Joanna Demers
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195387650
- eISBN:
- 9780199863594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387650.003.0006
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western, History, American
Chapter 6 takes a step back to consider the three metagenres of institutional electroacoustic, electronica, and sound art. Participants in each metagenre describe their music in terms borrowing from ...
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Chapter 6 takes a step back to consider the three metagenres of institutional electroacoustic, electronica, and sound art. Participants in each metagenre describe their music in terms borrowing from the discourse of experimentalism, a discourse that pits a distinguished minority against a commercial mainstream and an indifferent public. Despite the fact that the three metagenres insist on their difference from one another, all three encourage a type of listening that resembles less what we think to be traditional musical listening (at least in Western art music) than a new type of attention, one this chapter dubs “aesthetic listening.”Less
Chapter 6 takes a step back to consider the three metagenres of institutional electroacoustic, electronica, and sound art. Participants in each metagenre describe their music in terms borrowing from the discourse of experimentalism, a discourse that pits a distinguished minority against a commercial mainstream and an indifferent public. Despite the fact that the three metagenres insist on their difference from one another, all three encourage a type of listening that resembles less what we think to be traditional musical listening (at least in Western art music) than a new type of attention, one this chapter dubs “aesthetic listening.”
Robert Carl
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195325287
- eISBN:
- 9780199869428
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325287.003.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Popular, History, American
This Introduction explains In C's uniqueness within its time. Works by Carter, Stockhausen, and Berio had pushed the limits of fixed-score complexity and were regarded as the standard for “advanced” ...
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This Introduction explains In C's uniqueness within its time. Works by Carter, Stockhausen, and Berio had pushed the limits of fixed-score complexity and were regarded as the standard for “advanced” composition. Cageian experimentalism had moved music into realms of noise and randomized activity that created often chaotic results. Counter to these trends, In C is emblematic of West Coast American minimalism, an essay in a new sort of communitarian art in its innovative structure, a piece of musical “software” that provides a structure for interactive group creation that is open yet always recognizable in its result.Less
This Introduction explains In C's uniqueness within its time. Works by Carter, Stockhausen, and Berio had pushed the limits of fixed-score complexity and were regarded as the standard for “advanced” composition. Cageian experimentalism had moved music into realms of noise and randomized activity that created often chaotic results. Counter to these trends, In C is emblematic of West Coast American minimalism, an essay in a new sort of communitarian art in its innovative structure, a piece of musical “software” that provides a structure for interactive group creation that is open yet always recognizable in its result.
Gabriel Solis
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520252004
- eISBN:
- 9780520940963
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520252004.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
Thelonious Monk (1917–1982) was one of jazz's greatest and most enigmatic figures. As a composer, pianist, and bandleader, he both extended the piano tradition known as Harlem stride and was at the ...
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Thelonious Monk (1917–1982) was one of jazz's greatest and most enigmatic figures. As a composer, pianist, and bandleader, he both extended the piano tradition known as Harlem stride and was at the center of modern jazz's creation during the 1940s, setting the stage for the experimentalism of the 1960s and '70s. This study combines cultural theory, biography, and musical analysis to shed light on Monk's music and on the jazz canon itself. The author shows how the work of this stubbornly nonconformist composer emerged from the jazz world's fringes to find a central place in its canon. This biography addresses larger issues in jazz scholarship, including ethnography and the role of memory in history's construction. The author considers how Monk's stature has grown, from the narrowly focused wing of the avant-garde in the 1960s and '70s to the present, where he is claimed as an influence by musicians of all kinds. He looks at the ways musical lineages are created in the jazz world and, in the process, addresses the question of how musicians use performance itself to maintain, interpret, and debate the history of the musical tradition we call jazz.Less
Thelonious Monk (1917–1982) was one of jazz's greatest and most enigmatic figures. As a composer, pianist, and bandleader, he both extended the piano tradition known as Harlem stride and was at the center of modern jazz's creation during the 1940s, setting the stage for the experimentalism of the 1960s and '70s. This study combines cultural theory, biography, and musical analysis to shed light on Monk's music and on the jazz canon itself. The author shows how the work of this stubbornly nonconformist composer emerged from the jazz world's fringes to find a central place in its canon. This biography addresses larger issues in jazz scholarship, including ethnography and the role of memory in history's construction. The author considers how Monk's stature has grown, from the narrowly focused wing of the avant-garde in the 1960s and '70s to the present, where he is claimed as an influence by musicians of all kinds. He looks at the ways musical lineages are created in the jazz world and, in the process, addresses the question of how musicians use performance itself to maintain, interpret, and debate the history of the musical tradition we call jazz.
Kimberly J. Devlin and Christine Smedley (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813061542
- eISBN:
- 9780813051451
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813061542.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
In seventeen new readingsof Finnegans Wake, leading Joyce experts offer diverse critical perspectives on each chapter of Joyce’s masterpiece, paying special attention to the resonances and ...
