Robert D. Rupert
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195379457
- eISBN:
- 9780199869114
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195379457.003.0012
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This chapter summarizes the book's arguments against the extended view, as well as the primary conciliatory contentions advanced with regard to the embedded and embodied views. The chapter closes ...
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This chapter summarizes the book's arguments against the extended view, as well as the primary conciliatory contentions advanced with regard to the embedded and embodied views. The chapter closes with comments on the positive importance of the embodied and embedded programs, particularly in respect of such philosophical issues as reductionism and naturalized epistemology.Less
This chapter summarizes the book's arguments against the extended view, as well as the primary conciliatory contentions advanced with regard to the embedded and embodied views. The chapter closes with comments on the positive importance of the embodied and embedded programs, particularly in respect of such philosophical issues as reductionism and naturalized epistemology.
Robert D. Rupert
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195379457
- eISBN:
- 9780199869114
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195379457.003.0011
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
The chapter argues that, contrary to the claims of the proponents of the embodied approach, embodied cognitive modeling does not underwrite a new view of the fundamental relation between mind and ...
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The chapter argues that, contrary to the claims of the proponents of the embodied approach, embodied cognitive modeling does not underwrite a new view of the fundamental relation between mind and body. The standard complaints lodged against computationalism are shown to follow largely from mistaken interpretations of functionalism, computationalism, and the associated accounts of realization. It is argued that although the embodied approach may rightly place special emphasis on imagistic representation, the empirical work on embodiment does not support very strongly a distinctively imagistic account of cognitive processing. The lessons of the chapter are briefly applied to Searle's Chinese Room argument and Harnad's concern about symbol grounding.Less
The chapter argues that, contrary to the claims of the proponents of the embodied approach, embodied cognitive modeling does not underwrite a new view of the fundamental relation between mind and body. The standard complaints lodged against computationalism are shown to follow largely from mistaken interpretations of functionalism, computationalism, and the associated accounts of realization. It is argued that although the embodied approach may rightly place special emphasis on imagistic representation, the empirical work on embodiment does not support very strongly a distinctively imagistic account of cognitive processing. The lessons of the chapter are briefly applied to Searle's Chinese Room argument and Harnad's concern about symbol grounding.
Jay Schulkin
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691157443
- eISBN:
- 9781400849031
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691157443.003.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
This book traces the origins of music, from the appearance of the relevant anatomical features, to the development of diverse forms of biological systems that figure in musical expression. It ...
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This book traces the origins of music, from the appearance of the relevant anatomical features, to the development of diverse forms of biological systems that figure in musical expression. It considers how music reflects our social nature and is tied to other instrumental expression in the adaptation to changing circumstances. It shows that expectancy and violations of those musical expectations linked to memory and human development are critical features in the aesthetics of musical sensibility (like other avenues of human experience). The book also examines how music is connected to movement and dance. This introduction provides an overview of the “cognitive revolution” and the emergence of a discipline called “social neuroscience,” as well as Leonard Meyer's theory of music drawn from a pragmatism based in C. S. Peirce and John Dewey's notion of inquiry. It also explains how action and embodied cognition are related to music.Less
This book traces the origins of music, from the appearance of the relevant anatomical features, to the development of diverse forms of biological systems that figure in musical expression. It considers how music reflects our social nature and is tied to other instrumental expression in the adaptation to changing circumstances. It shows that expectancy and violations of those musical expectations linked to memory and human development are critical features in the aesthetics of musical sensibility (like other avenues of human experience). The book also examines how music is connected to movement and dance. This introduction provides an overview of the “cognitive revolution” and the emergence of a discipline called “social neuroscience,” as well as Leonard Meyer's theory of music drawn from a pragmatism based in C. S. Peirce and John Dewey's notion of inquiry. It also explains how action and embodied cognition are related to music.
Robert D. Rupert
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195379457
- eISBN:
- 9780199869114
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195379457.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This chapter briefly describes the history leading up to the situated revolution. It then introduces and motivates the three varieties of situated view to be discussed: (a) the extended view, which ...
