Amy Verdun
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297574
- eISBN:
- 9780191598982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297572.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) resulted from the convergence of ideas about the aim of monetary policy and the design of EMU. It will lead to a further revival of the EU if there remains a ...
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The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) resulted from the convergence of ideas about the aim of monetary policy and the design of EMU. It will lead to a further revival of the EU if there remains a clear consensus and widespread support for common ideas on the objectives of economic and monetary policy. On the other hand, the EMU may pose a serious risk to the integration process if its costs and benefits are unevenly spread across EU member states, sectors, regions, and citizens.Less
The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) resulted from the convergence of ideas about the aim of monetary policy and the design of EMU. It will lead to a further revival of the EU if there remains a clear consensus and widespread support for common ideas on the objectives of economic and monetary policy. On the other hand, the EMU may pose a serious risk to the integration process if its costs and benefits are unevenly spread across EU member states, sectors, regions, and citizens.
Edeltraud Roller
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199286423
- eISBN:
- 9780191603358
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199286426.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This chapter presents an empirical analysis of the level, development, and structure of political effectiveness in twenty-one OECD countries between 1974 and 1995. There are three main results. ...
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This chapter presents an empirical analysis of the level, development, and structure of political effectiveness in twenty-one OECD countries between 1974 and 1995. There are three main results. First, regarding the level of effectiveness, the USA is, with the exception of economic policy, always among those countries with the worst performance record. Second, in terms of the development of political effectiveness, the general hypothesis that western democracies have been converging at a lower level of performance can not be confirmed. Third, the thesis of increasing incompatibility or increased tension between different policy goals finds no empirical confirmation.Less
This chapter presents an empirical analysis of the level, development, and structure of political effectiveness in twenty-one OECD countries between 1974 and 1995. There are three main results. First, regarding the level of effectiveness, the USA is, with the exception of economic policy, always among those countries with the worst performance record. Second, in terms of the development of political effectiveness, the general hypothesis that western democracies have been converging at a lower level of performance can not be confirmed. Third, the thesis of increasing incompatibility or increased tension between different policy goals finds no empirical confirmation.
David B. Audretsch, Max C. Keilbach, and Erik E. Lehmann
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195183511
- eISBN:
- 9780199783663
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183511.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter explains how and why public policy has turned to entrepreneurship as a mechanism for generating economic growth and employment. It reviews the public policy approach consistent with the ...
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This chapter explains how and why public policy has turned to entrepreneurship as a mechanism for generating economic growth and employment. It reviews the public policy approach consistent with the capital-driven, or Solow economy. It then turns toward the knowledge-based, or Romer economy. It defines entrepreneurship policy and distinguishes it from SME policy. The mandate for entrepreneurship policy and the sources of market failure for entrepreneurship are identified, which provide an economic rationale for public policy intervention. The reasons why entrepreneurship policy is diffusing across many different national and regional contexts are explained. It is argued that entrepreneurship policy is a purposeful attempt to create an entrepreneurial economy.Less
This chapter explains how and why public policy has turned to entrepreneurship as a mechanism for generating economic growth and employment. It reviews the public policy approach consistent with the capital-driven, or Solow economy. It then turns toward the knowledge-based, or Romer economy. It defines entrepreneurship policy and distinguishes it from SME policy. The mandate for entrepreneurship policy and the sources of market failure for entrepreneurship are identified, which provide an economic rationale for public policy intervention. The reasons why entrepreneurship policy is diffusing across many different national and regional contexts are explained. It is argued that entrepreneurship policy is a purposeful attempt to create an entrepreneurial economy.
Lance Taylor (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195145465
- eISBN:
- 9780199783960
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195145465.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
Reports on the effects of the fundamental economic policy shift in transition and developing countries after the mid‐1980s. Since that time, the “external liberalization” of international trade and ...
