D. Gary Miller
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199583430
- eISBN:
- 9780191595288
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199583430.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Theoretical Linguistics
Positional correlations and linearization changes mark the transition to morphology and syntax. On most theoretical accounts, morphology is not autonomous, but interacts with at least three other ...
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Positional correlations and linearization changes mark the transition to morphology and syntax. On most theoretical accounts, morphology is not autonomous, but interacts with at least three other domains: (i) phonology and perception, (ii) the lexicon/culture, and (iii) syntax. The first is treated extensively in Volume I. The second is illustrated with the rise of the feminine gender in Indo‐European, and the third by documentation of the changes from Latin to Romance in the shift from morphological to syntactic coding of reflexive, anticausative, middle, and passive. In morphological change, both inflectional and derivational markers are shown to spread by lexical diffusion. Syntactic change is (micro)parametric and is typically motivated by changes in lexical features combined with morphological attrition and/or principles of efficient computation. The latter are especially important for frequent crosslinguistic changes, including the numerous shifts from lexical to functional content as well as changes within functional categories. The volume closes with the genesis of creole inflectional, derivational, and syntactic categories, involving the interaction of contact phenomena with morphological and syntactic change.Less
Positional correlations and linearization changes mark the transition to morphology and syntax. On most theoretical accounts, morphology is not autonomous, but interacts with at least three other domains: (i) phonology and perception, (ii) the lexicon/culture, and (iii) syntax. The first is treated extensively in Volume I. The second is illustrated with the rise of the feminine gender in Indo‐European, and the third by documentation of the changes from Latin to Romance in the shift from morphological to syntactic coding of reflexive, anticausative, middle, and passive. In morphological change, both inflectional and derivational markers are shown to spread by lexical diffusion. Syntactic change is (micro)parametric and is typically motivated by changes in lexical features combined with morphological attrition and/or principles of efficient computation. The latter are especially important for frequent crosslinguistic changes, including the numerous shifts from lexical to functional content as well as changes within functional categories. The volume closes with the genesis of creole inflectional, derivational, and syntactic categories, involving the interaction of contact phenomena with morphological and syntactic change.
Lance Fortnow
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780691175782
- eISBN:
- 9781400846610
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691175782.003.0005
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Programming Languages
This chapter explores two separate paths that led to the P versus NP question. In the end it was Steve Cook in the West and Leonid Levin in the East who would first ask whether P = NP. Science does ...
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This chapter explores two separate paths that led to the P versus NP question. In the end it was Steve Cook in the West and Leonid Levin in the East who would first ask whether P = NP. Science does not happen in a vacuum, and both sides have a long history leading to the work of Cook and Levin. The chapter covers just a small part of those research agendas, the struggle in the West to understand efficient computation and the struggle in the East to understand the necessity of perebor. Both would lead to P versus NP. Today, with most academic work available over the Internet and with generally open travel around the world, there is now one large research community instead of two separate ones.Less
This chapter explores two separate paths that led to the P versus NP question. In the end it was Steve Cook in the West and Leonid Levin in the East who would first ask whether P = NP. Science does not happen in a vacuum, and both sides have a long history leading to the work of Cook and Levin. The chapter covers just a small part of those research agendas, the struggle in the West to understand efficient computation and the struggle in the East to understand the necessity of perebor. Both would lead to P versus NP. Today, with most academic work available over the Internet and with generally open travel around the world, there is now one large research community instead of two separate ones.
Nirmalangshu Mukherji
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014052
- eISBN:
- 9780262280310
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014052.003.0007
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter discusses CHL, which consists of Merge and the principles of efficient computation. It discusses how Merge operates only in linguistic information, the relationship of Merge to music and ...
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This chapter discusses CHL, which consists of Merge and the principles of efficient computation. It discusses how Merge operates only in linguistic information, the relationship of Merge to music and the faculty of music, and the principles of efficient computation (PCE) as the “laws of nature” according to Chomsky. It also discusses Universal Grammar that specifies the initial state of the language faculty. Aside from parametric variations in the morphological system, Chomsky believes that human language consists of a single lexicon. Chomsky also presents two competing perspective in biology: the “standard view” and the “alternative view”. The chapter also discusses the scope of computationalism and the possible restrictions on the domains in which the economy principles of language apply.Less
This chapter discusses CHL, which consists of Merge and the principles of efficient computation. It discusses how Merge operates only in linguistic information, the relationship of Merge to music and the faculty of music, and the principles of efficient computation (PCE) as the “laws of nature” according to Chomsky. It also discusses Universal Grammar that specifies the initial state of the language faculty. Aside from parametric variations in the morphological system, Chomsky believes that human language consists of a single lexicon. Chomsky also presents two competing perspective in biology: the “standard view” and the “alternative view”. The chapter also discusses the scope of computationalism and the possible restrictions on the domains in which the economy principles of language apply.
Massimiliano Di Ventra
- Published in print:
- 2022
- Published Online:
- March 2022
- ISBN:
- 9780192845320
- eISBN:
- 9780191937521
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780192845320.003.0005
- Subject:
- Physics, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
This Chapter introduces the formal definition of universal MemComputing machine (UMM). It explains its main features that set it apart from a Turing machine: intrinsic parallelism, functional ...
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This Chapter introduces the formal definition of universal MemComputing machine (UMM). It explains its main features that set it apart from a Turing machine: intrinsic parallelism, functional polymorphism, and information overhead. It also shows that a UMM with an exponential information overhead can solve NP-complete problems with polynomial resources.Less
This Chapter introduces the formal definition of universal MemComputing machine (UMM). It explains its main features that set it apart from a Turing machine: intrinsic parallelism, functional polymorphism, and information overhead. It also shows that a UMM with an exponential information overhead can solve NP-complete problems with polynomial resources.