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In seventeen new readingsof Finnegans Wake, leading Joyce experts offer diverse critical perspectives on each chapter of Joyce’s masterpiece, paying special attention to the resonances and implications of Joyce’s densely layered word formations. The major effect of Joyce’s ongoing use of portmanteau words in Finnegans Wake is polyvocality: each of the many voices in the text frequently sounds as if it is speaking in multiple tongues. This experimental practice produces double talk, triple talk, and quadruple talk—and yet even more plural evocations of layered diction. The term “polyvocal” is usually defined in terms of music, but in the Wake it is applicable to writing and speech. Given this central experimental technique, we asked our seventeen contributors to foreground the work’s multiplicities of meanings. Prior chapter-by-chapter guides to the Wake tend to “level” it: that is, to take its polyvocal languages and make them univocal, in the interest of increased accessibility. Our aim is to highlight the verbal richness and excesses that this text generates, which we identify as Joyce’s prodigal experimentalism. Because each of the seventeen chapters has its own peculiar structure and focus, our contributors attempt to capture some of the uniqueness of their selected section. The contributors to this volume provide readers with both familiar and novel frameworks for exploring the Wake, including myth, feminism, psychoanalysis, philosophy, game theory, homophonies, ecocriticism, atmosphere or contextual criticism, and historicism. Such frameworks open up pluralities of interpretations, unlocking new and illuminating readings of Joyce’s final masterpiece.Less
In seventeen new readingsof Finnegans Wake, leading Joyce experts offer diverse critical perspectives on each chapter of Joyce’s masterpiece, paying special attention to the resonances and implications of Joyce’s densely layered word formations. The major effect of Joyce’s ongoing use of portmanteau words in Finnegans Wake is polyvocality: each of the many voices in the text frequently sounds as if it is speaking in multiple tongues. This experimental practice produces double talk, triple talk, and quadruple talk—and yet even more plural evocations of layered diction. The term “polyvocal” is usually defined in terms of music, but in the Wake it is applicable to writing and speech. Given this central experimental technique, we asked our seventeen contributors to foreground the work’s multiplicities of meanings. Prior chapter-by-chapter guides to the Wake tend to “level” it: that is, to take its polyvocal languages and make them univocal, in the interest of increased accessibility. Our aim is to highlight the verbal richness and excesses that this text generates, which we identify as Joyce’s prodigal experimentalism. Because each of the seventeen chapters has its own peculiar structure and focus, our contributors attempt to capture some of the uniqueness of their selected section. The contributors to this volume provide readers with both familiar and novel frameworks for exploring the Wake, including myth, feminism, psychoanalysis, philosophy, game theory, homophonies, ecocriticism, atmosphere or contextual criticism, and historicism. Such frameworks open up pluralities of interpretations, unlocking new and illuminating readings of Joyce’s final masterpiece.
Rick Rylance
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198122838
- eISBN:
- 9780191671555
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198122838.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
A history has to find its object. But Victorian psychology hides round corners and three particularly chunky obstacles obstruct the view. First, there is the change in the modern conception of the ...
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A history has to find its object. But Victorian psychology hides round corners and three particularly chunky obstacles obstruct the view. First, there is the change in the modern conception of the discipline of psychology brought about by its rapid professionalization at the end of the nineteenth century. This process had many strands but the main agent was the fundamental reorientation of psychology's methods and outlook created by the new Experimentalism of the 1890s and beyond. Second, there has been the ascendancy of psychoanalysis as the branch of psychology thought most appropriate to cultural analysis in the humanities, which has obscured other lines of development and other kinds of work. Third, there has been the authority of certain versions of cultural and literary modernism that have intervened between the Victorians and people today, in effect withdrawing significant lines of connection between the psychological ideas of both epochs.Less
A history has to find its object. But Victorian psychology hides round corners and three particularly chunky obstacles obstruct the view. First, there is the change in the modern conception of the discipline of psychology brought about by its rapid professionalization at the end of the nineteenth century. This process had many strands but the main agent was the fundamental reorientation of psychology's methods and outlook created by the new Experimentalism of the 1890s and beyond. Second, there has been the ascendancy of psychoanalysis as the branch of psychology thought most appropriate to cultural analysis in the humanities, which has obscured other lines of development and other kinds of work. Third, there has been the authority of certain versions of cultural and literary modernism that have intervened between the Victorians and people today, in effect withdrawing significant lines of connection between the psychological ideas of both epochs.
Brian E. Butler
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226474502
- eISBN:
- 9780226474649
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226474649.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This book takes the greatest democratic challenge for law to be the virtually unquestioned belief in the need for judicial supremacy in constitutional interpretation in order to protect society from ...
