John Tobin
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199603299
- eISBN:
- 9780191731662
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199603299.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
The formulation of the right to health in international law lists a series of explicit measures that states must pursue in order to secure the full implementation of this right. These measures, which ...
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The formulation of the right to health in international law lists a series of explicit measures that states must pursue in order to secure the full implementation of this right. These measures, which range from an obligation to reduce infant mortality to the development of preventive health care and family planning services, are extremely broad and open textured. This chapter seeks to examine the extent to which parameters can be placed around their meaning in a way that allows states and the broader interpretative community to agree on the nature of the practical steps required to secure their implementation. Although considerable deference must be given to states' margin of appreciation to allow for a context-sensitive implementation of these specific measures, this margin remains subject to the overriding caveat that whatever measures are adopted by states must be effective.Less
The formulation of the right to health in international law lists a series of explicit measures that states must pursue in order to secure the full implementation of this right. These measures, which range from an obligation to reduce infant mortality to the development of preventive health care and family planning services, are extremely broad and open textured. This chapter seeks to examine the extent to which parameters can be placed around their meaning in a way that allows states and the broader interpretative community to agree on the nature of the practical steps required to secure their implementation. Although considerable deference must be given to states' margin of appreciation to allow for a context-sensitive implementation of these specific measures, this margin remains subject to the overriding caveat that whatever measures are adopted by states must be effective.
Simone Turchetti
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226595658
- eISBN:
- 9780226595825
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226595825.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
During the 1980s and 1990s NATO's science program changed once more to accommodate new interests. Following an intense debate in the Science Committee, a new program named Science for Stability was ...
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During the 1980s and 1990s NATO's science program changed once more to accommodate new interests. Following an intense debate in the Science Committee, a new program named Science for Stability was launched with the goal of promoting scientific research in politically and economically weaker NATO member states. This investment stifled NATO's environmental agenda, though, as the subgroups set up to research on pollution were now disbanded. Plans for promoting research on global environmental threats such as climate change were laid out, but eventually mothballed. On the contrary, the end of the Cold War breathed new life in the Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society, whose initiatives matched NATO's efforts to befriend potential allies in Eastern Europe.Less
During the 1980s and 1990s NATO's science program changed once more to accommodate new interests. Following an intense debate in the Science Committee, a new program named Science for Stability was launched with the goal of promoting scientific research in politically and economically weaker NATO member states. This investment stifled NATO's environmental agenda, though, as the subgroups set up to research on pollution were now disbanded. Plans for promoting research on global environmental threats such as climate change were laid out, but eventually mothballed. On the contrary, the end of the Cold War breathed new life in the Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society, whose initiatives matched NATO's efforts to befriend potential allies in Eastern Europe.
HAROLD L. WILENSKY
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520231764
- eISBN:
- 9780520928336
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520231764.003.0015
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
This chapter examines the national differences in reducing environmental threats in nineteenth rich democracies. The available data suggest that types of political economy and public policies are ...
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This chapter examines the national differences in reducing environmental threats in nineteenth rich democracies. The available data suggest that types of political economy and public policies are important in explaining national differences in air quality, occupational health and safety, nuclear energy development and safety, and rehabilitation of the handicapped but less important in explaining different rates of reduction in addiction to smoking. This chapter explains that for all these five areas of environmental threat and policy response, the story since the early 1970s has been the same.Less
This chapter examines the national differences in reducing environmental threats in nineteenth rich democracies. The available data suggest that types of political economy and public policies are important in explaining national differences in air quality, occupational health and safety, nuclear energy development and safety, and rehabilitation of the handicapped but less important in explaining different rates of reduction in addiction to smoking. This chapter explains that for all these five areas of environmental threat and policy response, the story since the early 1970s has been the same.
Michael Maniates
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014366
- eISBN:
- 9780262289603
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014366.003.0125
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
There are several positive ways in which people can fight against global warming and thwart environmental threats to human beings. US environmental organizations, like the Center for a New American ...
