengths to argue that student or other convenience samples are not problematic in terms of external validity. Likewise, a convincing case for causality is often elusive with observational research, no matter how stridently one might argue to the contrary. The conventional wisdom is that experiments are widely valued for their internal validity, and experiments lack external validity. These assumptions are so widespread as to go without question in most disciplines, particularly those emphasizing external validity, such as political science and sociology. But observational studies, such as surveys, are still supposed to be better for purposes of maximizing external validity because this method allows studying people in real world settings.
Michael C. Heller
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520285408
- eISBN:
- 9780520960893
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520285408.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
The New York loft jazz scene of the 1970s was a pivotal period for uncompromising, artist-produced work. Faced with a flagging jazz economy, a group of young avant-garde improvisers chose to eschew ...
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The New York loft jazz scene of the 1970s was a pivotal period for uncompromising, artist-produced work. Faced with a flagging jazz economy, a group of young avant-garde improvisers chose to eschew the commercial sphere and develop alternative venues in the abandoned factories and warehouses of Lower Manhattan. This book provides a study of this period, tracing its history amid a series of overlapping discourses surrounding collectivism, urban renewal, experimentalist aesthetics, underground archives, and the radical politics of self-determination.Less
The New York loft jazz scene of the 1970s was a pivotal period for uncompromising, artist-produced work. Faced with a flagging jazz economy, a group of young avant-garde improvisers chose to eschew the commercial sphere and develop alternative venues in the abandoned factories and warehouses of Lower Manhattan. This book provides a study of this period, tracing its history amid a series of overlapping discourses surrounding collectivism, urban renewal, experimentalist aesthetics, underground archives, and the radical politics of self-determination.
Benjamin Michael Superfine
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195337488
- eISBN:
- 9780199868667
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195337488.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This final chapter offers concluding thoughts about the courts' involvement with standards-based reform. It presents an overview and an analytical summary of the previous chapters to bring together ...
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This final chapter offers concluding thoughts about the courts' involvement with standards-based reform. It presents an overview and an analytical summary of the previous chapters to bring together the analyses presented throughout the book. It examines the implications of the analyses in this book against the backdrop of the courts' historical and more recent involvement with public law litigation in other fields. Based on these analyses, the chapter recommends an approach for the courts to take moving forward and discusses the limitations of this approach. Finally, it offers a few final words about the importance of attending to the courts' continuing role in education policy.Less
This final chapter offers concluding thoughts about the courts' involvement with standards-based reform. It presents an overview and an analytical summary of the previous chapters to bring together the analyses presented throughout the book. It examines the implications of the analyses in this book against the backdrop of the courts' historical and more recent involvement with public law litigation in other fields. Based on these analyses, the chapter recommends an approach for the courts to take moving forward and discusses the limitations of this approach. Finally, it offers a few final words about the importance of attending to the courts' continuing role in education policy.
Larry Stewart
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198515302
- eISBN:
- 9780191705694
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515302.003.0005
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
This chapter looks at the members of the Society in a wider context. It demonstrates the importance of the entire group for historians of 18th-century politics, industry, and society, as well as for ...
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This chapter looks at the members of the Society in a wider context. It demonstrates the importance of the entire group for historians of 18th-century politics, industry, and society, as well as for historians of science. It shows how the membership of the Society reveals the complexity of philosophical connections in the 1780s. The connections among industrialists, experimentalists, and reformers are explored in two ways: by placing the Society amidst the general 18th-century development of coffee-house philosophers and by placing the Society among the many groups who met for ‘improving natural philosophy, by lecture, experiment, and discussion.’ The main nodes of the network revealed by the Society include Edinburgh University and Dr. Joseph Black, London hospitals, Birmingham industry, and the Watts and Wedgwoods.Less
This chapter looks at the members of the Society in a wider context. It demonstrates the importance of the entire group for historians of 18th-century politics, industry, and society, as well as for historians of science. It shows how the membership of the Society reveals the complexity of philosophical connections in the 1780s. The connections among industrialists, experimentalists, and reformers are explored in two ways: by placing the Society amidst the general 18th-century development of coffee-house philosophers and by placing the Society among the many groups who met for ‘improving natural philosophy, by lecture, experiment, and discussion.’ The main nodes of the network revealed by the Society include Edinburgh University and Dr. Joseph Black, London hospitals, Birmingham industry, and the Watts and Wedgwoods.
