Kay Prag
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780197266427
- eISBN:
- 9780191884252
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266427.003.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter briefly describes the setting up by Dame Kathleen Kenyon of a major project of archaeological excavation in Jerusalem in 1961, and its contemporary aims based on scientific processes. ...
More
This chapter briefly describes the setting up by Dame Kathleen Kenyon of a major project of archaeological excavation in Jerusalem in 1961, and its contemporary aims based on scientific processes. Archaeological knowledge of the city at the time was very limited, based on old excavations, mostly inadequately published. Kenyon’s technical competence to achieve this was based on archaeological experience gained during excavation in Great Britain, Palestine and North Africa. The result was the creation of an archival record and study collection for future research.Less
This chapter briefly describes the setting up by Dame Kathleen Kenyon of a major project of archaeological excavation in Jerusalem in 1961, and its contemporary aims based on scientific processes. Archaeological knowledge of the city at the time was very limited, based on old excavations, mostly inadequately published. Kenyon’s technical competence to achieve this was based on archaeological experience gained during excavation in Great Britain, Palestine and North Africa. The result was the creation of an archival record and study collection for future research.
Wojcech Kolataj and Grzegorz Majcherek
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789774160769
- eISBN:
- 9781936190034
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774160769.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This book describes the excavation and preservation of three early Roman villas in Egypt's ancient port city of Alexandria. Chronicling the work of the Polish Archaeological Mission in Alexandria, ...
More
This book describes the excavation and preservation of three early Roman villas in Egypt's ancient port city of Alexandria. Chronicling the work of the Polish Archaeological Mission in Alexandria, this book gives an account of how these ancient dwellings were unearthed, and how the famous mosaic floors were brought to light two thousand years after they were laid. With the expert guidance of the archaeologists responsible for the excavation, the reader is led through layers of clues reaching ten meters below today's street level, and to an in-depth appreciation of this extraordinary site's rich history. Drawing directly on their work with the Polish Archaeological Mission, the chapters describe in detail the excavation of the housing areas, as well as the baths, the gymnasia, and the theater that comprise the villa complex. The book reconstructs not only the villas themselves, with their magnificent mosaics, but also the history of how they were built and used, and ultimately how they were destroyed by fire.Less
This book describes the excavation and preservation of three early Roman villas in Egypt's ancient port city of Alexandria. Chronicling the work of the Polish Archaeological Mission in Alexandria, this book gives an account of how these ancient dwellings were unearthed, and how the famous mosaic floors were brought to light two thousand years after they were laid. With the expert guidance of the archaeologists responsible for the excavation, the reader is led through layers of clues reaching ten meters below today's street level, and to an in-depth appreciation of this extraordinary site's rich history. Drawing directly on their work with the Polish Archaeological Mission, the chapters describe in detail the excavation of the housing areas, as well as the baths, the gymnasia, and the theater that comprise the villa complex. The book reconstructs not only the villas themselves, with their magnificent mosaics, but also the history of how they were built and used, and ultimately how they were destroyed by fire.
Kathy Martin and Andrea R. Norris
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198569992
- eISBN:
- 9780191717802
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198569992.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Ornithology
This chapter discusses the role and ecology of two chickadee species as members of the small-bodied cavity-nester guild and their general relationships in the nest web community. The ecological and ...
