Larry Gragg
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253890
- eISBN:
- 9780191719806
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253890.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This book challenges the notion that the 17th-century English planters of Barbados were architects of a social disaster. These planters were not simply profligate, immoral, and grasping capitalists ...
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This book challenges the notion that the 17th-century English planters of Barbados were architects of a social disaster. These planters were not simply profligate, immoral, and grasping capitalists who exploited their servants and slaves in a quest for quick riches in the cultivation of sugar. To be sure, they quickly transformed the island's economy from one of semi-subsistence to the most successful plantation economy in the seventeenth-century English empire. Yet, they, like English emigrants to other regions in the empire, transplanted many familiar governmental, religious, and legal institutions; eagerly started families; sought to abide by traditional views about the social order; and resisted compromises in their diet, apparel, and housing, despite their tropical setting. In short, they were more than rapacious entrepreneurs. Seldom becoming absentee planters, these Englishmen developed an extraordinary attraction to Barbados, where they saw themselves, as one group of planters explained in a petition, as ‘being Englishmen transplanted’. The book draws heavily upon material from the Public Record Office and the Barbados Archives.Less
This book challenges the notion that the 17th-century English planters of Barbados were architects of a social disaster. These planters were not simply profligate, immoral, and grasping capitalists who exploited their servants and slaves in a quest for quick riches in the cultivation of sugar. To be sure, they quickly transformed the island's economy from one of semi-subsistence to the most successful plantation economy in the seventeenth-century English empire. Yet, they, like English emigrants to other regions in the empire, transplanted many familiar governmental, religious, and legal institutions; eagerly started families; sought to abide by traditional views about the social order; and resisted compromises in their diet, apparel, and housing, despite their tropical setting. In short, they were more than rapacious entrepreneurs. Seldom becoming absentee planters, these Englishmen developed an extraordinary attraction to Barbados, where they saw themselves, as one group of planters explained in a petition, as ‘being Englishmen transplanted’. The book draws heavily upon material from the Public Record Office and the Barbados Archives.
April F. Masten
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159096
- eISBN:
- 9781400849895
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159096.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter examines the transnational origins of the challenge dance, a distinctly American tradition of brag dancing, and the ways in which Irish and African dance forms converged and collided in ...
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This chapter examines the transnational origins of the challenge dance, a distinctly American tradition of brag dancing, and the ways in which Irish and African dance forms converged and collided in the taverns of New York City in the early nineteenth century. Part theater, part sport, challenge dances emerged in the antebellum era alongside boxing. Dance matches were the product of the intersecting diasporas and cultural exchange of Irish and African emigrants moving through the Atlantic world. The chapter first considers the compatibilities in African and Irish dance traditions before discussing the genealogy of challenge dancing. It then looks at challenge dance competitions held on streets and in taverns as part of white and blackface shows. It also describes a cultural space and moment in which working-class blacks and whites saw enough likeness in their dance traditions to frame a space of public, popular competition.Less
This chapter examines the transnational origins of the challenge dance, a distinctly American tradition of brag dancing, and the ways in which Irish and African dance forms converged and collided in the taverns of New York City in the early nineteenth century. Part theater, part sport, challenge dances emerged in the antebellum era alongside boxing. Dance matches were the product of the intersecting diasporas and cultural exchange of Irish and African emigrants moving through the Atlantic world. The chapter first considers the compatibilities in African and Irish dance traditions before discussing the genealogy of challenge dancing. It then looks at challenge dance competitions held on streets and in taverns as part of white and blackface shows. It also describes a cultural space and moment in which working-class blacks and whites saw enough likeness in their dance traditions to frame a space of public, popular competition.
Jenny Graham
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199215300
- eISBN:
- 9780191706929
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199215300.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter discusses Priestley's life in America. Priestley, who was implicated in more than one way in the activities of the English radicals, departed for America in April 1794. Priestley ...
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This chapter discusses Priestley's life in America. Priestley, who was implicated in more than one way in the activities of the English radicals, departed for America in April 1794. Priestley received an enthusiastic welcome upon arriving in New York in June 1794 because he was a long-standing friend of the Americans and their experiment in republican government, and he received much sympathy for his persecution in England as a result of his outspoken support for France. Priestley's early years in Pennsylvania, his identification with the social and political trials facing America, and his final years under Jefferson are discussed.Less
This chapter discusses Priestley's life in America. Priestley, who was implicated in more than one way in the activities of the English radicals, departed for America in April 1794. Priestley received an enthusiastic welcome upon arriving in New York in June 1794 because he was a long-standing friend of the Americans and their experiment in republican government, and he received much sympathy for his persecution in England as a result of his outspoken support for France. Priestley's early years in Pennsylvania, his identification with the social and political trials facing America, and his final years under Jefferson are discussed.
