Duana Fullwiley
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691123165
- eISBN:
- 9781400840410
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691123165.003.0005
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter chronicles how, in the 1950s, sickle hemoglobin was tested in the blood of various Senegalese ethnic groups to determine the bounded nature of population-based race and ethnic groupings ...
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This chapter chronicles how, in the 1950s, sickle hemoglobin was tested in the blood of various Senegalese ethnic groups to determine the bounded nature of population-based race and ethnic groupings within the geopolitical terrain of French West Africa (l'Afrique Occidentale Française, the “AOF”). These colonial uses of sickle cell DNA markers to scientifically define group belonging were later interrupted by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) technology starting in the late 1970s. RFLPs allowed researchers to pinpoint DNA variants around the sickle cell gene and thus provided new ways of measuring and lumping human physiological distinction in terms of unified “national” genetic difference, which were based thereafter on haplotype patterns. In addition, this chapter chronicles how discourses of ethnic population purity continue to drive Parisian scientists' interests in new sickle cell research for which they hope to enlist Senegalese collaborators in the here and now.Less
This chapter chronicles how, in the 1950s, sickle hemoglobin was tested in the blood of various Senegalese ethnic groups to determine the bounded nature of population-based race and ethnic groupings within the geopolitical terrain of French West Africa (l'Afrique Occidentale Française, the “AOF”). These colonial uses of sickle cell DNA markers to scientifically define group belonging were later interrupted by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) technology starting in the late 1970s. RFLPs allowed researchers to pinpoint DNA variants around the sickle cell gene and thus provided new ways of measuring and lumping human physiological distinction in terms of unified “national” genetic difference, which were based thereafter on haplotype patterns. In addition, this chapter chronicles how discourses of ethnic population purity continue to drive Parisian scientists' interests in new sickle cell research for which they hope to enlist Senegalese collaborators in the here and now.
Arthur M. Mitchell
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781501752919
- eISBN:
- 9781501752933
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501752919.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, African Studies
This chapter examines Yokomitsu Riichi's urban fiction, as well as his modernist treatise, in the context of the rhetoric of urban renewal that emerged in the wake of the Great Kantō Earthquake. The ...
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This chapter examines Yokomitsu Riichi's urban fiction, as well as his modernist treatise, in the context of the rhetoric of urban renewal that emerged in the wake of the Great Kantō Earthquake. The earthquake, which precipitated a crisis in the ideology of progress that had fueled national modernization for the previous several decades, inflected the fervor over-consumption practices promoted in the language of daily life reform to focus much more intensively on the self and the spirit. Yokomitsu responded to this through his “Neo-Sensationist” (shinkankaku) literature. His essay of that title strategically employs Kantian phenomenology to complicate and subvert essentialist phenomenological models and expose the ideologies of ethnic purity they implied. His urban fiction employed perceptually disorienting language to narrate the experience of protagonists who become cognitively estranged from their environments. In this way, his fiction directly disputed the ethnic essentialism that was chauvinistically being posited as the foundation for a new imperial urban renaissance.Less
This chapter examines Yokomitsu Riichi's urban fiction, as well as his modernist treatise, in the context of the rhetoric of urban renewal that emerged in the wake of the Great Kantō Earthquake. The earthquake, which precipitated a crisis in the ideology of progress that had fueled national modernization for the previous several decades, inflected the fervor over-consumption practices promoted in the language of daily life reform to focus much more intensively on the self and the spirit. Yokomitsu responded to this through his “Neo-Sensationist” (shinkankaku) literature. His essay of that title strategically employs Kantian phenomenology to complicate and subvert essentialist phenomenological models and expose the ideologies of ethnic purity they implied. His urban fiction employed perceptually disorienting language to narrate the experience of protagonists who become cognitively estranged from their environments. In this way, his fiction directly disputed the ethnic essentialism that was chauvinistically being posited as the foundation for a new imperial urban renaissance.
Amy G. Remensnyder
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199892983
- eISBN:
- 9780199388868
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199892983.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, World Medieval History, World Early Modern History
Reconquest Spain haunts modern New Mexico’s ethnic politics, producing a vision of medieval New Mexico often articulated through Mary. Folktales, civic rituals, and histories transform the state into ...
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Reconquest Spain haunts modern New Mexico’s ethnic politics, producing a vision of medieval New Mexico often articulated through Mary. Folktales, civic rituals, and histories transform the state into a place where “Moors” and Christians battle under her aegis. This partly resulted from efforts by New Mexicans after US annexation to forge a racial identity as white, European, and ancient as that claimed by Anglos. These people turned to Santa Fe’s Conquistadora. Fray Angélico Chávez even suggested that through her, New Mexican Hispanos’ lineages extended back to medieval Spain. Though drawn into a myth of ethnic purity denying centuries of mestizaje – sex across ethnic lines – Santa Fe’s Conquistadora has partisans among contemporary New Mexicans celebrating such mixed identities. Like these people’s interpretations of her, the resolution of the 1992 controversy over her title offers hope she may become a bridge-builder: her new official name is La Conquistadora, Our Lady of Peace.Less
Reconquest Spain haunts modern New Mexico’s ethnic politics, producing a vision of medieval New Mexico often articulated through Mary. Folktales, civic rituals, and histories transform the state into a place where “Moors” and Christians battle under her aegis. This partly resulted from efforts by New Mexicans after US annexation to forge a racial identity as white, European, and ancient as that claimed by Anglos. These people turned to Santa Fe’s Conquistadora. Fray Angélico Chávez even suggested that through her, New Mexican Hispanos’ lineages extended back to medieval Spain. Though drawn into a myth of ethnic purity denying centuries of mestizaje – sex across ethnic lines – Santa Fe’s Conquistadora has partisans among contemporary New Mexicans celebrating such mixed identities. Like these people’s interpretations of her, the resolution of the 1992 controversy over her title offers hope she may become a bridge-builder: her new official name is La Conquistadora, Our Lady of Peace.
Ahmed Kanna
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816656301
- eISBN:
- 9781452946122
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816656301.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter contextualizes the relationship between the citizen and the foreigner, as defined by the workings of the family-state. It is commonly believed that the rift between the citizens and the ...
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This chapter contextualizes the relationship between the citizen and the foreigner, as defined by the workings of the family-state. It is commonly believed that the rift between the citizens and the foreigners had arisen due to economic globalization, which introduced expatriates into the Arab Gulf out of a need for more workers in the oil industry. Such an arrangement had fostered resentment between the citizens and the foreigners, with the former either being presumed resentful under cultural and racial grounds, if not outright resistant of modern ideals of globalization. This assumption is missing a rather crucial context, however—that of the participation of the family-state in internal affairs. Government efforts to conceptualize nationalism emphasized ethnic purity as the basis for citizenship—a move that would protect the privileged foreigners yet undermine the positions of the less privileged expatriates.Less
This chapter contextualizes the relationship between the citizen and the foreigner, as defined by the workings of the family-state. It is commonly believed that the rift between the citizens and the foreigners had arisen due to economic globalization, which introduced expatriates into the Arab Gulf out of a need for more workers in the oil industry. Such an arrangement had fostered resentment between the citizens and the foreigners, with the former either being presumed resentful under cultural and racial grounds, if not outright resistant of modern ideals of globalization. This assumption is missing a rather crucial context, however—that of the participation of the family-state in internal affairs. Government efforts to conceptualize nationalism emphasized ethnic purity as the basis for citizenship—a move that would protect the privileged foreigners yet undermine the positions of the less privileged expatriates.