Lane Kenworthy
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199550593
- eISBN:
- 9780191720727
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199550593.003.00010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, Political Economy
This chapter examines the impact of ‘women-friendly’ policies — funding or provision of childcare, paid maternity/home care leaves, public employment, promotion of part-time work, tax systems that do ...
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This chapter examines the impact of ‘women-friendly’ policies — funding or provision of childcare, paid maternity/home care leaves, public employment, promotion of part-time work, tax systems that do not penalize a second earner in a household, and antidiscrimination and affirmative action policies — on women's employment. It also considers the relationship between female employment levels and household income inequality.Less
This chapter examines the impact of ‘women-friendly’ policies — funding or provision of childcare, paid maternity/home care leaves, public employment, promotion of part-time work, tax systems that do not penalize a second earner in a household, and antidiscrimination and affirmative action policies — on women's employment. It also considers the relationship between female employment levels and household income inequality.
Frank Deppe, Michael Felder, and Stefan Tidow
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199252268
- eISBN:
- 9780191601040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199252262.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Chapter 9 focuses on a new quality of linkages between the European and the national levels of governance in the area of European employment policy where ‘soft’ techniques of integration such as best ...
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Chapter 9 focuses on a new quality of linkages between the European and the national levels of governance in the area of European employment policy where ‘soft’ techniques of integration such as best practice procedures and benchmarking and the employment programmes of the European Social Funds prevail. However, so the argument goes, ‘soft’ forms of governance are much more than symbolic politics and may cause ‘hard’ effects. European employment policy is an instructive case demonstrating not only the structural change of European policy but also the (re-)structuring of the nation state by European integration. Thus, notable shifts in European employment policy are identified in three dimensions: (a) a reduced range of politics, (b) the dominance of criteria of economic rationality, and (c) a new demarcation between the public and the private sphere. Eventually, the division of labour between European and national governance will be altered by the open method of coordination in European employment policy as this ‘soft’ governance mechanism effectively blurs the boundaries between EU and member state responsibilities.Less
Chapter 9 focuses on a new quality of linkages between the European and the national levels of governance in the area of European employment policy where ‘soft’ techniques of integration such as best practice procedures and benchmarking and the employment programmes of the European Social Funds prevail. However, so the argument goes, ‘soft’ forms of governance are much more than symbolic politics and may cause ‘hard’ effects. European employment policy is an instructive case demonstrating not only the structural change of European policy but also the (re-)structuring of the nation state by European integration. Thus, notable shifts in European employment policy are identified in three dimensions: (a) a reduced range of politics, (b) the dominance of criteria of economic rationality, and (c) a new demarcation between the public and the private sphere. Eventually, the division of labour between European and national governance will be altered by the open method of coordination in European employment policy as this ‘soft’ governance mechanism effectively blurs the boundaries between EU and member state responsibilities.
Bruno Palier and Philippe Pochet
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199283958
- eISBN:
- 9780191603297
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199283958.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The achievements in European social policy are generally considered weak at best. The European Union’s apparent liberal and supply-side bias lends credence to the idea of a convergence towards the ...
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The achievements in European social policy are generally considered weak at best. The European Union’s apparent liberal and supply-side bias lends credence to the idea of a convergence towards the ‘hegemonic American model’. Yet employment policies and social protection policies have been formally included in European competencies under a specific procedure, the ‘Open Method of Coordination’. The unintended consequence of European economic and monetary integration is that different European organizations now compete for competence in the growing EU social field. This leads to considerable innovation in policy orientation and practices.Less
The achievements in European social policy are generally considered weak at best. The European Union’s apparent liberal and supply-side bias lends credence to the idea of a convergence towards the ‘hegemonic American model’. Yet employment policies and social protection policies have been formally included in European competencies under a specific procedure, the ‘Open Method of Coordination’. The unintended consequence of European economic and monetary integration is that different European organizations now compete for competence in the growing EU social field. This leads to considerable innovation in policy orientation and practices.
