Carl-Ulrik Schierup
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780198280521
- eISBN:
- 9780191603730
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198280521.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter discusses the emergence of downgraded and informal sectors of European labour markets staffed by socially marginal migrants and ethnic minorities. These parts of the economy and the ...
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This chapter discusses the emergence of downgraded and informal sectors of European labour markets staffed by socially marginal migrants and ethnic minorities. These parts of the economy and the labour market seem to represent a ‘pre-modern’ regression in terms of organization and management. Yet the processes through which this occurs are part and parcel of advanced capitalist strategies of deregulation for the enhancement of ‘flexibility’ in terms of a networked economy and society and a fragmented labour market. This point is illustrated by case studies of industrial restructuring from Britain, the Netherlands, Spain, and Portugal. These examples exhibit advanced corporate strategies heading the ongoing restructuring of the political economy and European societies, and reflect processes typical for different economic sectors. The cases also demonstrate the impact of the different national institutional contexts and welfare regimes in which these strategies of restructuring are embedded.Less
This chapter discusses the emergence of downgraded and informal sectors of European labour markets staffed by socially marginal migrants and ethnic minorities. These parts of the economy and the labour market seem to represent a ‘pre-modern’ regression in terms of organization and management. Yet the processes through which this occurs are part and parcel of advanced capitalist strategies of deregulation for the enhancement of ‘flexibility’ in terms of a networked economy and society and a fragmented labour market. This point is illustrated by case studies of industrial restructuring from Britain, the Netherlands, Spain, and Portugal. These examples exhibit advanced corporate strategies heading the ongoing restructuring of the political economy and European societies, and reflect processes typical for different economic sectors. The cases also demonstrate the impact of the different national institutional contexts and welfare regimes in which these strategies of restructuring are embedded.
Jacqui True
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197264911
- eISBN:
- 9780191754098
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264911.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The chapter examines the question of whether there is a relationship between women's poor access to productive resources such as land, property, income, employment, technology, credit, and education, ...
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The chapter examines the question of whether there is a relationship between women's poor access to productive resources such as land, property, income, employment, technology, credit, and education, and their likelihood of experiencing gender-based violence and abuse. It begins with a discussion of the feminist political economy method, which seeks to comprehend broader, global political-economic structures that underpin gender inequality and women's vulnerability to violence. It then illustrates with specific examples how the feminist political economy method might be used to analyse violence against women in four strategic sites: (i) neo-liberal economic restructuring and men's reaction to the loss of secure employment; (ii) economic destabilisation and transition; (iii) the growth of a sex trade around the creation of free trade zones; and (iv) the transnational migration of women workers.Less
The chapter examines the question of whether there is a relationship between women's poor access to productive resources such as land, property, income, employment, technology, credit, and education, and their likelihood of experiencing gender-based violence and abuse. It begins with a discussion of the feminist political economy method, which seeks to comprehend broader, global political-economic structures that underpin gender inequality and women's vulnerability to violence. It then illustrates with specific examples how the feminist political economy method might be used to analyse violence against women in four strategic sites: (i) neo-liberal economic restructuring and men's reaction to the loss of secure employment; (ii) economic destabilisation and transition; (iii) the growth of a sex trade around the creation of free trade zones; and (iv) the transnational migration of women workers.
Felix Abdala, Rosa N. Geldstein, and Soma M. Mychaszula
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198297413
- eISBN:
- 9780191685347
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198297413.003.0014
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Argentina experienced a number of economic crises during the last two decades, however, these crises were followed by transformations of its economy. These crises and transformations have clearly ...
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Argentina experienced a number of economic crises during the last two decades, however, these crises were followed by transformations of its economy. These crises and transformations have clearly affected the living standards of the different levels of its society and the labour employment. In Argentina, it was shown that a people who have fixed income have less risk of mortality compared to those who were not employed. Another observation was that females are more likely to die than males if socioeconomic indicators are included. Psychosocial stress is still attributed as one of the contributors in the mortality rate, but this time, in Argentina. Furthermore, it must be noted that in Buenos Aires there was a notable increase in divorce and separations which contributed to change in the economic function of a person, which in turn may affect mortality rate.Less
Argentina experienced a number of economic crises during the last two decades, however, these crises were followed by transformations of its economy. These crises and transformations have clearly affected the living standards of the different levels of its society and the labour employment. In Argentina, it was shown that a people who have fixed income have less risk of mortality compared to those who were not employed. Another observation was that females are more likely to die than males if socioeconomic indicators are included. Psychosocial stress is still attributed as one of the contributors in the mortality rate, but this time, in Argentina. Furthermore, it must be noted that in Buenos Aires there was a notable increase in divorce and separations which contributed to change in the economic function of a person, which in turn may affect mortality rate.
