Adil E. Shamoo and David B. Resnik
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195368246
- eISBN:
- 9780199867615
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195368246.003.0012
- Subject:
- Biology, Disease Ecology / Epidemiology, Biochemistry / Molecular Biology
This chapter discusses the history of human experimentation, with special attention to cases that have helped to shape ethical guidelines and policies. It discusses important codes, such as the ...
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This chapter discusses the history of human experimentation, with special attention to cases that have helped to shape ethical guidelines and policies. It discusses important codes, such as the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki, and it provides an overview of U.S. federal regulations. The chapter also addresses some key concepts and principles in human research, such as informed consent, risk/benefit ratios, minimal risk, and research versus therapy.Less
This chapter discusses the history of human experimentation, with special attention to cases that have helped to shape ethical guidelines and policies. It discusses important codes, such as the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki, and it provides an overview of U.S. federal regulations. The chapter also addresses some key concepts and principles in human research, such as informed consent, risk/benefit ratios, minimal risk, and research versus therapy.
Marcelo Montes Penha, Michele G. Shedlin, Carol A. Reisen, Paul J. Poppen, Fernanda T. Bianchi, Carlos U. Decena, and Maria Cecilia Zea
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034317
- eISBN:
- 9780813039312
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034317.003.0009
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Social Groups
In conducting ethnographic research, it is important that fieldworkers have ethical guidelines to provide direction concerning ethical standards, professional conduct, and methods of obtaining ...
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In conducting ethnographic research, it is important that fieldworkers have ethical guidelines to provide direction concerning ethical standards, professional conduct, and methods of obtaining high-quality data. In this chapter, the authors address issues that they faced in developing guidelines for ethnographic fieldwork on sexual behavior among Latino men who have sex with men (MSM). Ethnographic observations were conducted as part of a larger study concerning contextual influences on sexual risk among Brazilian, Colombian, and Dominican gay men in the New York City area. Gay-identified Latino fieldworkers carried out participant observation in venues where Latino men went to socialize and to find sex partners. Existing guidelines from professional organizations did not adequately address the unique and special conditions that these fieldworkers faced. Therefore, the authors set out to create their own set of guidelines that prohibited sex and drinking between researchers and their informants. This chapter also compares the different ethical guidelines developed by the two leading psychological and anthropological organizations, the American Psychological Association and the American Anthropological Association, and observes greater ethical flexibility among anthropologists.Less
In conducting ethnographic research, it is important that fieldworkers have ethical guidelines to provide direction concerning ethical standards, professional conduct, and methods of obtaining high-quality data. In this chapter, the authors address issues that they faced in developing guidelines for ethnographic fieldwork on sexual behavior among Latino men who have sex with men (MSM). Ethnographic observations were conducted as part of a larger study concerning contextual influences on sexual risk among Brazilian, Colombian, and Dominican gay men in the New York City area. Gay-identified Latino fieldworkers carried out participant observation in venues where Latino men went to socialize and to find sex partners. Existing guidelines from professional organizations did not adequately address the unique and special conditions that these fieldworkers faced. Therefore, the authors set out to create their own set of guidelines that prohibited sex and drinking between researchers and their informants. This chapter also compares the different ethical guidelines developed by the two leading psychological and anthropological organizations, the American Psychological Association and the American Anthropological Association, and observes greater ethical flexibility among anthropologists.
Nancy Berlinger, Bruce Jennings, and Susan M. Wolf
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199974566
- eISBN:
- 9780199333332
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199974566.003.0011
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making
The values, priorities, and structure of a health care institution affect the lives of the patients, loved ones, and professionals in this institution. Much as professionals have ethical obligations, ...
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The values, priorities, and structure of a health care institution affect the lives of the patients, loved ones, and professionals in this institution. Much as professionals have ethical obligations, institutions also have ethical responsibilities. This section discusses guidelines for institutional policy. It covers guidelines on ethics services in institutions providing care for patients facing decisions about life-sustaining treatment or approaching the end of life; guidelines on palliative care services; guidelines supporting advance care planning; guidelines supporting portable medical orders; guidelines supporting care transitions; guidelines on the role of institutional legal counsel and risk management in supporting good care; and guidelines on conflict resolution.Less
The values, priorities, and structure of a health care institution affect the lives of the patients, loved ones, and professionals in this institution. Much as professionals have ethical obligations, institutions also have ethical responsibilities. This section discusses guidelines for institutional policy. It covers guidelines on ethics services in institutions providing care for patients facing decisions about life-sustaining treatment or approaching the end of life; guidelines on palliative care services; guidelines supporting advance care planning; guidelines supporting portable medical orders; guidelines supporting care transitions; guidelines on the role of institutional legal counsel and risk management in supporting good care; and guidelines on conflict resolution.
Lynne M. Healy and Rosemary J. Link (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195333619
- eISBN:
- 9780199918195
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195333619.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
Global knowledge is increasingly essential for all aspects of social work. Today's professionals respond to concerns including permeable borders, the upheavals of war, displaced workers, natural ...