A. B. Atkinson (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199278558
- eISBN:
- 9780191601590
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199278555.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
As their Millennium Development Goals, world leaders have pledged by 2015 to halve the number of people living in extreme poverty and hunger, to achieve universal primary education, to reduce child ...
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As their Millennium Development Goals, world leaders have pledged by 2015 to halve the number of people living in extreme poverty and hunger, to achieve universal primary education, to reduce child mortality, to halt the spread of HIV/AIDS, and to halve the number of people without safe drinking water. Achieving these goals requires a large increase in the flow of financial resources to developing countries – double the present development assistance from abroad. In examining innovative ways to secure these resources, this book, which is part of the UNU–WIDER Studies in Development Economics series, sets out a framework for the economic analysis of different sources of funding and applying the tools of modern public economics to identify the key issues. It examines the role of new sources of overseas aid, considers the fiscal architecture and the lessons that can be learned from federal fiscal systems, asks how far increased transfers impose a burden on donors, and investigates how far the raising of resources can be separated from their use. In turn, the book examines global environmental taxes (such as a carbon tax), the taxation of currency transactions (the Tobin tax), a development‐focused allocation of Special Drawing Rights by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the UK Government proposal for an International Finance Facility, increased private donations for development purposes, a global lottery (or premium bond), and increased remittances by emigrants. In each case, it considers the feasibility of the proposal and the resources that it can realistically raise, and offers new perspectives and insights into these new and controversial proposals.Less
As their Millennium Development Goals, world leaders have pledged by 2015 to halve the number of people living in extreme poverty and hunger, to achieve universal primary education, to reduce child mortality, to halt the spread of HIV/AIDS, and to halve the number of people without safe drinking water. Achieving these goals requires a large increase in the flow of financial resources to developing countries – double the present development assistance from abroad. In examining innovative ways to secure these resources, this book, which is part of the UNU–WIDER Studies in Development Economics series, sets out a framework for the economic analysis of different sources of funding and applying the tools of modern public economics to identify the key issues. It examines the role of new sources of overseas aid, considers the fiscal architecture and the lessons that can be learned from federal fiscal systems, asks how far increased transfers impose a burden on donors, and investigates how far the raising of resources can be separated from their use. In turn, the book examines global environmental taxes (such as a carbon tax), the taxation of currency transactions (the Tobin tax), a development‐focused allocation of Special Drawing Rights by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the UK Government proposal for an International Finance Facility, increased private donations for development purposes, a global lottery (or premium bond), and increased remittances by emigrants. In each case, it considers the feasibility of the proposal and the resources that it can realistically raise, and offers new perspectives and insights into these new and controversial proposals.
Latha Varadarajan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199733910
- eISBN:
- 9780199866205
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199733910.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter begins by laying out the manner in which nation‐states across the board are involved in institutionalizing their relationships with their diasporas while acknowledging them as part of a ...
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This chapter begins by laying out the manner in which nation‐states across the board are involved in institutionalizing their relationships with their diasporas while acknowledging them as part of a larger “global” nation. While acknowledging the existance of informal (and at times even formal) links between diasporas and their homelands in the past, the chapter argues that there is something novel about the ongoing process. To capture the novelty of the phenomenon, the chapter introduces the concept of the “domestic abroad.” Briefly addressing alternative explanations, the chapter concludes by setting up the main argument of the book that the domestic abroad is a product of two simultaneous ongoing processes: the diasporic reimagining of the nation and the neoliberal restructuring of the state.Less
This chapter begins by laying out the manner in which nation‐states across the board are involved in institutionalizing their relationships with their diasporas while acknowledging them as part of a larger “global” nation. While acknowledging the existance of informal (and at times even formal) links between diasporas and their homelands in the past, the chapter argues that there is something novel about the ongoing process. To capture the novelty of the phenomenon, the chapter introduces the concept of the “domestic abroad.” Briefly addressing alternative explanations, the chapter concludes by setting up the main argument of the book that the domestic abroad is a product of two simultaneous ongoing processes: the diasporic reimagining of the nation and the neoliberal restructuring of the state.