Ivan Pelant and Jan Valenta
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199588336
- eISBN:
- 9780191738548
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588336.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
Luminescence of semiconductors is nowadays based on very firm background of solid state physics. The purpose of this book is to introduce the reader to the study of the physical principles underlying ...
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Luminescence of semiconductors is nowadays based on very firm background of solid state physics. The purpose of this book is to introduce the reader to the study of the physical principles underlying inorganic semiconductor luminescence phenomena. It guides the reader starting from the very introductory definitions over luminescence of bulk semiconductors and finishing at the up-to-date luminescence spectroscopy of individual nanocrystals. The book thus set the aim of filling the gap between general textbooks on semiconductors and dedicated advanced monographs. At the beginning, important knowledge of the solid state like lattice vibrations, exciton–phonon interaction and the concept of configurational coordinate are reviewed. Self-contained chapters are then devoted to exciton luminescence processes, effects of high optical excitation, and to an overview of the essentials of electroluminescence. Apart from spontaneous luminescence, special attention is paid to stimulated emission and investigation of optical gain. Considerable space is given also to optical processes in low-dimensional semiconductor structures. The book has been written by experimentalists and is destined primarily for experimentalists, too. Visual approach using schemes and graphs is used frequently instead of rigorous mathematical derivation. The chapter devoted to experimental techniques of luminescence spectroscopy is rich in content. Whenever it makes sense, the accent is put on how to extract from the appearance of luminescence emission spectrum (shapes of emission lines, their behaviour with varying experimental parameters) as much information on microscopic origin of luminescence as possible. The book cannot be regarded as a comprehensive monograph on semiconductor luminescence; selected examples from extremely rich literature only have been chosen to illustrate the text.Less
Luminescence of semiconductors is nowadays based on very firm background of solid state physics. The purpose of this book is to introduce the reader to the study of the physical principles underlying inorganic semiconductor luminescence phenomena. It guides the reader starting from the very introductory definitions over luminescence of bulk semiconductors and finishing at the up-to-date luminescence spectroscopy of individual nanocrystals. The book thus set the aim of filling the gap between general textbooks on semiconductors and dedicated advanced monographs. At the beginning, important knowledge of the solid state like lattice vibrations, exciton–phonon interaction and the concept of configurational coordinate are reviewed. Self-contained chapters are then devoted to exciton luminescence processes, effects of high optical excitation, and to an overview of the essentials of electroluminescence. Apart from spontaneous luminescence, special attention is paid to stimulated emission and investigation of optical gain. Considerable space is given also to optical processes in low-dimensional semiconductor structures. The book has been written by experimentalists and is destined primarily for experimentalists, too. Visual approach using schemes and graphs is used frequently instead of rigorous mathematical derivation. The chapter devoted to experimental techniques of luminescence spectroscopy is rich in content. Whenever it makes sense, the accent is put on how to extract from the appearance of luminescence emission spectrum (shapes of emission lines, their behaviour with varying experimental parameters) as much information on microscopic origin of luminescence as possible. The book cannot be regarded as a comprehensive monograph on semiconductor luminescence; selected examples from extremely rich literature only have been chosen to illustrate the text.
Katharine G. Young
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199641932
- eISBN:
- 9780191746086
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199641932.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter commences the study of enforcement in Part II of the book. It examines the challenge of enforcement against the two poles of judicial usurpation and abdication. The first expresses the ...