Charles S. Maier
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691169798
- eISBN:
- 9781400873708
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691169798.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter examines the problems encountered by France, Germany, and Italy as they each embarked on economic restructuring after World War I. A new bourgeois equilibrium seemed attainable in each ...
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This chapter examines the problems encountered by France, Germany, and Italy as they each embarked on economic restructuring after World War I. A new bourgeois equilibrium seemed attainable in each country during the period; it rested on a consensus that united elites and middle classes against militant working-class claims. Capitalism and bourgeois hierarchies proved more resilient than either defenders or attackers had assumed. Furthermore, the movement of restoration was wider than the three societies. Across the Atlantic, “red scare” and recession were ushering in the era of normalcy. The chapter considers the evolution of leftist objectives in France, Germany, and Italy that accompanied the transition from the turmoil of 1918–1919 to the bourgeois recovery of 1920–1921. It also discusses the strategies of bourgeois defense and the failure of socialization in the German coal industry.Less
This chapter examines the problems encountered by France, Germany, and Italy as they each embarked on economic restructuring after World War I. A new bourgeois equilibrium seemed attainable in each country during the period; it rested on a consensus that united elites and middle classes against militant working-class claims. Capitalism and bourgeois hierarchies proved more resilient than either defenders or attackers had assumed. Furthermore, the movement of restoration was wider than the three societies. Across the Atlantic, “red scare” and recession were ushering in the era of normalcy. The chapter considers the evolution of leftist objectives in France, Germany, and Italy that accompanied the transition from the turmoil of 1918–1919 to the bourgeois recovery of 1920–1921. It also discusses the strategies of bourgeois defense and the failure of socialization in the German coal industry.
George Galster, Ronald Mincy, and Mitch Tobin
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300095418
- eISBN:
- 9780300129847
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300095418.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
The economic restructuring of metropolitan areas has had disparate impacts on neighborhoods populated by minority groups. This chapter examines the impacts of the restructuring of the US economy in ...
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The economic restructuring of metropolitan areas has had disparate impacts on neighborhoods populated by minority groups. This chapter examines the impacts of the restructuring of the US economy in the 1980s and 1990s on metropolitan neighborhoods occupied by African Americans and compares this to white communities. It examines the determinants of changing poverty rates, the role played by economic restructuring, the disparate racial neighborhood impacts, and the causes of such impacts. The analysis shows that economic restructuring caused significant increases in poverty rates in black communities relative to predominant white communities.Less
The economic restructuring of metropolitan areas has had disparate impacts on neighborhoods populated by minority groups. This chapter examines the impacts of the restructuring of the US economy in the 1980s and 1990s on metropolitan neighborhoods occupied by African Americans and compares this to white communities. It examines the determinants of changing poverty rates, the role played by economic restructuring, the disparate racial neighborhood impacts, and the causes of such impacts. The analysis shows that economic restructuring caused significant increases in poverty rates in black communities relative to predominant white communities.
Micki McGee
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195171242
- eISBN:
- 9780199944088
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171242.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
Why doesn't self-help help? This book puts forward this paradoxical question as it looks at a world where the market for self-improvement products—books, audiotapes, and extreme makeovers—is ...
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Why doesn't self-help help? This book puts forward this paradoxical question as it looks at a world where the market for self-improvement products—books, audiotapes, and extreme makeovers—is exploding, and there seems to be no end in sight. Rather than seeing narcissism at the root of the self-help craze, as others have contended, the author shows a nation relying on self-help culture for advice on how to cope in an increasingly volatile and competitive work world. The book reveals how makeover culture traps Americans in endless cycles of self-invention and overwork as they struggle to stay ahead of a rapidly restructuring economic order. A lucid treatment of the modern obsession with work and self-improvement, it will strike a chord with its acute diagnosis of the self-help trap and its sharp suggestions for how we can address the alienating conditions of modern work and family life.Less
Why doesn't self-help help? This book puts forward this paradoxical question as it looks at a world where the market for self-improvement products—books, audiotapes, and extreme makeovers—is exploding, and there seems to be no end in sight. Rather than seeing narcissism at the root of the self-help craze, as others have contended, the author shows a nation relying on self-help culture for advice on how to cope in an increasingly volatile and competitive work world. The book reveals how makeover culture traps Americans in endless cycles of self-invention and overwork as they struggle to stay ahead of a rapidly restructuring economic order. A lucid treatment of the modern obsession with work and self-improvement, it will strike a chord with its acute diagnosis of the self-help trap and its sharp suggestions for how we can address the alienating conditions of modern work and family life.