More
This chapter discusses the role and ecology of two chickadee species as members of the small-bodied cavity-nester guild and their general relationships in the nest web community. The ecological and environmental factors that might explain demographic changes are examined by asking the general question concerning how changes in community dynamics and habitat characteristics influence population density and nest-site selection of the Parids. Within the nest web community, positive interspecific interactions may result from diverse species assemblages, where cavity excavators may enhance or facilitate the breeding conditions for secondary cavity-nesters. In interior British Columbia, population densities of chickadees and other small cavity-nesters (competitors, facilitators) and predators varies annually across a range of habitat stands, but most have shown substantial increases in breeding density over the past decade. Since these population increases were correlated with changes in habitat condition, the chapter addresses how habitat use and nest-site selection change with density. This problem is approached at the level of the individual (nest-site selection) and at the stand level (chickadee population growth rates) in relation to nesting densities of other members in the cavity-nester community and changing habitat characteristics.Less
This chapter discusses the role and ecology of two chickadee species as members of the small-bodied cavity-nester guild and their general relationships in the nest web community. The ecological and environmental factors that might explain demographic changes are examined by asking the general question concerning how changes in community dynamics and habitat characteristics influence population density and nest-site selection of the Parids. Within the nest web community, positive interspecific interactions may result from diverse species assemblages, where cavity excavators may enhance or facilitate the breeding conditions for secondary cavity-nesters. In interior British Columbia, population densities of chickadees and other small cavity-nesters (competitors, facilitators) and predators varies annually across a range of habitat stands, but most have shown substantial increases in breeding density over the past decade. Since these population increases were correlated with changes in habitat condition, the chapter addresses how habitat use and nest-site selection change with density. This problem is approached at the level of the individual (nest-site selection) and at the stand level (chickadee population growth rates) in relation to nesting densities of other members in the cavity-nester community and changing habitat characteristics.
P. GRINTER
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264027
- eISBN:
- 9780191734908
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264027.003.0010
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
This chapter reviews the preliminary results and methodology used in the archaeobotanical research programme at Dichin, a multi-period late Roman site in Bulgaria. The remarkable state of ...
More
This chapter reviews the preliminary results and methodology used in the archaeobotanical research programme at Dichin, a multi-period late Roman site in Bulgaria. The remarkable state of preservation of in situ deposits, especially from the destruction level dating to the end of the fifth century, provided an ideal opportunity to integrate fully the process of excavation with the recovery and examination of the seed material in order to research, not just the agricultural economy of the site, but also to reconstruct the spatial distribution of the finds and their association within particular buildings (granaries, store-buildings and living accommodation). Archaeological excavations were carried out at Dichin between 1996 and 2001. The excavations targeted defences, gateways, buildings and a road revealed by remote survey. Many of the buildings within the area were used for storing cereals and pulses. In addition, the lack of weed seeds or processing waste indicates that the crops were all at the final stage of processing and were in storage prior to distribution or use.Less
This chapter reviews the preliminary results and methodology used in the archaeobotanical research programme at Dichin, a multi-period late Roman site in Bulgaria. The remarkable state of preservation of in situ deposits, especially from the destruction level dating to the end of the fifth century, provided an ideal opportunity to integrate fully the process of excavation with the recovery and examination of the seed material in order to research, not just the agricultural economy of the site, but also to reconstruct the spatial distribution of the finds and their association within particular buildings (granaries, store-buildings and living accommodation). Archaeological excavations were carried out at Dichin between 1996 and 2001. The excavations targeted defences, gateways, buildings and a road revealed by remote survey. Many of the buildings within the area were used for storing cereals and pulses. In addition, the lack of weed seeds or processing waste indicates that the crops were all at the final stage of processing and were in storage prior to distribution or use.
P. GUEST
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264027
- eISBN:
- 9780191734908
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264027.003.0012
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
The archaeological excavations carried out on late Roman and early Byzantine sites in the Balkans has revolutionized our knowledge of this part of the world in Late Antiquity. How these sites are ...
More
The archaeological excavations carried out on late Roman and early Byzantine sites in the Balkans has revolutionized our knowledge of this part of the world in Late Antiquity. How these sites are dated is obviously important as, without accurate and reliable dating, it is difficult to understand how they fit into the wider historical narrative. This chapter takes the coins excavated at Dichin as its starting point and, by careful analysis, proposes a general dating scheme for the two phases of occupation at the settlement. The lack of coins struck during the years 474–518 is a notable feature of the assemblage from Dichin, a pattern that is repeated at most sites in the region where coins of the emperor Zeno are particularly rare. By looking at both site finds and hoards from the region, however, these explanations need to be revised as they are based on a numismatic mirage rather than archaeological fact.Less
The archaeological excavations carried out on late Roman and early Byzantine sites in the Balkans has revolutionized our knowledge of this part of the world in Late Antiquity. How these sites are dated is obviously important as, without accurate and reliable dating, it is difficult to understand how they fit into the wider historical narrative. This chapter takes the coins excavated at Dichin as its starting point and, by careful analysis, proposes a general dating scheme for the two phases of occupation at the settlement. The lack of coins struck during the years 474–518 is a notable feature of the assemblage from Dichin, a pattern that is repeated at most sites in the region where coins of the emperor Zeno are particularly rare. By looking at both site finds and hoards from the region, however, these explanations need to be revised as they are based on a numismatic mirage rather than archaeological fact.