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This chapter commences the study of enforcement in Part II of the book. It examines the challenge of enforcement against the two poles of judicial usurpation and abdication. The first expresses the fear that judges will usurp the elected branches, by enforcing interpretations of economic and social rights that are neither democratically accountable nor competently devised. The second sees abdication of the judicial role, and the accompanying diminishing of all rights, to be the greater problem. This Chapter departs from these poles by demonstrating the variety of judicial review that accompanies economic and social rights. Drawing on examples from South Africa and the United States, it describes what it calls deferential, conservational, experimentalist, managerial, and peremptory stances of judicial review, which each present different responses to the interpretation of rights, the scrutiny of government, and the control of remedies. This typology is presented as a diagramLess
This chapter commences the study of enforcement in Part II of the book. It examines the challenge of enforcement against the two poles of judicial usurpation and abdication. The first expresses the fear that judges will usurp the elected branches, by enforcing interpretations of economic and social rights that are neither democratically accountable nor competently devised. The second sees abdication of the judicial role, and the accompanying diminishing of all rights, to be the greater problem. This Chapter departs from these poles by demonstrating the variety of judicial review that accompanies economic and social rights. Drawing on examples from South Africa and the United States, it describes what it calls deferential, conservational, experimentalist, managerial, and peremptory stances of judicial review, which each present different responses to the interpretation of rights, the scrutiny of government, and the control of remedies. This typology is presented as a diagram
Raymond D. Boisvert
- Published in print:
- 1988
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780823211968
- eISBN:
- 9780823284764
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823211968.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, American Philosophy
This chapter investigates how John Dewey’s naturalistic period is characterized by the substitution of ontological issues for the methodological ones that dominated the experimentalist phase. This ...
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This chapter investigates how John Dewey’s naturalistic period is characterized by the substitution of ontological issues for the methodological ones that dominated the experimentalist phase. This change in emphasis resulted from his continued preoccupation with certain concerns that had marked his idealistic period, two of which are relevant here: the recognition that consciousness must be viewed as active as well as passive; and organicism. From William Morris, Dewey had come to appreciate the active role of intelligence in the acquisition of knowledge; and in G.W.F. Hegel, he had found a well-worked-out expression of organicism, a doctrine that had attracted him since his undergraduate years at the University of Vermont.Less
This chapter investigates how John Dewey’s naturalistic period is characterized by the substitution of ontological issues for the methodological ones that dominated the experimentalist phase. This change in emphasis resulted from his continued preoccupation with certain concerns that had marked his idealistic period, two of which are relevant here: the recognition that consciousness must be viewed as active as well as passive; and organicism. From William Morris, Dewey had come to appreciate the active role of intelligence in the acquisition of knowledge; and in G.W.F. Hegel, he had found a well-worked-out expression of organicism, a doctrine that had attracted him since his undergraduate years at the University of Vermont.
Martin Dufwenberg
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780195328325
- eISBN:
- 9780190202187
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328325.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Behavioural Economics
This chapter offers advice to experimentalists on the proper way to go about creating an experiment and publishing it. It emphasizes the fact that often, what is important about an experimental paper ...
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This chapter offers advice to experimentalists on the proper way to go about creating an experiment and publishing it. It emphasizes the fact that often, what is important about an experimental paper is the design and hypothesis being tested. The paper should be judged on the basis of the questions asked, and the design used to answer it, not on the basis of the results.Less
This chapter offers advice to experimentalists on the proper way to go about creating an experiment and publishing it. It emphasizes the fact that often, what is important about an experimental paper is the design and hypothesis being tested. The paper should be judged on the basis of the questions asked, and the design used to answer it, not on the basis of the results.
Erik De Schutter (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262013277
- eISBN:
- 9780262258722
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262013277.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Techniques
This book offers an introduction to current methods in computational modeling in neuroscience, and describes realistic modeling methods at levels of complexity ranging from molecular interactions to ...