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Reports on the effects of the fundamental economic policy shift in transition and developing countries after the mid‐1980s. Since that time, the “external liberalization” of international trade and finance has been among the principal forces for increasing global integration. This wave of deregulation was the central feature of globalization for the non‐industrialized world. The chapters in this book look at the experiences of nine countries – Argentina, Columbia, Cuba, India, Mexico, Russia, South Korea, Turkey, and Zimbabwe – and the often‐negative effects that liberalization has had on them. At best, the liberalization packages generated modest improvements in economic growth and distributional equity; at worst, they have been associated with increasing income inequality and slower growth, even in the presence of rising capital inflows. The country studies suggest that the effects of liberalization on growth, employment, and income distribution emerge from a complex set of forces on both the supply and demand sides of the economy. Redistribution of income and production across industries (typically from those producing traded goods to those producing nontraded goods) and groups within the labor force (typically from unskilled to skilled), as well as adverse shifts in “macro” prices such as real wage, interest, and exchange rates are part of the process. This degree of complexity and most of the unfavorable effects of deregulation were not anticipated, and are only now being widely recognized. The implication is that the liberalization strategy needs to be rethought. The contributors include policy recommendations for often‐overlooked problems and challenges posed by globalization.Less
Reports on the effects of the fundamental economic policy shift in transition and developing countries after the mid‐1980s. Since that time, the “external liberalization” of international trade and finance has been among the principal forces for increasing global integration. This wave of deregulation was the central feature of globalization for the non‐industrialized world. The chapters in this book look at the experiences of nine countries – Argentina, Columbia, Cuba, India, Mexico, Russia, South Korea, Turkey, and Zimbabwe – and the often‐negative effects that liberalization has had on them. At best, the liberalization packages generated modest improvements in economic growth and distributional equity; at worst, they have been associated with increasing income inequality and slower growth, even in the presence of rising capital inflows. The country studies suggest that the effects of liberalization on growth, employment, and income distribution emerge from a complex set of forces on both the supply and demand sides of the economy. Redistribution of income and production across industries (typically from those producing traded goods to those producing nontraded goods) and groups within the labor force (typically from unskilled to skilled), as well as adverse shifts in “macro” prices such as real wage, interest, and exchange rates are part of the process. This degree of complexity and most of the unfavorable effects of deregulation were not anticipated, and are only now being widely recognized. The implication is that the liberalization strategy needs to be rethought. The contributors include policy recommendations for often‐overlooked problems and challenges posed by globalization.
JONATHAN PERRATON and PETER WELLS
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199259250
- eISBN:
- 9780191600968
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199259259.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Jonathon Perraton and Peter Wells explore the relevance of multi‐level governance for understanding economic policy‐making. They note that three general trends can be seen in this policy area in the ...
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Jonathon Perraton and Peter Wells explore the relevance of multi‐level governance for understanding economic policy‐making. They note that three general trends can be seen in this policy area in the last 50 years. First, the ceding of power to supranational institutions in the field of economic policy‐making. Second, the creation of subnational regional infrastructures that can often have economic policy‐making capacities. And, third, the adoption of new policy instruments by national governments that commonly involve partnership arrangements with the private sector. Perraton and Wells explore the relevance of multi‐level governance in relation to these trends and its relationship to approaches that are grounded in economics, notably fiscal federalism.Less
Jonathon Perraton and Peter Wells explore the relevance of multi‐level governance for understanding economic policy‐making. They note that three general trends can be seen in this policy area in the last 50 years. First, the ceding of power to supranational institutions in the field of economic policy‐making. Second, the creation of subnational regional infrastructures that can often have economic policy‐making capacities. And, third, the adoption of new policy instruments by national governments that commonly involve partnership arrangements with the private sector. Perraton and Wells explore the relevance of multi‐level governance in relation to these trends and its relationship to approaches that are grounded in economics, notably fiscal federalism.
Jamie Peck
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199580576
- eISBN:
- 9780191595240
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580576.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
This chapter presents a critical examination of President Barack Obama's economic philosophy and policy, focusing on the presidential campaign and his first year in office. It is argued that ...
