Jan Zielonka
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199292219
- eISBN:
- 9780191603754
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199292213.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter traces the initial gap between the current and the new member states. It tries to establish to what degree various domestic reforms undertaken by individual post-communist countries have ...
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This chapter traces the initial gap between the current and the new member states. It tries to establish to what degree various domestic reforms undertaken by individual post-communist countries have succeeded in rendering them more compatible with the former EU-15. It argues that the overall success of the reform process is beyond doubt in all eight countries that joined the Union in 2004, and even in the so-called “pre-ins”: Romania and Bulgaria. However, although new members have made considerable progress in securing peace and building democracy and free markets, their progress is uneven across individual fields and countries, thus increasing diversity within the EU as a consequence of enlargement.Less
This chapter traces the initial gap between the current and the new member states. It tries to establish to what degree various domestic reforms undertaken by individual post-communist countries have succeeded in rendering them more compatible with the former EU-15. It argues that the overall success of the reform process is beyond doubt in all eight countries that joined the Union in 2004, and even in the so-called “pre-ins”: Romania and Bulgaria. However, although new members have made considerable progress in securing peace and building democracy and free markets, their progress is uneven across individual fields and countries, thus increasing diversity within the EU as a consequence of enlargement.
Jan Zielonka
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199292219
- eISBN:
- 9780191603754
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199292213.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter examines the way the EU accession process contributed to greater convergence across the old East-West divide. It argues that the eastern enlargement was an impressive exercise in empire ...
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This chapter examines the way the EU accession process contributed to greater convergence across the old East-West divide. It argues that the eastern enlargement was an impressive exercise in empire building. The Union tried to assert political and economic control over that unstable and impoverished neighborhood. However, this imperial exercise lacked a broader strategic vision — it was prone to parochial pressures and its implementation was fairly benign. The countries of Eastern Europe had to comply with an ever growing list of conditions, but were given access to the EU’s decision-making and resources at the end of the accession process.Less
This chapter examines the way the EU accession process contributed to greater convergence across the old East-West divide. It argues that the eastern enlargement was an impressive exercise in empire building. The Union tried to assert political and economic control over that unstable and impoverished neighborhood. However, this imperial exercise lacked a broader strategic vision — it was prone to parochial pressures and its implementation was fairly benign. The countries of Eastern Europe had to comply with an ever growing list of conditions, but were given access to the EU’s decision-making and resources at the end of the accession process.
Jan Zielonka
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199292219
- eISBN:
- 9780191603754
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199292213.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter examines how the enlarged EU is likely to respond to three major economic challenges: Will the enlarged EU attempt to bridge the internal development gaps by flexible policies ...
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This chapter examines how the enlarged EU is likely to respond to three major economic challenges: Will the enlarged EU attempt to bridge the internal development gaps by flexible policies stimulating growth or by central redistribution from Brussels? Will the enlarged EU cope with the challenge of global economic competition by opting for more institutional differentiation or central regulation? Will it try to insulate itself from poor and unstable neighbors or try to govern them? In all three cases, the enlarged EU is more likely to embrace the neo-medieval rather than the neo-Westphalian alternative.Less
This chapter examines how the enlarged EU is likely to respond to three major economic challenges: Will the enlarged EU attempt to bridge the internal development gaps by flexible policies stimulating growth or by central redistribution from Brussels? Will the enlarged EU cope with the challenge of global economic competition by opting for more institutional differentiation or central regulation? Will it try to insulate itself from poor and unstable neighbors or try to govern them? In all three cases, the enlarged EU is more likely to embrace the neo-medieval rather than the neo-Westphalian alternative.
Jan Zielonka
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199292219
- eISBN:
- 9780191603754
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199292213.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter examines major challenges to democratic governance. It finds that the enlarged EU is more likely to opt for neo-medieval rather than neo-Westphalian solutions, and shows that the Union ...
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This chapter examines major challenges to democratic governance. It finds that the enlarged EU is more likely to opt for neo-medieval rather than neo-Westphalian solutions, and shows that the Union is likely to have a more multi-layered and multi-centered governance structure. Various non-majoritarian institutions are likely to dominate over a weak European parliament(s). Neither the assertion of a European demos nor consolidation of a European public space is expected.Less
This chapter examines major challenges to democratic governance. It finds that the enlarged EU is more likely to opt for neo-medieval rather than neo-Westphalian solutions, and shows that the Union is likely to have a more multi-layered and multi-centered governance structure. Various non-majoritarian institutions are likely to dominate over a weak European parliament(s). Neither the assertion of a European demos nor consolidation of a European public space is expected.
