David McKay
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198296775
- eISBN:
- 9780191685279
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198296775.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This book examines the decision to adopt European Monetary Union (EMU) as a federal bargain by the European Union, designed to provide the countries of Europe with a bulwark against the volatility of ...
More
This book examines the decision to adopt European Monetary Union (EMU) as a federal bargain by the European Union, designed to provide the countries of Europe with a bulwark against the volatility of the international economy. Although the precise motives of the participants varied from country to country, all were agreed that only federal-like political and economic arrangements would provide a guarantee of economic and political stability. The book provides a coherent theoretical framework for understanding the decisions taken at Maastricht and later. By making comparisons with other federations, the book also examines the political and economic conditions under which federations succeed or fail. It concludes that EMU will only be politically sustainable if novel ways are found to limit centrally imposed fiscal and spending policies.Less
This book examines the decision to adopt European Monetary Union (EMU) as a federal bargain by the European Union, designed to provide the countries of Europe with a bulwark against the volatility of the international economy. Although the precise motives of the participants varied from country to country, all were agreed that only federal-like political and economic arrangements would provide a guarantee of economic and political stability. The book provides a coherent theoretical framework for understanding the decisions taken at Maastricht and later. By making comparisons with other federations, the book also examines the political and economic conditions under which federations succeed or fail. It concludes that EMU will only be politically sustainable if novel ways are found to limit centrally imposed fiscal and spending policies.
Barry Eichengreen
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195101133
- eISBN:
- 9780199869626
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195101138.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
The gold standard is conventionally portrayed as synonymous with financial stability, and its downfall, starting in 1929, is implicated in the global financial crisis and the worldwide depression. A ...
More
The gold standard is conventionally portrayed as synonymous with financial stability, and its downfall, starting in 1929, is implicated in the global financial crisis and the worldwide depression. A central message of this book is that precisely the opposite was true: far from being synonymous with stability, the gold standard itself was the principal threat to financial stability and economic prosperity between the World Wars I and II. To understand why, it is necessary first to appreciate why the interwar gold standard worked so poorly when its prewar predecessor had worked so well, next, to identify the connections between the gold standard and the Great Depression, and finally, to show that the removal of the gold standard in the 1930s established the preconditions for recovery from the Depression. These are the three tasks undertaken in the book (which is arranged chronologically), and they are summarized in the sections of this introductory chapter.Less
The gold standard is conventionally portrayed as synonymous with financial stability, and its downfall, starting in 1929, is implicated in the global financial crisis and the worldwide depression. A central message of this book is that precisely the opposite was true: far from being synonymous with stability, the gold standard itself was the principal threat to financial stability and economic prosperity between the World Wars I and II. To understand why, it is necessary first to appreciate why the interwar gold standard worked so poorly when its prewar predecessor had worked so well, next, to identify the connections between the gold standard and the Great Depression, and finally, to show that the removal of the gold standard in the 1930s established the preconditions for recovery from the Depression. These are the three tasks undertaken in the book (which is arranged chronologically), and they are summarized in the sections of this introductory chapter.
Barry Eichengreen
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195101133
- eISBN:
- 9780199869626
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195101138.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
The gold standard and the Great Depression might appear to be two very different topics requiring two entirely separate books, and the attempt to combine them here reflects Barry Eichengreen's ...
