Sean D. Ehrlich
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199737536
- eISBN:
- 9780199918645
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737536.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Access Points develops a new theory about how democratic institutions influence policy outcomes. Access Point Theory argues that the more points of access that institutions provide to ...
More
Access Points develops a new theory about how democratic institutions influence policy outcomes. Access Point Theory argues that the more points of access that institutions provide to interest groups, the cheaper lobbying will be, and, thus, the more lobbying will occur. This will lead to more complex policy, as policymakers insert specific provisions to benefit special interests, and, if one side of the debate has a lobbying advantage, to more biased policy, as the advantaged side is able to better take advantage of the cheaper lobbying. This book then uses Access Point Theory to explain why some countries have more protectionist and more complex trade policies than others; why some countries have stronger environmental and banking regulations than others; and why some countries have more complicated tax codes than others. In policy area after policy area, this book finds that more access points lead to more biased and more complex policy. Access Points provides scholars a powerful tool to explain how political institutions matter and why countries implement the policies they do.Less
Access Points develops a new theory about how democratic institutions influence policy outcomes. Access Point Theory argues that the more points of access that institutions provide to interest groups, the cheaper lobbying will be, and, thus, the more lobbying will occur. This will lead to more complex policy, as policymakers insert specific provisions to benefit special interests, and, if one side of the debate has a lobbying advantage, to more biased policy, as the advantaged side is able to better take advantage of the cheaper lobbying. This book then uses Access Point Theory to explain why some countries have more protectionist and more complex trade policies than others; why some countries have stronger environmental and banking regulations than others; and why some countries have more complicated tax codes than others. In policy area after policy area, this book finds that more access points lead to more biased and more complex policy. Access Points provides scholars a powerful tool to explain how political institutions matter and why countries implement the policies they do.
Bernard Hoekman and Michel Kostecki
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294313
- eISBN:
- 9780191596445
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829431X.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This book analyses the multilateral trading system's principles, rules, and procedures. It is not a legal text. It aims instead to provide an accessible (non‐technical) description of the rules of ...
More
This book analyses the multilateral trading system's principles, rules, and procedures. It is not a legal text. It aims instead to provide an accessible (non‐technical) description of the rules of the game and a policy‐oriented economic assessment of the disciplines that have been negotiated by WTO members. The book provides a brief historical overview of the evolution of the trading system; the organizational structure and functions of the WTO; the dispute settlement and enforcement provisions; and the role of the WTO as a forum for negotiations, with special attention given to the importance of reciprocity. The bulk of the book deals with the rules on trade policies, including regional integration and contingent protection (anti‐dumping and safeguards), agriculture, services and intellectual property, and discusses the political economy rationale underlying them. The rules are summarized and their economic policy rationale assessed in a non‐technical manner. The final part of the book discusses the evolving role of developing countries and economies in transition and the issues that are likely to be on the negotiating agenda for some time to come, including competition (anti‐trust) policy, labour standards, trade facilitation, investment, and environmental policies. An Annex summarizes the economics of major trade policy instruments and many of the issues discussed in the book.Less
This book analyses the multilateral trading system's principles, rules, and procedures. It is not a legal text. It aims instead to provide an accessible (non‐technical) description of the rules of the game and a policy‐oriented economic assessment of the disciplines that have been negotiated by WTO members. The book provides a brief historical overview of the evolution of the trading system; the organizational structure and functions of the WTO; the dispute settlement and enforcement provisions; and the role of the WTO as a forum for negotiations, with special attention given to the importance of reciprocity. The bulk of the book deals with the rules on trade policies, including regional integration and contingent protection (anti‐dumping and safeguards), agriculture, services and intellectual property, and discusses the political economy rationale underlying them. The rules are summarized and their economic policy rationale assessed in a non‐technical manner. The final part of the book discusses the evolving role of developing countries and economies in transition and the issues that are likely to be on the negotiating agenda for some time to come, including competition (anti‐trust) policy, labour standards, trade facilitation, investment, and environmental policies. An Annex summarizes the economics of major trade policy instruments and many of the issues discussed in the book.
Dia Da Costa
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040603
- eISBN:
- 9780252099045
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040603.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter introduces transnational feminist and affect theory frameworks, two activist troupes, and key concepts of sentimental capitalism and hunger called theater to argue the significance of ...