Aidan Wasley
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691136790
- eISBN:
- 9781400836352
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691136790.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter first details W. H. Auden's arrival in New York in January 1939. His emigration from England, and his arrival in America marked a crucial moment in twentieth-century literary history, ...
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This chapter first details W. H. Auden's arrival in New York in January 1939. His emigration from England, and his arrival in America marked a crucial moment in twentieth-century literary history, when the heir apparent to T. S. Eliot as the dominant presence in British poetry abandoned his English career and retraced Eliot's own path back across the Atlantic to start anew. The impact of that moment, and Auden's subsequent American career, are still being felt in American poetry seven decades later. The chapter then discusses his poem “Atlantis,” where he invokes the myth of the lost utopia, to illustrate what he calls “a poetic vision” of art's capacity for moral instruction, even as it recognizes its limitations.Less
This chapter first details W. H. Auden's arrival in New York in January 1939. His emigration from England, and his arrival in America marked a crucial moment in twentieth-century literary history, when the heir apparent to T. S. Eliot as the dominant presence in British poetry abandoned his English career and retraced Eliot's own path back across the Atlantic to start anew. The impact of that moment, and Auden's subsequent American career, are still being felt in American poetry seven decades later. The chapter then discusses his poem “Atlantis,” where he invokes the myth of the lost utopia, to illustrate what he calls “a poetic vision” of art's capacity for moral instruction, even as it recognizes its limitations.
Andrés Solimano
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199278558
- eISBN:
- 9780191601590
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199278555.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Remittances from migrants are a growing force, and this chapter considers the role that they can play in financing development. To an important extent, they finance consumption, and are an ...
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Remittances from migrants are a growing force, and this chapter considers the role that they can play in financing development. To an important extent, they finance consumption, and are an international mechanism of social protection based on private transfers; they can also contribute to financing investment, providing community infrastructure and funds for the financing of new enterprises. The motives for making such remittances, and the problems of measuring their extent are considered, as are the variety of financial entities through which they are channelled, and policies for reducing the cost of remittances and enhancing their development potential. The chapter is organised in five main sections which: discuss global and regional trends in remittance flows and their growing importance as a source of external transfers to developing countries; examine measurement issues and discuss the main micro‐motives for remittances and the implications of their cyclical behaviour for stability; analyse the development impact of remittances (effects on savings, investment, growth, poverty, income distribution); overview the international market for remittances, and provide evidence on the costs of sending remittances to various country groups; and highlights policies for reducing the costs of sending remittances and thus enhancing their developmental impact.Less
Remittances from migrants are a growing force, and this chapter considers the role that they can play in financing development. To an important extent, they finance consumption, and are an international mechanism of social protection based on private transfers; they can also contribute to financing investment, providing community infrastructure and funds for the financing of new enterprises. The motives for making such remittances, and the problems of measuring their extent are considered, as are the variety of financial entities through which they are channelled, and policies for reducing the cost of remittances and enhancing their development potential. The chapter is organised in five main sections which: discuss global and regional trends in remittance flows and their growing importance as a source of external transfers to developing countries; examine measurement issues and discuss the main micro‐motives for remittances and the implications of their cyclical behaviour for stability; analyse the development impact of remittances (effects on savings, investment, growth, poverty, income distribution); overview the international market for remittances, and provide evidence on the costs of sending remittances to various country groups; and highlights policies for reducing the costs of sending remittances and thus enhancing their developmental impact.
P. J. Marshall
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199640355
- eISBN:
- 9780191739279
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199640355.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
How did Britain and America face up to the new world of American independence? This book argues that there was a sharp division between political relations and the many other links that had bound ...
