James G. Teer
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195309454
- eISBN:
- 9780199871261
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195309454.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discusses seven trends and issues in global conservation: (1) the emergence of ecology as a science, (2) the proliferation and influence of nongovernmental organizations, (3) sustainable ...
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This chapter discusses seven trends and issues in global conservation: (1) the emergence of ecology as a science, (2) the proliferation and influence of nongovernmental organizations, (3) sustainable use, (4) the transfer of ownership of wildlife to the private sector, (5) game farming and ranching, (6) development of ecotourism and nonconsumptive uses of wildlife, and (7) the strategy of saving what is useful to human society. It argues that although we face many challenges in global conservation, not all the news about its current state of global conservation is bad. Some wildlife populations have recovered to nuisance levels (e.g., white-tailed deer, elk, turkeys). Because of advances in ecology and related disciplines, conservation has become based more on science and less on opinion.Less
This chapter discusses seven trends and issues in global conservation: (1) the emergence of ecology as a science, (2) the proliferation and influence of nongovernmental organizations, (3) sustainable use, (4) the transfer of ownership of wildlife to the private sector, (5) game farming and ranching, (6) development of ecotourism and nonconsumptive uses of wildlife, and (7) the strategy of saving what is useful to human society. It argues that although we face many challenges in global conservation, not all the news about its current state of global conservation is bad. Some wildlife populations have recovered to nuisance levels (e.g., white-tailed deer, elk, turkeys). Because of advances in ecology and related disciplines, conservation has become based more on science and less on opinion.
Peter Hogarth
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198568704
- eISBN:
- 9780191717536
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198568704.003.0011
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
This chapter discusses the human benefits from mangrove and seagrass ecosystems. Topics covered include direct and indirect uses of mangroves, coastal protection, ecotourism, sustainable management, ...
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This chapter discusses the human benefits from mangrove and seagrass ecosystems. Topics covered include direct and indirect uses of mangroves, coastal protection, ecotourism, sustainable management, hurricanes and typhoons, mangroves and pollution, mangrove rehabilitation, benefits and threats to seagrasses, and global warming.Less
This chapter discusses the human benefits from mangrove and seagrass ecosystems. Topics covered include direct and indirect uses of mangroves, coastal protection, ecotourism, sustainable management, hurricanes and typhoons, mangroves and pollution, mangrove rehabilitation, benefits and threats to seagrasses, and global warming.
Barbara Goldoftas
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195135114
- eISBN:
- 9780199868216
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195135114.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Until the 1990s, the province of Palawan was the final ecological frontier in the Philippines. Its relatively intact natural resources and unusually rich biodiversity made it the focus of attempts to ...
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Until the 1990s, the province of Palawan was the final ecological frontier in the Philippines. Its relatively intact natural resources and unusually rich biodiversity made it the focus of attempts to create a model for sustainable development, particularly through the development of ecotourism. In the memorable coastal town El Nido in the 1990s, local officials were unable to get the political support they needed to provide strict enforcement of the marine protected area. Eventually, corruption and the influence of powerful economic and political interests determined the direction that ecotourism developed. This chapter looks at the political and economic roles of the sex industry in the Philippines. It also analyzes the benefits and drawbacks of ecotourism as a development strategy.Less
Until the 1990s, the province of Palawan was the final ecological frontier in the Philippines. Its relatively intact natural resources and unusually rich biodiversity made it the focus of attempts to create a model for sustainable development, particularly through the development of ecotourism. In the memorable coastal town El Nido in the 1990s, local officials were unable to get the political support they needed to provide strict enforcement of the marine protected area. Eventually, corruption and the influence of powerful economic and political interests determined the direction that ecotourism developed. This chapter looks at the political and economic roles of the sex industry in the Philippines. It also analyzes the benefits and drawbacks of ecotourism as a development strategy.
Geoffrey Heal
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780231180849
- eISBN:
- 9780231543286
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231180849.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
In the decades since Geoffrey Heal began his field-defining work in environmental economics, one central question has animated his research: "Can we save our environment and grow our economy?" This ...