Jean François Mayer
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781683400455
- eISBN:
- 9781683400677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9781683400455.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
Despite Mexico’s economic restructuring to a market-based model and its transition to democracy, two processes that should have yielded changes in labor legislation and the practice of labor ...
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Despite Mexico’s economic restructuring to a market-based model and its transition to democracy, two processes that should have yielded changes in labor legislation and the practice of labor relations, neither significant flexibilization of the labor code nor democratization of labor relations occurred between 1988 and 2012. Analysis of Mexico during this period indicates that this high degree of continuity is mainly attributable to the specific configuration taken by the country’s neoliberal economic model. This configuration generated a structure of incentives for political and labor elites to favor the persistence of non-democratic patterns of labor relations and to leave the country’s labor legislation essentially untouched.Less
Despite Mexico’s economic restructuring to a market-based model and its transition to democracy, two processes that should have yielded changes in labor legislation and the practice of labor relations, neither significant flexibilization of the labor code nor democratization of labor relations occurred between 1988 and 2012. Analysis of Mexico during this period indicates that this high degree of continuity is mainly attributable to the specific configuration taken by the country’s neoliberal economic model. This configuration generated a structure of incentives for political and labor elites to favor the persistence of non-democratic patterns of labor relations and to leave the country’s labor legislation essentially untouched.
Yung Chul Park
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199276776
- eISBN:
- 9780191603051
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199276773.003.0022
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
Reforming the old system, rather than adopting an Anglo-American model, is essential to make it better suited and more flexible in adjusting to the new realities of the region and the rest of the ...
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Reforming the old system, rather than adopting an Anglo-American model, is essential to make it better suited and more flexible in adjusting to the new realities of the region and the rest of the world. Although the Asian crisis provided a strong impetus for structural transformation, the internal and external developments that have slowed or impeded the reform process are examined.Less
Reforming the old system, rather than adopting an Anglo-American model, is essential to make it better suited and more flexible in adjusting to the new realities of the region and the rest of the world. Although the Asian crisis provided a strong impetus for structural transformation, the internal and external developments that have slowed or impeded the reform process are examined.
Philip Cooke and Kevin Morgan
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198290186
- eISBN:
- 9780191684784
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198290186.003.0009
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation, Political Economy
This chapter seeks both to chart the evolutionary processes of economic restructuring and change at the regional level and to offer the outline of a mode of civic, political, and economic action ...
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This chapter seeks both to chart the evolutionary processes of economic restructuring and change at the regional level and to offer the outline of a mode of civic, political, and economic action which is polarized by an emphasis neither on state nor market as the ultimate arbiter of economic fortunes. This chapter also attempts to tie together the master themes of the book in respect of evolutionary economic theorization, the centrality of innovation and interactive learning to industrial and institutional creativity, the importance of decentralized industrial and other public policies to regions in a globalizing economic context, and the importance of regions as economic bases for firms that are increasingly disposed towards agglomeration, externalization, and specialization.Less
This chapter seeks both to chart the evolutionary processes of economic restructuring and change at the regional level and to offer the outline of a mode of civic, political, and economic action which is polarized by an emphasis neither on state nor market as the ultimate arbiter of economic fortunes. This chapter also attempts to tie together the master themes of the book in respect of evolutionary economic theorization, the centrality of innovation and interactive learning to industrial and institutional creativity, the importance of decentralized industrial and other public policies to regions in a globalizing economic context, and the importance of regions as economic bases for firms that are increasingly disposed towards agglomeration, externalization, and specialization.
Souza Briggs
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262026413
- eISBN:
- 9780262269292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262026413.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This chapter examines three different perspectives on economic restructuring as a civic or public problem for local democracy. These models view economic restructuring as either a problem for ...