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This chapter briefly describes the history leading up to the situated revolution. It then introduces and motivates the three varieties of situated view to be discussed: (a) the extended view, which holds that human cognitive processing literally extends into the environment beyond the boundary of the organism; (b) the embedded view, which asserts that the human cognitive system is bounded by the organism but relies in surprising and extensive ways on interaction with the environment; and (c) the embodied view, according to which the human's nonneural physical body deeply influences cognitive processing. The chapter also sets out the book's naturalistic methodology and explores the way in which this methodology might support conclusions about the human mind and self.Less
This chapter briefly describes the history leading up to the situated revolution. It then introduces and motivates the three varieties of situated view to be discussed: (a) the extended view, which holds that human cognitive processing literally extends into the environment beyond the boundary of the organism; (b) the embedded view, which asserts that the human cognitive system is bounded by the organism but relies in surprising and extensive ways on interaction with the environment; and (c) the embodied view, according to which the human's nonneural physical body deeply influences cognitive processing. The chapter also sets out the book's naturalistic methodology and explores the way in which this methodology might support conclusions about the human mind and self.
Lawrence Shapiro
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199217274
- eISBN:
- 9780191696060
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199217274.003.0004
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter begins with a discussion of Searle's Chinese room, showing how it is supposed to render obvious the folly inherent in the symbolist's folly. It argues that the Chinese room does not show ...
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This chapter begins with a discussion of Searle's Chinese room, showing how it is supposed to render obvious the folly inherent in the symbolist's folly. It argues that the Chinese room does not show that symbolic approaches to cognition are deficient; that is the Chinese room contains nothing that need worry a good old-fashioned symbolist. It also argues that the same resources a symbolist can marshal in response to Searle work equally well to deflect the charge that one must turn to embodied cognition to avoid the symbolist's folly. It focuses on Barsalou's important work on perceptual symbol systems. It suggests a positive motivation for embodied cognition. Embodied cognition proposes new ways to conceive of the role of representation in cognition, new ways that promise to provide better and simpler accounts of cognition than those that insist on traditional conceptions of representation.Less
This chapter begins with a discussion of Searle's Chinese room, showing how it is supposed to render obvious the folly inherent in the symbolist's folly. It argues that the Chinese room does not show that symbolic approaches to cognition are deficient; that is the Chinese room contains nothing that need worry a good old-fashioned symbolist. It also argues that the same resources a symbolist can marshal in response to Searle work equally well to deflect the charge that one must turn to embodied cognition to avoid the symbolist's folly. It focuses on Barsalou's important work on perceptual symbol systems. It suggests a positive motivation for embodied cognition. Embodied cognition proposes new ways to conceive of the role of representation in cognition, new ways that promise to provide better and simpler accounts of cognition than those that insist on traditional conceptions of representation.
Michael Spivey
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195170788
- eISBN:
- 9780199786831
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195170788.003.0009
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
This chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding the motor processes involved in any cognitive task. Findings in the field of embodied cognition show that constraints on motor movement ...
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This chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding the motor processes involved in any cognitive task. Findings in the field of embodied cognition show that constraints on motor movement strongly influence both language comprehension and visual perception. Moreover, action verbs and images of tools induce activation in the motor cortex. Rhythmic movement tasks and haptic exploration tasks show that elegant dynamical equations, using only biomechanical parameters, can account for behavioral data without postulating cognitive representational states. The chapter ends with an examination of continuous motor measures in cognitive tasks, and a discussion of the role of anticipated percepts in motor processing and learning.Less
This chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding the motor processes involved in any cognitive task. Findings in the field of embodied cognition show that constraints on motor movement strongly influence both language comprehension and visual perception. Moreover, action verbs and images of tools induce activation in the motor cortex. Rhythmic movement tasks and haptic exploration tasks show that elegant dynamical equations, using only biomechanical parameters, can account for behavioral data without postulating cognitive representational states. The chapter ends with an examination of continuous motor measures in cognitive tasks, and a discussion of the role of anticipated percepts in motor processing and learning.
Wendell Wallach and Colin Allen
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195374049
- eISBN:
- 9780199871889
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374049.003.0011
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
The top‐down and bottom‐up approaches to artificial moral agents emphasize the importance in ethics of the ability to reason. However, much of the recent empirical literature on moral psychology ...