More
The gold standard and the Great Depression might appear to be two very different topics requiring two entirely separate books, and the attempt to combine them here reflects Barry Eichengreen's conviction that the gold standard is the key to understanding the Depression. The gold standard of the 1920s set the stage for the Depression of the 1930s by heightening the fragility of the international financial system, and was the mechanism that transmitted the destabilizing impulse from the USA to the rest of the world and magnified that initial destabilizing shock; it was the principal obstacle to offsetting action, and the binding constraint preventing policymakers from averting the failure of banks and containing the spread of financial panic. For all these reasons, the international gold standard was a central factor in the worldwide Depression; recovery proved possible, for these same reasons, only after abandoning the gold standard. The gold standard also existed in the nineteenth century, of course, without exercising such debilitating effects – the explanation for the contrast lies in the disintegration during and after World War I of the political and economic foundations of the prewar gold standard system. The dual bases for the prewar system were the credibility of the official commitment to gold and international cooperation: the credibility induced financial capital to flow in stabilizing directions, buttressing economic stability; the cooperation signaled that support for the gold standard in times of crisis transcended the resources any one country could bring to bear. Both were eroded by the economic and political consequences of the Great War, and the decline in credibility rendered cooperation all the more vital – when it was not forthcoming, economic crisis was inevitable. The decline in both credibility and cooperation during and after World War I reflected a complex confluence of domestic and international political changes, and economic and intellectual changes. This book attempts to fit all these elements together into a coherent portrait of economic policy and performance between the wars. The goal is to show how the policies pursued, in conjunction with economic imbalances created by World War I, gave rise to the catastrophe that was the Great Depression. The argument is that the gold standard fundamentally constrained economic policies, and that it was largely responsible for creating the unstable economic environment on which the policies acted.Less
The gold standard and the Great Depression might appear to be two very different topics requiring two entirely separate books, and the attempt to combine them here reflects Barry Eichengreen's conviction that the gold standard is the key to understanding the Depression. The gold standard of the 1920s set the stage for the Depression of the 1930s by heightening the fragility of the international financial system, and was the mechanism that transmitted the destabilizing impulse from the USA to the rest of the world and magnified that initial destabilizing shock; it was the principal obstacle to offsetting action, and the binding constraint preventing policymakers from averting the failure of banks and containing the spread of financial panic. For all these reasons, the international gold standard was a central factor in the worldwide Depression; recovery proved possible, for these same reasons, only after abandoning the gold standard. The gold standard also existed in the nineteenth century, of course, without exercising such debilitating effects – the explanation for the contrast lies in the disintegration during and after World War I of the political and economic foundations of the prewar gold standard system. The dual bases for the prewar system were the credibility of the official commitment to gold and international cooperation: the credibility induced financial capital to flow in stabilizing directions, buttressing economic stability; the cooperation signaled that support for the gold standard in times of crisis transcended the resources any one country could bring to bear. Both were eroded by the economic and political consequences of the Great War, and the decline in credibility rendered cooperation all the more vital – when it was not forthcoming, economic crisis was inevitable. The decline in both credibility and cooperation during and after World War I reflected a complex confluence of domestic and international political changes, and economic and intellectual changes. This book attempts to fit all these elements together into a coherent portrait of economic policy and performance between the wars. The goal is to show how the policies pursued, in conjunction with economic imbalances created by World War I, gave rise to the catastrophe that was the Great Depression. The argument is that the gold standard fundamentally constrained economic policies, and that it was largely responsible for creating the unstable economic environment on which the policies acted.
Gordon L. Clark
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- August 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199261765
- eISBN:
- 9780191601248
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199261768.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter examines the policy directions of pension reform in the EU. Discussions taking place at the European level propose incremental changes rather than radical reform, with attempts being ...
More
This chapter examines the policy directions of pension reform in the EU. Discussions taking place at the European level propose incremental changes rather than radical reform, with attempts being made to reconcile apparently contradictory objectives (collective solidarity and market forces). This in turn, touches on the close link between the problem of pensions and employment strategies.Less
This chapter examines the policy directions of pension reform in the EU. Discussions taking place at the European level propose incremental changes rather than radical reform, with attempts being made to reconcile apparently contradictory objectives (collective solidarity and market forces). This in turn, touches on the close link between the problem of pensions and employment strategies.
Claus D. Zimmerman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199680740
- eISBN:
- 9780191760686
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199680740.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Company and Commercial Law
This chapter examines a phenomenon which it seems appropriate to refer to as the increasing regionalization of monetary sovereignty, ie the joint exercise of monetary sovereignty in a monetary union ...