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In the decades since Geoffrey Heal began his field-defining work in environmental economics, one central question has animated his research: "Can we save our environment and grow our economy?" This issue has become only more urgent in recent years with the threat of climate change, the accelerating loss of ecosystems, and the rapid industrialization of the developing world. Reflecting on a lifetime of experience not only as a leading voice in the field, but as a green entrepreneur, activist, and advisor to governments and global organizations, Heal clearly and passionately demonstrates that the only way to achieve long-term economic growth is to protect our environment. Writing both to those conversant in economics and to those encountering these ideas for the first time, Heal begins with familiar concepts, like the tragedy of the commons and unregulated pollution, to demonstrate the underlying tensions that have compromised our planet, damaging and in many cases devastating our natural world. Such destruction has dire consequences not only for us and the environment but also for businesses, which often vastly underestimate their reliance on unpriced natural benefits like pollination, the water cycle, marine and forest ecosystems, and more. After painting a stark and unsettling picture of our current quandary, Heal outlines simple solutions that have already proven effective in conserving nature and boosting economic growth. In order to ensure a prosperous future for humanity, we must understand how environment and economy interact and how they can work in harmony—lest we permanently harm both.Less
In the decades since Geoffrey Heal began his field-defining work in environmental economics, one central question has animated his research: "Can we save our environment and grow our economy?" This issue has become only more urgent in recent years with the threat of climate change, the accelerating loss of ecosystems, and the rapid industrialization of the developing world. Reflecting on a lifetime of experience not only as a leading voice in the field, but as a green entrepreneur, activist, and advisor to governments and global organizations, Heal clearly and passionately demonstrates that the only way to achieve long-term economic growth is to protect our environment. Writing both to those conversant in economics and to those encountering these ideas for the first time, Heal begins with familiar concepts, like the tragedy of the commons and unregulated pollution, to demonstrate the underlying tensions that have compromised our planet, damaging and in many cases devastating our natural world. Such destruction has dire consequences not only for us and the environment but also for businesses, which often vastly underestimate their reliance on unpriced natural benefits like pollination, the water cycle, marine and forest ecosystems, and more. After painting a stark and unsettling picture of our current quandary, Heal outlines simple solutions that have already proven effective in conserving nature and boosting economic growth. In order to ensure a prosperous future for humanity, we must understand how environment and economy interact and how they can work in harmony—lest we permanently harm both.
David V. Carruthers (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262033725
- eISBN:
- 9780262269957
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262033725.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
Environmental justice concerns form an important part of popular environmental movements in many countries. Activists, scholars, and policymakers in the developing world, for example, increasingly ...
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Environmental justice concerns form an important part of popular environmental movements in many countries. Activists, scholars, and policymakers in the developing world, for example, increasingly use the tools of environmental justice to link concerns over social justice and environmental well-being. This book investigates the emergence of a distinctively Latin American environmental justice movement, offering analyses and case studies that examine both the promise and the limits of environmental justice in Latin America and the Caribbean—both as a rallying point for popular mobilization and as a set of principles for analysis and policymaking. After considering such conceptual issues as the connection between environmental conditions and race, trade, and social justice, it presents a series of case studies. These studies focus first on industrial development, examining such topics as social tension over “megadevelopment” projects in Argentina and the concentrated industrial waste hazards of the export assembly plants at the U.S.–Mexico border, and then on the power and politics involved in land and resource use. Other chapters explore ecotourism; inequitable land distribution in Brazil; the ongoing struggle for justice and accountability over the former U.S. Navy bombing range in Vieques, Puerto Rico; and water policy in Chile, Bolivia, and Mexico. Taken together, the analyses and case studies suggest that environmental justice—which highlights both broader issues of global injustice and local concerns—holds promise as a way to understand and address environmental inequities in Latin America and elsewhere.Less
Environmental justice concerns form an important part of popular environmental movements in many countries. Activists, scholars, and policymakers in the developing world, for example, increasingly use the tools of environmental justice to link concerns over social justice and environmental well-being. This book investigates the emergence of a distinctively Latin American environmental justice movement, offering analyses and case studies that examine both the promise and the limits of environmental justice in Latin America and the Caribbean—both as a rallying point for popular mobilization and as a set of principles for analysis and policymaking. After considering such conceptual issues as the connection between environmental conditions and race, trade, and social justice, it presents a series of case studies. These studies focus first on industrial development, examining such topics as social tension over “megadevelopment” projects in Argentina and the concentrated industrial waste hazards of the export assembly plants at the U.S.–Mexico border, and then on the power and politics involved in land and resource use. Other chapters explore ecotourism; inequitable land distribution in Brazil; the ongoing struggle for justice and accountability over the former U.S. Navy bombing range in Vieques, Puerto Rico; and water policy in Chile, Bolivia, and Mexico. Taken together, the analyses and case studies suggest that environmental justice—which highlights both broader issues of global injustice and local concerns—holds promise as a way to understand and address environmental inequities in Latin America and elsewhere.