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How did Britain and America face up to the new world of American independence? This book argues that there was a sharp division between political relations and the many other links that had bound British and American people together before the Revolution. There was to be no political rapprochement. Peace was made in 1783, but it was not a peace of reconciliation. Mutual ill feeling remained. Americans continued to denounce what they saw as a corrupted British political system that had betrayed the historic liberties of the ancient British constitution, while British commentators dismissed American republicanism as the tyranny of the mob that undermined effective government. Resentment simmered on for many years' especially, on the American side, over the terms on which Anglo‐American trade was to be resumed, and, on the British side, over the failure of the Americans to pay off their debts. In spite of these disputes, Britons and Americans quickly began to cross the Atlantic again in large numbers, many British and especially Irish people migrated to settle in America and trade continued on a very large scale. Americans consumed British goods and read British books. Shared tastes and a common culture and values ensured that British influences would still be strong and that independent Americans would remain essentially British in outlook for a long time to come.Less
How did Britain and America face up to the new world of American independence? This book argues that there was a sharp division between political relations and the many other links that had bound British and American people together before the Revolution. There was to be no political rapprochement. Peace was made in 1783, but it was not a peace of reconciliation. Mutual ill feeling remained. Americans continued to denounce what they saw as a corrupted British political system that had betrayed the historic liberties of the ancient British constitution, while British commentators dismissed American republicanism as the tyranny of the mob that undermined effective government. Resentment simmered on for many years' especially, on the American side, over the terms on which Anglo‐American trade was to be resumed, and, on the British side, over the failure of the Americans to pay off their debts. In spite of these disputes, Britons and Americans quickly began to cross the Atlantic again in large numbers, many British and especially Irish people migrated to settle in America and trade continued on a very large scale. Americans consumed British goods and read British books. Shared tastes and a common culture and values ensured that British influences would still be strong and that independent Americans would remain essentially British in outlook for a long time to come.
Carol Jacobs
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231171823
- eISBN:
- 9780231540100
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231171823.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This is a reading of Sebald's “The Emigrants” which takes up the interrelated issues of memory, repetition, photographic documentation, image and representation, and the Holocaust.
This is a reading of Sebald's “The Emigrants” which takes up the interrelated issues of memory, repetition, photographic documentation, image and representation, and the Holocaust.
John McHale
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195382433
- eISBN:
- 9780199852352
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195382433.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
While the Bhagwati tax became a hot issue, including in the United Nations, in the 1970s many felt that it had little chance of being adopted, and turned to other aspects of immigration research. But ...
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While the Bhagwati tax became a hot issue, including in the United Nations, in the 1970s many felt that it had little chance of being adopted, and turned to other aspects of immigration research. But now that the incomes of skilled migrants have reached exceptionally high levels, and even a small surcharge levied on U.S. income of Indian citizens in the United States would raise sums of money that could add significantly to the Indian budget, the issue has come back into economic research and public debate. This chapter offers an excellent analysis of the Bhagwati tax. The India–U.S. dyad is an outlier in terms of its concentration of human capital. On the other hand, the skilled-emigration rate from India is actually relatively low, limiting the revenue potential for the Indian government.Less
While the Bhagwati tax became a hot issue, including in the United Nations, in the 1970s many felt that it had little chance of being adopted, and turned to other aspects of immigration research. But now that the incomes of skilled migrants have reached exceptionally high levels, and even a small surcharge levied on U.S. income of Indian citizens in the United States would raise sums of money that could add significantly to the Indian budget, the issue has come back into economic research and public debate. This chapter offers an excellent analysis of the Bhagwati tax. The India–U.S. dyad is an outlier in terms of its concentration of human capital. On the other hand, the skilled-emigration rate from India is actually relatively low, limiting the revenue potential for the Indian government.
Sucheng Chan
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195055108
- eISBN:
- 9780199854219
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195055108.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
This chapter compares European and Asian immigration to the United States from 1820 to 1920, expanding understanding of immigration to include the Eastern Hemisphere. It establishes immigration as a ...
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This chapter compares European and Asian immigration to the United States from 1820 to 1920, expanding understanding of immigration to include the Eastern Hemisphere. It establishes immigration as a two-way process by focusing on both the United States and the “sending nations,” and thus directs attention to the Asian continent as a migration source. It synthesizes newly developing literature on China, Japan, India, and Korea that, like recent scholarship on European migrations, identifies advancing world capitalism and local political conditions as forces driving global migrations. Instead of the usual emphasis upon distinctive national or continental experiences, this chapter emphasizes similar originating causes for Asian, European, and Latin American emigration.Less
This chapter compares European and Asian immigration to the United States from 1820 to 1920, expanding understanding of immigration to include the Eastern Hemisphere. It establishes immigration as a two-way process by focusing on both the United States and the “sending nations,” and thus directs attention to the Asian continent as a migration source. It synthesizes newly developing literature on China, Japan, India, and Korea that, like recent scholarship on European migrations, identifies advancing world capitalism and local political conditions as forces driving global migrations. Instead of the usual emphasis upon distinctive national or continental experiences, this chapter emphasizes similar originating causes for Asian, European, and Latin American emigration.