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This chapter presents a critical examination of President Barack Obama's economic philosophy and policy, focusing on the presidential campaign and his first year in office. It is argued that ‘Obamanomics’ represents an appropriately ambiguous placeholder for what remains an elusive economic philosophy, which in practice has oscillated between emergency measures and pragmatic adjustments. The nearest relative to Obamanomics may be the ‘Third Way’ ideology espoused by Bill Clinton and Tony Blair in the late 1990s, which likewise sought to combine an embrace of free-market globalization with social amelioration in domestic policy. In as far as the financial crisis of 2008-9 provided both an impetus and a rationale for a radical reorientation of economic policy in the United States (and internationally), the opportunity for developing a progressive version of Obamanomics may already have been missed. Rather than transcending neoliberalism, this seems to presage a further period of accommodation and adaptation.Less
This chapter presents a critical examination of President Barack Obama's economic philosophy and policy, focusing on the presidential campaign and his first year in office. It is argued that ‘Obamanomics’ represents an appropriately ambiguous placeholder for what remains an elusive economic philosophy, which in practice has oscillated between emergency measures and pragmatic adjustments. The nearest relative to Obamanomics may be the ‘Third Way’ ideology espoused by Bill Clinton and Tony Blair in the late 1990s, which likewise sought to combine an embrace of free-market globalization with social amelioration in domestic policy. In as far as the financial crisis of 2008-9 provided both an impetus and a rationale for a radical reorientation of economic policy in the United States (and internationally), the opportunity for developing a progressive version of Obamanomics may already have been missed. Rather than transcending neoliberalism, this seems to presage a further period of accommodation and adaptation.
Peter A. Hall
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199244034
- eISBN:
- 9780191599897
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199244030.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The course of European integration since the Second World War has raised important challenges for analysts of economic policy‐making. This chapter examines its impact on three analytical frameworks ...
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The course of European integration since the Second World War has raised important challenges for analysts of economic policy‐making. This chapter examines its impact on three analytical frameworks associated with distinctive eras of economic policy‐making in Europe: the era of competitive modernization, the era of distributive conflict, and the era of globalization. In respect of each era, the analysis addresses four general questions. First, how are the principal economic challenges facing the European nations defined? Second, what does good economic policy‐making entail? Third, what are the institutional conditions associated with successful policy‐making? Fourth, what kind of categories or comparisons among nations does each analytical framework emphasize?Less
The course of European integration since the Second World War has raised important challenges for analysts of economic policy‐making. This chapter examines its impact on three analytical frameworks associated with distinctive eras of economic policy‐making in Europe: the era of competitive modernization, the era of distributive conflict, and the era of globalization. In respect of each era, the analysis addresses four general questions. First, how are the principal economic challenges facing the European nations defined? Second, what does good economic policy‐making entail? Third, what are the institutional conditions associated with successful policy‐making? Fourth, what kind of categories or comparisons among nations does each analytical framework emphasize?
Loukas Tsoukalis
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199279487
- eISBN:
- 9780191602979
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199279489.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Economic integration in Europe has fuelled debates on the division of powers and responsibilities between the European and national levels, and between regional and local levels. This distribution of ...
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Economic integration in Europe has fuelled debates on the division of powers and responsibilities between the European and national levels, and between regional and local levels. This distribution of powers and responsibilities has implications for market integration, and the conditions under which economic agents compete for market shares. The term ‘economic governance’ has emerged in reference to the appropriate mix between the state and the market, public and private interests, as well as trade-offs between economic efficiency, stability, and equity. This chapter argues that the European debate simply hides or transforms many of the crucial trade-offs and policy choices relating to the kind of Europe, and the kind of society people want to live in. Specific policy areas in European integration are examined.Less
Economic integration in Europe has fuelled debates on the division of powers and responsibilities between the European and national levels, and between regional and local levels. This distribution of powers and responsibilities has implications for market integration, and the conditions under which economic agents compete for market shares. The term ‘economic governance’ has emerged in reference to the appropriate mix between the state and the market, public and private interests, as well as trade-offs between economic efficiency, stability, and equity. This chapter argues that the European debate simply hides or transforms many of the crucial trade-offs and policy choices relating to the kind of Europe, and the kind of society people want to live in. Specific policy areas in European integration are examined.
