Wendell Wallach and Colin Allen
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195374049
- eISBN:
- 9780199871889
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374049.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
A framework is provided for understanding the trajectory toward increasingly sophisticated artificial moral agents, emphasizing two dimensions: autonomy and sensitivity to morally relevant facts. ...
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A framework is provided for understanding the trajectory toward increasingly sophisticated artificial moral agents, emphasizing two dimensions: autonomy and sensitivity to morally relevant facts. Systems low on both dimensions have “operational morality” their moral significance is entirely in the hands of designers and users. Systems intermediate on either dimension have “functional morality” the machines themselves can assess and respond to moral challenges. Full moral agents, high on both dimensions, may be unattainable with present technology. This framework is compared to Moor's categories, which range from implicit ethical agents whose actions have ethical impact, to explicit ethical agents that are explicit ethical reasoners. Different ethical issues are raised by AI's various objectives from the augmentation of human decision making (basic decision support systems to cyborgs) to fully autonomous systems. Finally, the feasibility of a modified Turing Test for evaluating artificial moral agents—a Moral Turing Test—is discussed.Less
A framework is provided for understanding the trajectory toward increasingly sophisticated artificial moral agents, emphasizing two dimensions: autonomy and sensitivity to morally relevant facts. Systems low on both dimensions have “operational morality” their moral significance is entirely in the hands of designers and users. Systems intermediate on either dimension have “functional morality” the machines themselves can assess and respond to moral challenges. Full moral agents, high on both dimensions, may be unattainable with present technology. This framework is compared to Moor's categories, which range from implicit ethical agents whose actions have ethical impact, to explicit ethical agents that are explicit ethical reasoners. Different ethical issues are raised by AI's various objectives from the augmentation of human decision making (basic decision support systems to cyborgs) to fully autonomous systems. Finally, the feasibility of a modified Turing Test for evaluating artificial moral agents—a Moral Turing Test—is discussed.
Miguel Sicart
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262012652
- eISBN:
- 9780262255134
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262012652.001.0001
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Game Studies
Despite the emergence of computer games as a dominant cultural industry (and the accompanying emergence of computer games as the subject of scholarly research), we know little or nothing about the ...
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Despite the emergence of computer games as a dominant cultural industry (and the accompanying emergence of computer games as the subject of scholarly research), we know little or nothing about the ethics of computer games. Considerations of the morality of computer games seldom go beyond intermittent portrayals of them in the mass media as training devices for teenage serial killers. This exploration of the subject addresses broader issues about the ethics of games, the ethics of playing the games, and the ethical responsibilities of game designers. It argues that computer games are ethical objects, that computer game players are ethical agents, and that the ethics of computer games should be seen as a complex network of responsibilities and moral duties. Players should not be considered passive amoral creatures; they reflect, relate, and create with ethical minds. The games they play are ethical systems, with rules that create gameworlds with values at play. Drawing on concepts from philosophy and game studies, the book proposes a framework for analyzing the ethics of computer games as both designed objects and player experiences. After presentin core theoretical arguments and offering a general theory for understanding computer game ethics, the book offers case studies examining single-player games (using Bioshock as an example), multiplayer games (illustrated by Defcon), and online gameworlds (illustrated by World of Warcraft) from an ethical perspective. It explores issues raised by unethical content in computer games and its possible effect on players.Less
Despite the emergence of computer games as a dominant cultural industry (and the accompanying emergence of computer games as the subject of scholarly research), we know little or nothing about the ethics of computer games. Considerations of the morality of computer games seldom go beyond intermittent portrayals of them in the mass media as training devices for teenage serial killers. This exploration of the subject addresses broader issues about the ethics of games, the ethics of playing the games, and the ethical responsibilities of game designers. It argues that computer games are ethical objects, that computer game players are ethical agents, and that the ethics of computer games should be seen as a complex network of responsibilities and moral duties. Players should not be considered passive amoral creatures; they reflect, relate, and create with ethical minds. The games they play are ethical systems, with rules that create gameworlds with values at play. Drawing on concepts from philosophy and game studies, the book proposes a framework for analyzing the ethics of computer games as both designed objects and player experiences. After presentin core theoretical arguments and offering a general theory for understanding computer game ethics, the book offers case studies examining single-player games (using Bioshock as an example), multiplayer games (illustrated by Defcon), and online gameworlds (illustrated by World of Warcraft) from an ethical perspective. It explores issues raised by unethical content in computer games and its possible effect on players.