Lykke Friis and Anna Murphy
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297574
- eISBN:
- 9780191598982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297572.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Enlargement has required the EU to juggle four main challenges: the difficulties of integration, policy and functioning repercussions of enlargement, managing the order of accession to the EU, and ...
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Enlargement has required the EU to juggle four main challenges: the difficulties of integration, policy and functioning repercussions of enlargement, managing the order of accession to the EU, and the need for stronger policies towards non-member neighbours. This chapter presents a conceptual framework which combines governance theory with the concept of boundaries to explain this juggling act. It argues that this juggling act can only be sustained in the short term, and will come under pressure in the medium term.Less
Enlargement has required the EU to juggle four main challenges: the difficulties of integration, policy and functioning repercussions of enlargement, managing the order of accession to the EU, and the need for stronger policies towards non-member neighbours. This chapter presents a conceptual framework which combines governance theory with the concept of boundaries to explain this juggling act. It argues that this juggling act can only be sustained in the short term, and will come under pressure in the medium term.
Paul Fabian Mullen
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297574
- eISBN:
- 9780191598982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297572.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter examines the impact of EU enlargement on the Translation Services of the Court of Justice of the European Communities. The Translation Service is already struggling with stagnating ...
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This chapter examines the impact of EU enlargement on the Translation Services of the Court of Justice of the European Communities. The Translation Service is already struggling with stagnating resources and an ever-increasing workload. Eastward enlargement will not only amplify existing problems, but create new ones.Less
This chapter examines the impact of EU enlargement on the Translation Services of the Court of Justice of the European Communities. The Translation Service is already struggling with stagnating resources and an ever-increasing workload. Eastward enlargement will not only amplify existing problems, but create new ones.
Ingmar Von Homeyer, Alexander Carius, and Stefani Bär
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297574
- eISBN:
- 9780191598982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297572.003.0017
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The Eastern enlargement of the European Union poses risks to European Community environmental policy. Eastern and Central European countries have difficulty adopting the environmental chapter of the ...
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The Eastern enlargement of the European Union poses risks to European Community environmental policy. Eastern and Central European countries have difficulty adopting the environmental chapter of the acquis communautaire, the common body of legislation. The widespread use of transition periods for adopting the acquis may lead to a partial renationalisation of environmental policy-making.Less
The Eastern enlargement of the European Union poses risks to European Community environmental policy. Eastern and Central European countries have difficulty adopting the environmental chapter of the acquis communautaire, the common body of legislation. The widespread use of transition periods for adopting the acquis may lead to a partial renationalisation of environmental policy-making.
Helen Wallace
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297574
- eISBN:
- 9780191598982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297572.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter discusses the paucity of theories on the enlargement of the European Union. Literature on the EU has generally treated enlargement as a series of episodes, rather than a phenomenon ...
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This chapter discusses the paucity of theories on the enlargement of the European Union. Literature on the EU has generally treated enlargement as a series of episodes, rather than a phenomenon intrinsic to the integration process. However, a new generation of scholars in political science and international relations have begun to explore the dynamics of EU enlargement. Studies by Friis (1997), Schimmelpfennig (1999), and Torreblanca (2000) are just some of the efforts to analyse the nature of enlargement as a feature of EU integration.Less
This chapter discusses the paucity of theories on the enlargement of the European Union. Literature on the EU has generally treated enlargement as a series of episodes, rather than a phenomenon intrinsic to the integration process. However, a new generation of scholars in political science and international relations have begun to explore the dynamics of EU enlargement. Studies by Friis (1997), Schimmelpfennig (1999), and Torreblanca (2000) are just some of the efforts to analyse the nature of enlargement as a feature of EU integration.
Ulrich Sedelmeier
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297574
- eISBN:
- 9780191598982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297572.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter examines the EU’s policy towards Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs). It argues that the EU’s collective identity includes the notion of a ‘special responsibility’ towards ...