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This book takes the greatest democratic challenge for law to be the virtually unquestioned belief in the need for judicial supremacy in constitutional interpretation in order to protect society from the tyranny of the majority. This is examined in the form offered by Chemerinsky in The Case Against the Supreme Court. Using the pragmatist theories of John Dewey and Charles Sanders Peirce a construction of a democratic and experimental conception of constitutional law labelled “democratic experimentalism” is offered as an alternate. This conception requires law to be practiced as a democratic means because of Dewey’s demand that democracy can only be properly pursued through democratic means. The democratic aims outlined are also informed experimentalist procedure. Through utilization of work of Michael Dorf, Charles Sabel, Oliver Wendell Holmes and Richard Posner it is argued that a jurisprudence of democratic experimentalism can offer a version of constitutional law that is democratic “all the way down.” A jurisprudence of democratic experimentalism emphasizes a decentered conception of law based upon localized rulemaking, and sees the role of the court system as more about coordination and information pooling than ultimate and foundational rulemaking. A Court practicing democratic experimentalism would have avoided various mistakes exemplified in many of the Courts great antiprecedents. Finally, “sociable contract theory” was offered to conceptually frame the evolutionary and non-foundational qualities of a constitutional regime based upon democratic experimentalism. In democratic experimentalism law becomes a flexible and evolving tool engaged in the construction of ever more democratic practices.Less
This book takes the greatest democratic challenge for law to be the virtually unquestioned belief in the need for judicial supremacy in constitutional interpretation in order to protect society from the tyranny of the majority. This is examined in the form offered by Chemerinsky in The Case Against the Supreme Court. Using the pragmatist theories of John Dewey and Charles Sanders Peirce a construction of a democratic and experimental conception of constitutional law labelled “democratic experimentalism” is offered as an alternate. This conception requires law to be practiced as a democratic means because of Dewey’s demand that democracy can only be properly pursued through democratic means. The democratic aims outlined are also informed experimentalist procedure. Through utilization of work of Michael Dorf, Charles Sabel, Oliver Wendell Holmes and Richard Posner it is argued that a jurisprudence of democratic experimentalism can offer a version of constitutional law that is democratic “all the way down.” A jurisprudence of democratic experimentalism emphasizes a decentered conception of law based upon localized rulemaking, and sees the role of the court system as more about coordination and information pooling than ultimate and foundational rulemaking. A Court practicing democratic experimentalism would have avoided various mistakes exemplified in many of the Courts great antiprecedents. Finally, “sociable contract theory” was offered to conceptually frame the evolutionary and non-foundational qualities of a constitutional regime based upon democratic experimentalism. In democratic experimentalism law becomes a flexible and evolving tool engaged in the construction of ever more democratic practices.
Elizabeth A. Williams
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226692999
- eISBN:
- 9780226693187
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226693187.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This book explores contemporary worries over eating through the lens of the history of science and medicine. It shows how appetite, once a matter of personal inclination and everyday life, from ...
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This book explores contemporary worries over eating through the lens of the history of science and medicine. It shows how appetite, once a matter of personal inclination and everyday life, from around 1750 became an object of science, something to be managed by knowledgeable experts. At the same time it traces the disturbing story of how forms of troubled eating once seen as symptomatic of many illnesses emerged as independent diseases called “eating disorders.” The study begins by examining the traditional view, upheld by physicians and philosophers for centuries, that individual appetite was the surest guide to healthy eating. It then shows how investigators in diverse disciplines began arguing that eating and digestion were processes comprehensible and manageable only by science. The study also shows that new claims about the fallibility of appetite and the necessity of scientific guidance of eating choices prompted fierce disputes between mechanists and vitalists, experimentalists and bedside physicians, localists and holists, and instinctivists and anti-instinctivists, struggles over appetite and eating that have never been resolved. The author concludes that, far from solving what many called the “mystery” of appetite, centuries of research into its “normal” and “pathological” functioning have shown that appetite, like love and other deeply human realities, is extraordinarily complex and not readily susceptible to manipulation by self-styled experts. Restoring respect for appetite would help, the study concludes, to allay its proliferating discontents, the eating anxieties that beset ever more individuals in our time.Less
This book explores contemporary worries over eating through the lens of the history of science and medicine. It shows how appetite, once a matter of personal inclination and everyday life, from around 1750 became an object of science, something to be managed by knowledgeable experts. At the same time it traces the disturbing story of how forms of troubled eating once seen as symptomatic of many illnesses emerged as independent diseases called “eating disorders.” The study begins by examining the traditional view, upheld by physicians and philosophers for centuries, that individual appetite was the surest guide to healthy eating. It then shows how investigators in diverse disciplines began arguing that eating and digestion were processes comprehensible and manageable only by science. The study also shows that new claims about the fallibility of appetite and the necessity of scientific guidance of eating choices prompted fierce disputes between mechanists and vitalists, experimentalists and bedside physicians, localists and holists, and instinctivists and anti-instinctivists, struggles over appetite and eating that have never been resolved. The author concludes that, far from solving what many called the “mystery” of appetite, centuries of research into its “normal” and “pathological” functioning have shown that appetite, like love and other deeply human realities, is extraordinarily complex and not readily susceptible to manipulation by self-styled experts. Restoring respect for appetite would help, the study concludes, to allay its proliferating discontents, the eating anxieties that beset ever more individuals in our time.