JAN LUCASSEN
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198204190
- eISBN:
- 9780191676147
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204190.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter distinguishes among migrants in terms of the duration of their stay in the Netherlands, aboard its ships, in its armies, or in its colonies. Migrants coming seasonally or yearly for a ...
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This chapter distinguishes among migrants in terms of the duration of their stay in the Netherlands, aboard its ships, in its armies, or in its colonies. Migrants coming seasonally or yearly for a period of time are referred to as ‘migrant labourers’, whereas other temporary migrants staying longer than one year before returning home are termed ‘labour migrants’. Those settling permanently are called ‘immigrants’ or ‘emigrants’, depending on their country of origin. All three groups played a distinctive role in the Dutch and colonial economy and society, and the chapter considers the character and contribution of each population movement first within the Netherlands itself, then to the Dutch empire in Europe, and finally to the Dutch overseas possessions in Asia, Africa, and America.Less
This chapter distinguishes among migrants in terms of the duration of their stay in the Netherlands, aboard its ships, in its armies, or in its colonies. Migrants coming seasonally or yearly for a period of time are referred to as ‘migrant labourers’, whereas other temporary migrants staying longer than one year before returning home are termed ‘labour migrants’. Those settling permanently are called ‘immigrants’ or ‘emigrants’, depending on their country of origin. All three groups played a distinctive role in the Dutch and colonial economy and society, and the chapter considers the character and contribution of each population movement first within the Netherlands itself, then to the Dutch empire in Europe, and finally to the Dutch overseas possessions in Asia, Africa, and America.
Jill D. Snider
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781469654355
- eISBN:
- 9781469654379
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469654355.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Born in Carthage, North Carolina, Lucean Arthur Headen (1879-1957) grew up amid former slave artisans. Inspired by his grandfather, a wheelwright, and great-uncle, a toolmaker, he dreamed as a child ...
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Born in Carthage, North Carolina, Lucean Arthur Headen (1879-1957) grew up amid former slave artisans. Inspired by his grandfather, a wheelwright, and great-uncle, a toolmaker, he dreamed as a child of becoming an inventor. His ambitions suffered the menace of Jim Crow and the reality of a new inventive landscape in which investment was shifting from lone inventors to the new “industrial scientists.” But determined and ambitious, Headen left the South, and after toiling for a decade as a Pullman porter, risked everything to pursue his dream. He eventually earned eleven patents, most for innovative engine designs and anti-icing methods for aircraft. An equally capable entrepreneur and sportsman, Headen learned to fly in 1911, manufactured his own “Pace Setter” and “Headen Special” cars in the early 1920s, and founded the first national black auto racing association in 1924, all establishing him as an important authority on transportation technologies among African Americans. Emigrating to England in 1931, Headen also proved a successful manufacturer, operating engineering firms in Surrey that distributed his motor and other products worldwide for twenty-five years.
Though Headen left few personal records, Jill D. Snider recreates the life of this extraordinary man through historical detective work in newspapers, business and trade publications, genealogical databases, and scholarly works. Mapping the social networks his family built within the Presbyterian church and other organizations (networks on which Headen often relied), she also reveals the legacy of Carthage's, and the South's, black artisans. Their story shows us that, despite our worship of personal triumph, success is often a communal as well as an individual achievement.Less
Born in Carthage, North Carolina, Lucean Arthur Headen (1879-1957) grew up amid former slave artisans. Inspired by his grandfather, a wheelwright, and great-uncle, a toolmaker, he dreamed as a child of becoming an inventor. His ambitions suffered the menace of Jim Crow and the reality of a new inventive landscape in which investment was shifting from lone inventors to the new “industrial scientists.” But determined and ambitious, Headen left the South, and after toiling for a decade as a Pullman porter, risked everything to pursue his dream. He eventually earned eleven patents, most for innovative engine designs and anti-icing methods for aircraft. An equally capable entrepreneur and sportsman, Headen learned to fly in 1911, manufactured his own “Pace Setter” and “Headen Special” cars in the early 1920s, and founded the first national black auto racing association in 1924, all establishing him as an important authority on transportation technologies among African Americans. Emigrating to England in 1931, Headen also proved a successful manufacturer, operating engineering firms in Surrey that distributed his motor and other products worldwide for twenty-five years.