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This chapter examines the EU’s policy towards Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs). It argues that the EU’s collective identity includes the notion of a ‘special responsibility’ towards CEECs. It involves purely self-interested behaviour by policymakers acting on behalf of the EU, and prescribes a degree of accommodation for CEECs’ preferences in EU policy. This component of collective identity limits the range of available policy options by precluding certain options as inappropriate, and reinforcing the legitimacy of others.Less
This chapter examines the EU’s policy towards Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs). It argues that the EU’s collective identity includes the notion of a ‘special responsibility’ towards CEECs. It involves purely self-interested behaviour by policymakers acting on behalf of the EU, and prescribes a degree of accommodation for CEECs’ preferences in EU policy. This component of collective identity limits the range of available policy options by precluding certain options as inappropriate, and reinforcing the legitimacy of others.
André Sapir, Philippe Aghion, Giuseppe Bertola, Martin Hellwig, Jean Pisani-Ferry, Dariusz Rosati, José Viñals, Helen Wallace, Marco Buti, Mario Nava, and Peter M. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199271481
- eISBN:
- 9780191602573
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199271488.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
The enlargement of the European Union into 25 countries will have a major impact on its neighbours in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin, as well as change its relationship with the rest of the ...
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The enlargement of the European Union into 25 countries will have a major impact on its neighbours in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin, as well as change its relationship with the rest of the world. The EU must promote the economic development of its neighbours to ensure economic and political stability in the Euro-Mediterranean region. The creation of a Euro-Mediterranean trading bloc could reinforce two other trading blocs: the Free Trade Area of the Americas and the Asian trading bloc. The EU must also play a role in ensuring the success of the globalisation process.Less
The enlargement of the European Union into 25 countries will have a major impact on its neighbours in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin, as well as change its relationship with the rest of the world. The EU must promote the economic development of its neighbours to ensure economic and political stability in the Euro-Mediterranean region. The creation of a Euro-Mediterranean trading bloc could reinforce two other trading blocs: the Free Trade Area of the Americas and the Asian trading bloc. The EU must also play a role in ensuring the success of the globalisation process.
Milada Anna Vachudova
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199241194
- eISBN:
- 9780191602382
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199241198.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The quality of political competition at the moment of transition explains the divergence in the domestic trajectories of East European states, steering Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic towards ...
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The quality of political competition at the moment of transition explains the divergence in the domestic trajectories of East European states, steering Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic towards liberal democracy, and Romania, Bulgaria and Slovakia towards illiberal democracy after 1989. From 1989 to 1994, the European Union (EU) exerted only passive leverage on its democratizing neighbours, reinforcing liberal strategies of reform but failing to avert illiberal ones. After 1995, the EU exerted active leverage on the domestic politics of credible future members through the enlargement process. The benefits and requirements of EU membership, combined with the structure of the EU’s pre-accession process, interacted with domestic factors to improve the quality of political competition and to accelerate political and economic reforms in candidate states. The enlargement of the EU has thus promoted a convergence towards liberal democracy across the region. I unpack the consequences of the pre-accession process for the quality of democracy in the new members, the dynamics of the negotiations between the old members and the candidates, and the impact of the 2004 enlargement on the future of European integration. I conclude by exploring the usefulness of the EU’s active leverage in promoting liberal democracy in other prospective members such as Turkey and the states of the Western Balkans, and the trade-offs of further enlargements for the EU itself. The most successful tool of EU foreign policy has turned out to be EU enlargement—and this book helps us understand why and how it works.Less
The quality of political competition at the moment of transition explains the divergence in the domestic trajectories of East European states, steering Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic towards liberal democracy, and Romania, Bulgaria and Slovakia towards illiberal democracy after 1989. From 1989 to 1994, the European Union (EU) exerted only passive leverage on its democratizing neighbours, reinforcing liberal strategies of reform but failing to avert illiberal ones. After 1995, the EU exerted active leverage on the domestic politics of credible future members through the enlargement process. The benefits and requirements of EU membership, combined with the structure of the EU’s pre-accession process, interacted with domestic factors to improve the quality of political competition and to accelerate political and economic reforms in candidate states. The enlargement of the EU has thus promoted a convergence towards liberal democracy across the region. I unpack the consequences of the pre-accession process for the quality of democracy in the new members, the dynamics of the negotiations between the old members and the candidates, and the impact of the 2004 enlargement on the future of European integration. I conclude by exploring the usefulness of the EU’s active leverage in promoting liberal democracy in other prospective members such as Turkey and the states of the Western Balkans, and the trade-offs of further enlargements for the EU itself. The most successful tool of EU foreign policy has turned out to be EU enlargement—and this book helps us understand why and how it works.