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This chapter examines three different perspectives on economic restructuring as a civic or public problem for local democracy. These models view economic restructuring as either a problem for government decision-makers, a problem of public–private partnership, or a problem of cultivating innovative ideas, perspectives which also help in identifying problems that need to be solved by public, private, and nongovernmental sectors in the process of restructuring. The barriers and decisions faced by different stakeholders while mobilizing resources for the transformation of a local economy are also discussed. The chapter emphasizes that partnerships and cooperative networks are needed for transforming a local economy, as the problems and challenges associated with this kind of economic restructuring are complex and serious.Less
This chapter examines three different perspectives on economic restructuring as a civic or public problem for local democracy. These models view economic restructuring as either a problem for government decision-makers, a problem of public–private partnership, or a problem of cultivating innovative ideas, perspectives which also help in identifying problems that need to be solved by public, private, and nongovernmental sectors in the process of restructuring. The barriers and decisions faced by different stakeholders while mobilizing resources for the transformation of a local economy are also discussed. The chapter emphasizes that partnerships and cooperative networks are needed for transforming a local economy, as the problems and challenges associated with this kind of economic restructuring are complex and serious.
Souza Briggs
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262026413
- eISBN:
- 9780262269292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262026413.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This chapter discusses the role of a political party, the Workers' Party, in creating an open society and economy in Brazil by using participatory democracy as a problem-solving tool. It also ...
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This chapter discusses the role of a political party, the Workers' Party, in creating an open society and economy in Brazil by using participatory democracy as a problem-solving tool. It also examines efforts of activists and entrepreneurial local governments in reviving and redirecting Brazil's industrial hub around São Paulo, known as the Greater ABC region. The Greater ABC case highlights the importance of public participation, transparent government, sustainable development, and practices of deliberation and democratic bargaining on the part of local government led by the Workers' Party. The chapter also emphasizes the use of civic capacity in economic restructuring in the region. The competitive challenges being faced by many developing countries, including Brazil, in a globalized economy and the importance of resource mobilization and institution-building in countering these challenges are also discussed.Less
This chapter discusses the role of a political party, the Workers' Party, in creating an open society and economy in Brazil by using participatory democracy as a problem-solving tool. It also examines efforts of activists and entrepreneurial local governments in reviving and redirecting Brazil's industrial hub around São Paulo, known as the Greater ABC region. The Greater ABC case highlights the importance of public participation, transparent government, sustainable development, and practices of deliberation and democratic bargaining on the part of local government led by the Workers' Party. The chapter also emphasizes the use of civic capacity in economic restructuring in the region. The competitive challenges being faced by many developing countries, including Brazil, in a globalized economy and the importance of resource mobilization and institution-building in countering these challenges are also discussed.
Souza Briggs
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262026413
- eISBN:
- 9780262269292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262026413.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This chapter examines barriers, opportunities, and choices encountered by actors during the economic restructuring in greater Pittsburgh, a major industrial American city, and also discusses the ...
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This chapter examines barriers, opportunities, and choices encountered by actors during the economic restructuring in greater Pittsburgh, a major industrial American city, and also discusses the efforts made by interest groups and organizations in the formation and implementation of an effective and widely supported agenda: Economic restructuring. It highlights the inadequacies of a public–private cooperation mechanism with an increase in the functional and spatial demands of restructuring toward the end of the twentieth century. An analysis of how the Allegheny Conference played an important role in cleaning up the environment, rebuilding downtown, and reorganizing land use is also presented.Less
This chapter examines barriers, opportunities, and choices encountered by actors during the economic restructuring in greater Pittsburgh, a major industrial American city, and also discusses the efforts made by interest groups and organizations in the formation and implementation of an effective and widely supported agenda: Economic restructuring. It highlights the inadequacies of a public–private cooperation mechanism with an increase in the functional and spatial demands of restructuring toward the end of the twentieth century. An analysis of how the Allegheny Conference played an important role in cleaning up the environment, rebuilding downtown, and reorganizing land use is also presented.
Allen J. Scott
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199549306
- eISBN:
- 9780191701511
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549306.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business, Political Economy
This chapter discusses how city-regions (enormous expanses of metropolitan areas, which are often focused on a central metropolis area) and world cities/global cities are produced, and how they ...