More
This chapter examines a phenomenon which it seems appropriate to refer to as the increasing regionalization of monetary sovereignty, ie the joint exercise of monetary sovereignty in a monetary union under the special form of cooperative sovereignty. Since the onset of economic globalization in the 1960s, a large number of states around the world have sought increasingly strong economic integration and have embarked on paths towards creating monetary unions, eventually adopting a common currency, and thereby renouncing their right to conduct independent monetary policies. After considering the economic rationale and key legal characteristics of the increasing regionalization of monetary sovereignty around the globe, this chapter looks into the adaptation of the European Union’s legal framework to the increasing impact of domestic economic and fiscal policies on regional economic stability and analyses several overarching legal and conceptual challenges exposed by the ongoing European sovereign debt crisis.Less
This chapter examines a phenomenon which it seems appropriate to refer to as the increasing regionalization of monetary sovereignty, ie the joint exercise of monetary sovereignty in a monetary union under the special form of cooperative sovereignty. Since the onset of economic globalization in the 1960s, a large number of states around the world have sought increasingly strong economic integration and have embarked on paths towards creating monetary unions, eventually adopting a common currency, and thereby renouncing their right to conduct independent monetary policies. After considering the economic rationale and key legal characteristics of the increasing regionalization of monetary sovereignty around the globe, this chapter looks into the adaptation of the European Union’s legal framework to the increasing impact of domestic economic and fiscal policies on regional economic stability and analyses several overarching legal and conceptual challenges exposed by the ongoing European sovereign debt crisis.
Anthony P. Maingot
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813061061
- eISBN:
- 9780813051345
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813061061.003.0011
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
Barbados has long been severely criticized––or ignored––because of its adherence to British political and cultural traditions. Much of this censure and neglect was a result of its having had the most ...
More
Barbados has long been severely criticized––or ignored––because of its adherence to British political and cultural traditions. Much of this censure and neglect was a result of its having had the most racially segregated social relations among the Caribbean nations. Paradoxically, the island has evolved to have the best educated populace and the most politically stable and economically open of societies in the Caribbean. The growth of a black business bourgeoisie is one of the paramount features of the island’s modernization.Less
Barbados has long been severely criticized––or ignored––because of its adherence to British political and cultural traditions. Much of this censure and neglect was a result of its having had the most racially segregated social relations among the Caribbean nations. Paradoxically, the island has evolved to have the best educated populace and the most politically stable and economically open of societies in the Caribbean. The growth of a black business bourgeoisie is one of the paramount features of the island’s modernization.
Jan Kregel
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231157643
- eISBN:
- 9780231527279
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231157643.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter examines the economic rationale for the proposals made by the United Nations Commission of Experts on Reform of the International Monetary and Financial System. The independent ...
More
This chapter examines the economic rationale for the proposals made by the United Nations Commission of Experts on Reform of the International Monetary and Financial System. The independent commission was created to analyze the causes of the global financial crisis and to suggest adequate responses to reform financial markets, with the goal of restoring global economic stability. Taking into account the failures of both macroeconomic and financial regulations leading to the crisis as well as challenges of international economic governance and systemic reforms, the commission proposed measures that are not only concerned with macro-financial reforms for greater financial risk mitigation and monetary stability, but also with creating the conditions for more equitable and sustainable development in light of contemporary conditions. One of the commission's recommendations calls for the creation of a new credit facility to provide funding for stimulus packages in developing countries. Another is the establishment of a Global Economic Coordination Council (GECC) to provide a democratically representative alternative to the Group of 20 (G20).Less
This chapter examines the economic rationale for the proposals made by the United Nations Commission of Experts on Reform of the International Monetary and Financial System. The independent commission was created to analyze the causes of the global financial crisis and to suggest adequate responses to reform financial markets, with the goal of restoring global economic stability. Taking into account the failures of both macroeconomic and financial regulations leading to the crisis as well as challenges of international economic governance and systemic reforms, the commission proposed measures that are not only concerned with macro-financial reforms for greater financial risk mitigation and monetary stability, but also with creating the conditions for more equitable and sustainable development in light of contemporary conditions. One of the commission's recommendations calls for the creation of a new credit facility to provide funding for stimulus packages in developing countries. Another is the establishment of a Global Economic Coordination Council (GECC) to provide a democratically representative alternative to the Group of 20 (G20).