H. VANHAVERBEKE, F. MARTENS, and M. WAELKENS
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264027
- eISBN:
- 9780191734908
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264027.003.0024
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
Survey evidence gathered in the city of Sagalassos (Pisidia, southwestern Turkey), its suburbs, and its countryside has led to new insights into developments in the region in Late Antiquity. Coupled ...
More
Survey evidence gathered in the city of Sagalassos (Pisidia, southwestern Turkey), its suburbs, and its countryside has led to new insights into developments in the region in Late Antiquity. Coupled with the results from archaeological excavations, soundings and interdisciplinary research, a reconstruction can be made of what happened during the last centuries of the city's existence. Framing the observed changes in a larger chronological perspective, another view emerges on the fate of the city and its countryside in Late Antiquity. Terms such as ‘decline’, ‘fall’ and ‘transformation’ relate to cities and do not adequately describe contemporary evolution in the countryside. An urgent call for rural surveys is advocated to avoid the perpetuation of the intellectual trap created by this urban-centred approach.Less
Survey evidence gathered in the city of Sagalassos (Pisidia, southwestern Turkey), its suburbs, and its countryside has led to new insights into developments in the region in Late Antiquity. Coupled with the results from archaeological excavations, soundings and interdisciplinary research, a reconstruction can be made of what happened during the last centuries of the city's existence. Framing the observed changes in a larger chronological perspective, another view emerges on the fate of the city and its countryside in Late Antiquity. Terms such as ‘decline’, ‘fall’ and ‘transformation’ relate to cities and do not adequately describe contemporary evolution in the countryside. An urgent call for rural surveys is advocated to avoid the perpetuation of the intellectual trap created by this urban-centred approach.
V. A. ZAVYALOV
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263846
- eISBN:
- 9780191734113
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263846.003.0016
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter describes the fortifications of the ancient city of Gyaur Kala in the Merv Oasis based on the result of archaeological excavations. It summarizes the phases of construction and ...
More
This chapter describes the fortifications of the ancient city of Gyaur Kala in the Merv Oasis based on the result of archaeological excavations. It summarizes the phases of construction and rebuilding and provides preliminary evidence for dating individual phases. Overall, the excavations strongly suggest that broader trends in military architecture influenced the development of the city walls of Gyaur Kala.Less
This chapter describes the fortifications of the ancient city of Gyaur Kala in the Merv Oasis based on the result of archaeological excavations. It summarizes the phases of construction and rebuilding and provides preliminary evidence for dating individual phases. Overall, the excavations strongly suggest that broader trends in military architecture influenced the development of the city walls of Gyaur Kala.
S. D. KRYZHITSKIY
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264041
- eISBN:
- 9780191734311
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264041.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
In the 1790s, the location of Olbia was established, and since 1901 systematic excavations have been made by three successive generations of scholars. The first of these scholars was Pharmakovskiy ...