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This chapter discusses how city-regions (enormous expanses of metropolitan areas, which are often focused on a central metropolis area) and world cities/global cities are produced, and how they contribute to globalization and the regionalism of economies. It begins by explaining globalization and the emergence of regional centers, especially during the post-war years. It also explains how after much technological change and economic restructuring, these types of areas are formed. It describes how economic foundations are formed, and how these transformations in city living spread globally. It also reveals how political organizations are established in these city-regions.Less
This chapter discusses how city-regions (enormous expanses of metropolitan areas, which are often focused on a central metropolis area) and world cities/global cities are produced, and how they contribute to globalization and the regionalism of economies. It begins by explaining globalization and the emergence of regional centers, especially during the post-war years. It also explains how after much technological change and economic restructuring, these types of areas are formed. It describes how economic foundations are formed, and how these transformations in city living spread globally. It also reveals how political organizations are established in these city-regions.
Stephen Syrett and David North
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861348623
- eISBN:
- 9781447303213
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861348623.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This book addresses the economic development issues central to neighbourhood renewal. It analyses the economic nature of the problems of deprived neighbourhoods and the policy responses that have ...
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This book addresses the economic development issues central to neighbourhood renewal. It analyses the economic nature of the problems of deprived neighbourhoods and the policy responses that have developed in response to this within Britain. The analysis centres upon understanding contemporary economic change and the post-1997 period of the New Labour government, but it is also placed within a wider context of longer-term processes of economic restructuring and a history of policy intervention that dates back for well over 40 years. The book focuses on three elements that have dominated policy development and implementation in relation to tackling concentrated deprivation in recent years, i.e., work, enterprise and governance. The other major aspect that is associated with economic development of deprived areas — the physical redevelopment of such areas — is considered in relation to the wider policy agenda and the issues of work, enterprise and governance, but is not pursued as a separate theme.Less
This book addresses the economic development issues central to neighbourhood renewal. It analyses the economic nature of the problems of deprived neighbourhoods and the policy responses that have developed in response to this within Britain. The analysis centres upon understanding contemporary economic change and the post-1997 period of the New Labour government, but it is also placed within a wider context of longer-term processes of economic restructuring and a history of policy intervention that dates back for well over 40 years. The book focuses on three elements that have dominated policy development and implementation in relation to tackling concentrated deprivation in recent years, i.e., work, enterprise and governance. The other major aspect that is associated with economic development of deprived areas — the physical redevelopment of such areas — is considered in relation to the wider policy agenda and the issues of work, enterprise and governance, but is not pursued as a separate theme.
Yu Hong
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040917
- eISBN:
- 9780252099434
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040917.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This book examines the genesis, mechanisms, and dynamics of forging a network-based economy in China during the crisis and the restructuring act that followed. Through historical analysis of the ...
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This book examines the genesis, mechanisms, and dynamics of forging a network-based economy in China during the crisis and the restructuring act that followed. Through historical analysis of the entire range of communications, from telecommunications to broadband, from wireless networks to digital media, it explores how the state, entangled with market forces and class interests, constructs and realigns its digitalized sector. It argues that corporatization, networking, and investment within the state-dominated realm of communications intensified after the 2008 global economic crisis, to overcome the contradictions generated by the old investment-and-export dependent growth model, on the one hand, and to enhance China’s techno-economic capacities in the renewed global competition for command, on the other. Despite the qualitative changes it brought in communications, this strategy achieved limited results for economic restructuring, because the ensuing spending binges paid little attention to social needs. Ultimately, this book historicizes and theorizes China’s state-led model of digital capitalism, which contends, collaborates, and overlaps with the U.S.-dominated system of global digital capitalism. It reveals so-called cyber nationalism or networked nationalism as neither monolithic nor guaranteed but contingent upon specific political-economic relations. It also predicts the future: While China’s embrace of communications is likely to accelerate the country’s global rise, it is not going to be a simple rise to power but a continual effort to tamp down crises and manage contradictions.Less
This book examines the genesis, mechanisms, and dynamics of forging a network-based economy in China during the crisis and the restructuring act that followed. Through historical analysis of the entire range of communications, from telecommunications to broadband, from wireless networks to digital media, it explores how the state, entangled with market forces and class interests, constructs and realigns its digitalized sector. It argues that corporatization, networking, and investment within the state-dominated realm of communications intensified after the 2008 global economic crisis, to overcome the contradictions generated by the old investment-and-export dependent growth model, on the one hand, and to enhance China’s techno-economic capacities in the renewed global competition for command, on the other. Despite the qualitative changes it brought in communications, this strategy achieved limited results for economic restructuring, because the ensuing spending binges paid little attention to social needs. Ultimately, this book historicizes and theorizes China’s state-led model of digital capitalism, which contends, collaborates, and overlaps with the U.S.-dominated system of global digital capitalism. It reveals so-called cyber nationalism or networked nationalism as neither monolithic nor guaranteed but contingent upon specific political-economic relations. It also predicts the future: While China’s embrace of communications is likely to accelerate the country’s global rise, it is not going to be a simple rise to power but a continual effort to tamp down crises and manage contradictions.