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The top‐down and bottom‐up approaches to artificial moral agents emphasize the importance in ethics of the ability to reason. However, much of the recent empirical literature on moral psychology emphasizes faculties besides rationality. Emotions, empathy, sociability, semantic understanding, and consciousness are all important to human moral decision making, but it remains an open question whether these will be essential to artificial moral agents and, if so, whether they can be implemented in machines. This chapter surveys the cutting‐edge scientific investigation in the areas of affective computing and embodied cognition that is aimed at providing computers and robots with the kinds of supra‐rational capacities underlying those social skills which may be essential for sophisticated human‐computer interaction.Less
The top‐down and bottom‐up approaches to artificial moral agents emphasize the importance in ethics of the ability to reason. However, much of the recent empirical literature on moral psychology emphasizes faculties besides rationality. Emotions, empathy, sociability, semantic understanding, and consciousness are all important to human moral decision making, but it remains an open question whether these will be essential to artificial moral agents and, if so, whether they can be implemented in machines. This chapter surveys the cutting‐edge scientific investigation in the areas of affective computing and embodied cognition that is aimed at providing computers and robots with the kinds of supra‐rational capacities underlying those social skills which may be essential for sophisticated human‐computer interaction.
Robert D. Rupert
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195379457
- eISBN:
- 9780199869114
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195379457.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This book surveys philosophical issues raised by the situated movement in cognitive science—the treatment of cognitive phenomena as the joint product of brain, body, and environment. The book focuses ...
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This book surveys philosophical issues raised by the situated movement in cognitive science—the treatment of cognitive phenomena as the joint product of brain, body, and environment. The book focuses specifically on the hypothesis of extended cognition, according to which human cognitive processes literally comprise elements beyond the boundary of the human organism. A systems-based approach is held to provide the only plausible criterion distinguishing what is cognitive from what is not. In most human cases, this system appears within the boundary of the human organism. It is argued that the systems-based view explains the existing successes of cognitive psychology and cognate fields in a way that extended conceptions of cognition do not and, furthermore, that once the systems-based view has been adopted, it is especially clear how extant arguments in support of the extended view go wrong. Additional aspects of the situated program, including the embedded and embodied views, are also examined. The book considers whether plausible incarnations of such views depart from orthodox, computational cognitive science, especially with regard to the role of representation and computation. It is argued that the embedded and embodied views do not constitute radical shifts in perspective. For instance, properly understood, the embodied view does not offer a new role for the nonneural body, different in principle from the one presupposed by orthodox cognitive science.Less
This book surveys philosophical issues raised by the situated movement in cognitive science—the treatment of cognitive phenomena as the joint product of brain, body, and environment. The book focuses specifically on the hypothesis of extended cognition, according to which human cognitive processes literally comprise elements beyond the boundary of the human organism. A systems-based approach is held to provide the only plausible criterion distinguishing what is cognitive from what is not. In most human cases, this system appears within the boundary of the human organism. It is argued that the systems-based view explains the existing successes of cognitive psychology and cognate fields in a way that extended conceptions of cognition do not and, furthermore, that once the systems-based view has been adopted, it is especially clear how extant arguments in support of the extended view go wrong. Additional aspects of the situated program, including the embedded and embodied views, are also examined. The book considers whether plausible incarnations of such views depart from orthodox, computational cognitive science, especially with regard to the role of representation and computation. It is argued that the embedded and embodied views do not constitute radical shifts in perspective. For instance, properly understood, the embodied view does not offer a new role for the nonneural body, different in principle from the one presupposed by orthodox cognitive science.
Chen Yu and Dana H. Ballard
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199553242
- eISBN:
- 9780191720444
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199553242.003.0010
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Semantics and Pragmatics, Psycholinguistics / Neurolinguistics / Cognitive Linguistics
We show in a series of three related studies that intentional cues encoded in body movements can provide very specific gains to language learning. A computational model is developed on the basis of ...