Though Headen left few personal records, Jill D. Snider recreates the life of this extraordinary man through historical detective work in newspapers, business and trade publications, genealogical databases, and scholarly works. Mapping the social networks his family built within the Presbyterian church and other organizations (networks on which Headen often relied), she also reveals the legacy of Carthage's, and the South's, black artisans. Their story shows us that, despite our worship of personal triumph, success is often a communal as well as an individual achievement.
A. James Hammerton
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526116574
- eISBN:
- 9781526128409
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526116574.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This is the first social history to explore the experience of British emigrants from the peak years of the 1960s to the emigration resurgence of the turn of the twentieth century. It scrutinises ...
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This is the first social history to explore the experience of British emigrants from the peak years of the 1960s to the emigration resurgence of the turn of the twentieth century. It scrutinises migrant experiences in Australia, Canada and New Zealand alongside other countries. The book challenges the assumption that the ‘British diaspora’ ended in the 1960s, and explores its gradual reinvention from a postwar migration of austerity to a modern migration of prosperity. Building on previous oral histories of British emigration to single countries in postwar years, it offers a different way of writing migration history, based on life histories but exploring mentalities as well as experiences, against a setting of deep social and economic change. The book charts the decade-by-decade shift in the migration landscape, from the 1970s loss of Britons’ privilege in destination countries and the 1980s urgency of ‘Thatcher’s refugees’, to shifting attitudes to cosmopolitanism and global citizenship by the 1990s. Key moments are the rise of expatriate employment, changing dynamics of love and marriage, the visibility of British emigrants of colour, serial migration practices, enhanced independence among women migrants and ‘lifestyle’ change ambitions. These are new patterns of discretionary and nomadic migration, which became more common practice generally from the end of the twentieth century.Less
This is the first social history to explore the experience of British emigrants from the peak years of the 1960s to the emigration resurgence of the turn of the twentieth century. It scrutinises migrant experiences in Australia, Canada and New Zealand alongside other countries. The book challenges the assumption that the ‘British diaspora’ ended in the 1960s, and explores its gradual reinvention from a postwar migration of austerity to a modern migration of prosperity. Building on previous oral histories of British emigration to single countries in postwar years, it offers a different way of writing migration history, based on life histories but exploring mentalities as well as experiences, against a setting of deep social and economic change. The book charts the decade-by-decade shift in the migration landscape, from the 1970s loss of Britons’ privilege in destination countries and the 1980s urgency of ‘Thatcher’s refugees’, to shifting attitudes to cosmopolitanism and global citizenship by the 1990s. Key moments are the rise of expatriate employment, changing dynamics of love and marriage, the visibility of British emigrants of colour, serial migration practices, enhanced independence among women migrants and ‘lifestyle’ change ambitions. These are new patterns of discretionary and nomadic migration, which became more common practice generally from the end of the twentieth century.
Volker R. Berghahn
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691179636
- eISBN:
- 9780691185071
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691179636.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter considers the experiences of Marion Countess Dönhoff (1909–2002), one of the most famous female German journalists of the twentieth century. Dönhoff belongs to the so-called “Generation ...
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This chapter considers the experiences of Marion Countess Dönhoff (1909–2002), one of the most famous female German journalists of the twentieth century. Dönhoff belongs to the so-called “Generation of '32” and was confronted with the difficult question of how to react to the dictatorship that Hitler established so swiftly starting in January 1933. For an understanding of her career, both during the Nazi period and after World War II, it is also important that she was a woman in what was still very much a male-dominated world. These are significant factors when it comes to assessing her role as an “inner emigrant.” Here she, an anti-Nazi of the first hour, moved more and more toward active resistance and, as will be seen, was lucky that the local Gestapo let her go after a brief interrogation following the failed July 1944 plot to kill Hitler. After 1945 she became a journalist who wrestled with explanations of what had happened under Nazism and of what kind of society should be built out of the ruins of the German and European catastrophe.Less
This chapter considers the experiences of Marion Countess Dönhoff (1909–2002), one of the most famous female German journalists of the twentieth century. Dönhoff belongs to the so-called “Generation of '32” and was confronted with the difficult question of how to react to the dictatorship that Hitler established so swiftly starting in January 1933. For an understanding of her career, both during the Nazi period and after World War II, it is also important that she was a woman in what was still very much a male-dominated world. These are significant factors when it comes to assessing her role as an “inner emigrant.” Here she, an anti-Nazi of the first hour, moved more and more toward active resistance and, as will be seen, was lucky that the local Gestapo let her go after a brief interrogation following the failed July 1944 plot to kill Hitler. After 1945 she became a journalist who wrestled with explanations of what had happened under Nazism and of what kind of society should be built out of the ruins of the German and European catastrophe.