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This book offers an introduction to current methods in computational modeling in neuroscience, and describes realistic modeling methods at levels of complexity ranging from molecular interactions to large neural networks. A “how to” book rather than an analytical account, it focuses on the presentation of methodological approaches, including the selection of the appropriate method and its potential pitfalls. The book is intended for experimental neuroscientists and graduate students who have little formal training in mathematical methods, but will also be useful for scientists with theoretical backgrounds who want to start using data-driven modeling methods. The mathematics needed are kept to an introductory level; the first chapter explains the mathematical methods the reader needs to master to understand the rest of the book. The chapters are written by scientists who have successfully integrated data-driven modeling with experimental work, so all of the material is accessible to experimentalists and offers comprehensive coverage with little overlap, and extensive cross-references moving from basic building blocks to more complex applications.Less
This book offers an introduction to current methods in computational modeling in neuroscience, and describes realistic modeling methods at levels of complexity ranging from molecular interactions to large neural networks. A “how to” book rather than an analytical account, it focuses on the presentation of methodological approaches, including the selection of the appropriate method and its potential pitfalls. The book is intended for experimental neuroscientists and graduate students who have little formal training in mathematical methods, but will also be useful for scientists with theoretical backgrounds who want to start using data-driven modeling methods. The mathematics needed are kept to an introductory level; the first chapter explains the mathematical methods the reader needs to master to understand the rest of the book. The chapters are written by scientists who have successfully integrated data-driven modeling with experimental work, so all of the material is accessible to experimentalists and offers comprehensive coverage with little overlap, and extensive cross-references moving from basic building blocks to more complex applications.
Kevin E. Davis
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- August 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190070809
- eISBN:
- 9780190070830
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190070809.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter introduces the concept of transnational bribery law, as well as the associated anti-bribery regime, and describes both the dominant approach to its design and an important critique. ...
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This chapter introduces the concept of transnational bribery law, as well as the associated anti-bribery regime, and describes both the dominant approach to its design and an important critique. Transnational bribery law is defined by four questions: What types of conduct should be targeted? Which actors ought to be considered complicit? What sanctions ought to be imposed? Who should bear the benefits and burdens of imposing those sanctions? The dominant approach to these questions can be called the OECD paradigm. That paradigm generally presumes that legal institutions outside the state whose official has been bribed ought to prohibit a broad range of conduct, target a wide range of actors, impose severe sanctions, and involve as many agencies as possible in enforcement. The anti-imperialist critique challenges the OECD paradigm in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, fairness, due process, and legitimacy. An inclusive experimentalist approach offers a way to reconcile these competing views.Less
This chapter introduces the concept of transnational bribery law, as well as the associated anti-bribery regime, and describes both the dominant approach to its design and an important critique. Transnational bribery law is defined by four questions: What types of conduct should be targeted? Which actors ought to be considered complicit? What sanctions ought to be imposed? Who should bear the benefits and burdens of imposing those sanctions? The dominant approach to these questions can be called the OECD paradigm. That paradigm generally presumes that legal institutions outside the state whose official has been bribed ought to prohibit a broad range of conduct, target a wide range of actors, impose severe sanctions, and involve as many agencies as possible in enforcement. The anti-imperialist critique challenges the OECD paradigm in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, fairness, due process, and legitimacy. An inclusive experimentalist approach offers a way to reconcile these competing views.
Kevin E. Davis
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- August 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190070809
- eISBN:
- 9780190070830
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190070809.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
Modern transnational bribery law has spread beyond the United States and has developed into a complex, decentralized, dynamic, and global “anti-bribery regime.” These developments were prompted by ...