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Global knowledge is increasingly essential for all aspects of social work. Today's professionals respond to concerns including permeable borders, the upheavals of war, displaced workers, natural disasters, international adoption, and human trafficking. Everywhere, social workers work with service users and colleagues from diverse cultures and countries. Globally relevant concepts such as human rights, development, and inclusion offer new perspectives to enhance policy and practice and facilitate the international exchange of ideas. This collection of seventy-three chapters confirms the integral and necessary nature of international social work knowledge to all areas of practice, policy, and research. Chapters systematically map the key issues, organizations, competencies, training and research needs, and ethical guidelines central to international social work practice today, emphasizing the linkages among social work, development, and human rights practice. In-depth country case studies and policy examples encourage readers to understand how their practice in social work touches on international issues, regardless of whether the work is done at home or abroad.Less
Global knowledge is increasingly essential for all aspects of social work. Today's professionals respond to concerns including permeable borders, the upheavals of war, displaced workers, natural disasters, international adoption, and human trafficking. Everywhere, social workers work with service users and colleagues from diverse cultures and countries. Globally relevant concepts such as human rights, development, and inclusion offer new perspectives to enhance policy and practice and facilitate the international exchange of ideas. This collection of seventy-three chapters confirms the integral and necessary nature of international social work knowledge to all areas of practice, policy, and research. Chapters systematically map the key issues, organizations, competencies, training and research needs, and ethical guidelines central to international social work practice today, emphasizing the linkages among social work, development, and human rights practice. In-depth country case studies and policy examples encourage readers to understand how their practice in social work touches on international issues, regardless of whether the work is done at home or abroad.
Alys Young and Bogusia Temple
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199929535
- eISBN:
- 9780190256241
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199929535.003.0004
- Subject:
- Psychology, Clinical Psychology
This chapter examines how common ethical issues in social research might be expressed differently in studies that concern d/Deaf people and focus on specific consequences for praxis. It argues that ...
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This chapter examines how common ethical issues in social research might be expressed differently in studies that concern d/Deaf people and focus on specific consequences for praxis. It argues that ethical issues are at the same time political when working with a culturally minoritized group and suggests that ethics is situated epistemology rather than formalized processes and procedures. It also considers informed consent, the right to anonymity, and confidentiality in relation to ethical guidelines, standards, and protocols associated with the design and conduct of research.Less
This chapter examines how common ethical issues in social research might be expressed differently in studies that concern d/Deaf people and focus on specific consequences for praxis. It argues that ethical issues are at the same time political when working with a culturally minoritized group and suggests that ethics is situated epistemology rather than formalized processes and procedures. It also considers informed consent, the right to anonymity, and confidentiality in relation to ethical guidelines, standards, and protocols associated with the design and conduct of research.
Maree Gruppetta
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847420411
- eISBN:
- 9781447303190
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847420411.003.0015
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sociology of Religion
This chapter reflects on the lived results of working within a disciplinary tradition that marginalises religious knowledge. It also discusses the ways researchers and practitioners can inadvertently ...
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This chapter reflects on the lived results of working within a disciplinary tradition that marginalises religious knowledge. It also discusses the ways researchers and practitioners can inadvertently offend those with specific faith identities. In researches involving faith communities, there are ethical guidelines that must be heeded. Only through heeding these ethical guidelines can dilemmas be avoided and resolved. However, not all of these issues can be addressed so easily. Issues which are categorised as ‘macro’ issues are formalised and standardised issues within the faith traditions. These include food requirements, dress code, and appropriate terminology. These types of issues can be easily addressed as they can be researched in advance. Micro issues or the ‘day-to-day’ practices of religiosity on the other hand are quite difficult to address as they vary dramatically within faith traditions and they are not well documented. The chapter also includes a number of examples of micro issues that were at the centre of incidents of inadvertent offence.Less
This chapter reflects on the lived results of working within a disciplinary tradition that marginalises religious knowledge. It also discusses the ways researchers and practitioners can inadvertently offend those with specific faith identities. In researches involving faith communities, there are ethical guidelines that must be heeded. Only through heeding these ethical guidelines can dilemmas be avoided and resolved. However, not all of these issues can be addressed so easily. Issues which are categorised as ‘macro’ issues are formalised and standardised issues within the faith traditions. These include food requirements, dress code, and appropriate terminology. These types of issues can be easily addressed as they can be researched in advance. Micro issues or the ‘day-to-day’ practices of religiosity on the other hand are quite difficult to address as they vary dramatically within faith traditions and they are not well documented. The chapter also includes a number of examples of micro issues that were at the centre of incidents of inadvertent offence.
Elizabeth Hume and Jessica Baumgardner-Zuzik
- Published in print:
- 2022
- Published Online:
- June 2022
- ISBN:
- 9780197632819
- eISBN:
- 9780197632857
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197632819.003.0017
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy, Security Studies
This chapter highlights the need for rigorous research in crafting viable and effective peacebuilding programs. Across the field, there is relatively little by way of sustained reflection, empirical ...
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This chapter highlights the need for rigorous research in crafting viable and effective peacebuilding programs. Across the field, there is relatively little by way of sustained reflection, empirical data, or ethical guidelines that would help one navigate wicked ethical problems. This chapter is especially focused on research that privileges technical mastery and methodological sophistication while ignoring issues of context, the rights and moral standing of research subjects (including vulnerable civilians), and asymmetric power relations. The authors work at the Alliance for Peacebuilding, a central player in modern peacebuilding, with over 120 member organizations from across the humanitarian aid and development worlds, as well as major academic research institutions. The chapter lays out a set of practical guidelines for ethically informed research that underscores the need for conflict sensitivity, protections for vulnerable research populations, and clearer standards for program design, implementation, and monitoring.Less
This chapter highlights the need for rigorous research in crafting viable and effective peacebuilding programs. Across the field, there is relatively little by way of sustained reflection, empirical data, or ethical guidelines that would help one navigate wicked ethical problems. This chapter is especially focused on research that privileges technical mastery and methodological sophistication while ignoring issues of context, the rights and moral standing of research subjects (including vulnerable civilians), and asymmetric power relations. The authors work at the Alliance for Peacebuilding, a central player in modern peacebuilding, with over 120 member organizations from across the humanitarian aid and development worlds, as well as major academic research institutions. The chapter lays out a set of practical guidelines for ethically informed research that underscores the need for conflict sensitivity, protections for vulnerable research populations, and clearer standards for program design, implementation, and monitoring.