David Northrup
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205654
- eISBN:
- 9780191676734
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205654.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
After the British Isles, the most important source of overseas emigrants within the nineteenth century British Empire was British India. In addition, substantial numbers of Africans, Chinese, and ...
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After the British Isles, the most important source of overseas emigrants within the nineteenth century British Empire was British India. In addition, substantial numbers of Africans, Chinese, and Pacific Islanders entered various parts of the Empire. Most Asian, African, and Pacific immigrants were recruited on long-term labour contracts. Tropical emigrants had much in common with emigrants from Britain in their aspirations, mode of transport, and permanent settlement abroad. The differences in the destinations and status of the two groups were due as much to Imperial policy as to inherent circumstances. Tropical labour migration arose to meet slavery's decline.Less
After the British Isles, the most important source of overseas emigrants within the nineteenth century British Empire was British India. In addition, substantial numbers of Africans, Chinese, and Pacific Islanders entered various parts of the Empire. Most Asian, African, and Pacific immigrants were recruited on long-term labour contracts. Tropical emigrants had much in common with emigrants from Britain in their aspirations, mode of transport, and permanent settlement abroad. The differences in the destinations and status of the two groups were due as much to Imperial policy as to inherent circumstances. Tropical labour migration arose to meet slavery's decline.
STEPHEN CONSTANTINE
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205647
- eISBN:
- 9780191676727
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205647.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter provides a discussion on emigration patterns and the consequences of these for the British economy. The role of migration and settlement in the system's sustenance continued deep into ...
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This chapter provides a discussion on emigration patterns and the consequences of these for the British economy. The role of migration and settlement in the system's sustenance continued deep into the 20th century. The maintenance, even intensification, of Imperial connections is suggested by the continuing flows of emigration from Britain. Emigrants from Britain headed for the existing white settler societies. Possibilities of labour mobility within the 20th-century British Empire were apparently revealed by the immigration into Britain of workers of non-European ethnic origin. It is important not to exaggerate the coherence of the Empire at any period as a region of labour mobility. Especially since the Second World War, modern economies within the Commonwealth have been competing on increasingly equal terms with Britain — and indeed with the United States — for that most valued commodity, which is skilled labour.Less
This chapter provides a discussion on emigration patterns and the consequences of these for the British economy. The role of migration and settlement in the system's sustenance continued deep into the 20th century. The maintenance, even intensification, of Imperial connections is suggested by the continuing flows of emigration from Britain. Emigrants from Britain headed for the existing white settler societies. Possibilities of labour mobility within the 20th-century British Empire were apparently revealed by the immigration into Britain of workers of non-European ethnic origin. It is important not to exaggerate the coherence of the Empire at any period as a region of labour mobility. Especially since the Second World War, modern economies within the Commonwealth have been competing on increasingly equal terms with Britain — and indeed with the United States — for that most valued commodity, which is skilled labour.
James Horn
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205630
- eISBN:
- 9780191676710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205630.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter contains a discussion on migration from the late 16th century to the early 18th century. Britain, principally England, experienced a huge exodus of settlers, rich and poor, who took ship ...