Sarah Harper
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199251162
- eISBN:
- 9780191602740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199251169.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter examines the situation of caregivers in the European Union who combine eldercare with employment, and EU policy responses. Among the unique aspects of eldercare are: more men and older ...
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This chapter examines the situation of caregivers in the European Union who combine eldercare with employment, and EU policy responses. Among the unique aspects of eldercare are: more men and older workers are involved in eldercare, most working carers live away from the older person, care needs are unpredictable, and carers may feel that they have little choice about their responsibilities. The lack of attention given to working carers in debates on employment, social protection, equal opportunities, and reconciliation of work and family life is emphasised.Less
This chapter examines the situation of caregivers in the European Union who combine eldercare with employment, and EU policy responses. Among the unique aspects of eldercare are: more men and older workers are involved in eldercare, most working carers live away from the older person, care needs are unpredictable, and carers may feel that they have little choice about their responsibilities. The lack of attention given to working carers in debates on employment, social protection, equal opportunities, and reconciliation of work and family life is emphasised.
Werner Eichhorst and Anton Hemerijck
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195376630
- eISBN:
- 9780199865499
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195376630.003.0010
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter begins with a discussion of the reform capacity of the semi-sovereign European welfare state. It then discusses employment as the most important measure for judging the sustainability of ...
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This chapter begins with a discussion of the reform capacity of the semi-sovereign European welfare state. It then discusses employment as the most important measure for judging the sustainability of the welfare state and the success of social and economic policy, regime-specific reform agendas, and the relative success of the European employment strategy.Less
This chapter begins with a discussion of the reform capacity of the semi-sovereign European welfare state. It then discusses employment as the most important measure for judging the sustainability of the welfare state and the success of social and economic policy, regime-specific reform agendas, and the relative success of the European employment strategy.
Diamond Ashiagbor
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199279647
- eISBN:
- 9780191707278
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279647.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law, Employment Law
This chapter examines the European Employment Strategy, particularly the employment guidelines, the institutional framework for employment policy generation, and the implications of the attempt to ...
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This chapter examines the European Employment Strategy, particularly the employment guidelines, the institutional framework for employment policy generation, and the implications of the attempt to integrate economic, employment and social policies. The influence of economic policy in the form of the Broad Economic Policy Guidelines and the Stability and Growth Pact; the three-pillar approach of the European Employment Pact, placing economic reform (the Cardiff process) and macro-economic dialogue (the Cologne process) alongside the coordinated employment strategy (the Luxembourg process); and the link between employment and competitiveness are all factors which strongly suggest a deregulatory agenda for the European Employment Strategy. Such emphasis on economic cohesion and convergence, at the expense of social policy and social protection, was thrown into sharp relief following the landmark European Council meeting in Lisbon in 2000, where for the first time since the introduction of the Employment Title, an explicit attempt was made to fully integrate policies on employment, economic reform and social cohesion.Less
This chapter examines the European Employment Strategy, particularly the employment guidelines, the institutional framework for employment policy generation, and the implications of the attempt to integrate economic, employment and social policies. The influence of economic policy in the form of the Broad Economic Policy Guidelines and the Stability and Growth Pact; the three-pillar approach of the European Employment Pact, placing economic reform (the Cardiff process) and macro-economic dialogue (the Cologne process) alongside the coordinated employment strategy (the Luxembourg process); and the link between employment and competitiveness are all factors which strongly suggest a deregulatory agenda for the European Employment Strategy. Such emphasis on economic cohesion and convergence, at the expense of social policy and social protection, was thrown into sharp relief following the landmark European Council meeting in Lisbon in 2000, where for the first time since the introduction of the Employment Title, an explicit attempt was made to fully integrate policies on employment, economic reform and social cohesion.
Diamond Ashiagbor
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199279647
- eISBN:
- 9780191707278
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279647.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law, Employment Law
This chapter assesses the extent to which the European Employment Strategy has ‘Europeanised’ national policy. The legal significance of the National Action Plans for Employment (NAPs) is analysed, ...