Justus Nieland
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036934
- eISBN:
- 9780252094057
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036934.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
A key figure in the ongoing legacy of modern cinema, David Lynch designs environments for spectators, transporting them to inner worlds built by mood, texture, and uneasy artifice. We enter these ...
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A key figure in the ongoing legacy of modern cinema, David Lynch designs environments for spectators, transporting them to inner worlds built by mood, texture, and uneasy artifice. We enter these famously cinematic interiors to be wrapped in plastic, the fundamental substance of Lynch's work. This volume revels in the weird dynamism of Lynch's plastic worlds. Exploring the range of modern design idioms that inform Lynch's films and signature mise-en-scène, the book argues that plastic is at once a key architectural and interior design dynamic in Lynch's films, an uncertain way of feeling essential to Lynch's art, and the prime matter of Lynch's strange picture of the human organism. The book offers striking new readings of Lynch's major works (Eraserhead, Blue Velvet, Wild at Heart, Mulholland Dr., Inland Empire) and his early experimental films, placing Lynch's experimentalism within the aesthetic traditions of modernism and the avant-garde; the genres of melodrama, film noir, and art cinema; architecture and design history; and contemporary debates about cinematic ontology in the wake of the digital. This inventive study argues that Lynch's plastic concept of life—supplemented by technology, media, and sensuous networks of an electric world—is more alive today than ever.Less
A key figure in the ongoing legacy of modern cinema, David Lynch designs environments for spectators, transporting them to inner worlds built by mood, texture, and uneasy artifice. We enter these famously cinematic interiors to be wrapped in plastic, the fundamental substance of Lynch's work. This volume revels in the weird dynamism of Lynch's plastic worlds. Exploring the range of modern design idioms that inform Lynch's films and signature mise-en-scène, the book argues that plastic is at once a key architectural and interior design dynamic in Lynch's films, an uncertain way of feeling essential to Lynch's art, and the prime matter of Lynch's strange picture of the human organism. The book offers striking new readings of Lynch's major works (Eraserhead, Blue Velvet, Wild at Heart, Mulholland Dr., Inland Empire) and his early experimental films, placing Lynch's experimentalism within the aesthetic traditions of modernism and the avant-garde; the genres of melodrama, film noir, and art cinema; architecture and design history; and contemporary debates about cinematic ontology in the wake of the digital. This inventive study argues that Lynch's plastic concept of life—supplemented by technology, media, and sensuous networks of an electric world—is more alive today than ever.
Stephen Buckle
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199271146
- eISBN:
- 9780191699498
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199271146.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
From its opening section, the first Enquiry signals that it has a polemical purpose. It is not merely a polemic, of course, but identifying the work's apparent and real targets assists in bringing ...
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From its opening section, the first Enquiry signals that it has a polemical purpose. It is not merely a polemic, of course, but identifying the work's apparent and real targets assists in bringing out the underlying unity of its argument; and that argument, once its outlines have been sketched in, also illustrates the connections David Hume discerns between experimentalism and scepticism. The immediate task, then, is to emphasise the significance of the Enquiry's distinctively sharp edge, and to identify its primary targets. Attending to the particular circumstances in which the work was produced will be a useful preparation. Essentially, Hume published the Philosophical Essays concerning Human Understanding, which was the Enquiry's first title, in 1748, at the end of one of the most eventful periods of his life, events that are played down in the autobiography.Less
From its opening section, the first Enquiry signals that it has a polemical purpose. It is not merely a polemic, of course, but identifying the work's apparent and real targets assists in bringing out the underlying unity of its argument; and that argument, once its outlines have been sketched in, also illustrates the connections David Hume discerns between experimentalism and scepticism. The immediate task, then, is to emphasise the significance of the Enquiry's distinctively sharp edge, and to identify its primary targets. Attending to the particular circumstances in which the work was produced will be a useful preparation. Essentially, Hume published the Philosophical Essays concerning Human Understanding, which was the Enquiry's first title, in 1748, at the end of one of the most eventful periods of his life, events that are played down in the autobiography.
Stephen Buckle
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199271146
- eISBN:
- 9780191699498
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199271146.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
To cast David Hume as a player in the major drama of the new philosophy against the old may appear to make him Newtonian to a degree no longer seriously defensible. To qualify this view by adding ...
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To cast David Hume as a player in the major drama of the new philosophy against the old may appear to make him Newtonian to a degree no longer seriously defensible. To qualify this view by adding that he is seeking to purify the new philosophy, even against some of its most notable defenders and interpreters, may seem only to ease the problem, and not to remove it. This is because some significant modern studies have challenged the validity of Hume's Newtonian credentials. The opponents of this carefully qualified, undeniably realist outlook are the Pyrrhonians and the philosophical dogmatists. So the task of the Enquiry is to show that the experimental philosophy, properly understood, has skeptical implications that undercut all the dogmatists, old and new, secular and not religious, and the body of the work is structured accordingly.Less
To cast David Hume as a player in the major drama of the new philosophy against the old may appear to make him Newtonian to a degree no longer seriously defensible. To qualify this view by adding that he is seeking to purify the new philosophy, even against some of its most notable defenders and interpreters, may seem only to ease the problem, and not to remove it. This is because some significant modern studies have challenged the validity of Hume's Newtonian credentials. The opponents of this carefully qualified, undeniably realist outlook are the Pyrrhonians and the philosophical dogmatists. So the task of the Enquiry is to show that the experimental philosophy, properly understood, has skeptical implications that undercut all the dogmatists, old and new, secular and not religious, and the body of the work is structured accordingly.