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Modern transnational bribery law has spread beyond the United States and has developed into a complex, decentralized, dynamic, and global “anti-bribery regime.” These developments were prompted by lobbying on the part of the United States and members of civil society. The emergence of the new regime was marked by the adoption of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and the UN Convention against Corruption, as well as several other international instruments. This chapter describes the legal instruments that underpin the regime. It also surveys the institutions that implement the regime and the efforts that have been undertaken to monitor levels of enforcement, the incidence of bribery, and the impact of transnational bribery law. It concludes by asking whether the current anti-bribery regime qualifies as an example of global experimentalist governance.Less
Modern transnational bribery law has spread beyond the United States and has developed into a complex, decentralized, dynamic, and global “anti-bribery regime.” These developments were prompted by lobbying on the part of the United States and members of civil society. The emergence of the new regime was marked by the adoption of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and the UN Convention against Corruption, as well as several other international instruments. This chapter describes the legal instruments that underpin the regime. It also surveys the institutions that implement the regime and the efforts that have been undertaken to monitor levels of enforcement, the incidence of bribery, and the impact of transnational bribery law. It concludes by asking whether the current anti-bribery regime qualifies as an example of global experimentalist governance.
Christine Overdevest and Jonathan Zeitlin
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198703143
- eISBN:
- 9780191772450
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198703143.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
Transnational governance initiatives increasingly face the problem of regime complexity in which a proliferation of regulatory schemes operate in the same policy domain, supported by varying ...
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Transnational governance initiatives increasingly face the problem of regime complexity in which a proliferation of regulatory schemes operate in the same policy domain, supported by varying combinations of public and private actors. The literature suggests that such regime complexity can lead to forum-shopping and other self-interested strategies which undermine the effectiveness of transnational regulation. Based on the design principles of experimentalist governance, this chapter identifies a variety of pathways and mechanisms which promote productive interactions in regime complexes. We use the case of the EU’s Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (FLEGT) initiative, interacting with private certification schemes and public legal timber regulations, including those of third countries such as the US and China, to demonstrate how an increasingly comprehensive transnational regime can be assembled by linking together distinct components of a regime complex.Less
Transnational governance initiatives increasingly face the problem of regime complexity in which a proliferation of regulatory schemes operate in the same policy domain, supported by varying combinations of public and private actors. The literature suggests that such regime complexity can lead to forum-shopping and other self-interested strategies which undermine the effectiveness of transnational regulation. Based on the design principles of experimentalist governance, this chapter identifies a variety of pathways and mechanisms which promote productive interactions in regime complexes. We use the case of the EU’s Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (FLEGT) initiative, interacting with private certification schemes and public legal timber regulations, including those of third countries such as the US and China, to demonstrate how an increasingly comprehensive transnational regime can be assembled by linking together distinct components of a regime complex.
Anna Lawson
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199981212
- eISBN:
- 9780199358007
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199981212.003.0015
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter provides context for disability and employment policy in the European Union (EU) by highlighting the key provisions of the EU’s founding treaties in these areas. It then outlines ...
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This chapter provides context for disability and employment policy in the European Union (EU) by highlighting the key provisions of the EU’s founding treaties in these areas. It then outlines relevant aspects of the three EU-level strategies that together set out EU disability employment policy: hard law, or legislative intervention, requiring member states to ensure that certain specified requirements or standards are achieved by their domestic law; experimentalist governance, in the form of the Open Method of Co-ordination; and direct funding. Finally, the chapter identifies lessons that can be learned from the EU’s experience of harnessing these three different tools to achieve its strategic objectives and to consider the extent to which they might have relevance to the world beyond the rather unique parameters of the EU.Less
This chapter provides context for disability and employment policy in the European Union (EU) by highlighting the key provisions of the EU’s founding treaties in these areas. It then outlines relevant aspects of the three EU-level strategies that together set out EU disability employment policy: hard law, or legislative intervention, requiring member states to ensure that certain specified requirements or standards are achieved by their domestic law; experimentalist governance, in the form of the Open Method of Co-ordination; and direct funding. Finally, the chapter identifies lessons that can be learned from the EU’s experience of harnessing these three different tools to achieve its strategic objectives and to consider the extent to which they might have relevance to the world beyond the rather unique parameters of the EU.
Philip Mirowski and Edward Nik-Khah
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262162524
- eISBN:
- 9780262281607
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262162524.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
This chapter discusses Science and Technology Studies, actor-network theory (ANT), the current version of ANT (ANT 6.5), the performativity of the economy, commercialization, operations research ...