Roger D. Stone
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520217997
- eISBN:
- 9780520936072
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520217997.003.0011
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
This chapter explores the possibilities of increased forest conservation and an increased role of local-community participation in it. Despite increased demand for forest resources and increasing ...
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This chapter explores the possibilities of increased forest conservation and an increased role of local-community participation in it. Despite increased demand for forest resources and increasing population, tighter rules, incentives, democratization, and financial and technical support from donors can help in minimizing the forest loss and concentrating the plantations on agricultural wastelands or cut-over degraded forests. Various substitutes of fuelwood and agroforestry systems that produce fuelwood as a byproduct can also help in reducing the pressure on forests. The increased importance of nongovernmental organizations, reduced political clout of traditional timber tycoons in developing countries, and increased media attention would also help in reducing corruption in the government and thus help in the formulation of more community-centric sustainable forest-conservation policies. The increased awareness of the people regarding environmental degradation, along with the fast-growing ecotourism sector, is also expected to play a positive role in the conservation of forestlands.Less
This chapter explores the possibilities of increased forest conservation and an increased role of local-community participation in it. Despite increased demand for forest resources and increasing population, tighter rules, incentives, democratization, and financial and technical support from donors can help in minimizing the forest loss and concentrating the plantations on agricultural wastelands or cut-over degraded forests. Various substitutes of fuelwood and agroforestry systems that produce fuelwood as a byproduct can also help in reducing the pressure on forests. The increased importance of nongovernmental organizations, reduced political clout of traditional timber tycoons in developing countries, and increased media attention would also help in reducing corruption in the government and thus help in the formulation of more community-centric sustainable forest-conservation policies. The increased awareness of the people regarding environmental degradation, along with the fast-growing ecotourism sector, is also expected to play a positive role in the conservation of forestlands.
Robyn Ferrell
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231148801
- eISBN:
- 9780231504423
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231148801.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
As the international art market globalizes the indigenous image, it changes its identity, status, value, and purpose in local and larger contexts. Focusing on a school of Australian Aboriginal ...
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As the international art market globalizes the indigenous image, it changes its identity, status, value, and purpose in local and larger contexts. Focusing on a school of Australian Aboriginal painting that has become popular in the contemporary art world, the book traces the influence of cultural exchanges on art, the self, and attitudes toward the other. Aboriginal acrylic painting, produced by indigenous women artists of the Australian Desert, bears a superficial resemblance to abstract expressionism and is often read as such by viewers. Yet to see this art only through a Western lens is to miss its unique ontology, logics of sensation, and rich politics and religion. The book explores the culture that produces these paintings and connects their aesthetic to the brutal environmental and economic realities of the painters. From here, it travels to urban locales, observing museums and department stores as they traffic interchangeably in art and commodities. The book ties the history of these desert works to global acts of genocide and dispossession. Rethinking the value of the artistic image in the global market and different interpretations of the sacred, it considers photojournalism, ecotourism, and other sacred sites of the Western subject, investigating the intersection of modern art and postmodern culture. The book ultimately challenges the primacy of the “European gaze” and its fascination with sacred cultures, constructing a more balanced intercultural dialogue that deemphasizes the aesthetic of the real championed by Western philosophy.Less
As the international art market globalizes the indigenous image, it changes its identity, status, value, and purpose in local and larger contexts. Focusing on a school of Australian Aboriginal painting that has become popular in the contemporary art world, the book traces the influence of cultural exchanges on art, the self, and attitudes toward the other. Aboriginal acrylic painting, produced by indigenous women artists of the Australian Desert, bears a superficial resemblance to abstract expressionism and is often read as such by viewers. Yet to see this art only through a Western lens is to miss its unique ontology, logics of sensation, and rich politics and religion. The book explores the culture that produces these paintings and connects their aesthetic to the brutal environmental and economic realities of the painters. From here, it travels to urban locales, observing museums and department stores as they traffic interchangeably in art and commodities. The book ties the history of these desert works to global acts of genocide and dispossession. Rethinking the value of the artistic image in the global market and different interpretations of the sacred, it considers photojournalism, ecotourism, and other sacred sites of the Western subject, investigating the intersection of modern art and postmodern culture. The book ultimately challenges the primacy of the “European gaze” and its fascination with sacred cultures, constructing a more balanced intercultural dialogue that deemphasizes the aesthetic of the real championed by Western philosophy.
