John N Collins
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195396027
- eISBN:
- 9780199852383
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396027.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This is the first comprehensive study of the Greek word “diakonia”, from which the word “deacon” is derived. Diakonia and its cognates appear frequently throughout the New Testament, but its precise ...
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This is the first comprehensive study of the Greek word “diakonia”, from which the word “deacon” is derived. Diakonia and its cognates appear frequently throughout the New Testament, but its precise meaning has long been disputed. Today, it is usually translated as “service” or “ministry”. As this book shows, this understanding of diakonia has been important to the development of a modern consensus about the nature of Christian ministry. Based on the understanding that diakonia is “service” and that the diakonos (deacon) is a “servant”, nearly all Christian bodies today agree that the central idea of ministry is that of helping the needy, and that the “servant” church should be humbly devoted to helping the world, after the model of Jesus. This is an exhaustive study of diakonia in Christian and non-Christian sources from about 200 bce to 200 ce. The book finds that in all such sources the word is used to mean “messenger” or “emissary”, and has no implications of humility or of helping the needy. This discovery undermines much of the theological discussion of ministry that has taken place over the past fifty years.Less
This is the first comprehensive study of the Greek word “diakonia”, from which the word “deacon” is derived. Diakonia and its cognates appear frequently throughout the New Testament, but its precise meaning has long been disputed. Today, it is usually translated as “service” or “ministry”. As this book shows, this understanding of diakonia has been important to the development of a modern consensus about the nature of Christian ministry. Based on the understanding that diakonia is “service” and that the diakonos (deacon) is a “servant”, nearly all Christian bodies today agree that the central idea of ministry is that of helping the needy, and that the “servant” church should be humbly devoted to helping the world, after the model of Jesus. This is an exhaustive study of diakonia in Christian and non-Christian sources from about 200 bce to 200 ce. The book finds that in all such sources the word is used to mean “messenger” or “emissary”, and has no implications of humility or of helping the needy. This discovery undermines much of the theological discussion of ministry that has taken place over the past fifty years.
Jerome Murphy-oʼconnor
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192853424
- eISBN:
- 9780191670589
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192853424.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies, Early Christian Studies
After writing his Second Letter to the Thessalonians—with the hope of correcting their misinterpretations of his teaching—Paul himself does not tell what has happened in Thessalonica. However, Paul ...
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After writing his Second Letter to the Thessalonians—with the hope of correcting their misinterpretations of his teaching—Paul himself does not tell what has happened in Thessalonica. However, Paul himself says that fourteen years after this first visit to Jerusalem, he returned as a Christian after establishing Christianity in Greece. This chapter argues that Paul made it perfectly clear that he was not an emissary of Jerusalem or a subordinate to Peter. Luke was aware that Barnabas was not Paul's companion on the ‘second journey’. Paul and Barnabas came to the Jerusalem conference as delegates of the church of Antioch. Paul however, insisted that he went up to Jerusalem on account of a revelation. The chapter also discusses Paul's and James' views on the circumcision of the Gentiles.Less
After writing his Second Letter to the Thessalonians—with the hope of correcting their misinterpretations of his teaching—Paul himself does not tell what has happened in Thessalonica. However, Paul himself says that fourteen years after this first visit to Jerusalem, he returned as a Christian after establishing Christianity in Greece. This chapter argues that Paul made it perfectly clear that he was not an emissary of Jerusalem or a subordinate to Peter. Luke was aware that Barnabas was not Paul's companion on the ‘second journey’. Paul and Barnabas came to the Jerusalem conference as delegates of the church of Antioch. Paul however, insisted that he went up to Jerusalem on account of a revelation. The chapter also discusses Paul's and James' views on the circumcision of the Gentiles.
John N. Collins
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195396027
- eISBN:
- 9780199852383
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396027.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
Paul provides the earliest and most ample evidence of our cognate words for “diakonia” among the first Christian writers, and the statements in which the words occur are made largely in the course of ...