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This chapter discusses Science and Technology Studies, actor-network theory (ANT), the current version of ANT (ANT 6.5), the performativity of the economy, commercialization, operations research (OR), and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) auctions. Actor-network theory has been promoted as a Theory of Everything and many attributes of it can be found in a relatively developed form in OR. The performativity thesis of Michel Callon has been considered as an important contribution to economic sociology, and in The Laws of the Markets, Callon claims that the economy is embedded in economics, not in society. In 1994, the FCC started the practice of auctioning communications spectrum licenses to the highest bidder and game theorists recruited by the FCC conceptualized an auction as a Bayesian learning game. Game theorists pursue the criterion of ex post Pareto optimality, whereas experimentalists pursue ex ante Pareto optimality.Less
This chapter discusses Science and Technology Studies, actor-network theory (ANT), the current version of ANT (ANT 6.5), the performativity of the economy, commercialization, operations research (OR), and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) auctions. Actor-network theory has been promoted as a Theory of Everything and many attributes of it can be found in a relatively developed form in OR. The performativity thesis of Michel Callon has been considered as an important contribution to economic sociology, and in The Laws of the Markets, Callon claims that the economy is embedded in economics, not in society. In 1994, the FCC started the practice of auctioning communications spectrum licenses to the highest bidder and game theorists recruited by the FCC conceptualized an auction as a Bayesian learning game. Game theorists pursue the criterion of ex post Pareto optimality, whereas experimentalists pursue ex ante Pareto optimality.
Ted Maris-Wolf
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469620077
- eISBN:
- 9781469620091
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469620077.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter discusses a trend of “experimentalist” manumissions wherein emancipated slaves were sent to Liberia, then a colony under the supervision of the American Colonization Society (ACS). By ...
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This chapter discusses a trend of “experimentalist” manumissions wherein emancipated slaves were sent to Liberia, then a colony under the supervision of the American Colonization Society (ACS). By carefully directing how the slaves were to be emancipated, transported to Liberia, and then supported there for a limited time, the slaves were buffered from the worst effects of the slave system—sale, relocation, and physical punishment. These experimentalists were also notable for committing themselves to keeping enslaved families together, as opposed to the common practice of dividing up the slaves among the deceased master's heirs. After the Civil War, many of the slaves in Liberia would find themselves emancipated a second time—from a conditional slavery that, unlike their first, would bring liberty to them and all their friends and family.Less
This chapter discusses a trend of “experimentalist” manumissions wherein emancipated slaves were sent to Liberia, then a colony under the supervision of the American Colonization Society (ACS). By carefully directing how the slaves were to be emancipated, transported to Liberia, and then supported there for a limited time, the slaves were buffered from the worst effects of the slave system—sale, relocation, and physical punishment. These experimentalists were also notable for committing themselves to keeping enslaved families together, as opposed to the common practice of dividing up the slaves among the deceased master's heirs. After the Civil War, many of the slaves in Liberia would find themselves emancipated a second time—from a conditional slavery that, unlike their first, would bring liberty to them and all their friends and family.
Jonathan Zeitlin (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198724506
- eISBN:
- 9780191792113
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198724506.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union, Comparative Politics
This book takes as its point of departure three observations about the current state of transnational regulation within and beyond the EU: Across a wide and expanding range of policy fields, the EU ...