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We show in a series of three related studies that intentional cues encoded in body movements can provide very specific gains to language learning. A computational model is developed on the basis of machine learning techniques which can identify sound patterns of individual words from continuous speech using non‐linguistic contextual information and employ body movements as deictic references to discover word‐meaning associations.Less
We show in a series of three related studies that intentional cues encoded in body movements can provide very specific gains to language learning. A computational model is developed on the basis of machine learning techniques which can identify sound patterns of individual words from continuous speech using non‐linguistic contextual information and employ body movements as deictic references to discover word‐meaning associations.
Mitchell J Nathan
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199217274
- eISBN:
- 9780191696060
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199217274.003.0018
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter investigates how gestures enact symbols and thereby ground the meaning of abstract representations used in instructional settings. It explores two principles that follow from the theory ...
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This chapter investigates how gestures enact symbols and thereby ground the meaning of abstract representations used in instructional settings. It explores two principles that follow from the theory of embodied cognition — that cognition is situated and that cognitive work is off-loaded onto the environment. It also considers a third principle — that off-line cognition is body based — but includes the influences of social interactions, along with sensorimotor processes, as mediating cognitive behaviour even when others are not present.Less
This chapter investigates how gestures enact symbols and thereby ground the meaning of abstract representations used in instructional settings. It explores two principles that follow from the theory of embodied cognition — that cognition is situated and that cognitive work is off-loaded onto the environment. It also considers a third principle — that off-line cognition is body based — but includes the influences of social interactions, along with sensorimotor processes, as mediating cognitive behaviour even when others are not present.
Martin Clayton and Laura Leante
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199811328
- eISBN:
- 9780199369539
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199811328.003.0009
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music, Performing Practice/Studies
This chapter is divided into two parts. In the first, current literature on embodied cognition is reviewed, and important themes drawn out. These themes—gesture, the embodied self, social interaction ...
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This chapter is divided into two parts. In the first, current literature on embodied cognition is reviewed, and important themes drawn out. These themes—gesture, the embodied self, social interaction and joint action—are discussed as they appear in the broader literature and as they might be applied to studies of music, and in this way a broad theoretical model of embodied cognition in music is built up. In the second part, specific ethnographic moments from the authors’ fieldwork in India are discussed with reference to this theoretical framework. In the first, the embodied nature of a raga’s meaning is discussed; in the second, the somewhat different ways in which Indian classical music can be embodied as ‘abstract’ design are addressed.Less
This chapter is divided into two parts. In the first, current literature on embodied cognition is reviewed, and important themes drawn out. These themes—gesture, the embodied self, social interaction and joint action—are discussed as they appear in the broader literature and as they might be applied to studies of music, and in this way a broad theoretical model of embodied cognition in music is built up. In the second part, specific ethnographic moments from the authors’ fieldwork in India are discussed with reference to this theoretical framework. In the first, the embodied nature of a raga’s meaning is discussed; in the second, the somewhat different ways in which Indian classical music can be embodied as ‘abstract’ design are addressed.
Valerie Gray Hardcastle and Rosalyn W. Stewart
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199211531
- eISBN:
- 9780191705977
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199211531.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy of Science
This chapter dissociates the working cognitive sciences from various reductive strategies. It advocates that cognitive science should be more inclusive in terms of what it accepts as data in ...
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This chapter dissociates the working cognitive sciences from various reductive strategies. It advocates that cognitive science should be more inclusive in terms of what it accepts as data in developing its theories, and that it should not be wedded only to reductive strategies. Appreciating how brains are embedded in complicated environments enlightens us about philosophical issues concerning the possibility of mind-brain reduction. Two fascinating case studies — depression and somatisation — support the claim that somatic states are part of our cognitive processes and, further, that as a result cognitive science cannot be reductive in the way it is normally taken to be.Less
This chapter dissociates the working cognitive sciences from various reductive strategies. It advocates that cognitive science should be more inclusive in terms of what it accepts as data in developing its theories, and that it should not be wedded only to reductive strategies. Appreciating how brains are embedded in complicated environments enlightens us about philosophical issues concerning the possibility of mind-brain reduction. Two fascinating case studies — depression and somatisation — support the claim that somatic states are part of our cognitive processes and, further, that as a result cognitive science cannot be reductive in the way it is normally taken to be.