Linda Allegro and Andrew Grant Wood (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037665
- eISBN:
- 9780252094927
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037665.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
Responding to inaccuracies concerning Latino immigrants in the United States as well as an anti-immigrant strain in the American psyche, this book examines the movement of the Latin American labor ...
More
Responding to inaccuracies concerning Latino immigrants in the United States as well as an anti-immigrant strain in the American psyche, this book examines the movement of the Latin American labor force to the central states of Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Arkansas, Missouri, and Iowa. Chapters look at the outside factors that affect migration including corporate agriculture, technology, globalization, and government, as well as factors that have attracted Latin Americans to the Heartland including religion, strong family values, hard work, farming, and cowboy culture. Several chapters also point to hostile neoliberal policy reforms that have made it difficult for Latino Americans to find social and economic stability. The book seeks to reveal the many ways in which identities, economies, and geographies are changing as Latin Americans adjust to their new homes, jobs, and communities.Less
Responding to inaccuracies concerning Latino immigrants in the United States as well as an anti-immigrant strain in the American psyche, this book examines the movement of the Latin American labor force to the central states of Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Arkansas, Missouri, and Iowa. Chapters look at the outside factors that affect migration including corporate agriculture, technology, globalization, and government, as well as factors that have attracted Latin Americans to the Heartland including religion, strong family values, hard work, farming, and cowboy culture. Several chapters also point to hostile neoliberal policy reforms that have made it difficult for Latino Americans to find social and economic stability. The book seeks to reveal the many ways in which identities, economies, and geographies are changing as Latin Americans adjust to their new homes, jobs, and communities.
Yanek Mieczkowski
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813123493
- eISBN:
- 9780813134956
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813123493.003.0020
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study on the challenges faced by former U.S. President Gerald Ford during the 1970s. The 1970s was no ordinary era and Ford led a country that ...
More
This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study on the challenges faced by former U.S. President Gerald Ford during the 1970s. The 1970s was no ordinary era and Ford led a country that trembled on the cusp of ominous changes and where cynicism and distrust permeated politics. Despite various criticisms against him, Ford ameliorated the decade's problems. He restored economic stability, revived his Republican Party, and reduced inflation and unemployment rates.Less
This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study on the challenges faced by former U.S. President Gerald Ford during the 1970s. The 1970s was no ordinary era and Ford led a country that trembled on the cusp of ominous changes and where cynicism and distrust permeated politics. Despite various criticisms against him, Ford ameliorated the decade's problems. He restored economic stability, revived his Republican Party, and reduced inflation and unemployment rates.
Craig Calhoun and Georgi Derluguian (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814772805
- eISBN:
- 9780814723562
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814772805.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
Response to financial meltdown is entangled with basic challenges to global governance. Environment, global security and ethnicity and nationalism are all global issues today. Focusing on the ...
More
Response to financial meltdown is entangled with basic challenges to global governance. Environment, global security and ethnicity and nationalism are all global issues today. Focusing on the political and social dimensions of the crisis, this book examines changes in relationships between the world's richer and poorer countries, efforts to strengthen global institutions, and difficulties facing states trying to create stability for their citizens. This is the second part of a trilogy comprised of the first three books in the Possible Future series.Less
Response to financial meltdown is entangled with basic challenges to global governance. Environment, global security and ethnicity and nationalism are all global issues today. Focusing on the political and social dimensions of the crisis, this book examines changes in relationships between the world's richer and poorer countries, efforts to strengthen global institutions, and difficulties facing states trying to create stability for their citizens. This is the second part of a trilogy comprised of the first three books in the Possible Future series.
Clifford Ando
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520220676
- eISBN:
- 9780520923720
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520220676.003.0003
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
This chapter evaluates the achievements of the Roman Empire in ancient thought. It suggests that the nature of Roman achievements in ancient and modern thought has been indissolubly linked with ...