Peter Redfield
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520219847
- eISBN:
- 9780520923423
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520219847.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
Rockets roar into space—bearing roughly half the world's commercial satellites—from the same South American coastal rainforest where convicts once did time on infamous Devil's Island. This book draws ...
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Rockets roar into space—bearing roughly half the world's commercial satellites—from the same South American coastal rainforest where convicts once did time on infamous Devil's Island. This book draws from these two disparate European projects in French Guiana a web of ideas about the intersections of nature and culture. In comparing the Franco-European Ariane rocket program with the earlier penal experiment, the author connects the myth of Robinson Crusoe, nineteenth-century prison reform, the Dreyfus Affair, tropical medicine, postwar exploration of outer space, satellite technology, development, and ecotourism with a focus on place, and the incorporation of this particular place into greater extended systems. Examining the wider context of the Ariane program, he argues that technology and nature must be understood within a greater ecology of displacement and makes a case for the importance of margins in understanding the trajectories of modern life.Less
Rockets roar into space—bearing roughly half the world's commercial satellites—from the same South American coastal rainforest where convicts once did time on infamous Devil's Island. This book draws from these two disparate European projects in French Guiana a web of ideas about the intersections of nature and culture. In comparing the Franco-European Ariane rocket program with the earlier penal experiment, the author connects the myth of Robinson Crusoe, nineteenth-century prison reform, the Dreyfus Affair, tropical medicine, postwar exploration of outer space, satellite technology, development, and ecotourism with a focus on place, and the incorporation of this particular place into greater extended systems. Examining the wider context of the Ariane program, he argues that technology and nature must be understood within a greater ecology of displacement and makes a case for the importance of margins in understanding the trajectories of modern life.
Laura Barbas-Rhoden
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813035468
- eISBN:
- 9780813038155
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813035468.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This chapter looks at Costa Rican texts which pick up the story of Latin American environmental history in the mid- to late twentieth century as the republics of the isthmus embraced agricultural ...
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This chapter looks at Costa Rican texts which pick up the story of Latin American environmental history in the mid- to late twentieth century as the republics of the isthmus embraced agricultural export economies and neoliberal policies associated with globalization. It explores three Costa Rica novels which investigate the regional, economical, and environmental history of the state. The central point of these stories revolves around culture, land usage, and politics in Costa Rica.Less
This chapter looks at Costa Rican texts which pick up the story of Latin American environmental history in the mid- to late twentieth century as the republics of the isthmus embraced agricultural export economies and neoliberal policies associated with globalization. It explores three Costa Rica novels which investigate the regional, economical, and environmental history of the state. The central point of these stories revolves around culture, land usage, and politics in Costa Rica.
Fuwen Wei, Guang Yang, Hu Jinchu, and Steringham Stephen
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520238671
- eISBN:
- 9780520930162
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520238671.003.0023
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter considers the availability of bamboo shoots in light of competition from humans, bamboo rats, and insects. It also investigates the population dynamics of predators (panda) and prey ...