More
In the 1790s, the location of Olbia was established, and since 1901 systematic excavations have been made by three successive generations of scholars. The first of these scholars was Pharmakovskiy and his school in 1901–1926. The second scholars to make excavations in Olbia were under the leadership of Slavin, Levi and Karasev. The third generation who took over the excavations from 1972 was headed by Kryzhitskiy from 1972–1995 and Krapivina from 1995. This chapter focuses on the contributions made by the third generation of scholars that made excavations in the Olbia region. The excavations made in this period were governed by three aims: the study of the historico-archaelogical stratigraphy and topography of cultural levels in the various parts of the city including the underwater area beneath the Bug estuary; an emphasis on the least-studied phases of the city's existence, particularly the cultural levels of the archaic period and the early centuries AD; and the rescue and conservation of the coastal portion of the city. The excavations generated important results such as the discovery of the temenos wall, altars, the temple of Apollo Ietros, Hellenistic period citadels and dwellings, and defensive walls belonging to the fifth century. In addition to these excavations and discoveries, the teams headed by Kryzhitskiy and Krapivina made extensive studies on the lower Bug estuary and Olbia's chora.Less
In the 1790s, the location of Olbia was established, and since 1901 systematic excavations have been made by three successive generations of scholars. The first of these scholars was Pharmakovskiy and his school in 1901–1926. The second scholars to make excavations in Olbia were under the leadership of Slavin, Levi and Karasev. The third generation who took over the excavations from 1972 was headed by Kryzhitskiy from 1972–1995 and Krapivina from 1995. This chapter focuses on the contributions made by the third generation of scholars that made excavations in the Olbia region. The excavations made in this period were governed by three aims: the study of the historico-archaelogical stratigraphy and topography of cultural levels in the various parts of the city including the underwater area beneath the Bug estuary; an emphasis on the least-studied phases of the city's existence, particularly the cultural levels of the archaic period and the early centuries AD; and the rescue and conservation of the coastal portion of the city. The excavations generated important results such as the discovery of the temenos wall, altars, the temple of Apollo Ietros, Hellenistic period citadels and dwellings, and defensive walls belonging to the fifth century. In addition to these excavations and discoveries, the teams headed by Kryzhitskiy and Krapivina made extensive studies on the lower Bug estuary and Olbia's chora.
CHRISTOPHER EVANS, MARIE-LOUISE STIG SØRENSEN, and KONSTANTIN RICHTER
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197265208
- eISBN:
- 9780191754180
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265208.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History
This chapter concerns what is arguably one of the first European-built Christian churches in the Tropics, the N.a S.a da Conceição, in Ribeira Grande (now known as Cidade Velha), the former capital ...
More
This chapter concerns what is arguably one of the first European-built Christian churches in the Tropics, the N.a S.a da Conceição, in Ribeira Grande (now known as Cidade Velha), the former capital of the Cape Verde Islands. It briefly covers the early history of the town and then proceeds to consider its earliest church. The evidence of historical documents is first outlined, and thereafter the results from the first explorative archaeological investigations focussed on the physical remains of the building are summarised. The excavations were successful in locating the early church, which can now be reconstructed as a large, one-and-a-half or two storey high, east‐west oriented building with a vaulted side-chapel on its northern side and buttressed corners on its western façade. Two tombstones found in situ within the floor confirm that the building dates to, at least, the early 16th century.Less
This chapter concerns what is arguably one of the first European-built Christian churches in the Tropics, the N.a S.a da Conceição, in Ribeira Grande (now known as Cidade Velha), the former capital of the Cape Verde Islands. It briefly covers the early history of the town and then proceeds to consider its earliest church. The evidence of historical documents is first outlined, and thereafter the results from the first explorative archaeological investigations focussed on the physical remains of the building are summarised. The excavations were successful in locating the early church, which can now be reconstructed as a large, one-and-a-half or two storey high, east‐west oriented building with a vaulted side-chapel on its northern side and buttressed corners on its western façade. Two tombstones found in situ within the floor confirm that the building dates to, at least, the early 16th century.
Noel T. Boaz and Russell L. Ciochon
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195152913
- eISBN:
- 9780199790036
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195152913.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter focuses on the discoveries at Dragon Bone Hill in northern China. Topics discussed include the mysterious affinity between the ancient dragons of Chinese myth and the fossilized remains ...
More
This chapter focuses on the discoveries at Dragon Bone Hill in northern China. Topics discussed include the mysterious affinity between the ancient dragons of Chinese myth and the fossilized remains of extinct animals, suspicions of hominids at Longgushan and their discovery, a “missing link expedition” through China to the Gobi Desert, and the discovery of the first hominid skull.Less
This chapter focuses on the discoveries at Dragon Bone Hill in northern China. Topics discussed include the mysterious affinity between the ancient dragons of Chinese myth and the fossilized remains of extinct animals, suspicions of hominids at Longgushan and their discovery, a “missing link expedition” through China to the Gobi Desert, and the discovery of the first hominid skull.
Noel T. Boaz and Russell L. Ciochon
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195152913
- eISBN:
- 9780199790036
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195152913.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter focuses on the impact of the Sino-Japanese War on excavations at Longgushan and the fate of the Peking Man fossils. Japanese interest in the Peking Man fossils and where the Peking Man ...