Loukas Tsoukalis
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199279487
- eISBN:
- 9780191602979
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199279489.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This book examines the issues associated with the future of economic and political integration in Europe. It seeks answers to the question, “What kind of Europe do we want to build?”, with emphasis ...
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This book examines the issues associated with the future of economic and political integration in Europe. It seeks answers to the question, “What kind of Europe do we want to build?”, with emphasis on the policy choices involved. The book is divided into two parts. Part I highlights the achievements of European integration to date, and the outstanding issues inherited from the past. Part 2 provides in-depth discussions of the main challenges facing the enlarged EU.Less
This book examines the issues associated with the future of economic and political integration in Europe. It seeks answers to the question, “What kind of Europe do we want to build?”, with emphasis on the policy choices involved. The book is divided into two parts. Part I highlights the achievements of European integration to date, and the outstanding issues inherited from the past. Part 2 provides in-depth discussions of the main challenges facing the enlarged EU.
The Late Andrew Glyn (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199241378
- eISBN:
- 9780191696923
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199241378.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
Never has the Left held power in so many advanced economies, yet never has the difference that this makes to economic policy been so hard to specify. Across a range of European countries and in ...
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Never has the Left held power in so many advanced economies, yet never has the difference that this makes to economic policy been so hard to specify. Across a range of European countries and in Australia, governments of the Left have struggled to chart a distinctive course in the face of the neoliberal backlash against state intervention, the welfare state, and guaranteed full employment. This book examines the record of these governments in securing high employment and a more equal distribution of income in the face of slow growth and global pressures to reduce inflation. Detailed studies of governments from Mitterand to Blair and from Keating to Papandreou by leading writers from the countries in question are complemented by surveys of experience of the welfare state and of the ideological and historical background to these governments' attempts to further the objectives of social democracy.Less
Never has the Left held power in so many advanced economies, yet never has the difference that this makes to economic policy been so hard to specify. Across a range of European countries and in Australia, governments of the Left have struggled to chart a distinctive course in the face of the neoliberal backlash against state intervention, the welfare state, and guaranteed full employment. This book examines the record of these governments in securing high employment and a more equal distribution of income in the face of slow growth and global pressures to reduce inflation. Detailed studies of governments from Mitterand to Blair and from Keating to Papandreou by leading writers from the countries in question are complemented by surveys of experience of the welfare state and of the ideological and historical background to these governments' attempts to further the objectives of social democracy.
Loukas Tsoukalis
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199279487
- eISBN:
- 9780191602979
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199279489.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter presents a brief history of the economic and monetary union (EMU) in Europe, and examines its implications for the future of European integration. It argues that the EMU is a high-risk ...
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This chapter presents a brief history of the economic and monetary union (EMU) in Europe, and examines its implications for the future of European integration. It argues that the EMU is a high-risk strategy, given the combination of fixed exchange rates and ‘one-size-fits-all’ monetary policy with very weak adjustment mechanisms and economic divergence. If managed badly, the EMU would have a negative effect on output and employment for the EU as a whole. The success of the EMU rests on a stronger and more integrated EU in both political and economic terms, as well as major structural reforms.Less
This chapter presents a brief history of the economic and monetary union (EMU) in Europe, and examines its implications for the future of European integration. It argues that the EMU is a high-risk strategy, given the combination of fixed exchange rates and ‘one-size-fits-all’ monetary policy with very weak adjustment mechanisms and economic divergence. If managed badly, the EMU would have a negative effect on output and employment for the EU as a whole. The success of the EMU rests on a stronger and more integrated EU in both political and economic terms, as well as major structural reforms.
Yoon Je Cho
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198294917
- eISBN:
- 9780191715501
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198294917.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter discusses how economic rent was created and distributed in the course of economic development in Korea, focusing on government intervention in the financial market. The Korean experience ...