Stefano Bartolini
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199286430
- eISBN:
- 9780191603242
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199286434.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter devotes attention to the specific features of the new centre at the European level, and focuses on the peculiarities of its institutional design. The typical centre-building features of ...
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This chapter devotes attention to the specific features of the new centre at the European level, and focuses on the peculiarities of its institutional design. The typical centre-building features of territorial expansion, legal centralization, integration of the national and supra-national techno-bureaucratic infrastructure, and competence accretion have developed together with a persisting weak territoriality, an unclear competence attribution in vertical and horizontal senses, a partial constitutional empowerment of the subjects qua economic agents, and uncertain legitimacy sources. This configuration points to an ‘elite consolidation’, resulting from an alliance between national rulers (the national governments, the MPs) and the supra-national techno-bureaucratic centre builders (in the Commission, the Court, the European Central Bank). It is argued that any attempt to separate the powers, distribute the competencies, and strengthen direct forms of legitimacy would upset the inter-elite form of control on which this consolidation has rested to date.Less
This chapter devotes attention to the specific features of the new centre at the European level, and focuses on the peculiarities of its institutional design. The typical centre-building features of territorial expansion, legal centralization, integration of the national and supra-national techno-bureaucratic infrastructure, and competence accretion have developed together with a persisting weak territoriality, an unclear competence attribution in vertical and horizontal senses, a partial constitutional empowerment of the subjects qua economic agents, and uncertain legitimacy sources. This configuration points to an ‘elite consolidation’, resulting from an alliance between national rulers (the national governments, the MPs) and the supra-national techno-bureaucratic centre builders (in the Commission, the Court, the European Central Bank). It is argued that any attempt to separate the powers, distribute the competencies, and strengthen direct forms of legitimacy would upset the inter-elite form of control on which this consolidation has rested to date.
Milada Anna Vachudova
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199241194
- eISBN:
- 9780191602382
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199241198.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Ten new members, eight of them post-communist states, joined the EU on 1 May 2004. This chapter takes up three issues that will shape the future of an enlarged EU. First, the EU’s active leverage has ...
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Ten new members, eight of them post-communist states, joined the EU on 1 May 2004. This chapter takes up three issues that will shape the future of an enlarged EU. First, the EU’s active leverage has had a substantial impact on the political and economic institutions of the new members: has it promoted robust democratic institutions and a vigorous economy, as I have argued, or did it in fact undermine them? Second, the endgame of the negotiations forced unfavourable terms of accession onto the new members: will these unfavourable terms translate into a permanent second-class status? Or will the new members, bargaining hard to improve their position and importing diversity, bring European integration to a standstill? I argue that both concerns are overblown. Third, why did the EU decide to enlarge to these eight post-communist states, and how much further it is likely to go? The EU’s active leverage has been working in parts of the Western Balkans and in Turkey, and it could work elsewhere. The costs of foreclosing future membership for countries such as Turkey, Ukraine, or Belarus could be substantial, yet EU elites and publics are far from reconciled to further enlargements.Less
Ten new members, eight of them post-communist states, joined the EU on 1 May 2004. This chapter takes up three issues that will shape the future of an enlarged EU. First, the EU’s active leverage has had a substantial impact on the political and economic institutions of the new members: has it promoted robust democratic institutions and a vigorous economy, as I have argued, or did it in fact undermine them? Second, the endgame of the negotiations forced unfavourable terms of accession onto the new members: will these unfavourable terms translate into a permanent second-class status? Or will the new members, bargaining hard to improve their position and importing diversity, bring European integration to a standstill? I argue that both concerns are overblown. Third, why did the EU decide to enlarge to these eight post-communist states, and how much further it is likely to go? The EU’s active leverage has been working in parts of the Western Balkans and in Turkey, and it could work elsewhere. The costs of foreclosing future membership for countries such as Turkey, Ukraine, or Belarus could be substantial, yet EU elites and publics are far from reconciled to further enlargements.
Marise Cremona (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199644735
- eISBN:
- 9780191740695
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199644735.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law, Public International Law
The enlargement of the EU has highlighted the challenges of compliance, but it has also helped to suggest new compliance methodologies. The combination of methodologies used by the EU and the ...