More
This chapter focuses on the impact of the Sino-Japanese War on excavations at Longgushan and the fate of the Peking Man fossils. Japanese interest in the Peking Man fossils and where the Peking Man fossils went are discussed. The loss of the Peking Man fossils has generated more interest than any other topic in the history of paleoanthropology. Despite all the interest, historical research, and hypotheses, there is still not a single reliable account of a sighting of the fossils since they were packed away in 1941.Less
This chapter focuses on the impact of the Sino-Japanese War on excavations at Longgushan and the fate of the Peking Man fossils. Japanese interest in the Peking Man fossils and where the Peking Man fossils went are discussed. The loss of the Peking Man fossils has generated more interest than any other topic in the history of paleoanthropology. Despite all the interest, historical research, and hypotheses, there is still not a single reliable account of a sighting of the fossils since they were packed away in 1941.
A. G. POULTER
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264027
- eISBN:
- 9780191734908
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264027.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
After excavations carried out on the site of Nicopolis ad Istrum in Bulgaria, the results were used to reconstruct the city's physical and economic character from its foundation under Trajan down to ...
More
After excavations carried out on the site of Nicopolis ad Istrum in Bulgaria, the results were used to reconstruct the city's physical and economic character from its foundation under Trajan down to the end of the sixth century. The incentive for the subsequent programme, ‘The Transition to Late Antiquity’, was the discovery that the city was replaced by a very different Nicopolis, both in layout and economy, during the fifth century. A site-specific survey method was developed to explore the countryside. The survey discovered that the Roman villa economy collapsed late in the fourth century. The excavations on the site of the late Roman fort at Dichin provided an unexpected but invaluable insight into the regional economy and military situation on the lower Danube in the fifth and sixth centuries. The results of both these two research projects are summarized and an explanation proposed as to how and why there was such a radical break between the Roman Empire and its early Byzantine successor on the lower Danube.Less
After excavations carried out on the site of Nicopolis ad Istrum in Bulgaria, the results were used to reconstruct the city's physical and economic character from its foundation under Trajan down to the end of the sixth century. The incentive for the subsequent programme, ‘The Transition to Late Antiquity’, was the discovery that the city was replaced by a very different Nicopolis, both in layout and economy, during the fifth century. A site-specific survey method was developed to explore the countryside. The survey discovered that the Roman villa economy collapsed late in the fourth century. The excavations on the site of the late Roman fort at Dichin provided an unexpected but invaluable insight into the regional economy and military situation on the lower Danube in the fifth and sixth centuries. The results of both these two research projects are summarized and an explanation proposed as to how and why there was such a radical break between the Roman Empire and its early Byzantine successor on the lower Danube.
P. VLADKOVA
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264027
- eISBN:
- 9780191734908
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264027.003.0007
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
The second half of the third century marks an important period in the history of Lower Moesia and the Balkans. It coincides with the economic and political crisis which spread across the Roman Empire ...
More
The second half of the third century marks an important period in the history of Lower Moesia and the Balkans. It coincides with the economic and political crisis which spread across the Roman Empire and affected all levels of society. This chapter reviews the evidence for the character of the agora in Nicopolis ad Istrum during the late Roman and early Byzantine periods. First, it explains the historical context and then describes the epigraphic finds — which cease with the reign of Aurelian. It also details the coins that were discovered and their implications for continued use of the agora during the fourth century and on into the fifth and sixth centuries. Even so, archaeological excavations have demonstrated that there is no reason to believe that the agora served its original purpose beyond the middle of the fifth century, when flimsy structures were erected over the remains of the former civic centre. Occupation is still attested during the first half of the sixth century before the remaining buildings were destroyed by fire.Less
The second half of the third century marks an important period in the history of Lower Moesia and the Balkans. It coincides with the economic and political crisis which spread across the Roman Empire and affected all levels of society. This chapter reviews the evidence for the character of the agora in Nicopolis ad Istrum during the late Roman and early Byzantine periods. First, it explains the historical context and then describes the epigraphic finds — which cease with the reign of Aurelian. It also details the coins that were discovered and their implications for continued use of the agora during the fourth century and on into the fifth and sixth centuries. Even so, archaeological excavations have demonstrated that there is no reason to believe that the agora served its original purpose beyond the middle of the fifth century, when flimsy structures were erected over the remains of the former civic centre. Occupation is still attested during the first half of the sixth century before the remaining buildings were destroyed by fire.