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This chapter considers the availability of bamboo shoots in light of competition from humans, bamboo rats, and insects. It also investigates the population dynamics of predators (panda) and prey (bamboo). Bamboo supply appears more than adequate to support a several-fold increase in the panda population, so long as losses to rats, insects, and human harvest do not increase dramatically. A panel report reviews several important aspects of effective reserve management: reserve design, training of personnel, long-range planning, and implementation of effective protection programs. Participants identified the primary threats facing the reserves, as well as factors that limit the capacity of reserve personnel and the training needed to make them more effective. In addition, the participants devised a list of problems and priority-action items for the reserves. An opportunity for ecotourism related to pandas exists, but good examples of this approach cannot yet be found in China.Less
This chapter considers the availability of bamboo shoots in light of competition from humans, bamboo rats, and insects. It also investigates the population dynamics of predators (panda) and prey (bamboo). Bamboo supply appears more than adequate to support a several-fold increase in the panda population, so long as losses to rats, insects, and human harvest do not increase dramatically. A panel report reviews several important aspects of effective reserve management: reserve design, training of personnel, long-range planning, and implementation of effective protection programs. Participants identified the primary threats facing the reserves, as well as factors that limit the capacity of reserve personnel and the training needed to make them more effective. In addition, the participants devised a list of problems and priority-action items for the reserves. An opportunity for ecotourism related to pandas exists, but good examples of this approach cannot yet be found in China.
Charles R. Knapp
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520238541
- eISBN:
- 9780520930117
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520238541.003.0023
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter focuses on ecotourism and its impact on iguana conservation in the Caribbean. It begins by reviewing the four conditions the ecotourism industry must uphold to insure that benefits for ...
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This chapter focuses on ecotourism and its impact on iguana conservation in the Caribbean. It begins by reviewing the four conditions the ecotourism industry must uphold to insure that benefits for protected areas are provided: sustainable use; educational programs for participants and local populations; participation of local communities; and a minimal effect on wildlife and the natural environment. It then provides examples of tourist activities and their effects and describes how ecotourism is benefitting iguana conservation in the Caribbean.Less
This chapter focuses on ecotourism and its impact on iguana conservation in the Caribbean. It begins by reviewing the four conditions the ecotourism industry must uphold to insure that benefits for protected areas are provided: sustainable use; educational programs for participants and local populations; participation of local communities; and a minimal effect on wildlife and the natural environment. It then provides examples of tourist activities and their effects and describes how ecotourism is benefitting iguana conservation in the Caribbean.
Josphat Ngonyo and Mariam Wanjala
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226925332
- eISBN:
- 9780226925363
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226925363.003.0024
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discuses conservation challenges in Kenya. The country has a number of projects aimed at protecting endangered species and maintaining biodiversity. Those taking precedence include ...
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This chapter discuses conservation challenges in Kenya. The country has a number of projects aimed at protecting endangered species and maintaining biodiversity. Those taking precedence include protecting rhinoceroses and elephants, preserving wetlands and forests, and educating youth. The particular challenges faced include economic and social-cultural ones, the destruction of wildlife habitats, security, inadequate incentives, and climate change. Political corruption is also a major problem. A recent study showed that political corruption and bad governance, rather than human population pressures and poverty, may be the greatest threat to wildlife in developing countries. Community involvement in resource management is an essential component of conservation projects, and local people—the ultimate owners and guardians of natural ecosystems—must be the direct beneficiaries of the income that accrues from the use of ecosystems. Ecotourism should also be promoted in reserves and parks due to its overall benefits to both the people and the environment.Less
This chapter discuses conservation challenges in Kenya. The country has a number of projects aimed at protecting endangered species and maintaining biodiversity. Those taking precedence include protecting rhinoceroses and elephants, preserving wetlands and forests, and educating youth. The particular challenges faced include economic and social-cultural ones, the destruction of wildlife habitats, security, inadequate incentives, and climate change. Political corruption is also a major problem. A recent study showed that political corruption and bad governance, rather than human population pressures and poverty, may be the greatest threat to wildlife in developing countries. Community involvement in resource management is an essential component of conservation projects, and local people—the ultimate owners and guardians of natural ecosystems—must be the direct beneficiaries of the income that accrues from the use of ecosystems. Ecotourism should also be promoted in reserves and parks due to its overall benefits to both the people and the environment.
A. Peter Klimley
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226442495
- eISBN:
- 9780226923086
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226923086.003.0015
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
This chapter discusses the interactions between the cartilaginous fishes and humans. It describes the risk of being bitten by a shark or being impaled by the barb of a stingray and the growing ...