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The enlargement of the EU has highlighted the challenges of compliance, but it has also helped to suggest new compliance methodologies. The combination of methodologies used by the EU and the differing levels of enforcement available are characteristic of the EU's compliance system, permitting the remarkable reach and penetration of EU norms into national systems. This study offers assessment of the enforcement procedures and compliance processes that have been developed to ensure Member State compliance with EU law. The first three chapters examine the merits of combing both coercive and problem-solving strategies, describing the systems in place and focusing on the different levels at which compliance mechanisms operate: national, regional, and international. It also looks at horizontal compliance as well as ‘from above’ compliance, creating a complex and rich picture of the EU's system. The final three chapters of the book focus on different aspects of compliance seen from a national perspective. The first analyses the two bases for the use of criminal sanctions to enforce EU law: the ability of Member States to choose to include criminal penalties for non-compliance in their national law; and the imposition of criminal sanctions at a national level by EU law itself. The book then moves on to a discussion of the role of national courts in ensuring Member State compliance with, and enforcement of, EU law. It examines the role of national constitutional courts in facilitating compliance with EU law and draws comparisons between EU law and international law and their interactions both with each other and with national constitutional courts.Less
The enlargement of the EU has highlighted the challenges of compliance, but it has also helped to suggest new compliance methodologies. The combination of methodologies used by the EU and the differing levels of enforcement available are characteristic of the EU's compliance system, permitting the remarkable reach and penetration of EU norms into national systems. This study offers assessment of the enforcement procedures and compliance processes that have been developed to ensure Member State compliance with EU law. The first three chapters examine the merits of combing both coercive and problem-solving strategies, describing the systems in place and focusing on the different levels at which compliance mechanisms operate: national, regional, and international. It also looks at horizontal compliance as well as ‘from above’ compliance, creating a complex and rich picture of the EU's system. The final three chapters of the book focus on different aspects of compliance seen from a national perspective. The first analyses the two bases for the use of criminal sanctions to enforce EU law: the ability of Member States to choose to include criminal penalties for non-compliance in their national law; and the imposition of criminal sanctions at a national level by EU law itself. The book then moves on to a discussion of the role of national courts in ensuring Member State compliance with, and enforcement of, EU law. It examines the role of national constitutional courts in facilitating compliance with EU law and draws comparisons between EU law and international law and their interactions both with each other and with national constitutional courts.
Sydney D. Bailey and Sam Daws
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198280736
- eISBN:
- 9780191598746
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198280734.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The Procedure of the UN Security Council is the definitive book of its kind and has been widely used by UN practitioners and scholars for over twenty years. This new revised and ...
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The Procedure of the UN Security Council is the definitive book of its kind and has been widely used by UN practitioners and scholars for over twenty years. This new revised and thoroughly updated third edition encompasses the many changes in Council procedure that have occurred since the end of the Cold War, which ushered in new possibilities for international co‐operation, and increased recourse to the UN. The last decade has seen the Gulf War and a plethora of new and often complex peacekeeping operations, from Bosnia to Rwanda, and such increased demands and associated expectations have placed a spotlight on the role and functioning of the Security Council. Recent years have seen a greater recourse to informal consultations of Council members prior to Council meetings, and the search for consensual Council decision‐making has led to differences of opinion on both procedural and substantive matters being dealt with largely during such consultations. This has produced calls from non‐members for greater Council transparency. Other proposals, both from within and outside the UN, have advocated reforms to the Council's composition or working methods to ensure its continued effectiveness and legitimacy. The new edition attempts to reflect the many recent developments in the procedure of the Security Council, while still reflecting the considerable continuity that exists with the past. In particular, to illustrate and illuminate aspects of Council procedure, many examples have been used from the UN's early years, since this was the time when many of the original precedents were created. Some of the anecdotes that touch on the human side of Council diplomacy have also been retained. The new edition includes new information on the following: the Provisional Rules of Procedure; public and private meetings; consultations and briefings with non‐members and troop‐contributors, including transparency, Presidential briefings, and orientation debates; informal consultations and ‘Arria formula’ meetings; the appointment of the Secretary‐General of the UN; relationships with the UN General Assembly, the UN International Court of Justice, the UN Trusteeship Council, and the UN Military Staff Committee; subsidiary organs, including sanctions committees; the veto and Security Council membership; Chapter VII resolutions, UN peacekeeping and UN‐authorized enforcement; Council enlargement and de jure and de facto Charter amendments; changes in Council documentation; and ad hoc and regional groupings in the Council.Less