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This book takes as its point of departure three observations about the current state of transnational regulation within and beyond the EU: Across a wide and expanding range of policy fields, the EU has developed over the past fifteen years a new architecture of experimentalist governance based on framework rule making and revision through recursive review of implementation experience in diverse local contexts. Through a variety of institutional mechanisms and channels, the EU is actively seeking to extend its own internal rules, norms, standards, and governance processes beyond the Union’s borders to third countries and the wider world. In a number of major issue-areas, experimentalist regimes with similar architectural features to those within the EU appear to be developing on a global or transnational scale. The book aims to explore, both empirically and theoretically, the relationship between these three contemporaneous trends, and to assess their consequences for the EU’s evolving role in transnational regulation. The book tackles these questions about the external dimension of EU experimentalist governance and its relationship to broader trends in transnational regulation through in-depth analysis of recent developments across a series of key policy domains by an interdisciplinary group of European and North American scholars. The domains addressed include neighbourhood policy, food safety, GMOs, chemicals, forestry, competition, finance, data privacy, disability rights, crisis management, justice, and security.Less
This book takes as its point of departure three observations about the current state of transnational regulation within and beyond the EU: Across a wide and expanding range of policy fields, the EU has developed over the past fifteen years a new architecture of experimentalist governance based on framework rule making and revision through recursive review of implementation experience in diverse local contexts. Through a variety of institutional mechanisms and channels, the EU is actively seeking to extend its own internal rules, norms, standards, and governance processes beyond the Union’s borders to third countries and the wider world. In a number of major issue-areas, experimentalist regimes with similar architectural features to those within the EU appear to be developing on a global or transnational scale. The book aims to explore, both empirically and theoretically, the relationship between these three contemporaneous trends, and to assess their consequences for the EU’s evolving role in transnational regulation. The book tackles these questions about the external dimension of EU experimentalist governance and its relationship to broader trends in transnational regulation through in-depth analysis of recent developments across a series of key policy domains by an interdisciplinary group of European and North American scholars. The domains addressed include neighbourhood policy, food safety, GMOs, chemicals, forestry, competition, finance, data privacy, disability rights, crisis management, justice, and security.
Philip Mirowski and Edward Nik-Khah
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- June 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190270056
- eISBN:
- 9780190270087
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190270056.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, History of Economic Thought
Curiously, early neoclassical economics was a theory of agents, not markets as such. But changes in markets in the late twentieth century began to highlight this lacuna. How information was ...
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Curiously, early neoclassical economics was a theory of agents, not markets as such. But changes in markets in the late twentieth century began to highlight this lacuna. How information was incorporated into the theory began to suggest that economists could not just describe The Market, but could also design boutique markets for clients. We trace the resulting narrative trajectory of this epoch-making departure using an abstract Information Space graphic showing combinations of types of agent epistemology, with different types of models of information.Less
Curiously, early neoclassical economics was a theory of agents, not markets as such. But changes in markets in the late twentieth century began to highlight this lacuna. How information was incorporated into the theory began to suggest that economists could not just describe The Market, but could also design boutique markets for clients. We trace the resulting narrative trajectory of this epoch-making departure using an abstract Information Space graphic showing combinations of types of agent epistemology, with different types of models of information.
Kalypso Nicolaïdis
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198716273
- eISBN:
- 9780191784910
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716273.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter offers a theoretical interpretation of Europe’s democratic challenge and a set of tentative prescriptions on Europe’s institutional architecture and representative legitimacy through the ...
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This chapter offers a theoretical interpretation of Europe’s democratic challenge and a set of tentative prescriptions on Europe’s institutional architecture and representative legitimacy through the lens of demoicratic theory. The chapter provides the main building blocks of such a demoicratic theory and analyses similarities and differences with frameworks such as compound democracy, multilevel governance, and experimentalist governance. It then sets out to argue that the democratic principles identified by the overall project—namely delegation, accountability, representation, responsiveness, and participation—require a considerable reinterpretation if we are to move away from statist interpretations of the European Union and appraise it as ‘a union of peoples who govern together, but not as one’. This chapter consequently develops the argument for European demoicracy from a positive and normative perspective and analyses points of overlap as well as divergence with other perspectives in the book.Less
This chapter offers a theoretical interpretation of Europe’s democratic challenge and a set of tentative prescriptions on Europe’s institutional architecture and representative legitimacy through the lens of demoicratic theory. The chapter provides the main building blocks of such a demoicratic theory and analyses similarities and differences with frameworks such as compound democracy, multilevel governance, and experimentalist governance. It then sets out to argue that the democratic principles identified by the overall project—namely delegation, accountability, representation, responsiveness, and participation—require a considerable reinterpretation if we are to move away from statist interpretations of the European Union and appraise it as ‘a union of peoples who govern together, but not as one’. This chapter consequently develops the argument for European demoicracy from a positive and normative perspective and analyses points of overlap as well as divergence with other perspectives in the book.
