Daniel Berkowitz and Karen B. Clay
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691136042
- eISBN:
- 9781400840540
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691136042.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter investigates the relationship between five initial conditions in states—temperature, precipitation, distance to oceans, distance to rivers and lakes, and colonial legal system—and ...
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This chapter investigates the relationship between five initial conditions in states—temperature, precipitation, distance to oceans, distance to rivers and lakes, and colonial legal system—and long-run levels of state political competition. State political competition is measured by examining the division of seats in the legislature between the political parties, although a number of other measures of state political competition are also examined. This chapter sketches some relationships between initial conditions and state political competition. It emphasizes the importance of state political competition, because it is thought to lead to better economic and social outcomes. In fact, there is a strong positive association between the extent of political competition and outcomes.Less
This chapter investigates the relationship between five initial conditions in states—temperature, precipitation, distance to oceans, distance to rivers and lakes, and colonial legal system—and long-run levels of state political competition. State political competition is measured by examining the division of seats in the legislature between the political parties, although a number of other measures of state political competition are also examined. This chapter sketches some relationships between initial conditions and state political competition. It emphasizes the importance of state political competition, because it is thought to lead to better economic and social outcomes. In fact, there is a strong positive association between the extent of political competition and outcomes.
Philip T. Hoffman, Gilles Postel-Vinay, and Jean-Laurent Rosenthal
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691182179
- eISBN:
- 9780691185057
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691182179.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This concluding chapter calls for an understanding of both historical inheritance and the process of change, which thus argues for a deeper understanding of long-run change. To fully grasp the role ...
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This concluding chapter calls for an understanding of both historical inheritance and the process of change, which thus argues for a deeper understanding of long-run change. To fully grasp the role that history plays in long-run outcomes, social scientists have to go beyond simply establishing a causal connection between social and economic outcomes today and events in the past; that is merely one step. Social scientists must then take a second step and actually uncover why institutions fail to change or why they successfully evolve. Only then will they understand how events of long ago can have enduring consequences, and why intervening forces may not dilute the influence of the past. The task will require both general models and long-run data that cover the decades between the ancient causes and modern outcomes.Less
This concluding chapter calls for an understanding of both historical inheritance and the process of change, which thus argues for a deeper understanding of long-run change. To fully grasp the role that history plays in long-run outcomes, social scientists have to go beyond simply establishing a causal connection between social and economic outcomes today and events in the past; that is merely one step. Social scientists must then take a second step and actually uncover why institutions fail to change or why they successfully evolve. Only then will they understand how events of long ago can have enduring consequences, and why intervening forces may not dilute the influence of the past. The task will require both general models and long-run data that cover the decades between the ancient causes and modern outcomes.
Ashwani Deshpande
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198072034
- eISBN:
- 9780199081028
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198072034.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter critically analyses the few economic theories that specifically investigate how social identity can impact economic outcomes and why we might encounter discrimination in market settings. ...
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This chapter critically analyses the few economic theories that specifically investigate how social identity can impact economic outcomes and why we might encounter discrimination in market settings. The unfortunate but hard reality all over the world is that identities do matter, and significantly so. This chapter presents those economic theories, incidentally put forth within the neo-classical framework, which bring home the fact that discrimination is perfectly compatible with market orientation and profit maximization, and that models based on discriminating agents also reach an equilibrium, albeit a different and sub-optimal (that is, not Pareto optimal) one, as compared to the equilibrium in an economy with no discrimination. Most importantly, these theories provide a motivation about why ‘rational’ economic agents might discriminate.Less
This chapter critically analyses the few economic theories that specifically investigate how social identity can impact economic outcomes and why we might encounter discrimination in market settings. The unfortunate but hard reality all over the world is that identities do matter, and significantly so. This chapter presents those economic theories, incidentally put forth within the neo-classical framework, which bring home the fact that discrimination is perfectly compatible with market orientation and profit maximization, and that models based on discriminating agents also reach an equilibrium, albeit a different and sub-optimal (that is, not Pareto optimal) one, as compared to the equilibrium in an economy with no discrimination. Most importantly, these theories provide a motivation about why ‘rational’ economic agents might discriminate.
