Lee J. Alston, Marcus André Melo, Bernardo Mueller, and Carlos Pereira
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780691162911
- eISBN:
- 9781400880942
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691162911.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Brazil is the world's sixth-largest economy, and for the first three-quarters of the twentieth century was one of the fastest-growing countries in the world. While the country underwent two decades ...
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Brazil is the world's sixth-largest economy, and for the first three-quarters of the twentieth century was one of the fastest-growing countries in the world. While the country underwent two decades of unrelenting decline from 1975 to 1994, the economy has rebounded dramatically. How did this nation become an emerging power? This book looks at the factors behind why this particular country has successfully progressed up the economic development ladder. The book examines the roles of beliefs, leadership, and institutions in the elusive, critical transition to sustainable development. Analyzing the last fifty years of Brazil's history, the book explains how the nation's beliefs, centered on social inclusion yet bound by orthodox economic policies, led to institutions that altered economic, political, and social outcomes. Brazil's growth and inflation became less variable, the rule of law strengthened, politics became more open and competitive, and poverty and inequality declined. While these changes have led to a remarkable economic transformation, there have also been economic distortions and inefficiencies that the book argues are part of the development process. This book demonstrates how a dynamic nation seized windows of opportunity to become a more equal, prosperous, and rules-based society.Less
Brazil is the world's sixth-largest economy, and for the first three-quarters of the twentieth century was one of the fastest-growing countries in the world. While the country underwent two decades of unrelenting decline from 1975 to 1994, the economy has rebounded dramatically. How did this nation become an emerging power? This book looks at the factors behind why this particular country has successfully progressed up the economic development ladder. The book examines the roles of beliefs, leadership, and institutions in the elusive, critical transition to sustainable development. Analyzing the last fifty years of Brazil's history, the book explains how the nation's beliefs, centered on social inclusion yet bound by orthodox economic policies, led to institutions that altered economic, political, and social outcomes. Brazil's growth and inflation became less variable, the rule of law strengthened, politics became more open and competitive, and poverty and inequality declined. While these changes have led to a remarkable economic transformation, there have also been economic distortions and inefficiencies that the book argues are part of the development process. This book demonstrates how a dynamic nation seized windows of opportunity to become a more equal, prosperous, and rules-based society.
James Clay Moltz
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231156882
- eISBN:
- 9780231527576
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231156882.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
This chapter analyzes ten emerging space powers that are beginning to play a significant regional or international role and are likely to expand their space capabilities in the future: Australia, ...
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This chapter analyzes ten emerging space powers that are beginning to play a significant regional or international role and are likely to expand their space capabilities in the future: Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, North Korea, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Almost all of these developing space powers are pursuing hedging strategies of a sort, and they are interested in benefiting from space information while hoping to slow down the space race between more developed actors (particularly in the military sector), thus ensuring that the first-tier countries do not dominate space or ruin it for others. A key advantage of these later-developing Asian space players is that they have an even greater ability to draw on the widespread range of space technologies now available on the international market, including GPS coordinates, weather data, space debris information, communications networks, and remote-sensing images.Less
This chapter analyzes ten emerging space powers that are beginning to play a significant regional or international role and are likely to expand their space capabilities in the future: Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, North Korea, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Almost all of these developing space powers are pursuing hedging strategies of a sort, and they are interested in benefiting from space information while hoping to slow down the space race between more developed actors (particularly in the military sector), thus ensuring that the first-tier countries do not dominate space or ruin it for others. A key advantage of these later-developing Asian space players is that they have an even greater ability to draw on the widespread range of space technologies now available on the international market, including GPS coordinates, weather data, space debris information, communications networks, and remote-sensing images.
Varun Sahni
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199458325
- eISBN:
- 9780199086498
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199458325.003.0015
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The chapter focuses on India’s relations with Latin America, i.e. Hispanic America and Brazil through three phases: distant acquaintance (late 1940s to early 1960s, or the Nehruvian years), ...