Mocanu Cristina
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847420640
- eISBN:
- 9781447302230
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847420640.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
After the communist regime collapsed, the education system in Romania had to cope with several problems. The system was designed to provide skilled workers for an industrialised country, and, during ...
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After the communist regime collapsed, the education system in Romania had to cope with several problems. The system was designed to provide skilled workers for an industrialised country, and, during the 1990s, the entire industry underwent a difficult and painful restructuring process. The Romanian labour market suffered from the economic restructuring process. Unemployment rates were moderate, but participation rates were quite low and a high share of people were engaged in the agricultural sector. These rates reveal that the Romanian labour market did not provide sufficient employment opportunities despite its strong economic growth in the new millennium. Unlike other Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, Romania did not embark on retrenchment in the area of social policies until the mid-to late-1990s. Unemployment benefit constituted the central policy measure for dealing with the rising number of unemployed in the course of restructuring.Less
After the communist regime collapsed, the education system in Romania had to cope with several problems. The system was designed to provide skilled workers for an industrialised country, and, during the 1990s, the entire industry underwent a difficult and painful restructuring process. The Romanian labour market suffered from the economic restructuring process. Unemployment rates were moderate, but participation rates were quite low and a high share of people were engaged in the agricultural sector. These rates reveal that the Romanian labour market did not provide sufficient employment opportunities despite its strong economic growth in the new millennium. Unlike other Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, Romania did not embark on retrenchment in the area of social policies until the mid-to late-1990s. Unemployment benefit constituted the central policy measure for dealing with the rising number of unemployed in the course of restructuring.
Frederic C. Deyo
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450518
- eISBN:
- 9780801463945
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450518.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter examines the shift in several Asian countries away from import substitution toward a greater emphasis on export-oriented industrialization (EOI). The shift to EOI occurred initially in ...
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This chapter examines the shift in several Asian countries away from import substitution toward a greater emphasis on export-oriented industrialization (EOI). The shift to EOI occurred initially in Asia's four newly industrializing countries during the 1960s and 1970s, in part in response to new external opportunities created by growing Japanese international subcontracting and direct investment, by expanding world markets, and by increased demand for logistics and supplies on the part of the U.S. military in its prosecution of the Vietnam War. This new strategy, and the dramatic economic transformations and growth with which it was often associated, led many scholars and policymakers to believe that East Asia's open export-led growth offers a new model of outward-oriented market-led industrial development. This chapter first provides an overview of EOI in Asia before discussing state enterprise reform as a strand of economic restructuring and its impact on Asian employment.Less
This chapter examines the shift in several Asian countries away from import substitution toward a greater emphasis on export-oriented industrialization (EOI). The shift to EOI occurred initially in Asia's four newly industrializing countries during the 1960s and 1970s, in part in response to new external opportunities created by growing Japanese international subcontracting and direct investment, by expanding world markets, and by increased demand for logistics and supplies on the part of the U.S. military in its prosecution of the Vietnam War. This new strategy, and the dramatic economic transformations and growth with which it was often associated, led many scholars and policymakers to believe that East Asia's open export-led growth offers a new model of outward-oriented market-led industrial development. This chapter first provides an overview of EOI in Asia before discussing state enterprise reform as a strand of economic restructuring and its impact on Asian employment.
Xavier de Souza Briggs
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262026413
- eISBN:
- 9780262269292
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262026413.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
Complexity, division, mistrust, and “process paralysis” can thwart leaders and others when they tackle local challenges. This book shows how civic capacity—the capacity to create and sustain smart ...