Mark Thatcher
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198280743
- eISBN:
- 9780191684388
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198280743.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This introductory chapter sets out the purpose of the book, which is to examine the ability of nations to maintain dissimilar institutional arrangements in the face of powerful transnational forces ...
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This introductory chapter sets out the purpose of the book, which is to examine the ability of nations to maintain dissimilar institutional arrangements in the face of powerful transnational forces of change. It then analyses the impacts of those national institutional arrangements on policy making and economic outcomes. It discusses the conditions under which countries enjoy stable, different institutions and the limits to the consequences of cross-national contrasts. A national institutionalist analytical framework is used to structure the study: it provides claims and hypotheses that are tested emprically; it allows the conclusions of the case study to be related to broader debates about institutions and to refine national institutionalist claims. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.Less
This introductory chapter sets out the purpose of the book, which is to examine the ability of nations to maintain dissimilar institutional arrangements in the face of powerful transnational forces of change. It then analyses the impacts of those national institutional arrangements on policy making and economic outcomes. It discusses the conditions under which countries enjoy stable, different institutions and the limits to the consequences of cross-national contrasts. A national institutionalist analytical framework is used to structure the study: it provides claims and hypotheses that are tested emprically; it allows the conclusions of the case study to be related to broader debates about institutions and to refine national institutionalist claims. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.
Clair Brown, Yoshifumi Nakata, Michael Reich, and Lloyd Ulman
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195115215
- eISBN:
- 9780199854820
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195115215.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
Wage structures and the distribution of earned income in Japan and the U.S. and their relation to the broader institutional structure of each country's employment system are the main focus of this ...
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Wage structures and the distribution of earned income in Japan and the U.S. and their relation to the broader institutional structure of each country's employment system are the main focus of this chapter. In discussing pay systems in the two countries, six stylized facts that characterize economic outcomes in each country are first outlined. This chapter argues that these stylized facts are enduring, are not in contradiction with one another, and result from the historically contingent and specific institutions of each country rather than from general economic tendencies that apply to all advanced economies. This chapter discusses first the institutions in each country that govern the relation between pay, experience, and skills. Then, the career paths in each country are analyzed using company-level, industry-level, and national data sets. Lastly, the relation between inequality and growth is discussed, and the evidence on intercountry inequality differences are reviewed.Less
Wage structures and the distribution of earned income in Japan and the U.S. and their relation to the broader institutional structure of each country's employment system are the main focus of this chapter. In discussing pay systems in the two countries, six stylized facts that characterize economic outcomes in each country are first outlined. This chapter argues that these stylized facts are enduring, are not in contradiction with one another, and result from the historically contingent and specific institutions of each country rather than from general economic tendencies that apply to all advanced economies. This chapter discusses first the institutions in each country that govern the relation between pay, experience, and skills. Then, the career paths in each country are analyzed using company-level, industry-level, and national data sets. Lastly, the relation between inequality and growth is discussed, and the evidence on intercountry inequality differences are reviewed.
Larry M. Bartels
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199357505
- eISBN:
- 9780199357536
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199357505.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter offers a statistical analysis of 42 elections in 28 OECD countries from 2007 through 2011. The results demonstrate that citizens reward or punish incumbent governments based on economic ...
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This chapter offers a statistical analysis of 42 elections in 28 OECD countries from 2007 through 2011. The results demonstrate that citizens reward or punish incumbent governments based on economic growth in the year or two preceding each election. This effect was substantial, with differences in expected vote shares of 24 percentage points over the observed range of GDP growth, and with little or no apparent regard for global economic conditions. Once economic voting is taken into account, there is little evidence of any consistent ideological shift to the left or the right in OECD electorates, or of differential evaluation of economic conditions under left- or right-wing governments.Less
This chapter offers a statistical analysis of 42 elections in 28 OECD countries from 2007 through 2011. The results demonstrate that citizens reward or punish incumbent governments based on economic growth in the year or two preceding each election. This effect was substantial, with differences in expected vote shares of 24 percentage points over the observed range of GDP growth, and with little or no apparent regard for global economic conditions. Once economic voting is taken into account, there is little evidence of any consistent ideological shift to the left or the right in OECD electorates, or of differential evaluation of economic conditions under left- or right-wing governments.