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This chapter assesses the extent to which the European Employment Strategy has ‘Europeanised’ national policy. The legal significance of the National Action Plans for Employment (NAPs) is analysed, along with the extent to which the interaction between the Employment Strategy and the European Monetary Union has given rise to new forms of corporatism in national wage and collective bargaining, EU Member States' NAPs since 1998, and the impact of EU internal market law on national employment and social policy. The chapter also focuses on the impact of the Employment Strategy in two Member States, the Netherlands and the UK, or rather, on the interaction between the objectives of EU policy and domestic political agendas for reform of welfare states and labour markets.Less
This chapter assesses the extent to which the European Employment Strategy has ‘Europeanised’ national policy. The legal significance of the National Action Plans for Employment (NAPs) is analysed, along with the extent to which the interaction between the Employment Strategy and the European Monetary Union has given rise to new forms of corporatism in national wage and collective bargaining, EU Member States' NAPs since 1998, and the impact of EU internal market law on national employment and social policy. The chapter also focuses on the impact of the Employment Strategy in two Member States, the Netherlands and the UK, or rather, on the interaction between the objectives of EU policy and domestic political agendas for reform of welfare states and labour markets.
Gertrude Schaffner Goldberg
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195314304
- eISBN:
- 9780199865574
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314304.003.0011
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter identifies the economic, social, and equal opportunity policies that facilitate women's achievement of an acceptable standard of living, or an escape from poverty independent of family ...
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This chapter identifies the economic, social, and equal opportunity policies that facilitate women's achievement of an acceptable standard of living, or an escape from poverty independent of family relations. Following discussion of policies conducive to this goal of de-familialization, two policies are highlighted: minimum-income guarantees and full employment. After considering economic and political resources for reducing the poverty of women, the discussion compares Sweden and the United States, two study countries that differ widely in social policies and the achievement of de-familialization. Finally, notwithstanding the difficulty of foreseeing the future in a time of crisis, there is an attempt to look ahead.Less
This chapter identifies the economic, social, and equal opportunity policies that facilitate women's achievement of an acceptable standard of living, or an escape from poverty independent of family relations. Following discussion of policies conducive to this goal of de-familialization, two policies are highlighted: minimum-income guarantees and full employment. After considering economic and political resources for reducing the poverty of women, the discussion compares Sweden and the United States, two study countries that differ widely in social policies and the achievement of de-familialization. Finally, notwithstanding the difficulty of foreseeing the future in a time of crisis, there is an attempt to look ahead.
Paul Davies and Mark Freedland
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199217878
- eISBN:
- 9780191712326
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199217878.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Employment Law
This chapter deals with the legislation and policies aimed at maximising levels of employment. It is argued that these policies brought together the areas of social security, tax, and employment law ...
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This chapter deals with the legislation and policies aimed at maximising levels of employment. It is argued that these policies brought together the areas of social security, tax, and employment law — traditionally considered as distinct — in pursuit of a single goal. From the social security side it analyses the content and impact of the various ‘New Deals’ — from tax law the role of tax credits, and from employment law the newly introduced National Minimum Wage and changes to the laws in the areas of discrimination (especially disability and age discrimination), training, and migrant workers. Finally, the development of British policy is placed in an international comparative setting.Less
This chapter deals with the legislation and policies aimed at maximising levels of employment. It is argued that these policies brought together the areas of social security, tax, and employment law — traditionally considered as distinct — in pursuit of a single goal. From the social security side it analyses the content and impact of the various ‘New Deals’ — from tax law the role of tax credits, and from employment law the newly introduced National Minimum Wage and changes to the laws in the areas of discrimination (especially disability and age discrimination), training, and migrant workers. Finally, the development of British policy is placed in an international comparative setting.
Desmond S. King and Rogers M. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691142630
- eISBN:
- 9781400839766
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691142630.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter illustrates the conflicting approaches advanced by today's racial alliances on issues of race equality in the workplace, as on so many other topics—conflicts that include disagreements ...