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Paul provides the earliest and most ample evidence of our cognate words for “diakonia” among the first Christian writers, and the statements in which the words occur are made largely in the course of his controversy with Corinthian Christians about who could claim apostolic rights among them. This chapter discusses the importance that Paul attaches to the word “diakonia” in three passages of the two letters to the Corinthians, coming to a preliminary understanding of the word as “spokesman”. It also adds to the idea of spokesman an aspect of mediation that is seen to be used there to authenticate claims to apostleship. Related usage in Colossians and Ephesians is examined, along with Paul's designation of “The Apostolic Commission”, which leads into Luke's language about “Paul and the Twelve in Acts”. The chapter concludes by looking at other messengers and emissaries of heaven designated in these terms by Paul and other Christian writers.Less
Paul provides the earliest and most ample evidence of our cognate words for “diakonia” among the first Christian writers, and the statements in which the words occur are made largely in the course of his controversy with Corinthian Christians about who could claim apostolic rights among them. This chapter discusses the importance that Paul attaches to the word “diakonia” in three passages of the two letters to the Corinthians, coming to a preliminary understanding of the word as “spokesman”. It also adds to the idea of spokesman an aspect of mediation that is seen to be used there to authenticate claims to apostleship. Related usage in Colossians and Ephesians is examined, along with Paul's designation of “The Apostolic Commission”, which leads into Luke's language about “Paul and the Twelve in Acts”. The chapter concludes by looking at other messengers and emissaries of heaven designated in these terms by Paul and other Christian writers.
William Howard Adams
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300099805
- eISBN:
- 9780300127041
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300099805.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter explains how heavy sea can also serve as a metaphor for Morris's complex private life in Paris, a tangle of money, politics, and romance. Admiring rumors of his success in finance, ...
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This chapter explains how heavy sea can also serve as a metaphor for Morris's complex private life in Paris, a tangle of money, politics, and romance. Admiring rumors of his success in finance, gallantry, and constitution-making had preceded him. The key to the Parisian beau monde was that at its core its scale was intimate and manageable, a place where all the leading figures—political, cultural, and entrepreneurial—were able to know each other without difficulty. Morris's considerable reputation as a statesman, lawyer, and financial expert was well known in the higher levels of Paris society and the government. Close dealings with French emissaries in Philadelphia as a member of the Continental Congress and his important post in the Office of Finance had put him in touch with a number of the city's leading characters.Less
This chapter explains how heavy sea can also serve as a metaphor for Morris's complex private life in Paris, a tangle of money, politics, and romance. Admiring rumors of his success in finance, gallantry, and constitution-making had preceded him. The key to the Parisian beau monde was that at its core its scale was intimate and manageable, a place where all the leading figures—political, cultural, and entrepreneurial—were able to know each other without difficulty. Morris's considerable reputation as a statesman, lawyer, and financial expert was well known in the higher levels of Paris society and the government. Close dealings with French emissaries in Philadelphia as a member of the Continental Congress and his important post in the Office of Finance had put him in touch with a number of the city's leading characters.
Matthias B. Lehmann
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804789653
- eISBN:
- 9780804792462
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804789653.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Jewish Studies
Emissaries from the Holy Land tells the story of a philanthropic network that was overseen by the Jewish community leadership in the Ottoman capital city of Istanbul between the 1720s and the 1820s ...
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Emissaries from the Holy Land tells the story of a philanthropic network that was overseen by the Jewish community leadership in the Ottoman capital city of Istanbul between the 1720s and the 1820s in support of the impoverished Jews of Palestine. Putting the notion of Jewish solidarity, Jewish unity, and the enduring centrality of the Holy Land for the Jewish world to the test, the community leadership in Palestine and their allies in Istanbul dispatched rabbinic emissaries on fundraising missions everywhere from the shores of the Mediterranean to the port cities of the Atlantic seaboard, from the Caribbean to India. This book explores how this eighteenth-century philanthropic network was organized and how relations of trust and solidarity were built across vast geographic differences. It looks at how the emissaries and their supporters understood the relationship between the Jewish diaspora and the Land of Israel, and it shows how cross-cultural encounters and competing claims for financial support involving Sephardic, Ashkenazi, and North African emissaries and communities contributed to the transformation of Jewish identity in the eighteenth century.Less
Emissaries from the Holy Land tells the story of a philanthropic network that was overseen by the Jewish community leadership in the Ottoman capital city of Istanbul between the 1720s and the 1820s in support of the impoverished Jews of Palestine. Putting the notion of Jewish solidarity, Jewish unity, and the enduring centrality of the Holy Land for the Jewish world to the test, the community leadership in Palestine and their allies in Istanbul dispatched rabbinic emissaries on fundraising missions everywhere from the shores of the Mediterranean to the port cities of the Atlantic seaboard, from the Caribbean to India. This book explores how this eighteenth-century philanthropic network was organized and how relations of trust and solidarity were built across vast geographic differences. It looks at how the emissaries and their supporters understood the relationship between the Jewish diaspora and the Land of Israel, and it shows how cross-cultural encounters and competing claims for financial support involving Sephardic, Ashkenazi, and North African emissaries and communities contributed to the transformation of Jewish identity in the eighteenth century.
