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This chapter outlines the range of management strategies that can be used to achieve effective management of natural resources use, including regulatory tools (such as hunting bans, quotas, and no-take-zones), distractions (such as the promotion of alternative livelihoods), incentives (such as direct conservation payments), and activities aimed at changing attitudes (such as education campaigns). The essential characteristics of each approach are outlined, giving the strengths, the weaknesses, and the conditions necessary for successful implementation. The need for an integrated management approach in most cases is emphasized, combining elements of several different approaches with strong stakeholder engagement.

This chapter examines the policies that have been introduced and proposed in a range of countries. It introduces two groups of nutrition policy intervention tools: information measures and market intervention measures. It discusses different measures like fiscal policies, information and education campaign, restrictions on advertising, legal liability, and reformulation of foods. It presents evidence of effectiveness in research literature. It complements this by using logic to suggest the probable effectiveness of interventions and hypothesize about unintended side-effects. It also offers some insight into smoking policies. The chapter concludes that information measures may be effective in the case of information problems, but behavior does not always change. Behavior is more likely to change in response to market measures which can alter the allocation and consumption between healthy and unhealthy foods.

This chapter discusses the education campaign of Elizabeth Wolstenholme Elmy. It also describes the friendship networks that supported her campaign. She was an experienced headmistress at the age of twenty-eight, following a profession she had consciously chosen. Her commentaries on the nature and purpose of women's education reveal an appreciation of how the instruction of middle-class girls and women impacted upon the advancement of humanity as a whole. Her brother's, Joseph Wolstenholme, religious proclivities are only referenced once in his sister's voluminous correspondence. Though her association with Jessie Boucherett would be significant, the two women did not see eye to eye over every aspect of their work. Boucherett realised Elizabeth's potential worth to the women's movement, her clear-sighted intellect and keen knowledge of the law. Elizabeth began the campaign by which she would become defined, the challenge to the ‘slavery’ of the English wife.

This chapter examines food policies and peasant–state relations between 1949 and 1958 in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). It demonstrates how the topic of hunger became more and more politicized, and explains how the conflicts that had developed in the early 1950s contributed to famine. It begins with an overview of debates concerning whether certain actions of the peasants could properly be defined as “resistance.” It then analyzes the conflicts between the state and the peasantry in the supply crises of 1953 and 1955. It demonstrates why hunger became strongly politicized and came to be a taboo topic during the Socialist Education Campaign in 1957, when the government began to believe that peasants were feigning hunger to avoid procurement and to receive famine relief. This development had deadly consequences when the famine actually broke out.

Strategies aimed at preventing alcohol-related harms are commonly grouped together on the basis of similar characteristics, or underlying theoretical approaches to reducing harm. This chapter reviews a number of such strategies which are commonly grouped together as public information and education campaigns. It suggests that while these strategies may increase knowledge and awareness of alcohol-related harms, there is not strong evidence that, on their own, they can reduce alcohol use or alcohol-related harms.

This chapter examines the question of whether people's judgments of justice can be change. It begins by reviewing some recent reform campaigns that touch such matters of community judgments about wrongdoing. It then considers the difficulties with changing shared intuitions of justice, followed by an examination of what can and cannot be realistically changed. Drawing on this analysis, the chapter offers advice to social reformers about how best to accomplish their goals. Two potentially effective methods for changing judgments of justice are identified: public education campaigns to manipulate the strength of analogies to core wrongs and the internalization of group beliefs. The chapter also addresses criticisms against several points contained in the previous chapters.

This chapter examines the flourishing industry in transnational child trafficking leading to different forms of exploitative child labor in peacetime, along with its human rights implications. It begins with a discussion of important innovations in the representation of trafficked children who use the asylum protection system to secure a lawful permanent status, as well as progress in dealing with child victims of trafficking outside the asylum system. It then considers some of the complexities involved in curbing the “supply” of trafficked children, questions regarding the magnitude of human trafficking and how best to counter it, and the assumption that trafficking is simply a form of modern-day slavery. It also describes the law enforcement approach to child trafficking and public education campaigns for at-risk children about the danger of being trafficked. The chapter concludes by suggesting alternatives to existing strategies aimed at stemming the flow of trafficked children.

This chapter offers information on nongovernmental organizing and the consensus-building efforts of an initiative called “Envision Utah” to bring the ideal and strategy of quality growth to media and public awareness. This large-scale public participation model helped to mobilize resources to promote the strategy of quality urban growth in a political context that was considered by experts in the field to be unfriendly to public planning. The leadership, operational strategy, and an extraordinary commitment to achieving the purpose helped Envision Utah to make the movement for quality growth in Utah a success. This case also highlights how small-scale citizen engagement and large-scale public education campaigns helped manage rapid urban growth in Utah.