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This chapter discusses how economic rent was created and distributed in the course of economic development in Korea, focusing on government intervention in the financial market. The Korean experience shows that it is possible for governments to intervene productively and effectively in the early stages of economic development. The balance between the role of government and market forces should reflect the financial market, industrial organization, market structure, and political and international environment facing the country. However, as economic development advances, the role and scope of government intervention must be reappraised with a view towards greater reliance on market forces.Less
This chapter discusses how economic rent was created and distributed in the course of economic development in Korea, focusing on government intervention in the financial market. The Korean experience shows that it is possible for governments to intervene productively and effectively in the early stages of economic development. The balance between the role of government and market forces should reflect the financial market, industrial organization, market structure, and political and international environment facing the country. However, as economic development advances, the role and scope of government intervention must be reappraised with a view towards greater reliance on market forces.
Diane Elson
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199256457
- eISBN:
- 9780191601989
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199256454.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This chapter analyses the links between neo-liberal economic policies and women’s substantive enjoyment of human rights. It examines the association between two different discourses: human rights and ...
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This chapter analyses the links between neo-liberal economic policies and women’s substantive enjoyment of human rights. It examines the association between two different discourses: human rights and economic efficiency, and the experience of women, particularly poor women in the era of neo-liberal economic policies. Alternative approaches to economic policy that would promote social justice for poor women are considered.Less
This chapter analyses the links between neo-liberal economic policies and women’s substantive enjoyment of human rights. It examines the association between two different discourses: human rights and economic efficiency, and the experience of women, particularly poor women in the era of neo-liberal economic policies. Alternative approaches to economic policy that would promote social justice for poor women are considered.
Daniel Marx, Jose Echague, and Guido Sandleris
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195168006
- eISBN:
- 9780199783458
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195168003.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter analyzes the main problems of the current global sovereign debt markets, particularly in relation to emerging countries, and presents some policy recommendations. It describes the ...
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This chapter analyzes the main problems of the current global sovereign debt markets, particularly in relation to emerging countries, and presents some policy recommendations. It describes the evolution of sovereign debt markets during the 1990s. It then focuses on the emerging countries' debt crises of the late 1990s and their resolution. Finally, drawing from the analysis of the previous sections, it argues that there is room for significant improvements in the architecture of sovereign debt markets and that emerging countries have much to do in terms of unilateral reforms.Less
This chapter analyzes the main problems of the current global sovereign debt markets, particularly in relation to emerging countries, and presents some policy recommendations. It describes the evolution of sovereign debt markets during the 1990s. It then focuses on the emerging countries' debt crises of the late 1990s and their resolution. Finally, drawing from the analysis of the previous sections, it argues that there is room for significant improvements in the architecture of sovereign debt markets and that emerging countries have much to do in terms of unilateral reforms.
EDELTRAUND ROLLER
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199286423
- eISBN:
- 9780191603358
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199286426.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This concluding chapter summarizes the most important results of this investigation into the development of political effectiveness in western democracies since 1974, and the impact of political ...
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This concluding chapter summarizes the most important results of this investigation into the development of political effectiveness in western democracies since 1974, and the impact of political institutions. The findings are discussed with respect to their theoretical and practical implications. The study stresses that the effect of institutions is more complicated than most of the neo-institutionalist approaches assume. No clear predictions can be made on the basis of institutional factors. Consequently, the analyses do not support the widely-held assumption that fundamental political problems can simply be resolved through institutional reforms of liberal democracies.Less
This concluding chapter summarizes the most important results of this investigation into the development of political effectiveness in western democracies since 1974, and the impact of political institutions. The findings are discussed with respect to their theoretical and practical implications. The study stresses that the effect of institutions is more complicated than most of the neo-institutionalist approaches assume. No clear predictions can be made on the basis of institutional factors. Consequently, the analyses do not support the widely-held assumption that fundamental political problems can simply be resolved through institutional reforms of liberal democracies.
Edeltraud Roller
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199286423
- eISBN:
- 9780191603358
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199286426.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This book offers a description and explanation of the performance of western democracies. It addresses two main questions: Is the performance of western democracies in decline? Do institutions matter ...