Viacheslav Bitiutckii
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097560
- eISBN:
- 9781526104441
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097560.003.0005
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
This paper discusses the search for, exhumation and identification of the remains of victims of mass political repression during the Stalinist Great Terror (1937-1938) in the USSR, concentrating on ...
More
This paper discusses the search for, exhumation and identification of the remains of victims of mass political repression during the Stalinist Great Terror (1937-1938) in the USSR, concentrating on those who were subjected to the severest form of repression, that is, those who were shot following sentencing during judicial or extrajudicial processes. Even if historians now agree on the number of victims of Stalin's Great Terror (1937-1938) during which nearly 800,000 people were executed by gunshot, we still know little about the ultimate course these victims took as the full trial procedures, executions and burials were marked with the seal of state secrets. By restoring the history of exhumations undertaken from 1989 - quite exceptionally for Russia - in the Voronezh region 500 kilometres south of Moscow, and in focussing more specifically on the discovery of a site where 62 graves were discovered containing the remains of 2,889 individuals, this text lifts the veil on the Soviet logistics of the production of mass death. It sheds light on the human and material resources mobilized by the NKVD for these executions and illegal burials, utilising the repetitive tasks of dozens of individuals.Less
This paper discusses the search for, exhumation and identification of the remains of victims of mass political repression during the Stalinist Great Terror (1937-1938) in the USSR, concentrating on those who were subjected to the severest form of repression, that is, those who were shot following sentencing during judicial or extrajudicial processes. Even if historians now agree on the number of victims of Stalin's Great Terror (1937-1938) during which nearly 800,000 people were executed by gunshot, we still know little about the ultimate course these victims took as the full trial procedures, executions and burials were marked with the seal of state secrets. By restoring the history of exhumations undertaken from 1989 - quite exceptionally for Russia - in the Voronezh region 500 kilometres south of Moscow, and in focussing more specifically on the discovery of a site where 62 graves were discovered containing the remains of 2,889 individuals, this text lifts the veil on the Soviet logistics of the production of mass death. It sheds light on the human and material resources mobilized by the NKVD for these executions and illegal burials, utilising the repetitive tasks of dozens of individuals.
Susan A. Stephens
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199212989
- eISBN:
- 9780191594205
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199212989.003.0015
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Prose and Writers: Classical, Early, and Medieval
The Alexandrian library has come to occupy a special place in the Western imagination as the first systematic attempt to collect and preserve human knowledge. That library disappeared or was ...
More
The Alexandrian library has come to occupy a special place in the Western imagination as the first systematic attempt to collect and preserve human knowledge. That library disappeared or was destroyed over 1,500 years ago. In 2002 the Egyptian government erected the ‘Bibliotheca Alexandria’, intended to revive the legacy of the original library. This chapter explores the parallels between new and old libraries as political statements, how a Western foundation comes to be recast as Egyptian, and the roles that competing versions of the ancient library's destruction play in defining the new library.Less
The Alexandrian library has come to occupy a special place in the Western imagination as the first systematic attempt to collect and preserve human knowledge. That library disappeared or was destroyed over 1,500 years ago. In 2002 the Egyptian government erected the ‘Bibliotheca Alexandria’, intended to revive the legacy of the original library. This chapter explores the parallels between new and old libraries as political statements, how a Western foundation comes to be recast as Egyptian, and the roles that competing versions of the ancient library's destruction play in defining the new library.
BARRY CUNLIFFE
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264584
- eISBN:
- 9780191734069
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264584.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This lecture presents the text of the speech about the continuity and change in the Wessex landscape delivered by the author at the 2008 Albert Reckitt Archaeological Lecture held at the British ...