Matthias B. Lehmann
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804789653
- eISBN:
- 9780804792462
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804789653.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Jewish Studies
The main protagonists of this book, the rabbinic emissaries dispatched from Palestine to raise funds for the Holy Land among the Jews of the diaspora, are the focus of this chapter. The chapter ...
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The main protagonists of this book, the rabbinic emissaries dispatched from Palestine to raise funds for the Holy Land among the Jews of the diaspora, are the focus of this chapter. The chapter explores the conditions under which the emissaries undertook their missions, mechanisms developed to ensure trustworthiness and arbitrate conflicts, and the interaction between emissaries and Jewish communities outside Palestine. Livorno, Italy, serves as a case study. The chapter looks at the rabbinic emissary as a traveler and cultural intermediary, linking Jewish communities from different cultural backgrounds, relying in part on the travelogue of an eighteenth-century emissary and his account of his visit to Tunisia.Less
The main protagonists of this book, the rabbinic emissaries dispatched from Palestine to raise funds for the Holy Land among the Jews of the diaspora, are the focus of this chapter. The chapter explores the conditions under which the emissaries undertook their missions, mechanisms developed to ensure trustworthiness and arbitrate conflicts, and the interaction between emissaries and Jewish communities outside Palestine. Livorno, Italy, serves as a case study. The chapter looks at the rabbinic emissary as a traveler and cultural intermediary, linking Jewish communities from different cultural backgrounds, relying in part on the travelogue of an eighteenth-century emissary and his account of his visit to Tunisia.
Joshua A. Fogel
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780520283305
- eISBN:
- 9780520959170
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520283305.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
After centuries of virtual isolation, during which time international sea travel was forbidden outside of Japan’s immediate fishing shores, Japanese shogunal authorities in 1862 made the ...
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After centuries of virtual isolation, during which time international sea travel was forbidden outside of Japan’s immediate fishing shores, Japanese shogunal authorities in 1862 made the unprecedented decision to launch an official delegation to China by sea. The Japanese dispatched the Senzaimaru to Shanghai with the purpose of investigating contemporary conditions of trade and diplomacy in the international city. Japanese from varied domains, as well as shogunal officials, Nagasaki merchants, and an assortment of deck hands, made the voyage along with a British crew, spending a total of ten weeks observing and interacting with the Chinese and a handful of Westerners. Roughly a dozen Japanese narratives of the voyage were produced at the time, recounting personal impressions and experiences in Shanghai. The Japanese emissaries had the distinct advantage of being able to communicate with their Chinese hosts by means of the “brush conversation” (written exchanges in literary Chinese). For their part, the Chinese authorities also created a paper trail of reports and memorials concerning the Japanese visitors, which worked its way up and down the bureaucratic chain of command. This was the first official meeting of Chinese and Japanese in several centuries. Although the Chinese authorities agreed to few of the Japanese requests for trade relations and a consulate, nine years later China and Japan would sign the first bilateral treaty of amity in their history, a completely equal treaty. East Asia—and the diplomatic and trade relations between the region's two major players in the modern era—would never be the same.Less
After centuries of virtual isolation, during which time international sea travel was forbidden outside of Japan’s immediate fishing shores, Japanese shogunal authorities in 1862 made the unprecedented decision to launch an official delegation to China by sea. The Japanese dispatched the Senzaimaru to Shanghai with the purpose of investigating contemporary conditions of trade and diplomacy in the international city. Japanese from varied domains, as well as shogunal officials, Nagasaki merchants, and an assortment of deck hands, made the voyage along with a British crew, spending a total of ten weeks observing and interacting with the Chinese and a handful of Westerners. Roughly a dozen Japanese narratives of the voyage were produced at the time, recounting personal impressions and experiences in Shanghai. The Japanese emissaries had the distinct advantage of being able to communicate with their Chinese hosts by means of the “brush conversation” (written exchanges in literary Chinese). For their part, the Chinese authorities also created a paper trail of reports and memorials concerning the Japanese visitors, which worked its way up and down the bureaucratic chain of command. This was the first official meeting of Chinese and Japanese in several centuries. Although the Chinese authorities agreed to few of the Japanese requests for trade relations and a consulate, nine years later China and Japan would sign the first bilateral treaty of amity in their history, a completely equal treaty. East Asia—and the diplomatic and trade relations between the region's two major players in the modern era—would never be the same.