More
This chapter introduces transnational feminist and affect theory frameworks, two activist troupes, and key concepts of sentimental capitalism and hunger called theater to argue the significance of analyzing a global discursive regime of creative economy policy within the same analytical frame as activist performance. Highlighting recent articulations, affects, and contradictions of Indian creative economy policy, it presents shifting discursive and political histories. Rather than focusing on capital-rich cultural production, it makes a case for attending to unrecognized creativity within activist performance whilst analyzing the latter’s messy collaborations with hegemonic regimes of creativity. Outlines the book’s organization: Part 1 historically and spatially locates a global discursive regime in India, Ahmedabad, and Delhi; Parts 2 and 3 are ethnographies of the two troupes.Less
This chapter introduces transnational feminist and affect theory frameworks, two activist troupes, and key concepts of sentimental capitalism and hunger called theater to argue the significance of analyzing a global discursive regime of creative economy policy within the same analytical frame as activist performance. Highlighting recent articulations, affects, and contradictions of Indian creative economy policy, it presents shifting discursive and political histories. Rather than focusing on capital-rich cultural production, it makes a case for attending to unrecognized creativity within activist performance whilst analyzing the latter’s messy collaborations with hegemonic regimes of creativity. Outlines the book’s organization: Part 1 historically and spatially locates a global discursive regime in India, Ahmedabad, and Delhi; Parts 2 and 3 are ethnographies of the two troupes.
Per Pinstrup-Andersen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198718574
- eISBN:
- 9780191788017
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718574.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
How do governments respond to abrupt food price changes and why do they respond as they do? Answers to these two questions are important to help us understand policy-making, to predict how policy ...
More
How do governments respond to abrupt food price changes and why do they respond as they do? Answers to these two questions are important to help us understand policy-making, to predict how policy makers are likely to respond to future food price volatility and to support policy makers as they confront such volatility. Food price volatility since 2007 provides a natural experiment for the research. While much has been written about the nature, content and causes of food price fluctuations, little is known about the political processes that led to the policy responses and the relative power, behaviour, and influence of the participating stakeholder groups. Understanding how and why governments responded as they did will help enhance existing knowledge of the political economy of food price policy and assist governments in their policy-making in the future.Less
How do governments respond to abrupt food price changes and why do they respond as they do? Answers to these two questions are important to help us understand policy-making, to predict how policy makers are likely to respond to future food price volatility and to support policy makers as they confront such volatility. Food price volatility since 2007 provides a natural experiment for the research. While much has been written about the nature, content and causes of food price fluctuations, little is known about the political processes that led to the policy responses and the relative power, behaviour, and influence of the participating stakeholder groups. Understanding how and why governments responded as they did will help enhance existing knowledge of the political economy of food price policy and assist governments in their policy-making in the future.
Dia Da Costa
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040603
- eISBN:
- 9780252099045
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040603.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter historically locates the creative economy global discursive regime in the Indian context whilst challenging the presumed newness of creative economy policy. Tracing Indian policy debates ...
More
This chapter historically locates the creative economy global discursive regime in the Indian context whilst challenging the presumed newness of creative economy policy. Tracing Indian policy debates over culture and development since the 1950s, it demystifies the seeming contradictions between disjuncture and continuity in policy by considering the sentiments deployed in India’s planning process. India’s political economic transition from development nationalism to neoliberal capitalism is accompanied by a shift from sentimental nationalism and its pity for artisanal victims of planned industrialization in the 1950s toward sentimental capitalism and its optimism about the poor’s artistic entrepreneurialism in the new millennium. Hindu culturalisms and neoliberal commodification combine to sell pride and optimism as means of reinventing Indian heritage—lending a global discourse traction.Less
This chapter historically locates the creative economy global discursive regime in the Indian context whilst challenging the presumed newness of creative economy policy. Tracing Indian policy debates over culture and development since the 1950s, it demystifies the seeming contradictions between disjuncture and continuity in policy by considering the sentiments deployed in India’s planning process. India’s political economic transition from development nationalism to neoliberal capitalism is accompanied by a shift from sentimental nationalism and its pity for artisanal victims of planned industrialization in the 1950s toward sentimental capitalism and its optimism about the poor’s artistic entrepreneurialism in the new millennium. Hindu culturalisms and neoliberal commodification combine to sell pride and optimism as means of reinventing Indian heritage—lending a global discourse traction.
Gordon C. Rausser and Harry de Gorter
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198718574
- eISBN:
- 9780191788017
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718574.003.0020
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Since 2006, global prices and price volatility for foodgrain commodities have spiked frequently and dramatically, with heaviest economic and social impact on developing nations where agriculture ...