Christian Coseru
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199843381
- eISBN:
- 9780199979851
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199843381.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
Combining epistemological insights from Dignāga, Dharmakīrti, Śāntarakṣita, and Kamalaśīla, but also drawing on the work of Husserl and Merleau-Ponty and on recent work in analytic philosophy and ...
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Combining epistemological insights from Dignāga, Dharmakīrti, Śāntarakṣita, and Kamalaśīla, but also drawing on the work of Husserl and Merleau-Ponty and on recent work in analytic philosophy and phenomenology, this book defends the view that perception is intentionally constituted and, under certain circumstances, represents a type of implicit knowing that precludes (or at least minimizes) the possibility of error. The book also explores the classic debate between Buddhists philosophers and their opponents, principally the Naiyāyikas and the Mīmāmsakas, on such issues as establishing reliable means of belief formation, the relation between language and conceptual thought, and the structure of awareness. It also provides new ways of conceptualizing the Buddhist epistemological defence of the reflexivity thesis of consciousness, namely that each cognitive event is to be understood as involving a pre-reflective implicit awareness of its own occurrence. From a methodological point of view, the book advances an innovative approach to Buddhist philosophy of mind under the guise of phenomenological naturalism—which allows for cognitive awareness to be understood in causal terms without reducing the contents of awareness to non-cognitive elements—and moves beyond comparative approaches to philosophy by emphasizing the continuity of concerns between the discourses of Buddhist and Western philosophers.Less
Combining epistemological insights from Dignāga, Dharmakīrti, Śāntarakṣita, and Kamalaśīla, but also drawing on the work of Husserl and Merleau-Ponty and on recent work in analytic philosophy and phenomenology, this book defends the view that perception is intentionally constituted and, under certain circumstances, represents a type of implicit knowing that precludes (or at least minimizes) the possibility of error. The book also explores the classic debate between Buddhists philosophers and their opponents, principally the Naiyāyikas and the Mīmāmsakas, on such issues as establishing reliable means of belief formation, the relation between language and conceptual thought, and the structure of awareness. It also provides new ways of conceptualizing the Buddhist epistemological defence of the reflexivity thesis of consciousness, namely that each cognitive event is to be understood as involving a pre-reflective implicit awareness of its own occurrence. From a methodological point of view, the book advances an innovative approach to Buddhist philosophy of mind under the guise of phenomenological naturalism—which allows for cognitive awareness to be understood in causal terms without reducing the contents of awareness to non-cognitive elements—and moves beyond comparative approaches to philosophy by emphasizing the continuity of concerns between the discourses of Buddhist and Western philosophers.
Alvin I. Goldman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199874187
- eISBN:
- 9780190267674
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199874187.003.0011
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This chapter discusses a method for understanding embodied cognition which involves bodily representational codes and evidence regarding cognitive processes that the brain reuses. It offers a ...
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This chapter discusses a method for understanding embodied cognition which involves bodily representational codes and evidence regarding cognitive processes that the brain reuses. It offers a philosophical definition of the concept of embodied cognition, as well as empirical evidence of human cognition, not all but mostly, being embodied. It initially examines the relationship between embodiment and bodily representational codes, followed by an analysis of the Massive Redeployment Hypothesis or “neural reuse.” The chapter also explains the interrelationship between perception and embodied cognition through examining a research study conducted by Dennis Proffitt, a vision scientist who maintains that an individual's body is the measure of all things.Less
This chapter discusses a method for understanding embodied cognition which involves bodily representational codes and evidence regarding cognitive processes that the brain reuses. It offers a philosophical definition of the concept of embodied cognition, as well as empirical evidence of human cognition, not all but mostly, being embodied. It initially examines the relationship between embodiment and bodily representational codes, followed by an analysis of the Massive Redeployment Hypothesis or “neural reuse.” The chapter also explains the interrelationship between perception and embodied cognition through examining a research study conducted by Dennis Proffitt, a vision scientist who maintains that an individual's body is the measure of all things.