The Procedure of the UN Security Council is the definitive book of its kind and has been widely used by UN practitioners and scholars for over twenty years. This new revised and thoroughly updated third edition encompasses the many changes in Council procedure that have occurred since the end of the Cold War, which ushered in new possibilities for international co‐operation, and increased recourse to the UN. The last decade has seen the Gulf War and a plethora of new and often complex peacekeeping operations, from Bosnia to Rwanda, and such increased demands and associated expectations have placed a spotlight on the role and functioning of the Security Council. Recent years have seen a greater recourse to informal consultations of Council members prior to Council meetings, and the search for consensual Council decision‐making has led to differences of opinion on both procedural and substantive matters being dealt with largely during such consultations. This has produced calls from non‐members for greater Council transparency. Other proposals, both from within and outside the UN, have advocated reforms to the Council's composition or working methods to ensure its continued effectiveness and legitimacy. The new edition attempts to reflect the many recent developments in the procedure of the Security Council, while still reflecting the considerable continuity that exists with the past. In particular, to illustrate and illuminate aspects of Council procedure, many examples have been used from the UN's early years, since this was the time when many of the original precedents were created. Some of the anecdotes that touch on the human side of Council diplomacy have also been retained. The new edition includes new information on the following: the Provisional Rules of Procedure; public and private meetings; consultations and briefings with non‐members and troop‐contributors, including transparency, Presidential briefings, and orientation debates; informal consultations and ‘Arria formula’ meetings; the appointment of the Secretary‐General of the UN; relationships with the UN General Assembly, the UN International Court of Justice, the UN Trusteeship Council, and the UN Military Staff Committee; subsidiary organs, including sanctions committees; the veto and Security Council membership; Chapter VII resolutions, UN peacekeeping and UN‐authorized enforcement; Council enlargement and de jure and de facto Charter amendments; changes in Council documentation; and ad hoc and regional groupings in the Council.
Susan Baker
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199242016
- eISBN:
- 9780191599736
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242011.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
Analyses efforts of the central institutions of the European Union to come to terms with sustainable development. It examines the response of different European institutions, highlighting the role of ...
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Analyses efforts of the central institutions of the European Union to come to terms with sustainable development. It examines the response of different European institutions, highlighting the role of the Commission in shaping the EU response. While noting the important efforts that have been made to engage with sustainable development—for example, through the Fifth Environmental Action Plan (5EAP)—it points also to the institutional obstacles to more thorough implementation. The issues of the contrasting development and environment priorities of different member states, the EU focus on the removal of barriers to the single market, and the challenges of enlargement, are all discussed.Less
Analyses efforts of the central institutions of the European Union to come to terms with sustainable development. It examines the response of different European institutions, highlighting the role of the Commission in shaping the EU response. While noting the important efforts that have been made to engage with sustainable development—for example, through the Fifth Environmental Action Plan (5EAP)—it points also to the institutional obstacles to more thorough implementation. The issues of the contrasting development and environment priorities of different member states, the EU focus on the removal of barriers to the single market, and the challenges of enlargement, are all discussed.
Michelle Cini
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199535026
- eISBN:
- 9780191715860
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199535026.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, European Union
Expectations of the Commission's ability to provide leadership derived from its treaty functions, the cultivated spillover from them, and the Hallstein and Delors presidencies. Its functions of ...
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Expectations of the Commission's ability to provide leadership derived from its treaty functions, the cultivated spillover from them, and the Hallstein and Delors presidencies. Its functions of agenda-setting and policy initiation have given it political influence. President Santer sought to do less in this area and concentrate on the Commission's neglected administrative role. This low-profile, introverted focus on managerial reform left the preparation of enlargement and the Euro to others. Santer's enforced resignation was followed by President Prodi's completion of major East European enlargement and the changeover to the Euro. He was ineffective in enforcing the Stability and Growth Pact, and in his forlorn attempt at federalist treaty reform when the EU was moving increasingly towards intergovernmentalism. Increased intervention by the Council of Ministers and Parliament has confined the Commission to the management of policy networks rather than political leadership.Less
Expectations of the Commission's ability to provide leadership derived from its treaty functions, the cultivated spillover from them, and the Hallstein and Delors presidencies. Its functions of agenda-setting and policy initiation have given it political influence. President Santer sought to do less in this area and concentrate on the Commission's neglected administrative role. This low-profile, introverted focus on managerial reform left the preparation of enlargement and the Euro to others. Santer's enforced resignation was followed by President Prodi's completion of major East European enlargement and the changeover to the Euro. He was ineffective in enforcing the Stability and Growth Pact, and in his forlorn attempt at federalist treaty reform when the EU was moving increasingly towards intergovernmentalism. Increased intervention by the Council of Ministers and Parliament has confined the Commission to the management of policy networks rather than political leadership.