More
Since 2006, global prices and price volatility for foodgrain commodities have spiked frequently and dramatically, with heaviest economic and social impact on developing nations where agriculture accounts for a sizable portion of economic activity. The chapter demonstrates how US public policies have contributed to these spikes. We first assess the impacts of US agricultural and macroeconomic policies on basic food commodity markets and their spillover effects on world markets prior to 2006. It then focuses on new causal mechanisms that have emerged since 2006, sourced with energy and environmental policies. The chapter also analyses the political economy of US biofuel policies, the changing US political landscape. The chapter demonstrates that the ‘iron triangle’ that once influenced governmental intervention in programme commodity markets has expanded into an ‘iron maze’ of environmental, energy, and agricultural organized interest groups.Less
Since 2006, global prices and price volatility for foodgrain commodities have spiked frequently and dramatically, with heaviest economic and social impact on developing nations where agriculture accounts for a sizable portion of economic activity. The chapter demonstrates how US public policies have contributed to these spikes. We first assess the impacts of US agricultural and macroeconomic policies on basic food commodity markets and their spillover effects on world markets prior to 2006. It then focuses on new causal mechanisms that have emerged since 2006, sourced with energy and environmental policies. The chapter also analyses the political economy of US biofuel policies, the changing US political landscape. The chapter demonstrates that the ‘iron triangle’ that once influenced governmental intervention in programme commodity markets has expanded into an ‘iron maze’ of environmental, energy, and agricultural organized interest groups.
Chris Miller
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469640662
- eISBN:
- 9781469640679
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469640662.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
When Vladimir Putin first took power in 1999, he was a little-known figure ruling a country that was reeling from a decade and a half of crisis. In the years since, he has reestablished Russia as a ...
More
When Vladimir Putin first took power in 1999, he was a little-known figure ruling a country that was reeling from a decade and a half of crisis. In the years since, he has reestablished Russia as a great power. How did he do it? What principles have guided Putin's economic policies? What patterns can be discerned? In this new analysis of Putin's Russia, Chris Miller examines its economic policy and the tools Russia's elite have used to achieve its goals. Miller argues that despite Russia's corruption, cronyism, and overdependence on oil as an economic driver, Putin's economic strategy has been surprisingly successful. Explaining the economic policies that underwrote Putin's two-decades-long rule, Miller shows how, at every juncture, Putinomics has served Putin's needs by guaranteeing economic stability and supporting his accumulation of power. Even in the face of Western financial sanctions and low oil prices, Putin has never been more relevant on the world stage.
Less
When Vladimir Putin first took power in 1999, he was a little-known figure ruling a country that was reeling from a decade and a half of crisis. In the years since, he has reestablished Russia as a great power. How did he do it? What principles have guided Putin's economic policies? What patterns can be discerned? In this new analysis of Putin's Russia, Chris Miller examines its economic policy and the tools Russia's elite have used to achieve its goals. Miller argues that despite Russia's corruption, cronyism, and overdependence on oil as an economic driver, Putin's economic strategy has been surprisingly successful. Explaining the economic policies that underwrote Putin's two-decades-long rule, Miller shows how, at every juncture, Putinomics has served Putin's needs by guaranteeing economic stability and supporting his accumulation of power. Even in the face of Western financial sanctions and low oil prices, Putin has never been more relevant on the world stage.
William W. Lewis
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226476766
- eISBN:
- 9780226477008
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226477008.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter presents an analysis of the Brazilian economy. Brazil is one of the richest of the low-income countries, yet so much poorer than the advanced countries. This is evidenced by the vast ...