Damion Thomas
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252038877
- eISBN:
- 9780252096839
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252038877.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter examines the “challenges, contradictions, and political nature” of African American sports emissaries during the early Cold War era. Recognizing the impact that Soviet declarations of ...
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This chapter examines the “challenges, contradictions, and political nature” of African American sports emissaries during the early Cold War era. Recognizing the impact that Soviet declarations of American mistreatment of blacks were having on global public opinion about the United States, government officials planned goodwill trips that provided opportunities for people around the world to meet successful African Americans whose abilities on the playing field and loyalty to the nation represented a positive counterweight to the claims being posited by adversaries of the United States. The chapter devotes special attention to athletes' response to the program, most of whom were initially unaware of the underlying political purpose of their trips. There was an unintended politicizing effect for the athletes, as many used the forum to distance themselves from domestic policies, push for civil rights, and find common cause with subjugated peoples around the world. An increased unwillingness for citizen diplomats to “stay on message” resulted in the programs being scaled back in the late 1960s.Less
This chapter examines the “challenges, contradictions, and political nature” of African American sports emissaries during the early Cold War era. Recognizing the impact that Soviet declarations of American mistreatment of blacks were having on global public opinion about the United States, government officials planned goodwill trips that provided opportunities for people around the world to meet successful African Americans whose abilities on the playing field and loyalty to the nation represented a positive counterweight to the claims being posited by adversaries of the United States. The chapter devotes special attention to athletes' response to the program, most of whom were initially unaware of the underlying political purpose of their trips. There was an unintended politicizing effect for the athletes, as many used the forum to distance themselves from domestic policies, push for civil rights, and find common cause with subjugated peoples around the world. An increased unwillingness for citizen diplomats to “stay on message” resulted in the programs being scaled back in the late 1960s.
Howard Jones
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807833490
- eISBN:
- 9781469604497
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807898574_jones.7
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
This chapter focuses on the forceful removal of two southern emissaries—James M. Mason and John Slidell—from the British mail packet HMS Trent by the commander of the USS San Jacinto, Captain Charles ...
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This chapter focuses on the forceful removal of two southern emissaries—James M. Mason and John Slidell—from the British mail packet HMS Trent by the commander of the USS San Jacinto, Captain Charles Wilkes. The incident threatened an Anglo-American war that would all but assure the Confederacy's independence. Mason and Slidell had sought to deal a lethal blow to the Union by convincing the British and French to disavow the blockade and extend diplomatic recognition to the Confederacy. They could not have known, however, how close they came to achieving this objective before reaching Europe. If anyone could scuttle Mason and Slidell's mission in Europe, it was Captain Charles Wilkes of the U.S. Navy, a crusty sixty-two-year-old explorer and scientist who had recently assumed command of the San Jacinto.Less
This chapter focuses on the forceful removal of two southern emissaries—James M. Mason and John Slidell—from the British mail packet HMS Trent by the commander of the USS San Jacinto, Captain Charles Wilkes. The incident threatened an Anglo-American war that would all but assure the Confederacy's independence. Mason and Slidell had sought to deal a lethal blow to the Union by convincing the British and French to disavow the blockade and extend diplomatic recognition to the Confederacy. They could not have known, however, how close they came to achieving this objective before reaching Europe. If anyone could scuttle Mason and Slidell's mission in Europe, it was Captain Charles Wilkes of the U.S. Navy, a crusty sixty-two-year-old explorer and scientist who had recently assumed command of the San Jacinto.