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This chapter discusses the interactions between the cartilaginous fishes and humans. It describes the risk of being bitten by a shark or being impaled by the barb of a stingray and the growing interest of ecologically aware tourists in viewing sharks underwater. It recounts a few infamous shark attacks to illustrate the severe economic repercussions of such a highly publicized mishap; explains the motivations behind this behavior; it also places the modest risk of shark attack in the context of many other greater risks in daily life. The chapter also considers the economic value of shark and ray ecotourism, and provides information on what species can now be viewed underwater and where to go to see them.Less
This chapter discusses the interactions between the cartilaginous fishes and humans. It describes the risk of being bitten by a shark or being impaled by the barb of a stingray and the growing interest of ecologically aware tourists in viewing sharks underwater. It recounts a few infamous shark attacks to illustrate the severe economic repercussions of such a highly publicized mishap; explains the motivations behind this behavior; it also places the modest risk of shark attack in the context of many other greater risks in daily life. The chapter also considers the economic value of shark and ray ecotourism, and provides information on what species can now be viewed underwater and where to go to see them.
Eve Monique Zucker
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824836115
- eISBN:
- 9780824871079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824836115.003.0011
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
In this epilogue, the author talks about the changes that have occurred in O'Thmaa seven years after her initial fieldwork. She cites the rise of ecotourism and the establishment of an international ...
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In this epilogue, the author talks about the changes that have occurred in O'Thmaa seven years after her initial fieldwork. She cites the rise of ecotourism and the establishment of an international conservation agency office in the area and describes the houses and the forest there. She also reflects on the marriages, births, and deaths in the village and reveals that Bon Dalien was not celebrated in either 2009 or 2010. Also, she was surprised to find that Ta Kam was still alive; he is almost ninety years old now. Finally, she considers the question of social support and cohesion within the village and the impact of the Khmer Rouge Tribunal on villagers' perceptions of the past, their identities today, and their relationship with the rest of Cambodia.Less
In this epilogue, the author talks about the changes that have occurred in O'Thmaa seven years after her initial fieldwork. She cites the rise of ecotourism and the establishment of an international conservation agency office in the area and describes the houses and the forest there. She also reflects on the marriages, births, and deaths in the village and reveals that Bon Dalien was not celebrated in either 2009 or 2010. Also, she was surprised to find that Ta Kam was still alive; he is almost ninety years old now. Finally, she considers the question of social support and cohesion within the village and the impact of the Khmer Rouge Tribunal on villagers' perceptions of the past, their identities today, and their relationship with the rest of Cambodia.
Han Olff and J. Grant C. Hopcraft
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226760339
- eISBN:
- 9780226760353
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226760353.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter analyzes how current human population density and land use respond to environmental gradients, with an emphasis on rainfall and soil fertility, and compares this to the responses of ...
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This chapter analyzes how current human population density and land use respond to environmental gradients, with an emphasis on rainfall and soil fertility, and compares this to the responses of large resident herbivores. It identifies historic shifts that led to intensified human land use in East Africa, identifying three distinct phases: hunter-gatherer, agripastoralist, and modern commercialized societies. These three historic phases of human land use are analogous to current main land use systems in the Serengeti–Mara ecosystem: (1) parks for wildlife and ecotourism; (2) protected multiple-use areas where people and wildlife coexist; and (3) the rural/village areas, with agricultural and livestock systems managed by a variety of more or less formal land tenure systems. This sets the scene for a discussion of the resource basis of human-wildlife interactions in savannas, from which we can learn to manage these interactions better in the future.Less
This chapter analyzes how current human population density and land use respond to environmental gradients, with an emphasis on rainfall and soil fertility, and compares this to the responses of large resident herbivores. It identifies historic shifts that led to intensified human land use in East Africa, identifying three distinct phases: hunter-gatherer, agripastoralist, and modern commercialized societies. These three historic phases of human land use are analogous to current main land use systems in the Serengeti–Mara ecosystem: (1) parks for wildlife and ecotourism; (2) protected multiple-use areas where people and wildlife coexist; and (3) the rural/village areas, with agricultural and livestock systems managed by a variety of more or less formal land tenure systems. This sets the scene for a discussion of the resource basis of human-wildlife interactions in savannas, from which we can learn to manage these interactions better in the future.