More
This chapter evaluates the achievements of the Roman Empire in ancient thought. It suggests that the nature of Roman achievements in ancient and modern thought has been indissolubly linked with investigations of Roman influence, particularly its success in spreading the Roman lifestyle to its provinces. It cites evidence that populations around the empire recognized and appreciated the political and economic stability with which the imperial government endowed daily life and these people tended to view Romans' exercise of coercive force as legitimate and to concede Rome the right to impose a particular jural-political order.Less
This chapter evaluates the achievements of the Roman Empire in ancient thought. It suggests that the nature of Roman achievements in ancient and modern thought has been indissolubly linked with investigations of Roman influence, particularly its success in spreading the Roman lifestyle to its provinces. It cites evidence that populations around the empire recognized and appreciated the political and economic stability with which the imperial government endowed daily life and these people tended to view Romans' exercise of coercive force as legitimate and to concede Rome the right to impose a particular jural-political order.
Assefa Admassie
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198718574
- eISBN:
- 9780191788017
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718574.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Food prices increased significantly in 2007–8 in Ethiopia due to several supply- and demand-side factors. The Ethiopian government released emergency food grain reserves, imported and distributed ...
More
Food prices increased significantly in 2007–8 in Ethiopia due to several supply- and demand-side factors. The Ethiopian government released emergency food grain reserves, imported and distributed wheat at subsidized price, banned the export of staple cereals, and removed value added and turnover taxes on food items. It also increased the reserve requirement of commercial banks and reduced domestic borrowing by public enterprises. These measures were mostly initiated by the government and the role of interest groups as well as local and international actors has been limited. These measures were taken to prevent potential social unrest and maintain macro-economic stability. A combination of factors including export bans, structural and cyclical factors, and developments in international markets have been cited as the main causes of the price increase.Less
Food prices increased significantly in 2007–8 in Ethiopia due to several supply- and demand-side factors. The Ethiopian government released emergency food grain reserves, imported and distributed wheat at subsidized price, banned the export of staple cereals, and removed value added and turnover taxes on food items. It also increased the reserve requirement of commercial banks and reduced domestic borrowing by public enterprises. These measures were mostly initiated by the government and the role of interest groups as well as local and international actors has been limited. These measures were taken to prevent potential social unrest and maintain macro-economic stability. A combination of factors including export bans, structural and cyclical factors, and developments in international markets have been cited as the main causes of the price increase.
Elizabeth Borgwardt
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- March 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780190695668
- eISBN:
- 9780190093143
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190695668.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Political History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter assesses President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the New Deal. By 1941, FDR and his key advisers were distilling some hard-won wisdom from their trial-and-error approaches in devising ...
More
This chapter assesses President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the New Deal. By 1941, FDR and his key advisers were distilling some hard-won wisdom from their trial-and-error approaches in devising what had become known as the New Deal, and applying them to the world's burgeoning international crises. The key, for Roosevelt, was a New Deal–inspired set of ideas and institutions that animated a capacious reframing of the national interest. Internationalizing the New Deal meant reconfiguring the playing field of world politics in three broad, institutional realms: collective security, economic stability, and rule of law institutions. These three institutional pillars are usually what contemporary international relations specialists mean when they refer to “the postwar international order.” What made this institutionally focused scaffolding into “grand strategy” was the way any resulting improvement to the functioning of the international order was dependent on negotiation and diplomacy.Less
This chapter assesses President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the New Deal. By 1941, FDR and his key advisers were distilling some hard-won wisdom from their trial-and-error approaches in devising what had become known as the New Deal, and applying them to the world's burgeoning international crises. The key, for Roosevelt, was a New Deal–inspired set of ideas and institutions that animated a capacious reframing of the national interest. Internationalizing the New Deal meant reconfiguring the playing field of world politics in three broad, institutional realms: collective security, economic stability, and rule of law institutions. These three institutional pillars are usually what contemporary international relations specialists mean when they refer to “the postwar international order.” What made this institutionally focused scaffolding into “grand strategy” was the way any resulting improvement to the functioning of the international order was dependent on negotiation and diplomacy.