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This chapter contains a discussion on migration from the late 16th century to the early 18th century. Britain, principally England, experienced a huge exodus of settlers, rich and poor, who took ship seeking their fortune ‘beyond the seas’ in mainland America and the Caribbean. Although the direction of migratory flows was not predetermined, North America would continue to attract the majority of British emigrants for the next three centuries. Emigration and migration became a single impulse. The magnitude and pace of emigrants from Britain are shown. Despite a decline in numbers compared to the previous century, indentured servants (including convicts) continued to make up the majority of emigrants from the British Isles to America until the Revolution. Swept up in the vortices of long-distance trade and inter-colonial rivalries, most emigrants who left Britain during the 18th century settled in New World colonies as merchants, planters, field-hands, and farmers, or served with the great mercantile company in the East. As the British Empire reached its apogee, so contrasts in the experiences of migrants became increasingly evident.Less
This chapter contains a discussion on migration from the late 16th century to the early 18th century. Britain, principally England, experienced a huge exodus of settlers, rich and poor, who took ship seeking their fortune ‘beyond the seas’ in mainland America and the Caribbean. Although the direction of migratory flows was not predetermined, North America would continue to attract the majority of British emigrants for the next three centuries. Emigration and migration became a single impulse. The magnitude and pace of emigrants from Britain are shown. Despite a decline in numbers compared to the previous century, indentured servants (including convicts) continued to make up the majority of emigrants from the British Isles to America until the Revolution. Swept up in the vortices of long-distance trade and inter-colonial rivalries, most emigrants who left Britain during the 18th century settled in New World colonies as merchants, planters, field-hands, and farmers, or served with the great mercantile company in the East. As the British Empire reached its apogee, so contrasts in the experiences of migrants became increasingly evident.
J. J. Sexton
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198217527
- eISBN:
- 9780191678240
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198217527.003.0026
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The recession of the early 1980s caused emigration from the Republic of Ireland to reemerge, gradually at first, but on an increasing scale as the decade progressed. The annual average net outflow ...
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The recession of the early 1980s caused emigration from the Republic of Ireland to reemerge, gradually at first, but on an increasing scale as the decade progressed. The annual average net outflow throughout the decade was nearly 21,000 and while this was still lower than the natural increase, it caused a deceleration in population growth. By 1991, the population had increased by only a further 80,000 to 3,526,000 some 2.5 per cent higher than the 1981 level. The early 1990s involved yet another change as net emigration virtually disappeared. While this was partly the result of a reasonably creditable growth performance, it was mainly caused by a deterioration in external labour markets, particularly in the United Kingdom. This deterred many potential emigrants from leaving and induced many of those abroad to return home.Less
The recession of the early 1980s caused emigration from the Republic of Ireland to reemerge, gradually at first, but on an increasing scale as the decade progressed. The annual average net outflow throughout the decade was nearly 21,000 and while this was still lower than the natural increase, it caused a deceleration in population growth. By 1991, the population had increased by only a further 80,000 to 3,526,000 some 2.5 per cent higher than the 1981 level. The early 1990s involved yet another change as net emigration virtually disappeared. While this was partly the result of a reasonably creditable growth performance, it was mainly caused by a deterioration in external labour markets, particularly in the United Kingdom. This deterred many potential emigrants from leaving and induced many of those abroad to return home.
Sara Fanning
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780814764930
- eISBN:
- 9780814760086
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814764930.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This concluding chapter argues that the 1820s was a critical time in the relationship between the United States and Haiti, a time when each exerted influence on the other that had the potential to ...
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This concluding chapter argues that the 1820s was a critical time in the relationship between the United States and Haiti, a time when each exerted influence on the other that had the potential to change their respective histories even more radically. During this decade, Haitian President Jean-Pierre Boyer concentrated on U.S. relations in his work to improve the standing of his nation and opened up the island to African American emigrants as a gambit to strengthen his case for diplomatic recognition from the United States. Boyer's emigration plan found support among a diverse group of Americans, from abolitionists to black-community leaders to hard-nosed businessmen who all saw profit in the enterprise for different reasons. Ultimately, the project had a lasting effect on thousands of emigrants; on the black communities of Boston, Philadelphia, and New York; on Haitian-American relations; and on African American political discourse.Less
This concluding chapter argues that the 1820s was a critical time in the relationship between the United States and Haiti, a time when each exerted influence on the other that had the potential to change their respective histories even more radically. During this decade, Haitian President Jean-Pierre Boyer concentrated on U.S. relations in his work to improve the standing of his nation and opened up the island to African American emigrants as a gambit to strengthen his case for diplomatic recognition from the United States. Boyer's emigration plan found support among a diverse group of Americans, from abolitionists to black-community leaders to hard-nosed businessmen who all saw profit in the enterprise for different reasons. Ultimately, the project had a lasting effect on thousands of emigrants; on the black communities of Boston, Philadelphia, and New York; on Haitian-American relations; and on African American political discourse.