Jonathan Zeitlin
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198724506
- eISBN:
- 9780191792113
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198724506.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union, Comparative Politics
This chapter introduces the theoretical framework and research agenda of the book. It provides an overview of the three contemporaneous trends from which the book departs: the development of ...
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This chapter introduces the theoretical framework and research agenda of the book. It provides an overview of the three contemporaneous trends from which the book departs: the development of experimentalist governance within the EU; the EU’s efforts to extend its rules, norms, standards, and governance processes to third countries and global institutions; and the emergence of experimentalist regimes in transnational governance. It then goes on to identify the key research questions arising from the relationship between these three trends, focusing on how far the EU’s attempts to expand the geographical scope of its internal rules, norms, and governance processes contribute positively or negatively to the development of experimentalism in transnational regulation, and through which institutional channels, pathways, and mechanisms are regulated. The chapter concludes with a brief preview and explanation of the design of the volume.Less
This chapter introduces the theoretical framework and research agenda of the book. It provides an overview of the three contemporaneous trends from which the book departs: the development of experimentalist governance within the EU; the EU’s efforts to extend its rules, norms, standards, and governance processes to third countries and global institutions; and the emergence of experimentalist regimes in transnational governance. It then goes on to identify the key research questions arising from the relationship between these three trends, focusing on how far the EU’s attempts to expand the geographical scope of its internal rules, norms, and governance processes contribute positively or negatively to the development of experimentalism in transnational regulation, and through which institutional channels, pathways, and mechanisms are regulated. The chapter concludes with a brief preview and explanation of the design of the volume.
Sandra Lavenex
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198724506
- eISBN:
- 9780191792113
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198724506.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union, Comparative Politics
Given their focus on promoting approximation to the EU acquis communautaire, EU neighbourhood policies can be regarded as an experimental field for extended experimentalist governance. The fact that ...
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Given their focus on promoting approximation to the EU acquis communautaire, EU neighbourhood policies can be regarded as an experimental field for extended experimentalist governance. The fact that they cover many policy sectors, distinct institutional forms of association, and very different countries allows us to investigate the scope and conditions for extended experimentalism. The comparison of the EEA countries and Switzerland highlights the political limits within which the EU tolerates the extension of its experimentalist governance. The analysis of the ENP countries, in contrast, shows that when applied by political design to heterogeneous and asymmetric contexts, experimentalist methods lose many of their proclaimed qualities. While transgovernmental ties may be conducive to capacity building, in the absence of a functionalist dynamic on the ground and without a compatible level of administrative authority in these countries, politically induced experimentalist governance risks perpetuating existing asymmetries and may turn into a subtle channel of EU influence.Less
Given their focus on promoting approximation to the EU acquis communautaire, EU neighbourhood policies can be regarded as an experimental field for extended experimentalist governance. The fact that they cover many policy sectors, distinct institutional forms of association, and very different countries allows us to investigate the scope and conditions for extended experimentalism. The comparison of the EEA countries and Switzerland highlights the political limits within which the EU tolerates the extension of its experimentalist governance. The analysis of the ENP countries, in contrast, shows that when applied by political design to heterogeneous and asymmetric contexts, experimentalist methods lose many of their proclaimed qualities. While transgovernmental ties may be conducive to capacity building, in the absence of a functionalist dynamic on the ground and without a compatible level of administrative authority in these countries, politically induced experimentalist governance risks perpetuating existing asymmetries and may turn into a subtle channel of EU influence.