Shahiraa Sahul Hameed
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262113120
- eISBN:
- 9780262276818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262113120.003.0021
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
This chapter focuses on understanding the effects of mobile phones with respect to Singaporean society, using a sociologic perspective. It presents the impact on culture of the way mobile technology ...
More
This chapter focuses on understanding the effects of mobile phones with respect to Singaporean society, using a sociologic perspective. It presents the impact on culture of the way mobile technology is used in Singapore along with the important role teenagers play in bringing the mobile technology in sync with their culture. However, the negative impact of excessive reliance of teenagers on mobile phones is also highlighted. The chapter discusses the use of information and communication technologies, including mobile phones, by the country’s religious leaders to spread their teachings. It also explores mobile phone antisocial uses that are seen as a threat to the political and economic stability of the country.Less
This chapter focuses on understanding the effects of mobile phones with respect to Singaporean society, using a sociologic perspective. It presents the impact on culture of the way mobile technology is used in Singapore along with the important role teenagers play in bringing the mobile technology in sync with their culture. However, the negative impact of excessive reliance of teenagers on mobile phones is also highlighted. The chapter discusses the use of information and communication technologies, including mobile phones, by the country’s religious leaders to spread their teachings. It also explores mobile phone antisocial uses that are seen as a threat to the political and economic stability of the country.
Raquel L. de Souza
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037900
- eISBN:
- 9780252095160
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037900.003.0009
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
This chapter details the resistance of Chica da Silva. Chica was an enslaved woman born in eighteenth-century Brazil who obtained manumission and socioeconomic ascendance through her involvement with ...
More
This chapter details the resistance of Chica da Silva. Chica was an enslaved woman born in eighteenth-century Brazil who obtained manumission and socioeconomic ascendance through her involvement with a very wealthy Portuguese man who was sent to the interior of the State of Minas Gerais to oversee the exploration of diamond mines. Chica guaranteed her survival and the well-being of her offspring through her association with the diamond contractor. Faced with few alternatives for economic stability, her association with a “benefactor” might still be interpreted as a choice to commodify her body. However, Chica's resistance to subjugation warrants a more complex assessment.Less
This chapter details the resistance of Chica da Silva. Chica was an enslaved woman born in eighteenth-century Brazil who obtained manumission and socioeconomic ascendance through her involvement with a very wealthy Portuguese man who was sent to the interior of the State of Minas Gerais to oversee the exploration of diamond mines. Chica guaranteed her survival and the well-being of her offspring through her association with the diamond contractor. Faced with few alternatives for economic stability, her association with a “benefactor” might still be interpreted as a choice to commodify her body. However, Chica's resistance to subjugation warrants a more complex assessment.
Calestous Juma
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780190237233
- eISBN:
- 9780190237264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190237233.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy, International Relations and Politics
African leaders have the unique opportunity to use the agricultural system as a driver for their economies and a source of pride and sustainability for their populations. If the percentage of the ...
More
African leaders have the unique opportunity to use the agricultural system as a driver for their economies and a source of pride and sustainability for their populations. If the percentage of the population that practices subsistence agriculture could have access to methods of improving their agricultural techniques, increasing production, and gaining the ability to transform agriculture into an income-earning endeavor, African nations would benefit in terms of GDP, standard of living, infrastructure, and economic stability. This chapter focuses on how countries can develop systems—both formal and informal—to improve farmers’ skills and abilities to create livelihoods out of agriculture, rather than simply subsistence.Less
African leaders have the unique opportunity to use the agricultural system as a driver for their economies and a source of pride and sustainability for their populations. If the percentage of the population that practices subsistence agriculture could have access to methods of improving their agricultural techniques, increasing production, and gaining the ability to transform agriculture into an income-earning endeavor, African nations would benefit in terms of GDP, standard of living, infrastructure, and economic stability. This chapter focuses on how countries can develop systems—both formal and informal—to improve farmers’ skills and abilities to create livelihoods out of agriculture, rather than simply subsistence.