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Complexity, division, mistrust, and “process paralysis” can thwart leaders and others when they tackle local challenges. This book shows how civic capacity—the capacity to create and sustain smart collective action—can be developed and used. In an era of sharp debate over the conditions under which democracy can develop while broadening participation and building community, it argues that understanding and building civic capacity is crucial for strengthening governance and changing the state of the world in the process. More than managing a contest among interest groups or spurring deliberation to reframe issues, democracy can be what the public most desires: A recipe for significant progress on important problems. The author examines efforts in six cities in the United States, Brazil, India, and South Africa, which face the millennial challenges of rapid urban growth, economic restructuring, and investing in the next generation. These challenges demand the engagement of government, business, and nongovernmental sectors. The keys to progress include the ability to combine learning and bargaining continually, to forge multiple forms of accountability, and to find ways to leverage the capacity of the grassroots and what the author terms the “grasstops,” regardless of who initiates change or who participates over time. Civic capacity can—and must—be developed, even in places that lack traditions of cooperative civic action.Less
Complexity, division, mistrust, and “process paralysis” can thwart leaders and others when they tackle local challenges. This book shows how civic capacity—the capacity to create and sustain smart collective action—can be developed and used. In an era of sharp debate over the conditions under which democracy can develop while broadening participation and building community, it argues that understanding and building civic capacity is crucial for strengthening governance and changing the state of the world in the process. More than managing a contest among interest groups or spurring deliberation to reframe issues, democracy can be what the public most desires: A recipe for significant progress on important problems. The author examines efforts in six cities in the United States, Brazil, India, and South Africa, which face the millennial challenges of rapid urban growth, economic restructuring, and investing in the next generation. These challenges demand the engagement of government, business, and nongovernmental sectors. The keys to progress include the ability to combine learning and bargaining continually, to forge multiple forms of accountability, and to find ways to leverage the capacity of the grassroots and what the author terms the “grasstops,” regardless of who initiates change or who participates over time. Civic capacity can—and must—be developed, even in places that lack traditions of cooperative civic action.
Sarah Cook and Wing Lam
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847428288
- eISBN:
- 9781447305521
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428288.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
This chapter examines the way in which social policy has been used during the crisis response and recovery in China. It starts by asking whether China's leadership has been able to use social ...
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This chapter examines the way in which social policy has been used during the crisis response and recovery in China. It starts by asking whether China's leadership has been able to use social policies effectively in its response: first to meet the immediate needs of individuals or localities most severely affected by crisis; and second, but more significantly, to help smooth a transition to the stated objectives of economic rebalancing through more sustainable, consumption-led growth. Through a review of policies and expenditures, and, where possible, evidence about local implementation and outcomes, the chapter identifies areas of progress as well as institutional bottlenecks to the implementation of policies, which potentially limit the role of social policies in facilitating a shift to an alternative economic development path.Less
This chapter examines the way in which social policy has been used during the crisis response and recovery in China. It starts by asking whether China's leadership has been able to use social policies effectively in its response: first to meet the immediate needs of individuals or localities most severely affected by crisis; and second, but more significantly, to help smooth a transition to the stated objectives of economic rebalancing through more sustainable, consumption-led growth. Through a review of policies and expenditures, and, where possible, evidence about local implementation and outcomes, the chapter identifies areas of progress as well as institutional bottlenecks to the implementation of policies, which potentially limit the role of social policies in facilitating a shift to an alternative economic development path.
Yu Hong
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040917
- eISBN:
- 9780252099434
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040917.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter recaps the profound changes in the political economy of communications as a frontier of economic restructuring and synthesizes different yet interrelated processes and outcomes of ...
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This chapter recaps the profound changes in the political economy of communications as a frontier of economic restructuring and synthesizes different yet interrelated processes and outcomes of forging the digital economy across communications. In light of the central position assigned to communications in the scheme of economic restructuring, this chapter also pursues the following question: How much advantage would China likely gain from this newly discovered developmental focus? It explores likely global implications in ICT manufacturing, media and entertainment, and internet governance.Less
This chapter recaps the profound changes in the political economy of communications as a frontier of economic restructuring and synthesizes different yet interrelated processes and outcomes of forging the digital economy across communications. In light of the central position assigned to communications in the scheme of economic restructuring, this chapter also pursues the following question: How much advantage would China likely gain from this newly discovered developmental focus? It explores likely global implications in ICT manufacturing, media and entertainment, and internet governance.