Michele Zebich-Knos
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262033725
- eISBN:
- 9780262269957
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262033725.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter examines the role of ecotourism and park systems in ensuring environmental justice in Latin America, and examines the role of ecotourism in earning revenues for small towns and villages. ...
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This chapter examines the role of ecotourism and park systems in ensuring environmental justice in Latin America, and examines the role of ecotourism in earning revenues for small towns and villages. It also focuses on ecoturism’s relationship with an emerging environmental effort to expand national and private parks. The chapter specifically explores the role of ecotourism in distributing development revenues in the areas surrounding national parks and reserves in Latin America. It also explores the prevailing relationship between local communities and public protected areas to determine the role of and returns from ecotourism and park systems in the continent. Local and national leaders of Latin America have also realized that ecotourism can play a key role in environmental conservation by generating the required funds for such efforts.Less
This chapter examines the role of ecotourism and park systems in ensuring environmental justice in Latin America, and examines the role of ecotourism in earning revenues for small towns and villages. It also focuses on ecoturism’s relationship with an emerging environmental effort to expand national and private parks. The chapter specifically explores the role of ecotourism in distributing development revenues in the areas surrounding national parks and reserves in Latin America. It also explores the prevailing relationship between local communities and public protected areas to determine the role of and returns from ecotourism and park systems in the continent. Local and national leaders of Latin America have also realized that ecotourism can play a key role in environmental conservation by generating the required funds for such efforts.
Thomas R. H. Havens
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824834777
- eISBN:
- 9780824871680
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824834777.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines new eco-regimes of volunteerism and ecological consciousness in both city and natural parks during the 1990s and early twenty-first century. During the 1990s and early 2000s, ...
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This chapter examines new eco-regimes of volunteerism and ecological consciousness in both city and natural parks during the 1990s and early twenty-first century. During the 1990s and early 2000s, civic-minded Japanese increasingly engaged with ecological issues in general and open space planning in particular, in both city and natural parks. Since World War II, Japanese leaders have devoted enormous resources to bringing green spaces to their cities but relatively fewer to protecting the nation's seemingly abundant countryside environment. This chapter first considers the issue of wildlife protection that affected natural parks and other preserves in the early 2000s, along with the international recognition received by Japanese national parks and other landscapes as World Heritage sites and Ramsar Convention wetlands. It also discusses the emergence of a new forest culture aimed at attracting visitors to the recreation areas within national forests; the emergence of eco-regimes that sought to restore rural interfaces between farms and forests; and the ecotourism spawned by natural parks and national forests.Less
This chapter examines new eco-regimes of volunteerism and ecological consciousness in both city and natural parks during the 1990s and early twenty-first century. During the 1990s and early 2000s, civic-minded Japanese increasingly engaged with ecological issues in general and open space planning in particular, in both city and natural parks. Since World War II, Japanese leaders have devoted enormous resources to bringing green spaces to their cities but relatively fewer to protecting the nation's seemingly abundant countryside environment. This chapter first considers the issue of wildlife protection that affected natural parks and other preserves in the early 2000s, along with the international recognition received by Japanese national parks and other landscapes as World Heritage sites and Ramsar Convention wetlands. It also discusses the emergence of a new forest culture aimed at attracting visitors to the recreation areas within national forests; the emergence of eco-regimes that sought to restore rural interfaces between farms and forests; and the ecotourism spawned by natural parks and national forests.
Stephanie Rutherford
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816674404
- eISBN:
- 9781452946740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816674404.003.0003
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Nature
This chapter discusses how ecotourism is not only about environmentalism but also about power. Ecotours can work to structure vision, separate nature, and culture, and proffer discourses of science ...
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This chapter discusses how ecotourism is not only about environmentalism but also about power. Ecotours can work to structure vision, separate nature, and culture, and proffer discourses of science and romanticism that have the effect of “truth”. Ecotours offer a kind of visual grammar for natural beauty, backed up by a long history of romantic encounters with wilderness and narratives of a national nature. The ecotour also offers an opening to think about the relationship between the human and nonhuman in different ways.Less
This chapter discusses how ecotourism is not only about environmentalism but also about power. Ecotours can work to structure vision, separate nature, and culture, and proffer discourses of science and romanticism that have the effect of “truth”. Ecotours offer a kind of visual grammar for natural beauty, backed up by a long history of romantic encounters with wilderness and narratives of a national nature. The ecotour also offers an opening to think about the relationship between the human and nonhuman in different ways.