Stephen Buckle
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199271146
- eISBN:
- 9780191699498
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199271146.003.0011
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
In this section, David Hume defends a compatibilist account of the relation between human freedom and necessary laws of human nature. The compatibilism itself is entirely unremarkable for a thinker ...
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In this section, David Hume defends a compatibilist account of the relation between human freedom and necessary laws of human nature. The compatibilism itself is entirely unremarkable for a thinker influenced by the mechanist tradition; compatibilist interpretations of one form or another are offered by many mechanical philosophers, especially of course by materialists, such as Thomas Hobbes, or by those prepared to regard materialism as possible, such as John Locke. It is unlikely then that Hume's readers would have found anything novel or startling in the broad commitments expressed here. It is reasonable now to expect that the point of this section lies in the details, rather than in the compatibilist conclusion itself. Hume's purposes, then, are metaphysical, moral, and religious: a consistent experimentalism will teach people their place in the world.Less
In this section, David Hume defends a compatibilist account of the relation between human freedom and necessary laws of human nature. The compatibilism itself is entirely unremarkable for a thinker influenced by the mechanist tradition; compatibilist interpretations of one form or another are offered by many mechanical philosophers, especially of course by materialists, such as Thomas Hobbes, or by those prepared to regard materialism as possible, such as John Locke. It is unlikely then that Hume's readers would have found anything novel or startling in the broad commitments expressed here. It is reasonable now to expect that the point of this section lies in the details, rather than in the compatibilist conclusion itself. Hume's purposes, then, are metaphysical, moral, and religious: a consistent experimentalism will teach people their place in the world.
Brian E. Butler
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226474502
- eISBN:
- 9780226474649
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226474649.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
In overview, this book constructs a picture of law as a democratic means. This is constructed in opposition to a picture of constitutional law centered upon the protection of minorities from the ...
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In overview, this book constructs a picture of law as a democratic means. This is constructed in opposition to a picture of constitutional law centered upon the protection of minorities from the majority. Through an analysis of cases such as Brown, Citizens United, Lochner and Obergefell, a jurisprudence of democratic experimentalism is utilized to offer a more democratic conception of constitutional law. Inspired by the pragmatism of Peirce and Dewey, and informed by the work of Dorf and Sabel, as well as Oliver Wendell Holmes and Richard Posner, the aim is to make attractive a conception of constitutional law that is democratic, experimental, and based in empirical fact rather than legalistic reasoning.Less
In overview, this book constructs a picture of law as a democratic means. This is constructed in opposition to a picture of constitutional law centered upon the protection of minorities from the majority. Through an analysis of cases such as Brown, Citizens United, Lochner and Obergefell, a jurisprudence of democratic experimentalism is utilized to offer a more democratic conception of constitutional law. Inspired by the pragmatism of Peirce and Dewey, and informed by the work of Dorf and Sabel, as well as Oliver Wendell Holmes and Richard Posner, the aim is to make attractive a conception of constitutional law that is democratic, experimental, and based in empirical fact rather than legalistic reasoning.
Cassandra L. Pinnick
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195117257
- eISBN:
- 9780199785995
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195117255.003.0015
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This essay argues that Shapin and Schaffer’s reasoning in their book, Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life, begins from the faulty premise that Hobbes and Boyle ...
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This essay argues that Shapin and Schaffer’s reasoning in their book, Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life, begins from the faulty premise that Hobbes and Boyle represent as clearly defined, and unquestionably different, methodological stances. If Shapin and Schaffer’s history of science is incorrect, then their desired conclusions about the epistemology of science are not motivated.Less
This essay argues that Shapin and Schaffer’s reasoning in their book, Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life, begins from the faulty premise that Hobbes and Boyle represent as clearly defined, and unquestionably different, methodological stances. If Shapin and Schaffer’s history of science is incorrect, then their desired conclusions about the epistemology of science are not motivated.
Katharine G. Young
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199641932
- eISBN:
- 9780191746086
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199641932.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter draws on governance theory to examine how the discourse of economic and social rights links different governmental and non-governmental actors. A case study of the Treatment Action ...