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This chapter illustrates the conflicting approaches advanced by today's racial alliances on issues of race equality in the workplace, as on so many other topics—conflicts that include disagreements not only over formal affirmative action programs but also over the legitimacy of race-conscious policymaking of any sort. It is no accident when these issues emerge with particular intensity in employment policy. No area of American life is more central to the quest to eradicate unjust material racial inequalities. This is why, as the chapter shows, previous struggles on racial equality focused so strongly on equality in the workplace. While such actions were hailed by many veterans of the civil rights movement as necessary, color-blind proponents came to assail these as new forms of unjust racial discrimination. Contestation over these policies became the central “battleground” around which modern racial policy coalitions formed.Less
This chapter illustrates the conflicting approaches advanced by today's racial alliances on issues of race equality in the workplace, as on so many other topics—conflicts that include disagreements not only over formal affirmative action programs but also over the legitimacy of race-conscious policymaking of any sort. It is no accident when these issues emerge with particular intensity in employment policy. No area of American life is more central to the quest to eradicate unjust material racial inequalities. This is why, as the chapter shows, previous struggles on racial equality focused so strongly on equality in the workplace. While such actions were hailed by many veterans of the civil rights movement as necessary, color-blind proponents came to assail these as new forms of unjust racial discrimination. Contestation over these policies became the central “battleground” around which modern racial policy coalitions formed.
Colin Crouch
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199250257
- eISBN:
- 9780191599101
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199250251.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Assesses the capacity of national‐level labour‐market institutions to adapt to developments within the Euro‐zone, and how far the move towards a single currency might provoke or obstruct the ...
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Assesses the capacity of national‐level labour‐market institutions to adapt to developments within the Euro‐zone, and how far the move towards a single currency might provoke or obstruct the coordination of its labour markets. Perhaps its most striking conclusion, which contradicts the zero‐sum assumption that power gained by the EU is lost to member states, is that the re‐nationalization of industrial relations systems that has been provoked by EMU can co‐exist positively with, rather than undermine, the potential growth of Europe‐wide coordination.Less
Assesses the capacity of national‐level labour‐market institutions to adapt to developments within the Euro‐zone, and how far the move towards a single currency might provoke or obstruct the coordination of its labour markets. Perhaps its most striking conclusion, which contradicts the zero‐sum assumption that power gained by the EU is lost to member states, is that the re‐nationalization of industrial relations systems that has been provoked by EMU can co‐exist positively with, rather than undermine, the potential growth of Europe‐wide coordination.
Diamond Ashiagbor
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199279647
- eISBN:
- 9780191707278
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279647.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law, Employment Law
This chapter examines the conceptualisation of European unemployment by comparing the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Jobs Study and the European Commission's White Paper ...
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This chapter examines the conceptualisation of European unemployment by comparing the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Jobs Study and the European Commission's White Paper Growth, Competitiveness and Employment. The emergence of a European employment policy is examined in terms of a shift from a social policy agenda to an employment policy agenda, arising out of the interaction between economic and social policy, but owing more to the former, in particular with regard to the perspective adopted on the role of labour market institutions (rigidities) in unemployment. The chapter also considers how the European Employment Strategy connects with the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), and how this link (essentially bringing employment within the criteria for the monetary union) has placed employment policy within a particular discourse, one which takes a distinctive perspective on the role of labour market rigidities, in creating or perpetuating unemployment.Less
This chapter examines the conceptualisation of European unemployment by comparing the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Jobs Study and the European Commission's White Paper Growth, Competitiveness and Employment. The emergence of a European employment policy is examined in terms of a shift from a social policy agenda to an employment policy agenda, arising out of the interaction between economic and social policy, but owing more to the former, in particular with regard to the perspective adopted on the role of labour market institutions (rigidities) in unemployment. The chapter also considers how the European Employment Strategy connects with the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), and how this link (essentially bringing employment within the criteria for the monetary union) has placed employment policy within a particular discourse, one which takes a distinctive perspective on the role of labour market rigidities, in creating or perpetuating unemployment.