Alistair Cole
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199535026
- eISBN:
- 9780191715860
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199535026.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, European Union
Neither the centrality nor cohesion of Franco-German EU potential leadership should be assumed. However, the EU has great institutional, symbolic, economic and political resources enabling it to ...
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Neither the centrality nor cohesion of Franco-German EU potential leadership should be assumed. However, the EU has great institutional, symbolic, economic and political resources enabling it to initiate increased integration and formulate acceptable compromises to others. The Common Agricultural Policy was an enduring bilateral bargain. Any pretence of a hegemonic Franco-German directorate receded under the leadership of Chirac and Schröder, Sarkozy and Merkel. Disagreements over enlargement and constitutional provisions in particular have increased other bilateral and multilateral relationships in a larger EU. Where Franco-German agreement exists on intergovernmental matters they can block changes or enforce issues relating to the Stability and Growth Pact sanctions on which Germany had insisted. On foreign and defence policy (e.g., over Iraq), Germany has moved closer to France than the USA, while both Merkel and Sarkozy promoted a minimal substitute for the constitutional reform fiasco. Their leadership capacity is no longer what it used to be.Less
Neither the centrality nor cohesion of Franco-German EU potential leadership should be assumed. However, the EU has great institutional, symbolic, economic and political resources enabling it to initiate increased integration and formulate acceptable compromises to others. The Common Agricultural Policy was an enduring bilateral bargain. Any pretence of a hegemonic Franco-German directorate receded under the leadership of Chirac and Schröder, Sarkozy and Merkel. Disagreements over enlargement and constitutional provisions in particular have increased other bilateral and multilateral relationships in a larger EU. Where Franco-German agreement exists on intergovernmental matters they can block changes or enforce issues relating to the Stability and Growth Pact sanctions on which Germany had insisted. On foreign and defence policy (e.g., over Iraq), Germany has moved closer to France than the USA, while both Merkel and Sarkozy promoted a minimal substitute for the constitutional reform fiasco. Their leadership capacity is no longer what it used to be.
Oskar Niedermayer and Richard Sinnott (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294764
- eISBN:
- 9780191600005
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829476X.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The way in which the citizens of Western Europe are governed is no longer decided on a purely national level. This book is the second in the ‘Beliefs in government’ series, and systematically ...
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The way in which the citizens of Western Europe are governed is no longer decided on a purely national level. This book is the second in the ‘Beliefs in government’ series, and systematically explores the attitudes of European publics to this internationalization of governance, and examines trends and sources of support for European integration. Are positive attitudes due to hand‐outs from Brussels, or the economic benefits of the single market? What are the roles of class, education, and leadership? Does a European identity and a basic level of intra‐European trust exist? How do problems of subsidiarity and of democratic deficit affect legitimacy, and how do all of these issues relate to the nation state? As well as these other issues, the book also looks at EU enlargement, EFTA, Central and Eastern Europe, and attitudes to NATO both before and after the events of 1989. The problems are examined from the different perspectives of integration theory, international relations, and comparative politics. A final chapter spells out the implications for the future of European governance.Less
The way in which the citizens of Western Europe are governed is no longer decided on a purely national level. This book is the second in the ‘Beliefs in government’ series, and systematically explores the attitudes of European publics to this internationalization of governance, and examines trends and sources of support for European integration. Are positive attitudes due to hand‐outs from Brussels, or the economic benefits of the single market? What are the roles of class, education, and leadership? Does a European identity and a basic level of intra‐European trust exist? How do problems of subsidiarity and of democratic deficit affect legitimacy, and how do all of these issues relate to the nation state? As well as these other issues, the book also looks at EU enlargement, EFTA, Central and Eastern Europe, and attitudes to NATO both before and after the events of 1989. The problems are examined from the different perspectives of integration theory, international relations, and comparative politics. A final chapter spells out the implications for the future of European governance.