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This chapter draws on governance theory to examine how the discourse of economic and social rights links different governmental and non-governmental actors. A case study of the Treatment Action Campaign in South Africa illuminates the links between networks of movements, different branches of government, experts, scientists, pharmaceutical companies, doctors, nurses, lawyers, organizers, churches and provincial leaders, and people living with HIV and those supporting them, in relation to the constitutional right to access health care. Experimentalist governance prescribes new resources with which to coordinate the state, market and civil society, to destabilize presently obstructive public arrangements, and to make use of the efficiency of the market. All are important for the institutionalization of economic and social rights. Yet because of representation problems, located in the stakeholders, power dynamics and discourse of new governance, the chapter argues that this perspective is a complementary instantiation to the broader, and more anchored, precepts of constitutionalism.Less
This chapter draws on governance theory to examine how the discourse of economic and social rights links different governmental and non-governmental actors. A case study of the Treatment Action Campaign in South Africa illuminates the links between networks of movements, different branches of government, experts, scientists, pharmaceutical companies, doctors, nurses, lawyers, organizers, churches and provincial leaders, and people living with HIV and those supporting them, in relation to the constitutional right to access health care. Experimentalist governance prescribes new resources with which to coordinate the state, market and civil society, to destabilize presently obstructive public arrangements, and to make use of the efficiency of the market. All are important for the institutionalization of economic and social rights. Yet because of representation problems, located in the stakeholders, power dynamics and discourse of new governance, the chapter argues that this perspective is a complementary instantiation to the broader, and more anchored, precepts of constitutionalism.
Alejandro Madrid
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780190215781
- eISBN:
- 9780190215804
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190215781.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music, History, Western
In the 1920s, Mexican composer Julián Carrillo (1875–1965) developed a microtonal system he metaphorically called El Sonido 13 (The 13th Sound). Although his pioneering role as one of the first ...
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In the 1920s, Mexican composer Julián Carrillo (1875–1965) developed a microtonal system he metaphorically called El Sonido 13 (The 13th Sound). Although his pioneering role as one of the first proponents of microtonality within the Western art music tradition allowed him to achieve a cult figure status among European avant-garde circles in the 1960s and 1970s, his music and legacy have remained largely ignored by scholars and music critics. Most of what is known today about him or his ideas comes directly from Carrillo’s own propagandistic writings or the vitriolic or petty disparagement from his critics. This book takes a critical stance against both of these representations and explores the composer’s ideas not only in relation to the historical moments of their inception but also in relation to the various cultural projects that kept them alive and resignified them through the beginning of the twenty-first century. It emphasizes a dialogue between Sonido 13 as the expression of an imaginary future for Carrillo and his followers and Sonido 13 as an imaginary past for artists and musicians to validate a variety of alternative cultural projects throughout the twentieth century. It argues that by establishing a critical conversation between the composer’s rhetoric, an analysis of his music scores, a serious assessment of how and why the Mexican musical mainstream has neglected his ideas, and the use of these ideas by contemporary alternative cultural projects, one can better appreciate the profound cultural meaning of Julián Carrillo and Sonido 13.Less
In the 1920s, Mexican composer Julián Carrillo (1875–1965) developed a microtonal system he metaphorically called El Sonido 13 (The 13th Sound). Although his pioneering role as one of the first proponents of microtonality within the Western art music tradition allowed him to achieve a cult figure status among European avant-garde circles in the 1960s and 1970s, his music and legacy have remained largely ignored by scholars and music critics. Most of what is known today about him or his ideas comes directly from Carrillo’s own propagandistic writings or the vitriolic or petty disparagement from his critics. This book takes a critical stance against both of these representations and explores the composer’s ideas not only in relation to the historical moments of their inception but also in relation to the various cultural projects that kept them alive and resignified them through the beginning of the twenty-first century. It emphasizes a dialogue between Sonido 13 as the expression of an imaginary future for Carrillo and his followers and Sonido 13 as an imaginary past for artists and musicians to validate a variety of alternative cultural projects throughout the twentieth century. It argues that by establishing a critical conversation between the composer’s rhetoric, an analysis of his music scores, a serious assessment of how and why the Mexican musical mainstream has neglected his ideas, and the use of these ideas by contemporary alternative cultural projects, one can better appreciate the profound cultural meaning of Julián Carrillo and Sonido 13.
Elizabeth A. Williams
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226692999
- eISBN:
- 9780226693187
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226693187.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Chapter 3 explores the systematic observation and experimental manipulation of animal eating that got underway in eighteenth-century natural history and physiology. Naturalists such as Georges-Louis ...