Kate Pride Brown
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- March 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190660949
- eISBN:
- 9780190660987
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190660949.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Movements and Social Change, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter traces the relational position of civil society through the history of three key organizations: Baikal Environmental Wave, the Tahoe-Baikal Institute, and the Great Baikal Trail. The ...
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This chapter traces the relational position of civil society through the history of three key organizations: Baikal Environmental Wave, the Tahoe-Baikal Institute, and the Great Baikal Trail. The development of local environmental civil society around Lake Baikal in the post-Soviet years was conditioned by two important changes. First, the Soviet collapse opened the door to global interaction. Local civil society was inextricably linked to global networks and forces that shaped the course of its development. Second, civil society’s strength and independence shifted along with the status of other power holders in the larger field. In the 1990s, the economy and the state were in crisis and collapse. Civil society was then most free to define itself and take aggressive positions. As the two opposing powers recover in the 2000s, accommodation to economic and political power is preferred.Less
This chapter traces the relational position of civil society through the history of three key organizations: Baikal Environmental Wave, the Tahoe-Baikal Institute, and the Great Baikal Trail. The development of local environmental civil society around Lake Baikal in the post-Soviet years was conditioned by two important changes. First, the Soviet collapse opened the door to global interaction. Local civil society was inextricably linked to global networks and forces that shaped the course of its development. Second, civil society’s strength and independence shifted along with the status of other power holders in the larger field. In the 1990s, the economy and the state were in crisis and collapse. Civil society was then most free to define itself and take aggressive positions. As the two opposing powers recover in the 2000s, accommodation to economic and political power is preferred.
Res Altwegg, Adam West, Lindsey Gillson, and Guy F. Midgley
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199679584
- eISBN:
- 9780191791949
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199679584.003.0013
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
Climate is an important driver of biodiversity in the GCFR and the region is thus
potentially vulnerable to climate change. The climate in the region has warmed over the
last century, but there has ...
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Climate is an important driver of biodiversity in the GCFR and the region is thus
potentially vulnerable to climate change. The climate in the region has warmed over the
last century, but there has been no clear trend in rainfall. Further warming and
moderate drying are predicted for the region. The GCFR has been extensively used as test
case for modelling climate change impacts on biodiversity at the biome and species
level. Most studies project range contractions and species losses. Experiments on plants
have revealed highly species-specific responses to changes in temperature and drought,
as well as limited direct effects of elevated CO2. Together with a complex
topography, microclimate and the importance of additional drivers of biodiversity change
such as fire and land use, these experiments suggest that biodiversity in the GCFR will
react to climate change in complex ways. So far, few empirical tests of the abundant
projections have been attempted, which is identified as a key knowledge gap.
Biodiversity in the GCFR underpins a number of ecosystem services that support the
livelihoods of a large part of the human population. Projected climate change has the
potential to negatively affect biodiversity and water availability, with potential
impacts on the ecotourism and agricultural sectors.Less
Climate is an important driver of biodiversity in the GCFR and the region is thus
potentially vulnerable to climate change. The climate in the region has warmed over the
last century, but there has been no clear trend in rainfall. Further warming and
moderate drying are predicted for the region. The GCFR has been extensively used as test
case for modelling climate change impacts on biodiversity at the biome and species
level. Most studies project range contractions and species losses. Experiments on plants
have revealed highly species-specific responses to changes in temperature and drought,
as well as limited direct effects of elevated CO2. Together with a complex
topography, microclimate and the importance of additional drivers of biodiversity change
such as fire and land use, these experiments suggest that biodiversity in the GCFR will
react to climate change in complex ways. So far, few empirical tests of the abundant
projections have been attempted, which is identified as a key knowledge gap.
Biodiversity in the GCFR underpins a number of ecosystem services that support the
livelihoods of a large part of the human population. Projected climate change has the
potential to negatively affect biodiversity and water availability, with potential
impacts on the ecotourism and agricultural sectors.