Boris Gershman
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262036627
- eISBN:
- 9780262341660
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262036627.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter talks about three major intertwined themes that emerge in the new cultural economics: causal effects of culture on economic outcomes and institutions, the origins of culture, and the ...
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This chapter talks about three major intertwined themes that emerge in the new cultural economics: causal effects of culture on economic outcomes and institutions, the origins of culture, and the issues of cultural transmission, persistence, and change. It emphasizes the studies related to the field of long-run economic growth and development which explores culture as one of the key “deep determinants” of economic performance. The chapter reviews some of the recent empirical studies attempting to identify the causal effects of culture, and examines the research on the origins of culture, its social benefits, and costs. It also considers the evidence on cultural persistence and discusses the mechanisms of cultural transmission and change.Less
This chapter talks about three major intertwined themes that emerge in the new cultural economics: causal effects of culture on economic outcomes and institutions, the origins of culture, and the issues of cultural transmission, persistence, and change. It emphasizes the studies related to the field of long-run economic growth and development which explores culture as one of the key “deep determinants” of economic performance. The chapter reviews some of the recent empirical studies attempting to identify the causal effects of culture, and examines the research on the origins of culture, its social benefits, and costs. It also considers the evidence on cultural persistence and discusses the mechanisms of cultural transmission and change.
Michele Gazzola and Bengt-Arne Wickström (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262034708
- eISBN:
- 9780262335980
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262034708.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
In an era of globalization, issues of language diversity have economic and political implications. Transnational labor mobility, trade, social inclusion of migrants, democracy in multilingual ...
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In an era of globalization, issues of language diversity have economic and political implications. Transnational labor mobility, trade, social inclusion of migrants, democracy in multilingual countries, and companies’ international competitiveness all have a linguistic dimension; yet economists in general do not include language as a variable in their research. This volume demonstrates that the application of rigorous economic theories and research methods to issues of language policy yields valuable insights.
The contributors offer both theoretical and empirical analyses of such topics as the impact of language diversity on economic outcomes, the distributive effects of policy regarding official languages, the individual welfare consequences of bilingualism, and the link between language and national identity. Their research is based on data from countries including Canada, India, Kazakhstan, and Indonesia and from the regions of Central America, Europe, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Theoretical models are explained intuitively for the nonspecialist. The relationships among linguistic variables, inequality, and the economy are approached from different perspectives, including economics, sociolinguistics, and political science. For this reason, the book offers a substantive contribution to interdisciplinary work on languages in society and language policy, proposing a common framework for a shared research area
Contributors: Alisher Aldashev, Katalin Buzási, Ramon Caminal, Alexander M. Danzer, Maxime Leblanc Desgagné, Peter H. Egger, Ainhoa Aparicio Fenoll, Michele Gazzola, Victor Ginsburgh, Gilles Grenier, François Grin, Zoe Kuehn, Andrea Lassmann, Stephen May, Serge Nadeau, Suzanne Romaine, Selma K. Sonntag, Stefan Sperlich, José-Ramón Uriarte, François Vaillancourt, Shlomo Weber, Bengt-Arne Wickström, Lauren ZentzLess
In an era of globalization, issues of language diversity have economic and political implications. Transnational labor mobility, trade, social inclusion of migrants, democracy in multilingual countries, and companies’ international competitiveness all have a linguistic dimension; yet economists in general do not include language as a variable in their research. This volume demonstrates that the application of rigorous economic theories and research methods to issues of language policy yields valuable insights.
