Brian Bruya (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262013840
- eISBN:
- 9780262269438
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262013840.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This book explores the cognitive science of effortless attention and action. Attention and action are generally understood to require effort, and it is expected that under normal circumstances, ...
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This book explores the cognitive science of effortless attention and action. Attention and action are generally understood to require effort, and it is expected that under normal circumstances, effort increases to meet rising demand. Sometimes, however, attention and action seem to flow effortlessly despite high demand. Effortless attention and action have been documented across a range of normal activities—ranging from rock climbing to chess playing—and yet fundamental questions about effortlessness have gone largely unasked. This book draws from the field of cognitive psychology, neurophysiology, behavioral psychology, genetics, philosophy, and cross-cultural studies to address those questions. Starting from the premise that the phenomena of effortless attention and action provide an opportunity to test current models of attention and action, researchers—including effort as a cognitive resource—clarify topics such as the role of effort in decision-making, the neurophysiology of effortless attention and action, the role of automaticity in effortless action, expert performance in effortless action, and the neurophysiology and benefits of attentional training.Less
This book explores the cognitive science of effortless attention and action. Attention and action are generally understood to require effort, and it is expected that under normal circumstances, effort increases to meet rising demand. Sometimes, however, attention and action seem to flow effortlessly despite high demand. Effortless attention and action have been documented across a range of normal activities—ranging from rock climbing to chess playing—and yet fundamental questions about effortlessness have gone largely unasked. This book draws from the field of cognitive psychology, neurophysiology, behavioral psychology, genetics, philosophy, and cross-cultural studies to address those questions. Starting from the premise that the phenomena of effortless attention and action provide an opportunity to test current models of attention and action, researchers—including effort as a cognitive resource—clarify topics such as the role of effort in decision-making, the neurophysiology of effortless attention and action, the role of automaticity in effortless action, expert performance in effortless action, and the neurophysiology and benefits of attentional training.
Joshua M. Ackerman and John A. Bargh
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262013840
- eISBN:
- 9780262269438
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262013840.003.0015
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter examines the critically important role of social coordination to social interactions and performing complex tasks. Social coordination is defined as an automatic response to a given ...
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This chapter examines the critically important role of social coordination to social interactions and performing complex tasks. Social coordination is defined as an automatic response to a given situation or condition involving socially transmitted information, a finding that can help in explaining the reason for social coordination processes occurring without any conscious and subjective efforts. The chapter explores a wide variety of social coordination experiences that occur at different levels of social interactions, along with their potential functions. It also describes a different approach to social coordination, including the related neural and social cognitive aspects, and addresses how effortless action characterized by processing smoothness operates as a functional indicator of effective coordination.Less
This chapter examines the critically important role of social coordination to social interactions and performing complex tasks. Social coordination is defined as an automatic response to a given situation or condition involving socially transmitted information, a finding that can help in explaining the reason for social coordination processes occurring without any conscious and subjective efforts. The chapter explores a wide variety of social coordination experiences that occur at different levels of social interactions, along with their potential functions. It also describes a different approach to social coordination, including the related neural and social cognitive aspects, and addresses how effortless action characterized by processing smoothness operates as a functional indicator of effective coordination.
Arlen C. Moller, Brian P. Meier, and Robert D. Wall
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262013840
- eISBN:
- 9780262269438
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262013840.003.0010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter focuses on developing an experimental technique for inducing flow and creating instances of effortless action in the laboratory. The effort to experimentally induce flow involves two ...
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This chapter focuses on developing an experimental technique for inducing flow and creating instances of effortless action in the laboratory. The effort to experimentally induce flow involves two conditions which are correlated with the flow state: The firstis the idea that the challenges of a given task are well within one’s capabilities; the other involves perceived goals and immediate feedback from the given task. The chapter explores these factors along with other contextual factors, including autonomy and distractions, to experimentally induce flow and demonstrate instances of effortless action in the laboratory. One of the most extensively used approaches for experimental induction of flow in the laboratory involves exploring difficulty levels of video games.Less
This chapter focuses on developing an experimental technique for inducing flow and creating instances of effortless action in the laboratory. The effort to experimentally induce flow involves two conditions which are correlated with the flow state: The firstis the idea that the challenges of a given task are well within one’s capabilities; the other involves perceived goals and immediate feedback from the given task. The chapter explores these factors along with other contextual factors, including autonomy and distractions, to experimentally induce flow and demonstrate instances of effortless action in the laboratory. One of the most extensively used approaches for experimental induction of flow in the laboratory involves exploring difficulty levels of video games.