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The chapter focuses on India’s relations with Latin America, i.e. Hispanic America and Brazil through three phases: distant acquaintance (late 1940s to early 1960s, or the Nehruvian years), rhetorical solidarity (the mid-1960s to the mid-1990s, or the years of nonaligned revisionism), and strategic engagement (mid-1990s onwards, coinciding with India’s emergence as a power with system-shaping potential). It also includes three brief case studies of Latin American decisions that had an inimical impact on India’s interests: Argentina favouring Pakistan’s position on Kashmir in the UNSC; Ecuador nearly recognising a ‘state’ seceding from India; and Brazil favouring expansion of BRICS even at the cost of IBSA. It concludes that India’s relations with Latin America, and especially Brazil, have acquired heft only when propelled by systemic circumstances. Thus, Kenneth Waltz’s emphasis on systemic structure as an explanation of state behaviour also applies to India’s relations with the countries of Latin America.Less
The chapter focuses on India’s relations with Latin America, i.e. Hispanic America and Brazil through three phases: distant acquaintance (late 1940s to early 1960s, or the Nehruvian years), rhetorical solidarity (the mid-1960s to the mid-1990s, or the years of nonaligned revisionism), and strategic engagement (mid-1990s onwards, coinciding with India’s emergence as a power with system-shaping potential). It also includes three brief case studies of Latin American decisions that had an inimical impact on India’s interests: Argentina favouring Pakistan’s position on Kashmir in the UNSC; Ecuador nearly recognising a ‘state’ seceding from India; and Brazil favouring expansion of BRICS even at the cost of IBSA. It concludes that India’s relations with Latin America, and especially Brazil, have acquired heft only when propelled by systemic circumstances. Thus, Kenneth Waltz’s emphasis on systemic structure as an explanation of state behaviour also applies to India’s relations with the countries of Latin America.
Charles A. Kupchan
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- February 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199739394
- eISBN:
- 9780190252472
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199739394.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Political Theory
The world is on the cusp of a global turn. Between 1500 and 1800, the West sprinted ahead of other centers of power in Asia and the Middle East. Europe and the United States have dominated the world ...
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The world is on the cusp of a global turn. Between 1500 and 1800, the West sprinted ahead of other centers of power in Asia and the Middle East. Europe and the United States have dominated the world since. But today the West's preeminence is slipping away as China, India, Brazil, and other emerging powers rise. Although most strategists recognize that the dominance of the West is on the wane, they are confident that its founding ideas—democracy, capitalism, and secular nationalism—will continue to spread, ensuring that the Western order will outlast its primacy. This book challenges this view, arguing that the world is headed for political and ideological diversity; emerging powers will neither defer to the West's lead nor converge toward the Western way. The ascent of the West was the product of social and economic conditions unique to Europe and the United States. As other regions now rise, they are following their own paths to modernity and embracing their own conceptions of domestic and international order. The book contends that the Western order will not be displaced by a new great power or dominant political model. The twenty-first century will not belong to America, China, Asia, or anyone else. It will be no one's world. For the first time in history, the world will be interdependent—but without a center of gravity or global guardian. The book provides a strategy for striking a bargain between the West and the rising rest by fashioning a new consensus on issues of legitimacy, sovereignty, and governance.Less
The world is on the cusp of a global turn. Between 1500 and 1800, the West sprinted ahead of other centers of power in Asia and the Middle East. Europe and the United States have dominated the world since. But today the West's preeminence is slipping away as China, India, Brazil, and other emerging powers rise. Although most strategists recognize that the dominance of the West is on the wane, they are confident that its founding ideas—democracy, capitalism, and secular nationalism—will continue to spread, ensuring that the Western order will outlast its primacy. This book challenges this view, arguing that the world is headed for political and ideological diversity; emerging powers will neither defer to the West's lead nor converge toward the Western way. The ascent of the West was the product of social and economic conditions unique to Europe and the United States. As other regions now rise, they are following their own paths to modernity and embracing their own conceptions of domestic and international order. The book contends that the Western order will not be displaced by a new great power or dominant political model. The twenty-first century will not belong to America, China, Asia, or anyone else. It will be no one's world. For the first time in history, the world will be interdependent—but without a center of gravity or global guardian. The book provides a strategy for striking a bargain between the West and the rising rest by fashioning a new consensus on issues of legitimacy, sovereignty, and governance.