The contributors offer both theoretical and empirical analyses of such topics as the impact of language diversity on economic outcomes, the distributive effects of policy regarding official languages, the individual welfare consequences of bilingualism, and the link between language and national identity. Their research is based on data from countries including Canada, India, Kazakhstan, and Indonesia and from the regions of Central America, Europe, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Theoretical models are explained intuitively for the nonspecialist. The relationships among linguistic variables, inequality, and the economy are approached from different perspectives, including economics, sociolinguistics, and political science. For this reason, the book offers a substantive contribution to interdisciplinary work on languages in society and language policy, proposing a common framework for a shared research area
Contributors: Alisher Aldashev, Katalin Buzási, Ramon Caminal, Alexander M. Danzer, Maxime Leblanc Desgagné, Peter H. Egger, Ainhoa Aparicio Fenoll, Michele Gazzola, Victor Ginsburgh, Gilles Grenier, François Grin, Zoe Kuehn, Andrea Lassmann, Stephen May, Serge Nadeau, Suzanne Romaine, Selma K. Sonntag, Stefan Sperlich, José-Ramón Uriarte, François Vaillancourt, Shlomo Weber, Bengt-Arne Wickström, Lauren Zentz
Hanspeter Kriesi
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199357505
- eISBN:
- 9780199357536
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199357505.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This exploratory chapter tries to link the electoral consequences of the Great Recession and the protest to which it has given rise. In the first part, the expectations of the economic voting ...
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This exploratory chapter tries to link the electoral consequences of the Great Recession and the protest to which it has given rise. In the first part, the expectations of the economic voting literature are confirmed in a comparative analysis of electoral outcomes, which shows that the fiscal consequences (large budgetary deficits) in particular are giving rise to severe punishment of governing parties by the electorate. The second part links this electoral punishment to the political protest which, in the countries most hit by the crisis, is shown to have been triggered (Western Europe)/reinforced (Central- and Eastern Europe) by fiscal problems of the state in the crisis.Less
This exploratory chapter tries to link the electoral consequences of the Great Recession and the protest to which it has given rise. In the first part, the expectations of the economic voting literature are confirmed in a comparative analysis of electoral outcomes, which shows that the fiscal consequences (large budgetary deficits) in particular are giving rise to severe punishment of governing parties by the electorate. The second part links this electoral punishment to the political protest which, in the countries most hit by the crisis, is shown to have been triggered (Western Europe)/reinforced (Central- and Eastern Europe) by fiscal problems of the state in the crisis.
Ishrat Husain
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748639687
- eISBN:
- 9780748653171
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748639687.003.0009
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
Theoretical and empirical evidence from the past two decades shows that socioeconomic development is affected by the quality of governance and its institutions. Traditional factors in production ...
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Theoretical and empirical evidence from the past two decades shows that socioeconomic development is affected by the quality of governance and its institutions. Traditional factors in production obviously contribute to the growth process, but the residual or total factor productivity incorporates not only technical change, but also organisational and institutional change. Well-functioning and healthy institutions not only affect the rate of economic growth but, moreover, the distribution. If governance structures and supporting institutions are healthy, then the distribution of benefits of growth will be equitable. This chapter argues that the process by which good economic policies and aggregate economic outcomes are translated into an equitable distribution of wealth and benefits involves the institutions of governance. This chapter addresses the following three questions: 1) Why is good governance significant for development?; 2) What are the critical success factors needed for achieving development and good governance?; and 3) What are the channels by which governance affects development? It then explores the case of governance and development in Pakistan in detail.Less
Theoretical and empirical evidence from the past two decades shows that socioeconomic development is affected by the quality of governance and its institutions. Traditional factors in production obviously contribute to the growth process, but the residual or total factor productivity incorporates not only technical change, but also organisational and institutional change. Well-functioning and healthy institutions not only affect the rate of economic growth but, moreover, the distribution. If governance structures and supporting institutions are healthy, then the distribution of benefits of growth will be equitable. This chapter argues that the process by which good economic policies and aggregate economic outcomes are translated into an equitable distribution of wealth and benefits involves the institutions of governance. This chapter addresses the following three questions: 1) Why is good governance significant for development?; 2) What are the critical success factors needed for achieving development and good governance?; and 3) What are the channels by which governance affects development? It then explores the case of governance and development in Pakistan in detail.