Manuel de Vega
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199217274
- eISBN:
- 9780191696060
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199217274.003.0014
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter examines the nature of meaning (embodied versus symbolic) in the light of linguistic reference. It proposes three levels of reference differing in their computational demands, and ...
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This chapter examines the nature of meaning (embodied versus symbolic) in the light of linguistic reference. It proposes three levels of reference differing in their computational demands, and presumably in the quality or degree of embodied representations — on-line reference, displaced reference, and decoupled reference. It presents some evidence of embodied meaning in on-line and displaced reference. It explores the idea that the two kinds of reference may involve different degrees of embodied cognition.Less
This chapter examines the nature of meaning (embodied versus symbolic) in the light of linguistic reference. It proposes three levels of reference differing in their computational demands, and presumably in the quality or degree of embodied representations — on-line reference, displaced reference, and decoupled reference. It presents some evidence of embodied meaning in on-line and displaced reference. It explores the idea that the two kinds of reference may involve different degrees of embodied cognition.
Wayne D. Gray
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195374827
- eISBN:
- 9780199847693
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374827.003.0021
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter provides a discussion on the emerging rapprochement between cognitive and ecological analyses. It introduces three of advances, namely embodied cognition, architectures of cognition, and ...
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This chapter provides a discussion on the emerging rapprochement between cognitive and ecological analyses. It introduces three of advances, namely embodied cognition, architectures of cognition, and soft constraints. In addition, it describes a research from the CogWorks Laboratory at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute that illustrates how these three advances yield an understanding of the functional task environment that is the key to the rapprochement between cognitive and ecological analyses. It also discusses two related questions, both of which ignore resource limits to focus on design limits. The reported work suggests that ignoring the analysis of optimality may lead one to draw false conclusions about people's willingness or success at implementing different strategies in a given task environment. Advances in the study of embodied cognition have led to the realization that properties of functional cognition and of the world are in a tight loop.Less
This chapter provides a discussion on the emerging rapprochement between cognitive and ecological analyses. It introduces three of advances, namely embodied cognition, architectures of cognition, and soft constraints. In addition, it describes a research from the CogWorks Laboratory at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute that illustrates how these three advances yield an understanding of the functional task environment that is the key to the rapprochement between cognitive and ecological analyses. It also discusses two related questions, both of which ignore resource limits to focus on design limits. The reported work suggests that ignoring the analysis of optimality may lead one to draw false conclusions about people's willingness or success at implementing different strategies in a given task environment. Advances in the study of embodied cognition have led to the realization that properties of functional cognition and of the world are in a tight loop.
Daniel D. Hutto and Erik Myin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262036115
- eISBN:
- 9780262339773
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262036115.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This chapter introduces the E-turn in cognitive science –the move to embrace enactive, embodied, extended and ecological views of cognition–and the empirical and theoretical considerations that ...
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This chapter introduces the E-turn in cognitive science –the move to embrace enactive, embodied, extended and ecological views of cognition–and the empirical and theoretical considerations that spurred it on. It explains how E-approaches differ from classical forms of cognitivism: in particular the degree to which different E-approaches move away from the cognitivist commitments to representationalism, computationalism and mechanistic explanation. Against this backdrop, it becomes clear in which ways REC’s proposal is not just radically revisionary but revolutionary in spirit. The chapter also sets out the basic rules of naturalistic play, reminding the reader why attempts to dismiss REC by appeal to a priori intuitions about what is essential to cognition violate the methodological scruples of naturalism.Less
This chapter introduces the E-turn in cognitive science –the move to embrace enactive, embodied, extended and ecological views of cognition–and the empirical and theoretical considerations that spurred it on. It explains how E-approaches differ from classical forms of cognitivism: in particular the degree to which different E-approaches move away from the cognitivist commitments to representationalism, computationalism and mechanistic explanation. Against this backdrop, it becomes clear in which ways REC’s proposal is not just radically revisionary but revolutionary in spirit. The chapter also sets out the basic rules of naturalistic play, reminding the reader why attempts to dismiss REC by appeal to a priori intuitions about what is essential to cognition violate the methodological scruples of naturalism.
