A.G. Noorani and South Asia Human Rights Documentation Centre
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198074144
- eISBN:
- 9780199080823
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198074144.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
Since the 1990s, extra-judicial killings have become prevalent as a means to combat crime and terrorism in India. This chapter shows that official and unofficial policies, both within the police and ...
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Since the 1990s, extra-judicial killings have become prevalent as a means to combat crime and terrorism in India. This chapter shows that official and unofficial policies, both within the police and security forces and within the government and judiciary, are largely responsible for the prevalence of extra-judicial killings, also known as encounter killings, in India. It also argues that encounter killings are a violation of fundamental rights afforded by domestic and international law. After providing a historical overview of encounter killings, along with the broader media and cultural response, the chapter looks at the factors within the judicial system that appear to promote encounter killings. Finally, it examines the legality of encounter killings in relation to Indian domestic and international law.Less
Since the 1990s, extra-judicial killings have become prevalent as a means to combat crime and terrorism in India. This chapter shows that official and unofficial policies, both within the police and security forces and within the government and judiciary, are largely responsible for the prevalence of extra-judicial killings, also known as encounter killings, in India. It also argues that encounter killings are a violation of fundamental rights afforded by domestic and international law. After providing a historical overview of encounter killings, along with the broader media and cultural response, the chapter looks at the factors within the judicial system that appear to promote encounter killings. Finally, it examines the legality of encounter killings in relation to Indian domestic and international law.
Ghazala Jamil
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- April 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780199470655
- eISBN:
- 9780199090860
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199470655.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
Chapter five is an attempt to further develop the discussion on discursive subalterneity of Muslims. Although media practices generally and Bollywood cinema specifically have been an arena for ...
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Chapter five is an attempt to further develop the discussion on discursive subalterneity of Muslims. Although media practices generally and Bollywood cinema specifically have been an arena for analysis pertaining to stereotyping of Muslims, I claim in this chapter that this analysis itself has got mired in stereotypical ways of seeing and analysing. Focusing on representation as a process of essentializing identity I connect this to Lefebvre’s ‘representation of space’ focusing on dominant discourses in news media and Bollywood cinema regarding Muslim localities. In second section of this chapter the role of news media in spawning the representation of Muslims and Muslim spaces as dens of criminal and terrorist activities. The reportage of various police action against Muslim publics and persons (such as the extra-judicial killings of terror suspects in Batla House) are discussed to discern the earlier noted trend of representation of space such that segregation is provided a discursive reinforcement.Less
Chapter five is an attempt to further develop the discussion on discursive subalterneity of Muslims. Although media practices generally and Bollywood cinema specifically have been an arena for analysis pertaining to stereotyping of Muslims, I claim in this chapter that this analysis itself has got mired in stereotypical ways of seeing and analysing. Focusing on representation as a process of essentializing identity I connect this to Lefebvre’s ‘representation of space’ focusing on dominant discourses in news media and Bollywood cinema regarding Muslim localities. In second section of this chapter the role of news media in spawning the representation of Muslims and Muslim spaces as dens of criminal and terrorist activities. The reportage of various police action against Muslim publics and persons (such as the extra-judicial killings of terror suspects in Batla House) are discussed to discern the earlier noted trend of representation of space such that segregation is provided a discursive reinforcement.
M.K. Raghavendra
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199450565
- eISBN:
- 9780199083091
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199450565.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
This chapter examines the oeuvre of Madhur Bhandarkar whose films took the place of Hindi ‘middle cinema’ of the 1970s and 1980s for several years in the new millennium. ‘Middle’ cinema was ...
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This chapter examines the oeuvre of Madhur Bhandarkar whose films took the place of Hindi ‘middle cinema’ of the 1970s and 1980s for several years in the new millennium. ‘Middle’ cinema was essentially a middle-class cinema of social concern, but Bhandarkar’s films demonstrate how the concern of the middle class has transformed to mean something quite different from what it meant in the 1980s. This, essentially, has to do with how the middle class views the ‘other’ and the place of the ‘other’ in the imagined nation as well as the grand narrative of the nation—incorporating its teleology—in the global age. The chapter also examines how concern can lead to political capitulation as Bhandarkar’s Fashion demonstrates.Less
This chapter examines the oeuvre of Madhur Bhandarkar whose films took the place of Hindi ‘middle cinema’ of the 1970s and 1980s for several years in the new millennium. ‘Middle’ cinema was essentially a middle-class cinema of social concern, but Bhandarkar’s films demonstrate how the concern of the middle class has transformed to mean something quite different from what it meant in the 1980s. This, essentially, has to do with how the middle class views the ‘other’ and the place of the ‘other’ in the imagined nation as well as the grand narrative of the nation—incorporating its teleology—in the global age. The chapter also examines how concern can lead to political capitulation as Bhandarkar’s Fashion demonstrates.