Diamond Ashiagbor
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199279647
- eISBN:
- 9780191707278
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279647.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law, Employment Law
Labour law and social policy have long provided an arena within which key debates over the depth and pace of European integration have taken place. Increasingly, as the European Union's employment ...
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Labour law and social policy have long provided an arena within which key debates over the depth and pace of European integration have taken place. Increasingly, as the European Union's employment policy has matured, employment and economic policy discourses have come to displace discourses around social policy and social law, a displacement which has occurred in tandem with a shift from legislative harmonisation to the use of ‘soft law’ and governance by means of guidelines. This book charts the evolution of the European Employment Strategy and the new forms of governance to which it has given rise. It offers an interdisciplinary exploration of European social law and employment policy, scrutinising the law and economics of labour market regulation in the European context and responding to the economic critique of traditional notions of social protection. Through a detailed examination of the legal and economic underpinnings of the European Employment Strategy, this book outlines the implications of this strategy for labour law, social protection, and industrial relations within the EU. The book also provides a timely contribution to the growing literature on ‘new governance’ in the EU. This innovative form of governance has the potential to forge a middle course through the regulatory choices facing the EU: the choice over the appropriate level of regulation in the EU, whether national or supranational; that over the legitimate role for the state in regulating or deregulating the labour market; and ultimately, the choice between centralised harmonisation and regulatory competition.Less
Labour law and social policy have long provided an arena within which key debates over the depth and pace of European integration have taken place. Increasingly, as the European Union's employment policy has matured, employment and economic policy discourses have come to displace discourses around social policy and social law, a displacement which has occurred in tandem with a shift from legislative harmonisation to the use of ‘soft law’ and governance by means of guidelines. This book charts the evolution of the European Employment Strategy and the new forms of governance to which it has given rise. It offers an interdisciplinary exploration of European social law and employment policy, scrutinising the law and economics of labour market regulation in the European context and responding to the economic critique of traditional notions of social protection. Through a detailed examination of the legal and economic underpinnings of the European Employment Strategy, this book outlines the implications of this strategy for labour law, social protection, and industrial relations within the EU. The book also provides a timely contribution to the growing literature on ‘new governance’ in the EU. This innovative form of governance has the potential to forge a middle course through the regulatory choices facing the EU: the choice over the appropriate level of regulation in the EU, whether national or supranational; that over the legitimate role for the state in regulating or deregulating the labour market; and ultimately, the choice between centralised harmonisation and regulatory competition.
Amilcar Moreira
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847420466
- eISBN:
- 9781447303695
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847420466.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
The activation of social welfare recipients has been, and still is, a central issue in the development of social and employment policies in Europe. This book explores the employment effectiveness of ...
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The activation of social welfare recipients has been, and still is, a central issue in the development of social and employment policies in Europe. This book explores the employment effectiveness of minimum income schemes, and provides the first comprehensive examination of its dependency on how the rights and obligations of the recipients are defined. The book argues that the right to a minimum income can only be adequately justified with reference to the individual's right to personal development. Combining political theory and policy analysis, the author draws on evidence from eight different European countries to illustrate how it is possible to combine higher levels of employment effectiveness with the respect for recipients' right to personal development. The book explores the balance between fairness and effectiveness in the activation of minimum income recipients.Less
The activation of social welfare recipients has been, and still is, a central issue in the development of social and employment policies in Europe. This book explores the employment effectiveness of minimum income schemes, and provides the first comprehensive examination of its dependency on how the rights and obligations of the recipients are defined. The book argues that the right to a minimum income can only be adequately justified with reference to the individual's right to personal development. Combining political theory and policy analysis, the author draws on evidence from eight different European countries to illustrate how it is possible to combine higher levels of employment effectiveness with the respect for recipients' right to personal development. The book explores the balance between fairness and effectiveness in the activation of minimum income recipients.