Alberto Davila and Marie T. Mora
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780804777933
- eISBN:
- 9780804788014
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804777933.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This book provides an in-depth economic and policy analysis of Hispanic entrepreneurs in the first decade of the 2000s. This book captures a flavor of issues related to the business cycle, economic ...
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This book provides an in-depth economic and policy analysis of Hispanic entrepreneurs in the first decade of the 2000s. This book captures a flavor of issues related to the business cycle, economic outcomes (such as employment, sales, and contributions to tax coffers), socio-demographic characteristics, access to financial capital, the use and importance of digital technology, and public procurement and other policies affecting Hispanic business owners in the early 2000s. One distinguishing feature of this book is that it provides a comprehensive empirical analysis of many of these issues for specific Hispanic populations, such as men versus women, immigrants versus natives, and across Hispanic sub-groups (Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and Salvadorans). The first decade of the 2000s witnessed the dramatic growth in the Hispanic population and the intensification of their entrepreneurial tendencies. If these demographic changes continue as the 2000s unfold, Hispanic entrepreneurship will become an increasingly vital component of American job creation and to the economic direction of the nation.Less
This book provides an in-depth economic and policy analysis of Hispanic entrepreneurs in the first decade of the 2000s. This book captures a flavor of issues related to the business cycle, economic outcomes (such as employment, sales, and contributions to tax coffers), socio-demographic characteristics, access to financial capital, the use and importance of digital technology, and public procurement and other policies affecting Hispanic business owners in the early 2000s. One distinguishing feature of this book is that it provides a comprehensive empirical analysis of many of these issues for specific Hispanic populations, such as men versus women, immigrants versus natives, and across Hispanic sub-groups (Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and Salvadorans). The first decade of the 2000s witnessed the dramatic growth in the Hispanic population and the intensification of their entrepreneurial tendencies. If these demographic changes continue as the 2000s unfold, Hispanic entrepreneurship will become an increasingly vital component of American job creation and to the economic direction of the nation.
Curtis S. Florence and Sarah Beth Barnett
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814789308
- eISBN:
- 9780814760239
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814789308.003.0011
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
This concluding chapter considers the implications for policy and prevention raised in the preceding chapters, focusing on three preconditions for the prevention of youth violence through ...
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This concluding chapter considers the implications for policy and prevention raised in the preceding chapters, focusing on three preconditions for the prevention of youth violence through improvements in economic conditions. First, a strong relationship between youth violence and economic conditions must be established, net of other influences. Second, prevention programs should target the specific economic conditions that affect youth violence, and their effectiveness in improving those conditions must be demonstrated. Third, the economic improvements must be sufficiently large to lead to reductions in youth violence. In the future, it will be important to better understand the short- and long-term relationships between macroeconomics and violence and to evaluate prevention programs for their effect on economic outcomes.Less
This concluding chapter considers the implications for policy and prevention raised in the preceding chapters, focusing on three preconditions for the prevention of youth violence through improvements in economic conditions. First, a strong relationship between youth violence and economic conditions must be established, net of other influences. Second, prevention programs should target the specific economic conditions that affect youth violence, and their effectiveness in improving those conditions must be demonstrated. Third, the economic improvements must be sufficiently large to lead to reductions in youth violence. In the future, it will be important to better understand the short- and long-term relationships between macroeconomics and violence and to evaluate prevention programs for their effect on economic outcomes.
Melissa Schettini Kearney
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226475813
- eISBN:
- 9780226475837
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226475837.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
Teen childbearing is widely considered a major social problem. This chapter focuses on program interventions, but it also includes a brief discussion of the potential impacts of relevant public ...