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This book offers a description and explanation of the performance of western democracies. It addresses two main questions: Is the performance of western democracies in decline? Do institutions matter for political performance? It aims at a comprehensive stock-taking for twenty-one OECD countries by systematically examining all major domestic policy areas — domestic security policy, economic policy, social policy, and environmental policy — from 1974 to 1995. The quality of democracy is assessed at the level of the four policy areas, and at a general level encompassing all areas. The question of trade-offs between policy areas is studied in an unprecedented way. The empirical findings confront widely-held beliefs about the performance of democracies: Western democracies as a whole did not converge at a lower level of performance, and trade-offs between different policy areas did not increase. The question ‘do institutions matter?’ can only partially be answered in the affirmative. Political institutions do matter, but formal and informal institutions cause different effects; both matter only sometimes and only to a limited degree.Less
This book offers a description and explanation of the performance of western democracies. It addresses two main questions: Is the performance of western democracies in decline? Do institutions matter for political performance? It aims at a comprehensive stock-taking for twenty-one OECD countries by systematically examining all major domestic policy areas — domestic security policy, economic policy, social policy, and environmental policy — from 1974 to 1995. The quality of democracy is assessed at the level of the four policy areas, and at a general level encompassing all areas. The question of trade-offs between policy areas is studied in an unprecedented way. The empirical findings confront widely-held beliefs about the performance of democracies: Western democracies as a whole did not converge at a lower level of performance, and trade-offs between different policy areas did not increase. The question ‘do institutions matter?’ can only partially be answered in the affirmative. Political institutions do matter, but formal and informal institutions cause different effects; both matter only sometimes and only to a limited degree.
Ole Borre and Elinor Scarbrough (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294740
- eISBN:
- 9780191598838
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294743.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This book is the third in the ‘Beliefs in government’ series, and examines the effects of the post‐war arrival of the welfare state in the countries of Western Europe. The welfare state inaugurated a ...
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This book is the third in the ‘Beliefs in government’ series, and examines the effects of the post‐war arrival of the welfare state in the countries of Western Europe. The welfare state inaugurated a vast expansion in the role of government, which led to fears that the increased expectations of citizens would lead to government overload and to ‘ungovernability’. This book sheds new and surprising light on such fears. It begins by examining the expanding scope of government in the post‐war period. Drawing on a vast data set, stretching back over the past two decades and across Europe, it clarifies public attitudes towards the range and extent of government activity. It identifies changes in the public's political agenda, along with attitudes towards the size of government, taxation, and the equality and security goals of the welfare state. Attitudes towards government intervention in the economy, the environment, and the media are also examined. The book's final chapters assess the significance for governments of beliefs about the scope of the government.Less
This book is the third in the ‘Beliefs in government’ series, and examines the effects of the post‐war arrival of the welfare state in the countries of Western Europe. The welfare state inaugurated a vast expansion in the role of government, which led to fears that the increased expectations of citizens would lead to government overload and to ‘ungovernability’. This book sheds new and surprising light on such fears. It begins by examining the expanding scope of government in the post‐war period. Drawing on a vast data set, stretching back over the past two decades and across Europe, it clarifies public attitudes towards the range and extent of government activity. It identifies changes in the public's political agenda, along with attitudes towards the size of government, taxation, and the equality and security goals of the welfare state. Attitudes towards government intervention in the economy, the environment, and the media are also examined. The book's final chapters assess the significance for governments of beliefs about the scope of the government.
K. S. Jomo and Edmund Terence Gomez
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198294917
- eISBN:
- 9780191715501
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198294917.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter discusses the trade-offs involved between two types of rents in the context of resource-rich, ethnically diverse Malaysia: one primarily generated for postcolonial industrial development ...