Ezequiel Morsella, Merrit A. Hoover,, and John A. Bargh
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780195393705
- eISBN:
- 9780199979271
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393705.003.0015
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter considers body perception from a functionalist perspective in which mental phenomena (representations and subjective states) guide an organism’s behavior. From this perspective, body ...
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This chapter considers body perception from a functionalist perspective in which mental phenomena (representations and subjective states) guide an organism’s behavior. From this perspective, body perception is constrained by adaptive considerations of actions, influences of physical and social environments, and high-level cognitive processes.Less
This chapter considers body perception from a functionalist perspective in which mental phenomena (representations and subjective states) guide an organism’s behavior. From this perspective, body perception is constrained by adaptive considerations of actions, influences of physical and social environments, and high-level cognitive processes.
Mark R. Wynn
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199560387
- eISBN:
- 9780191721175
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560387.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter begins with a brief biographical essay on the experience of place, which is designed to show that the themes treated more theoretically in later parts of the book can be grounded in ...
More
This chapter begins with a brief biographical essay on the experience of place, which is designed to show that the themes treated more theoretically in later parts of the book can be grounded in familiar kinds of experience. The chapter also makes a start on exploring the formal qualities of knowledge of place, paying particular attention to the connections between salient perception, affective response, and bodily movement. The chapter also gives a preliminary sketch of three models of the religiously important content of knowledge of place — appealing to the idea that some places are microcosmically significant (embody some wider truth about human experience), or religiously important on account of their past (which can make an ethical claim upon people who are present at the site at later times), or religiously significant because they enable an embodied encounter with, or reference to, God, by virtue of what is done at the site.Less
This chapter begins with a brief biographical essay on the experience of place, which is designed to show that the themes treated more theoretically in later parts of the book can be grounded in familiar kinds of experience. The chapter also makes a start on exploring the formal qualities of knowledge of place, paying particular attention to the connections between salient perception, affective response, and bodily movement. The chapter also gives a preliminary sketch of three models of the religiously important content of knowledge of place — appealing to the idea that some places are microcosmically significant (embody some wider truth about human experience), or religiously important on account of their past (which can make an ethical claim upon people who are present at the site at later times), or religiously significant because they enable an embodied encounter with, or reference to, God, by virtue of what is done at the site.
Risto Uro
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199661176
- eISBN:
- 9780191793455
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199661176.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies, Religious Studies
Chapter Six highlights the role of ritual in generating and conveying religious knowledge. This perspective is unfolded in the context of three kinds of knowledge related to ritual: embodied, common ...
More
Chapter Six highlights the role of ritual in generating and conveying religious knowledge. This perspective is unfolded in the context of three kinds of knowledge related to ritual: embodied, common (shared), and extended knowledge. The chapter explores how these three approaches to ritual knowledge shed light on early Christian baptismal practices. In particular, it draws on the branch of cognitive science dubbed ‘embodied’ or ‘extended’ (‘situated’) cognition. Researchers promoting embodied cognition argue that cognition is fundamentally grounded in bodily actions and in the body interacting with the environment. The chapter develops a hypothesis as to how early Christian baptismal practices accommodated implicit knowledge about power relations. It also shows how extensive symbolic technologies and systems of knowledge grew up around early Christian baptism, including the catechumenate (baptismal teaching), credal formulae and creeds, and stories and pictorial representations, as well as physical structures and architecture.Less
Chapter Six highlights the role of ritual in generating and conveying religious knowledge. This perspective is unfolded in the context of three kinds of knowledge related to ritual: embodied, common (shared), and extended knowledge. The chapter explores how these three approaches to ritual knowledge shed light on early Christian baptismal practices. In particular, it draws on the branch of cognitive science dubbed ‘embodied’ or ‘extended’ (‘situated’) cognition. Researchers promoting embodied cognition argue that cognition is fundamentally grounded in bodily actions and in the body interacting with the environment. The chapter develops a hypothesis as to how early Christian baptismal practices accommodated implicit knowledge about power relations. It also shows how extensive symbolic technologies and systems of knowledge grew up around early Christian baptism, including the catechumenate (baptismal teaching), credal formulae and creeds, and stories and pictorial representations, as well as physical structures and architecture.