Azizur Rahman Khan
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199698561
- eISBN:
- 9780191738142
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199698561.003.0015
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The chapter focuses on the lessons that Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) can learn on issues of employment policy from the historical experience of the East Asian pioneers. An essential characteristic of ...
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The chapter focuses on the lessons that Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) can learn on issues of employment policy from the historical experience of the East Asian pioneers. An essential characteristic of that experience was the high employment intensity of growth. It begins with a comparative analysis of the differences and similarities between SSA today and the East Asian pioneers when they embarked on their historical growth path in employment and labor market characteristics. After highlighting the meaning and role of high employment intensity in promoting efficient and inequality-averse growth, it examines the extent to which the SSA economies have succeeded in putting in place the institutions, development policies, and incentive systems that are conducive to high employment intensity of growth. Noting the diversity among the SSA countries, it concludes by identifying some broad areas of commonality among them with respect to these aspects of development.Less
The chapter focuses on the lessons that Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) can learn on issues of employment policy from the historical experience of the East Asian pioneers. An essential characteristic of that experience was the high employment intensity of growth. It begins with a comparative analysis of the differences and similarities between SSA today and the East Asian pioneers when they embarked on their historical growth path in employment and labor market characteristics. After highlighting the meaning and role of high employment intensity in promoting efficient and inequality-averse growth, it examines the extent to which the SSA economies have succeeded in putting in place the institutions, development policies, and incentive systems that are conducive to high employment intensity of growth. Noting the diversity among the SSA countries, it concludes by identifying some broad areas of commonality among them with respect to these aspects of development.
David Marsh
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198278528
- eISBN:
- 9780191684210
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198278528.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter examines the development of youth employment policy between 1970 and 1990. There is some evidence that a stable policy community has existed in this area. A single agency, the Manpower ...
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This chapter examines the development of youth employment policy between 1970 and 1990. There is some evidence that a stable policy community has existed in this area. A single agency, the Manpower Services Commission (MSC) has focused on policy making and has played a role in the evolution and implementation of policies to reduced youth unemployment. This chapter argues that a stable policy community has not existed in this area; rather, there has been a changing policy network. The chapter describes five phases in the development of youth employment policy and identifies the changes which have occurred in the policy network over time.Less
This chapter examines the development of youth employment policy between 1970 and 1990. There is some evidence that a stable policy community has existed in this area. A single agency, the Manpower Services Commission (MSC) has focused on policy making and has played a role in the evolution and implementation of policies to reduced youth unemployment. This chapter argues that a stable policy community has not existed in this area; rather, there has been a changing policy network. The chapter describes five phases in the development of youth employment policy and identifies the changes which have occurred in the policy network over time.
Jill Rubery and Jill Earnshaw
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199262236
- eISBN:
- 9780191698859
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199262236.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR, Organization Studies
This chapter examines how inter-organizational relations impinge upon and react with internal employment relations. The interventions of non-employers are missing from conventional analyses that see ...
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This chapter examines how inter-organizational relations impinge upon and react with internal employment relations. The interventions of non-employers are missing from conventional analyses that see the employment relationship as a traded bargain — albeit unequal — between a single employer and the employee. By introducing these inter-organizational relations into the analysis, the bargain that underpins the employment relationship can be seen to be embedded in a set of inter-capitalist relations that may shift risk and responsibilities both between organizations and between employers and employees. The differences between the collaborating organizations — as measured by their power in the contracting relationship, their business strategy, and their position within different value chains — result in potentially conflicting influences on internal employment policies and practices, particularly where there are multiple non-employers involved.Less
This chapter examines how inter-organizational relations impinge upon and react with internal employment relations. The interventions of non-employers are missing from conventional analyses that see the employment relationship as a traded bargain — albeit unequal — between a single employer and the employee. By introducing these inter-organizational relations into the analysis, the bargain that underpins the employment relationship can be seen to be embedded in a set of inter-capitalist relations that may shift risk and responsibilities both between organizations and between employers and employees. The differences between the collaborating organizations — as measured by their power in the contracting relationship, their business strategy, and their position within different value chains — result in potentially conflicting influences on internal employment policies and practices, particularly where there are multiple non-employers involved.