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Teen childbearing is widely considered a major social problem. This chapter focuses on program interventions, but it also includes a brief discussion of the potential impacts of relevant public policies. The effectiveness of teen pregnancy prevention as an antipoverty strategy depends on two key elements: (1) the effectiveness of teen pregnancy prevention interventions in preventing teen pregnancies and births and (2) the effectiveness of reducing teen childbearing in driving down rates of poverty. There is a lack of evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of many program interventions, but there is some cause for optimism that the best programs may work in the right settings. The chapter discusses the evidence on the link between teen childbearing and subsequent economic outcomes including rates of poverty among teen mothers. The evidence is weak that driving down rates of teen childbearing per se will lead to measurable reductions in poverty.Less
Teen childbearing is widely considered a major social problem. This chapter focuses on program interventions, but it also includes a brief discussion of the potential impacts of relevant public policies. The effectiveness of teen pregnancy prevention as an antipoverty strategy depends on two key elements: (1) the effectiveness of teen pregnancy prevention interventions in preventing teen pregnancies and births and (2) the effectiveness of reducing teen childbearing in driving down rates of poverty. There is a lack of evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of many program interventions, but there is some cause for optimism that the best programs may work in the right settings. The chapter discusses the evidence on the link between teen childbearing and subsequent economic outcomes including rates of poverty among teen mothers. The evidence is weak that driving down rates of teen childbearing per se will lead to measurable reductions in poverty.
Philip Oreopoulos
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226309453
- eISBN:
- 9780226309477
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226309477.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
Many states have discussed raising the school leaving age to seventeen or eighteen, almost making high school completion compulsory. This chapter uses these recent changes to the school leaving age ...
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Many states have discussed raising the school leaving age to seventeen or eighteen, almost making high school completion compulsory. This chapter uses these recent changes to the school leaving age to explore the potential for compulsory schooling to serve as an effective policy for improving current social-economic outcomes, especially for today's disadvantaged youth. The purpose is to present new evidence and discussion for considering whether to support such policies. Past studies only indicate that compulsory school laws appear to have been effective in generating adult gains for would-be dropouts many decades ago. The chapter focuses on whether recent changes and experiences have had any impact on increasing school enrollment and attainment. It estimates the subsequent impact on earnings and on other labor market outcomes for the small fraction affected by these laws. The overall results suggest that raising the school leaving age above sixteen offers significant gains to earnings and employment outcomes, on average, to students who otherwise would have left sooner.Less
Many states have discussed raising the school leaving age to seventeen or eighteen, almost making high school completion compulsory. This chapter uses these recent changes to the school leaving age to explore the potential for compulsory schooling to serve as an effective policy for improving current social-economic outcomes, especially for today's disadvantaged youth. The purpose is to present new evidence and discussion for considering whether to support such policies. Past studies only indicate that compulsory school laws appear to have been effective in generating adult gains for would-be dropouts many decades ago. The chapter focuses on whether recent changes and experiences have had any impact on increasing school enrollment and attainment. It estimates the subsequent impact on earnings and on other labor market outcomes for the small fraction affected by these laws. The overall results suggest that raising the school leaving age above sixteen offers significant gains to earnings and employment outcomes, on average, to students who otherwise would have left sooner.
Don Fullerton and Catherine Wolfram (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226269146
- eISBN:
- 9780226921983
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226921983.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
Economic research on climate change has been crucial in advancing our understanding of the consequences of global warming as well as the costs and benefits of the various policies that might reduce ...
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Economic research on climate change has been crucial in advancing our understanding of the consequences of global warming as well as the costs and benefits of the various policies that might reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. As nations work to develop climate policies, economic insights into their design and implementation are ever more important. With a balance between theoretical and empirical approaches, this book looks at the possible effects of various climate policies on a range of economic outcomes. The studies that comprise the book examine topics which include the coordination—or lack thereof—between the federal and state governments, the implications of monitoring and enforcing climate policy, and the specific consequences of various climate policies for the agricultural, automotive, and buildings sectors.Less
Economic research on climate change has been crucial in advancing our understanding of the consequences of global warming as well as the costs and benefits of the various policies that might reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. As nations work to develop climate policies, economic insights into their design and implementation are ever more important. With a balance between theoretical and empirical approaches, this book looks at the possible effects of various climate policies on a range of economic outcomes. The studies that comprise the book examine topics which include the coordination—or lack thereof—between the federal and state governments, the implications of monitoring and enforcing climate policy, and the specific consequences of various climate policies for the agricultural, automotive, and buildings sectors.