Tanja A. Börzel and Rachel A. Cichowski (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199257409
- eISBN:
- 9780191600951
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019925740X.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This is the sixth volume in the biennial series State of the European Union, which was launched in 1991 and is produced under the auspices of the European Union Studies Association (EUSA). It takes ...
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This is the sixth volume in the biennial series State of the European Union, which was launched in 1991 and is produced under the auspices of the European Union Studies Association (EUSA). It takes the dynamic interaction between law, politics, and society as a starting point to think critically about recent developments and future innovations in European integration and EU studies. The book provides an overview of recent key events in the EU, while illuminating how these institutional (formal legal) developments impact on ordinary individuals and EU politics. For example, it examines the European Convention with the possibility of an EU constitution, and asks what impact the creation of judicially enforceable rights may have on Europeans and European integration, and how the opportunity for new rights claims alters the balance of power between individuals and EU organizations (such as the European Court of Justice vis‐á‐vis national governments in EU policy expansion). The book also seeks to provide a unique and interdisciplinary approach to studying the EU by bringing together legal scholars and political scientists. Chapter contributors offer readers sophisticated theoretical and empirical accounts of new developments. Issues such as enlargement, immigration reform, and monetary union require a precise understanding of an increasingly complex set of formal legal rules (the domain of legal scholars), and, equally important, of the effects on ordinary citizens and political participation (the power struggles that concern political scientists). The volume seeks to integrate these two approaches and bridge the divide between them. It is arranged in eight parts: I, EU Law and Politics: The State of the Discipline (3 chapters concerned with broad changes, both theoretical and substantive, in the area of EU politics and law); II, Structures of Governance (3 chapters providing in‐depth analyses of new structures of governance and modes of decision making in the EU); III, EU Citizen Rights and Civil Society (2 chapters) and IV, EU Law in Action (3 chapters), which engage the many processes and recent developments characterizing the interactions between law, politics, and society in the EU; V, Innovation and Expansion (3 chapters analysing the salient policy innovations and expansion since 2000, from monetary to immigration policy); VI, Researching and Teaching the EU (2 chapters discussing cutting‐edge techniques, methodology, and resources for research and teaching in the area of EU studies); VII, References; and VIII, List of Contributors.Less
This is the sixth volume in the biennial series State of the European Union, which was launched in 1991 and is produced under the auspices of the European Union Studies Association (EUSA). It takes the dynamic interaction between law, politics, and society as a starting point to think critically about recent developments and future innovations in European integration and EU studies. The book provides an overview of recent key events in the EU, while illuminating how these institutional (formal legal) developments impact on ordinary individuals and EU politics. For example, it examines the European Convention with the possibility of an EU constitution, and asks what impact the creation of judicially enforceable rights may have on Europeans and European integration, and how the opportunity for new rights claims alters the balance of power between individuals and EU organizations (such as the European Court of Justice vis‐á‐vis national governments in EU policy expansion). The book also seeks to provide a unique and interdisciplinary approach to studying the EU by bringing together legal scholars and political scientists. Chapter contributors offer readers sophisticated theoretical and empirical accounts of new developments. Issues such as enlargement, immigration reform, and monetary union require a precise understanding of an increasingly complex set of formal legal rules (the domain of legal scholars), and, equally important, of the effects on ordinary citizens and political participation (the power struggles that concern political scientists). The volume seeks to integrate these two approaches and bridge the divide between them. It is arranged in eight parts: I, EU Law and Politics: The State of the Discipline (3 chapters concerned with broad changes, both theoretical and substantive, in the area of EU politics and law); II, Structures of Governance (3 chapters providing in‐depth analyses of new structures of governance and modes of decision making in the EU); III, EU Citizen Rights and Civil Society (2 chapters) and IV, EU Law in Action (3 chapters), which engage the many processes and recent developments characterizing the interactions between law, politics, and society in the EU; V, Innovation and Expansion (3 chapters analysing the salient policy innovations and expansion since 2000, from monetary to immigration policy); VI, Researching and Teaching the EU (2 chapters discussing cutting‐edge techniques, methodology, and resources for research and teaching in the area of EU studies); VII, References; and VIII, List of Contributors.