G. C. Peden
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207078
- eISBN:
- 9780191677472
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207078.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Economic History
The Treasury lost much of its authority between 1940 and 1945, as far as the conduct of the Second World War was concerned, but it played an important role in financial diplomacy and in planning ...
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The Treasury lost much of its authority between 1940 and 1945, as far as the conduct of the Second World War was concerned, but it played an important role in financial diplomacy and in planning post-war reconstruction. It had some success in limiting financial commitments to post-war social services. Greater controversy attended measures relating to social policy, including family allowances. The successful use of a national income accounting framework in domestic war finance, and the commitment to maintaining a high level of employment after the war, pointed the way to the Treasury becoming more than ever the central department for economic policy. However, that development was not to take place immediately, owing to the incoming Labour government's preference for economic planning, which relied upon maintaining wartime direct controls rather than financial measures. In addition to planning undertaken in connection with external financial policy and employment policy, the Treasury had to decide what should be done about the National Debt, domestic monetary policy, and the future role of the budget.Less
The Treasury lost much of its authority between 1940 and 1945, as far as the conduct of the Second World War was concerned, but it played an important role in financial diplomacy and in planning post-war reconstruction. It had some success in limiting financial commitments to post-war social services. Greater controversy attended measures relating to social policy, including family allowances. The successful use of a national income accounting framework in domestic war finance, and the commitment to maintaining a high level of employment after the war, pointed the way to the Treasury becoming more than ever the central department for economic policy. However, that development was not to take place immediately, owing to the incoming Labour government's preference for economic planning, which relied upon maintaining wartime direct controls rather than financial measures. In addition to planning undertaken in connection with external financial policy and employment policy, the Treasury had to decide what should be done about the National Debt, domestic monetary policy, and the future role of the budget.
Huw Beynon, Damian Grimshaw, Jill Rubery, and Kevin Ward
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199248698
- eISBN:
- 9780191697760
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199248698.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR, Organization Studies
This chapter begins by summarizing the main changes that have affected the ways in which people join the organizations: their employment contracts, their overall staffing levels, and company policies ...
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This chapter begins by summarizing the main changes that have affected the ways in which people join the organizations: their employment contracts, their overall staffing levels, and company policies relating to ‘downsizing’, redeployment, and outsourcing or relocation. It then analyzes the various pressures that lie behind these changes in staffing policies, focusing on performance imperatives, internal constraints, and external labour market conditions. Finally, it considers the effects of these policies on employees' experience of work and managers' experience of managing.Less
This chapter begins by summarizing the main changes that have affected the ways in which people join the organizations: their employment contracts, their overall staffing levels, and company policies relating to ‘downsizing’, redeployment, and outsourcing or relocation. It then analyzes the various pressures that lie behind these changes in staffing policies, focusing on performance imperatives, internal constraints, and external labour market conditions. Finally, it considers the effects of these policies on employees' experience of work and managers' experience of managing.
Huw Beynon, Damian Grimshaw, Jill Rubery, and Kevin Ward
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199248698
- eISBN:
- 9780191697760
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199248698.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR, Organization Studies
This chapter outlines the rationale for exploring change in employment policy using the three-ring framework of analysis. It focuses on three aspects of employment where organizations play a crucial ...
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This chapter outlines the rationale for exploring change in employment policy using the three-ring framework of analysis. It focuses on three aspects of employment where organizations play a crucial role: staffing policies and practices, training and skill development, and working time.Less
This chapter outlines the rationale for exploring change in employment policy using the three-ring framework of analysis. It focuses on three aspects of employment where organizations play a crucial role: staffing policies and practices, training and skill development, and working time.