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Chapter 3 explores the systematic observation and experimental manipulation of animal eating that got underway in eighteenth-century natural history and physiology. Naturalists such as Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon and Lazzaro Spallanzani sought insights into human appetite and eating by studying ingestion and digestion in animals, posing questions about differences and similarities in human and animal eating and about the relative significance of learning and instinct in ingestive patterns and habits. Physiologists concentrated on ingestive and digestive processes in human beings, distinguishing appetite as desire from hunger as need. Competing physiological theories reflected broad divisions between mechanists like Albrecht von Haller, who sought specific structures and somatic causes of appetite, eating, and digestion, and vitalists such as those of the Montpellier school, who regarded these phenomena as the work of an over-arching principle of life or specific vital forces. While mechanists focused on bodily movements they saw as responsible for hunger, vitalists regarded deep-seated organismic desires as the essential determinants of vital action. As experimental methods gained in prestige, the search for concrete mechanisms of ingestion and digestion rendered the role of appetite problematic.Less
Chapter 3 explores the systematic observation and experimental manipulation of animal eating that got underway in eighteenth-century natural history and physiology. Naturalists such as Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon and Lazzaro Spallanzani sought insights into human appetite and eating by studying ingestion and digestion in animals, posing questions about differences and similarities in human and animal eating and about the relative significance of learning and instinct in ingestive patterns and habits. Physiologists concentrated on ingestive and digestive processes in human beings, distinguishing appetite as desire from hunger as need. Competing physiological theories reflected broad divisions between mechanists like Albrecht von Haller, who sought specific structures and somatic causes of appetite, eating, and digestion, and vitalists such as those of the Montpellier school, who regarded these phenomena as the work of an over-arching principle of life or specific vital forces. While mechanists focused on bodily movements they saw as responsible for hunger, vitalists regarded deep-seated organismic desires as the essential determinants of vital action. As experimental methods gained in prestige, the search for concrete mechanisms of ingestion and digestion rendered the role of appetite problematic.
Elizabeth A. Williams
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226692999
- eISBN:
- 9780226693187
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226693187.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Chapter 4 assesses views of appetite around 1800 by examining the work of the French anatomist and physiologist Xavier Bichat and the English physician Erasmus Darwin, both of whom were profoundly ...
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Chapter 4 assesses views of appetite around 1800 by examining the work of the French anatomist and physiologist Xavier Bichat and the English physician Erasmus Darwin, both of whom were profoundly affected by the French Revolution. Darwin, who celebrated the joys of appetite, elaborated a scientific vision of human betterment through improvements in the food supply and other means of providing for basic human needs. In contrast, Bichat developed a physiological system (the “two lives”) in which appetite and the passions were classed with organic functions that could not be improved and whose power threatened the exercise of reason. The work of these two figures pushed those who studied appetite in conflicting directions, both methodologically and substantively. Bichat promoted the methods of pathological anatomy and experimentalism while Darwin pushed for an expansive psycho-physiology based on eclectic methods often criticized as lacking in rigor. These dichotomous views of appetite – Darwin’s that it was educable and conducive to new forms of striving versus Bichat’s that its power was unalterable and perilous – influenced scientific and medical approaches to appetite well into the nineteenth century.Less
Chapter 4 assesses views of appetite around 1800 by examining the work of the French anatomist and physiologist Xavier Bichat and the English physician Erasmus Darwin, both of whom were profoundly affected by the French Revolution. Darwin, who celebrated the joys of appetite, elaborated a scientific vision of human betterment through improvements in the food supply and other means of providing for basic human needs. In contrast, Bichat developed a physiological system (the “two lives”) in which appetite and the passions were classed with organic functions that could not be improved and whose power threatened the exercise of reason. The work of these two figures pushed those who studied appetite in conflicting directions, both methodologically and substantively. Bichat promoted the methods of pathological anatomy and experimentalism while Darwin pushed for an expansive psycho-physiology based on eclectic methods often criticized as lacking in rigor. These dichotomous views of appetite – Darwin’s that it was educable and conducive to new forms of striving versus Bichat’s that its power was unalterable and perilous – influenced scientific and medical approaches to appetite well into the nineteenth century.
Ana R. Alonso-Minutti, Eduardo Herrera, and Alejandro L. Madrid (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190842741
- eISBN:
- 9780190842789
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190842741.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This book problematizes the notion of experimentalism as defined in conventional narratives about experimental musical practices. Contributors take a broad approach to a wide variety of Latin@ and ...
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This book problematizes the notion of experimentalism as defined in conventional narratives about experimental musical practices. Contributors take a broad approach to a wide variety of Latin@ and Latin American music traditions conceived and/or perceived as experimental. The adoption of a plural “experimentalisms” points at a purposeful decentering of its usual US and Eurocentric interpretative frameworks. The case studies in this book contribute to this by challenging discourses about Latin@s and Latin Americans that have historically marginalized them. As such, the notion of “experimentalisms” works as a grouping, as a performative operation of sound, soundings, music, and musicking that gives social and historical meaning to the networks it temporarily conforms and situates. This book responds to recent efforts to reframe and reconceptualize the study of experimental music in terms of epistemological perspective and geographic scope, but also engages traditional scholarship about musical experimentalisms. Contributors provide important challenges in relation to the types of music that have been traditionally considered experimental and the reasons why scholars have adopted these perspectives. Included in this book are case studies localized in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, México, Peru, and the United States, but with frequent regional, transnational, and postnational implications. This book contributes to the current conversations about music experimentalism while providing new points of entry to further reevaluate the field.Less
This book problematizes the notion of experimentalism as defined in conventional narratives about experimental musical practices. Contributors take a broad approach to a wide variety of Latin@ and Latin American music traditions conceived and/or perceived as experimental. The adoption of a plural “experimentalisms” points at a purposeful decentering of its usual US and Eurocentric interpretative frameworks. The case studies in this book contribute to this by challenging discourses about Latin@s and Latin Americans that have historically marginalized them. As such, the notion of “experimentalisms” works as a grouping, as a performative operation of sound, soundings, music, and musicking that gives social and historical meaning to the networks it temporarily conforms and situates. This book responds to recent efforts to reframe and reconceptualize the study of experimental music in terms of epistemological perspective and geographic scope, but also engages traditional scholarship about musical experimentalisms. Contributors provide important challenges in relation to the types of music that have been traditionally considered experimental and the reasons why scholars have adopted these perspectives. Included in this book are case studies localized in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, México, Peru, and the United States, but with frequent regional, transnational, and postnational implications. This book contributes to the current conversations about music experimentalism while providing new points of entry to further reevaluate the field.