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This chapter discusses the trade-offs involved between two types of rents in the context of resource-rich, ethnically diverse Malaysia: one primarily generated for postcolonial industrial development and the other generated for redistributive goals, mainly along interethnic lines. How the two types of rents have interacted with each other, alternated in influence, and affected the efficiency of the development process is discussed. It is shown that while redistributive policy has enhanced human capital accumulation among Malays or Bumiputras and reduced political tension, redistributive rents have induced various unproductive renter behaviours.Less
This chapter discusses the trade-offs involved between two types of rents in the context of resource-rich, ethnically diverse Malaysia: one primarily generated for postcolonial industrial development and the other generated for redistributive goals, mainly along interethnic lines. How the two types of rents have interacted with each other, alternated in influence, and affected the efficiency of the development process is discussed. It is shown that while redistributive policy has enhanced human capital accumulation among Malays or Bumiputras and reduced political tension, redistributive rents have induced various unproductive renter behaviours.
Richard Woodward
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199591145
- eISBN:
- 9780191594601
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199591145.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Political Economy
Chapter 3 sketches the OECD's role in economic governance, in particular the pursuit of its obligation to promote policies which maximize economic growth. While the OECD's work in the ...
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Chapter 3 sketches the OECD's role in economic governance, in particular the pursuit of its obligation to promote policies which maximize economic growth. While the OECD's work in the economic field evolves, its mechanisms of economic governance have barely altered. Richard Woodward argues that the OECD exerts ‘subtle discipline’ over the trajectory of economic governance through the use of its soft law mechanisms such as surveillance and peer review. These mechanisms can lead to convergence in national policies and, occasionally, outbreaks of international policy coordination. Ultimately, however, the proliferation of international mechanisms of governance and the internal politics of the OECD may be diluting its ability to shape the contours of international economic policy‐making.Less
Chapter 3 sketches the OECD's role in economic governance, in particular the pursuit of its obligation to promote policies which maximize economic growth. While the OECD's work in the economic field evolves, its mechanisms of economic governance have barely altered. Richard Woodward argues that the OECD exerts ‘subtle discipline’ over the trajectory of economic governance through the use of its soft law mechanisms such as surveillance and peer review. These mechanisms can lead to convergence in national policies and, occasionally, outbreaks of international policy coordination. Ultimately, however, the proliferation of international mechanisms of governance and the internal politics of the OECD may be diluting its ability to shape the contours of international economic policy‐making.
Young‐Iob Chung
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195178302
- eISBN:
- 9780199783557
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195178300.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter examines the economic reforms for capital formation and economic transformation, as well as the estimation of aggregate investment in Korea under Japanese rule between 1905 and 1945. The ...
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This chapter examines the economic reforms for capital formation and economic transformation, as well as the estimation of aggregate investment in Korea under Japanese rule between 1905 and 1945. The reform measures examined are those that removed economic and political obstacles, and those that established a new infrastructure to accommodate the workings of a government-controlled but market-oriented economy aimed at promoting capital formation and economic development. The estimation of investment considered not only the aggregate sum, but also the different nationalities (namely, Japanese, foreigners, and Koreans). The chapter also evaluates the impact of foreign investment, especially that of the Japanese, on Korean investment in terms of catalytic, linkage, oppression effects, as well as the benefits derived from external economies. Investment in human capital is assessed in terms of the overall expansion of the school system, student enrollments, and educational opportunities for Japanese and Koreans. The analysis includes private education, particularly that of the Christian missionaries, which played an important role in educating future Korean leaders.Less
This chapter examines the economic reforms for capital formation and economic transformation, as well as the estimation of aggregate investment in Korea under Japanese rule between 1905 and 1945. The reform measures examined are those that removed economic and political obstacles, and those that established a new infrastructure to accommodate the workings of a government-controlled but market-oriented economy aimed at promoting capital formation and economic development. The estimation of investment considered not only the aggregate sum, but also the different nationalities (namely, Japanese, foreigners, and Koreans). The chapter also evaluates the impact of foreign investment, especially that of the Japanese, on Korean investment in terms of catalytic, linkage, oppression effects, as well as the benefits derived from external economies. Investment in human capital is assessed in terms of the overall expansion of the school system, student enrollments, and educational opportunities for Japanese and Koreans. The analysis includes private education, particularly that of the Christian missionaries, which played an important role in educating future Korean leaders.