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There are several positive ways in which people can fight against global warming and thwart environmental threats to human beings. US environmental organizations, like the Center for a New American Dream and the Pittsburgh Zoo, are promoting several strategies that focus on the consumer-centric politics of environmental action. This is a kind of politics that appears to grow as major public concern about environmental ills and energy vulnerability increases. The chapter further focuses on the evolution of Take Back Your Time (TBYT) and its new initiative Right2Vacation.org in the context of sacrifice and environmental sustainability.Less
There are several positive ways in which people can fight against global warming and thwart environmental threats to human beings. US environmental organizations, like the Center for a New American Dream and the Pittsburgh Zoo, are promoting several strategies that focus on the consumer-centric politics of environmental action. This is a kind of politics that appears to grow as major public concern about environmental ills and energy vulnerability increases. The chapter further focuses on the evolution of Take Back Your Time (TBYT) and its new initiative Right2Vacation.org in the context of sacrifice and environmental sustainability.
Stolarski Richard S.
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226284132
- eISBN:
- 9780226284163
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226284163.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Ozone in the stratosphere shields the Earth from ultraviolet radiation. Worries about the possible depletion of this protective layer led, in the early 1980s, to international attempts to control ...
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Ozone in the stratosphere shields the Earth from ultraviolet radiation. Worries about the possible depletion of this protective layer led, in the early 1980s, to international attempts to control chlorofluorocarbons, the manmade chemicals thought to be responsible. But it took the dramatic discovery of the Antarctic “ozone hole,” in 1985, to show that humans really were modifying the global environment. The resulting international agreements have put the atmosphere on the road to recovery and provide a model for environmental stewardship. The discovery of the ozone hole gave a huge jolt to the field. Dynamicists thought it might be the result of ozone-poor air flowing upward from the lower atmosphere. The ozone hole was the first clear evidence that man could damage the global environment, but it also provided the first case of concerted international action to counteract such an effect. Its story provides both a cautionary tale and a guiding light for the future, when other environmental threats to the planet will have to be faced by humanity as a whole.Less
Ozone in the stratosphere shields the Earth from ultraviolet radiation. Worries about the possible depletion of this protective layer led, in the early 1980s, to international attempts to control chlorofluorocarbons, the manmade chemicals thought to be responsible. But it took the dramatic discovery of the Antarctic “ozone hole,” in 1985, to show that humans really were modifying the global environment. The resulting international agreements have put the atmosphere on the road to recovery and provide a model for environmental stewardship. The discovery of the ozone hole gave a huge jolt to the field. Dynamicists thought it might be the result of ozone-poor air flowing upward from the lower atmosphere. The ozone hole was the first clear evidence that man could damage the global environment, but it also provided the first case of concerted international action to counteract such an effect. Its story provides both a cautionary tale and a guiding light for the future, when other environmental threats to the planet will have to be faced by humanity as a whole.
Michael Patten
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520235939
- eISBN:
- 9780520929449
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520235939.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
The Salton Sea, California's largest inland lake, supports a spectacular bird population that is among the most concentrated and most diverse in the world. Sadly, this crucial stopover along the ...
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The Salton Sea, California's largest inland lake, supports a spectacular bird population that is among the most concentrated and most diverse in the world. Sadly, this crucial stopover along the Pacific Flyway for migratory and wintering shorebirds, landbirds, and waterfowl is dangerously close to collapse from several environmental threats. This book describes the birds of Salton Sea, more than 450 species and subspecies in all. Synthesizing data from many sources, including observations from their long-term work in the area, the authors' species accounts discuss each bird's abundance, seasonal status, movement patterns, biogeographic affinities, habitat associations, and more. The book also includes general information on the region's history and biogeography.Less
The Salton Sea, California's largest inland lake, supports a spectacular bird population that is among the most concentrated and most diverse in the world. Sadly, this crucial stopover along the Pacific Flyway for migratory and wintering shorebirds, landbirds, and waterfowl is dangerously close to collapse from several environmental threats. This book describes the birds of Salton Sea, more than 450 species and subspecies in all. Synthesizing data from many sources, including observations from their long-term work in the area, the authors' species accounts discuss each bird's abundance, seasonal status, movement patterns, biogeographic affinities, habitat associations, and more. The book also includes general information on the region's history and biogeography.