More
This lecture presents the text of the speech about the continuity and change in the Wessex landscape delivered by the author at the 2008 Albert Reckitt Archaeological Lecture held at the British Academy. It describes the Wessex landscape as an area of chalkland situated in the centre of the chalk uplands of southern Britain, highlights the results of archaeological excavations in Wessex, and describes the principal types of settlement in the area.Less
This lecture presents the text of the speech about the continuity and change in the Wessex landscape delivered by the author at the 2008 Albert Reckitt Archaeological Lecture held at the British Academy. It describes the Wessex landscape as an area of chalkland situated in the centre of the chalk uplands of southern Britain, highlights the results of archaeological excavations in Wessex, and describes the principal types of settlement in the area.
Elena Pischikova (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789774166181
- eISBN:
- 9781617975448
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774166181.001.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This volume is the first joint publication of the members of the American–Egyptian mission South Asasif Conservation Project, working under the auspices of the State Ministry for Antiquities and ...
More
This volume is the first joint publication of the members of the American–Egyptian mission South Asasif Conservation Project, working under the auspices of the State Ministry for Antiquities and Supreme Council of Antiquities, and directed by the editor. The Project is dedicated to the clearing, restoration, and reconstruction of the tombs of Karabasken (TT 391) and Karakhamun (TT 223) of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty, and the tomb of Irtieru (TT 390) of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty, on the West Bank of Luxor. Essays by the experts involved in the excavations and analysis cover the history of the Kushite ruling dynasties in Egypt and the hierarchy of Kushite society, the history of the South Asasif Necropolis and its discovery, the architecture and textual and decorative programs of the tombs, and the finds of burial equipment, pottery, and animal bones. Contributors: Adam Booth, Julia Budka, Diethelm Eigner, Kenneth Griffin, Salima Ikram, Jack Josephson, Robert Morkot, Christopher Naunton, Elena Pischikova, Miguel Molinero Polo, Kasia Szpakowska, John Taylor.Less
This volume is the first joint publication of the members of the American–Egyptian mission South Asasif Conservation Project, working under the auspices of the State Ministry for Antiquities and Supreme Council of Antiquities, and directed by the editor. The Project is dedicated to the clearing, restoration, and reconstruction of the tombs of Karabasken (TT 391) and Karakhamun (TT 223) of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty, and the tomb of Irtieru (TT 390) of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty, on the West Bank of Luxor. Essays by the experts involved in the excavations and analysis cover the history of the Kushite ruling dynasties in Egypt and the hierarchy of Kushite society, the history of the South Asasif Necropolis and its discovery, the architecture and textual and decorative programs of the tombs, and the finds of burial equipment, pottery, and animal bones. Contributors: Adam Booth, Julia Budka, Diethelm Eigner, Kenneth Griffin, Salima Ikram, Jack Josephson, Robert Morkot, Christopher Naunton, Elena Pischikova, Miguel Molinero Polo, Kasia Szpakowska, John Taylor.
Wafaa El Saddik and Rüdiger Heimlich
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9789774168253
- eISBN:
- 9781617978173
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774168253.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
Growing up in Egypt's Nile Delta, the author was fascinated by the magnificent pharaonic monuments from an early age, and as a student dreamed of conducting excavations and working in the Egyptian ...
More
Growing up in Egypt's Nile Delta, the author was fascinated by the magnificent pharaonic monuments from an early age, and as a student dreamed of conducting excavations and working in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. At a time when Egyptology was dominated by men, especially those with close connections to the regime, the author was determined to succeed, and secured grants to study in Boston, London, and Vienna, eventually becoming the first female general director of the country's most prestigious museum. The author launched the first general inventory of the museum's cellars in its more than 100-year history, in the process discovering long-forgotten treasures, as well as confronting corruption and nepotism in the antiquities administration. In this very personal memoir, the author looks back at the history of Egypt and asks, what happened to the country? Where did Nasser's bright new beginning go wrong? Why did Sadat fail to bring peace? Why did the Egyptians allow themselves to be so corrupted by Mubarak? And why was the Muslim Brotherhood able to achieve power? But the author's first concern remains: How can the ancient legacy of Egypt truly be protected?Less
Growing up in Egypt's Nile Delta, the author was fascinated by the magnificent pharaonic monuments from an early age, and as a student dreamed of conducting excavations and working in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. At a time when Egyptology was dominated by men, especially those with close connections to the regime, the author was determined to succeed, and secured grants to study in Boston, London, and Vienna, eventually becoming the first female general director of the country's most prestigious museum. The author launched the first general inventory of the museum's cellars in its more than 100-year history, in the process discovering long-forgotten treasures, as well as confronting corruption and nepotism in the antiquities administration. In this very personal memoir, the author looks back at the history of Egypt and asks, what happened to the country? Where did Nasser's bright new beginning go wrong? Why did Sadat fail to bring peace? Why did the Egyptians allow themselves to be so corrupted by Mubarak? And why was the Muslim Brotherhood able to achieve power? But the author's first concern remains: How can the ancient legacy of Egypt truly be protected?