Mark Tushnet
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781479804788
- eISBN:
- 9781479804801
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479804788.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Darby correctly argues that ordinary people often have more or better knowledge about some political matters than do elites, and that deficiencies in their knowledge can be addressed by creating ...
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Darby correctly argues that ordinary people often have more or better knowledge about some political matters than do elites, and that deficiencies in their knowledge can be addressed by creating conditions, typically material, that would provide them with opportunities to gain relevant knowledge. This constitutes an important locus for democratic experimentalism, yielding a democratic form of epistocracy. Any residual gaps in knowledge could then be treated as rational ignorance, a willingness to delegate—though not irrevocably— decisions to those who have greater knowledge.Less
Darby correctly argues that ordinary people often have more or better knowledge about some political matters than do elites, and that deficiencies in their knowledge can be addressed by creating conditions, typically material, that would provide them with opportunities to gain relevant knowledge. This constitutes an important locus for democratic experimentalism, yielding a democratic form of epistocracy. Any residual gaps in knowledge could then be treated as rational ignorance, a willingness to delegate—though not irrevocably— decisions to those who have greater knowledge.
Oliver Gerstenberg
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- February 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198834335
- eISBN:
- 9780191872433
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198834335.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This book addresses the question of social constitutionalism, especially with regard to its role in the contemporary European project. For reasons of history and democracy, Europeans share a deep ...
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This book addresses the question of social constitutionalism, especially with regard to its role in the contemporary European project. For reasons of history and democracy, Europeans share a deep commitment to social constitutionalism. But at the same time, Europeans are concerned about an overconstitutionalization and the balancing-away of less-favoured rights, leading to the entrenchment of the status quo and stifling of the living constitutionalism and democracy. The book challenges the common view that constitutionalization means de-politicization. Without claiming for themselves the final word, courts can exert a more indirect—forum-creative and agenda-setting—role in the process of an ongoing clarification of the meaning of a right. In exerting this role, courts rely less on a pre-existing consensus, but a potential consensus is sufficient: courts can induce debate and deliberation that leads to consensus in a non-hierarchical dialogue in which the conflicting parties, state actors, civil society organizations, and the diverse stakeholders themselves develop flexible substantive standards that interpret constitutional requirements, often over repeat litigation. The CJEU and the ECtHR—as courts beyond the nation state—in their constitutionalizing jurisprudence are able to constructively re-open and re-politicize controversies that are blocked at the national level, or which cannot be resolved at the domestic level. But, crucially, the understanding of constitutional framework-principles is itself subject to revision and reconsideration as the experience of dealing with the diverse national contexts of discovery and application accumulates. This democratic-experimentalist process lies at the heart of the distinctive model of contemporary Euroconstitutionalism.Less
This book addresses the question of social constitutionalism, especially with regard to its role in the contemporary European project. For reasons of history and democracy, Europeans share a deep commitment to social constitutionalism. But at the same time, Europeans are concerned about an overconstitutionalization and the balancing-away of less-favoured rights, leading to the entrenchment of the status quo and stifling of the living constitutionalism and democracy. The book challenges the common view that constitutionalization means de-politicization. Without claiming for themselves the final word, courts can exert a more indirect—forum-creative and agenda-setting—role in the process of an ongoing clarification of the meaning of a right. In exerting this role, courts rely less on a pre-existing consensus, but a potential consensus is sufficient: courts can induce debate and deliberation that leads to consensus in a non-hierarchical dialogue in which the conflicting parties, state actors, civil society organizations, and the diverse stakeholders themselves develop flexible substantive standards that interpret constitutional requirements, often over repeat litigation. The CJEU and the ECtHR—as courts beyond the nation state—in their constitutionalizing jurisprudence are able to constructively re-open and re-politicize controversies that are blocked at the national level, or which cannot be resolved at the domestic level. But, crucially, the understanding of constitutional framework-principles is itself subject to revision and reconsideration as the experience of dealing with the diverse national contexts of discovery and application accumulates. This democratic-experimentalist process lies at the heart of the distinctive model of contemporary Euroconstitutionalism.