More
This chapter presents an analysis of the Brazilian economy. Brazil is one of the richest of the low-income countries, yet so much poorer than the advanced countries. This is evidenced by the vast settlements (favelas) of cardboard, paper, cloth, and canvas shelters on the outskirts of the big Brazilian cities, and especially São Paulo and Rio. The favelas suggest that the people living in them have a different kind of economic life. They are living outside the legal framework of their country. They are unregistered as workers, they pay no taxes, the enterprises in which they work don't look like anything seen anymore in the rich countries, and their productivity is on average about 15 percent of the average productivity in the United States. The chapter argues that Brazil ought to be doing better economically than it is. The country suffers a huge legacy from bad economic policy. Brazil has protected its domestic industries, protected foreign direct investment, merrily indulged in hyperinflation, let the government own and run a large part of its economy, and kept a fixed exchange rate too long.Less
This chapter presents an analysis of the Brazilian economy. Brazil is one of the richest of the low-income countries, yet so much poorer than the advanced countries. This is evidenced by the vast settlements (favelas) of cardboard, paper, cloth, and canvas shelters on the outskirts of the big Brazilian cities, and especially São Paulo and Rio. The favelas suggest that the people living in them have a different kind of economic life. They are living outside the legal framework of their country. They are unregistered as workers, they pay no taxes, the enterprises in which they work don't look like anything seen anymore in the rich countries, and their productivity is on average about 15 percent of the average productivity in the United States. The chapter argues that Brazil ought to be doing better economically than it is. The country suffers a huge legacy from bad economic policy. Brazil has protected its domestic industries, protected foreign direct investment, merrily indulged in hyperinflation, let the government own and run a large part of its economy, and kept a fixed exchange rate too long.
Fran Baum
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190258948
- eISBN:
- 9780190258979
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190258948.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Governing for Health makes the argument that it is vital that governments and international agencies govern in the interests of protecting the environment and promoting human health and equity. A ...
More
Governing for Health makes the argument that it is vital that governments and international agencies govern in the interests of protecting the environment and promoting human health and equity. A healthy society results from the organized efforts of every sector in society to promote health in all activities. The book examines how this can be done in the fiscal, health service, education, urban planning, environment, and local government sectors. It also promotes the crucial role of civil society in advocating for the health of people and the environment. The importance of the work of each sector to health is described, and the ways in which that work can be made more health promoting are examined. Each chapter contains practical examples of changes that can be made if governing for health is privileged. A key message of the book is that in the last decades economic considerations have come to dominate public decision-making so that governing for profit has been the single-minded aim of governments. The book argues passionately that new priorities are required that see all sectors governing for the needs of people and the environment rather than for short-term profits. The book also contains a chapter directed to politicians, suggesting a manifesto for well-being. It concludes by distilling the messages of the book into six central messages for governing for health, and ends with a plea that hope and courage should dominate decision-making.Less
Governing for Health makes the argument that it is vital that governments and international agencies govern in the interests of protecting the environment and promoting human health and equity. A healthy society results from the organized efforts of every sector in society to promote health in all activities. The book examines how this can be done in the fiscal, health service, education, urban planning, environment, and local government sectors. It also promotes the crucial role of civil society in advocating for the health of people and the environment. The importance of the work of each sector to health is described, and the ways in which that work can be made more health promoting are examined. Each chapter contains practical examples of changes that can be made if governing for health is privileged. A key message of the book is that in the last decades economic considerations have come to dominate public decision-making so that governing for profit has been the single-minded aim of governments. The book argues passionately that new priorities are required that see all sectors governing for the needs of people and the environment rather than for short-term profits. The book also contains a chapter directed to politicians, suggesting a manifesto for well-being. It concludes by distilling the messages of the book into six central messages for governing for health, and ends with a plea that hope and courage should dominate decision-making.
David Jones
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719078804
- eISBN:
- 9781781707944
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719078804.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Graziers, Land Reform and Political Conflict in Ireland provides an analysis of large grazing farmers (commonly called graziers or ranchers) in nineteenth and early twentieth century Ireland. The ...
More
Graziers, Land Reform and Political Conflict in Ireland provides an analysis of large grazing farmers (commonly called graziers or ranchers) in nineteenth and early twentieth century Ireland. The book examines their origins, characteristics, and important but controversial role in Irish society, which led to conflict with the surrounding peasantry (what may be termed the ranching question). The first part of the chapter considers the themes of the book, the sources used and the influences in writing it. It also draws points of comparison with two other scholarly works which focused on the graziers. The second part considers what additional themes and perspectives would be adopted if the study was to be done again.Less
Graziers, Land Reform and Political Conflict in Ireland provides an analysis of large grazing farmers (commonly called graziers or ranchers) in nineteenth and early twentieth century Ireland. The book examines their origins, characteristics, and important but controversial role in Irish society, which led to conflict with the surrounding peasantry (what may be termed the ranching question). The first part of the chapter considers the themes of the book, the sources used and the influences in writing it. It also draws points of comparison with two other scholarly works which focused on the graziers. The second part considers what additional themes and perspectives would be adopted if the study was to be done again.