Miroslav Verner
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9789774167904
- eISBN:
- 9781617978227
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774167904.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This epilogue considers some of the challenges that lie ahead for the Czech archaeological team, led by Ludwig Borchardt, with regard to exploration of Abusir. After Borchardt's archaeological ...
More
This epilogue considers some of the challenges that lie ahead for the Czech archaeological team, led by Ludwig Borchardt, with regard to exploration of Abusir. After Borchardt's archaeological excavations before World War I and subsequently more than half a century of Czech explorations, it seems like all important archaeological monuments in Abusir have already been found and examined and no more major discoveries can be expected. However, the opposite is true. The chapter discusses the problems concerning the dominant monuments in the Abusir royal cemetery—the pyramids. It also highlights the fact that many large tombs in the immediate vicinity of the pyramids remain unexplored and concludes with an overview of another archaeological challenge facing the Czech team in South Abusir: the unfinished excavation of the cemetery from the Early Dynastic Period, adjacent from the east to the Old Kingdom cemetery.Less
This epilogue considers some of the challenges that lie ahead for the Czech archaeological team, led by Ludwig Borchardt, with regard to exploration of Abusir. After Borchardt's archaeological excavations before World War I and subsequently more than half a century of Czech explorations, it seems like all important archaeological monuments in Abusir have already been found and examined and no more major discoveries can be expected. However, the opposite is true. The chapter discusses the problems concerning the dominant monuments in the Abusir royal cemetery—the pyramids. It also highlights the fact that many large tombs in the immediate vicinity of the pyramids remain unexplored and concludes with an overview of another archaeological challenge facing the Czech team in South Abusir: the unfinished excavation of the cemetery from the Early Dynastic Period, adjacent from the east to the Old Kingdom cemetery.
LUCIENNE THYS-ŞENOCAK, RAHMI NURHAN ÇELİK, ARZU ÖZSAVAŞÇI, and GÜLSÜN TANYELİ
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264423
- eISBN:
- 9780191734793
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264423.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
The Ottoman fortress of Seddülbahir on the European shores of the Dardanelles and Kumkale, its sister fortress on the opposite side of the Straits, were both built in 1658 by Hadice Turhan Sultan, ...
More
The Ottoman fortress of Seddülbahir on the European shores of the Dardanelles and Kumkale, its sister fortress on the opposite side of the Straits, were both built in 1658 by Hadice Turhan Sultan, the queen mother or valide sultan of Sultan Mehmed IV. The Seddülbahir restoration project illustrates that the type of information that can be extracted from the Ottoman building and repair records is invaluable for guiding decisions concerning potential excavation sites. Along with the non-invasive techniques that are increasingly a part of pre-excavation archaeological planning, a thorough investigation of the extant physical remains, and the visual records provided in engravings and other representational sources, an examination of the building and repair records in the Ottoman archives should be standard methodological practice for any Ottoman era archaeological or restoration project.Less
The Ottoman fortress of Seddülbahir on the European shores of the Dardanelles and Kumkale, its sister fortress on the opposite side of the Straits, were both built in 1658 by Hadice Turhan Sultan, the queen mother or valide sultan of Sultan Mehmed IV. The Seddülbahir restoration project illustrates that the type of information that can be extracted from the Ottoman building and repair records is invaluable for guiding decisions concerning potential excavation sites. Along with the non-invasive techniques that are increasingly a part of pre-excavation archaeological planning, a thorough investigation of the extant physical remains, and the visual records provided in engravings and other representational sources, an examination of the building and repair records in the Ottoman archives should be standard methodological practice for any Ottoman era archaeological or restoration project.
