Ernesto Estrada
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199591756
- eISBN:
- 9780191774959
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199591756.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
This book is devoted to the analysis of the structure of complex networks by combining results from algebraic, topological, and extremal graph theory with statistical and molecular physics, as well ...
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This book is devoted to the analysis of the structure of complex networks by combining results from algebraic, topological, and extremal graph theory with statistical and molecular physics, as well as with contributions from mathematical chemistry, biology, and social sciences. It is divided into two parts consisting of twelve chapters dedicated to the development of theoretic tools for the structural analysis of networks, and seven chapters illustrating, in a critical way, applications of these tools to real-world scenarios. The first chapters provide detailed coverage of adjacency, metric, and topological properties of networks, followed by chapters devoted to the analysis of fragment-based and global invariants in complex networks. Then, there are chapters that analyse the concepts of communicability, centrality, bipartivity, expansibility, and communities in networks, as well as the study of random networks of different types. The second part of the book starts with an analysis of the study of gene regulation and transcription networks, followed by a chapter dedicated to the study of protein residue networks and another on protein–protein interaction networks. Then, the study of reaction networks is critically presented in three main sections devoted to man-made organic reactions, the chemical reactions in planetary atmospheres, and metabolic networks. This part of the book continues with the study of anatomical networks, which include intercellular, vascular, and brain networks. Another chapter studies the use of complex networks in ecological scenarios by examining not only food webs, but also mutualistic webs and landscape networks. The final chapter of the book is devoted to the study of both social and economic networks.Less
This book is devoted to the analysis of the structure of complex networks by combining results from algebraic, topological, and extremal graph theory with statistical and molecular physics, as well as with contributions from mathematical chemistry, biology, and social sciences. It is divided into two parts consisting of twelve chapters dedicated to the development of theoretic tools for the structural analysis of networks, and seven chapters illustrating, in a critical way, applications of these tools to real-world scenarios. The first chapters provide detailed coverage of adjacency, metric, and topological properties of networks, followed by chapters devoted to the analysis of fragment-based and global invariants in complex networks. Then, there are chapters that analyse the concepts of communicability, centrality, bipartivity, expansibility, and communities in networks, as well as the study of random networks of different types. The second part of the book starts with an analysis of the study of gene regulation and transcription networks, followed by a chapter dedicated to the study of protein residue networks and another on protein–protein interaction networks. Then, the study of reaction networks is critically presented in three main sections devoted to man-made organic reactions, the chemical reactions in planetary atmospheres, and metabolic networks. This part of the book continues with the study of anatomical networks, which include intercellular, vascular, and brain networks. Another chapter studies the use of complex networks in ecological scenarios by examining not only food webs, but also mutualistic webs and landscape networks. The final chapter of the book is devoted to the study of both social and economic networks.
Michael Storper, Thomas Kemeny, Naji Makarem, and Taner Osman
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780804789400
- eISBN:
- 9780804796026
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804789400.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
In 1970, the metropolitan areas of Los Angeles and San Francisco had almost identical levels of income per resident. In 2010, the San Francisco Bay Area was almost one third richer than Los Angeles, ...
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In 1970, the metropolitan areas of Los Angeles and San Francisco had almost identical levels of income per resident. In 2010, the San Francisco Bay Area was almost one third richer than Los Angeles, which had slipped from 4th rank among cities in the United States to 25th. The usual reasons for explaining such change—good or bad luck, different types of immigrants, tax rates, housing costs, and local economic policies, the pool of skilled labor—do not account for why they perform so differently. Instead, the divergence in economic development of major city regions is largely due to the different capacities for organizational change in their firms, networks of people, and networks of leaders. Drawing on economics, sociology, political science, and geography, this book sheds new light on the deep causes of economic development and challenges many conventional notions about it. By studying two regions in unprecedented levels of depth and precision, it develops lessons for the field of economic development studies in general and for urban regions around the world.Less
In 1970, the metropolitan areas of Los Angeles and San Francisco had almost identical levels of income per resident. In 2010, the San Francisco Bay Area was almost one third richer than Los Angeles, which had slipped from 4th rank among cities in the United States to 25th. The usual reasons for explaining such change—good or bad luck, different types of immigrants, tax rates, housing costs, and local economic policies, the pool of skilled labor—do not account for why they perform so differently. Instead, the divergence in economic development of major city regions is largely due to the different capacities for organizational change in their firms, networks of people, and networks of leaders. Drawing on economics, sociology, political science, and geography, this book sheds new light on the deep causes of economic development and challenges many conventional notions about it. By studying two regions in unprecedented levels of depth and precision, it develops lessons for the field of economic development studies in general and for urban regions around the world.
Francis Snyder
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198298922
- eISBN:
- 9780191685545
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198298922.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
One of the challenges facing transatlantic leaders is that of strengthening the transatlantic network without deepening the conditions leading to the exclusion from global governance of other regions ...
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One of the challenges facing transatlantic leaders is that of strengthening the transatlantic network without deepening the conditions leading to the exclusion from global governance of other regions of the world. This chapter aims to identify the variables that determine what those structures look like and the categories of legal foundations on which they may be based. Part II of this chapter discusses the meaning of globalization. Part III introduces, by way of an empirical anchor for the theoretical argument, the case of the global commodity-chain in toys. Part IV summarizes the basic theoretical argument regarding global legal pluralism. Part V identifies some of the sites of global legal pluralism which are the most significant for this global economic network.Less
One of the challenges facing transatlantic leaders is that of strengthening the transatlantic network without deepening the conditions leading to the exclusion from global governance of other regions of the world. This chapter aims to identify the variables that determine what those structures look like and the categories of legal foundations on which they may be based. Part II of this chapter discusses the meaning of globalization. Part III introduces, by way of an empirical anchor for the theoretical argument, the case of the global commodity-chain in toys. Part IV summarizes the basic theoretical argument regarding global legal pluralism. Part V identifies some of the sites of global legal pluralism which are the most significant for this global economic network.
Lynn Gamble
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520254411
- eISBN:
- 9780520942684
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520254411.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
When Spanish explorers and missionaries came onto Southern California's shores in 1769, they encountered the large towns and villages of the Chumash, a people who at that time were among the most ...
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When Spanish explorers and missionaries came onto Southern California's shores in 1769, they encountered the large towns and villages of the Chumash, a people who at that time were among the most advanced hunter-gatherer societies in the world. The Spanish were entertained and fed at lavish feasts hosted by chiefs who ruled over the settlements and who participated in extensive social and economic networks. In this modern synthesis of data from the Chumash heartland, this book weaves together multiple sources of evidence to re-create the rich tapestry of Chumash society. Drawing from archaeology, historical documents, ethnography, and ecology, it describes daily life in the large mainland towns, focusing on Chumash culture, household organization, politics, economy, warfare, and more.Less
When Spanish explorers and missionaries came onto Southern California's shores in 1769, they encountered the large towns and villages of the Chumash, a people who at that time were among the most advanced hunter-gatherer societies in the world. The Spanish were entertained and fed at lavish feasts hosted by chiefs who ruled over the settlements and who participated in extensive social and economic networks. In this modern synthesis of data from the Chumash heartland, this book weaves together multiple sources of evidence to re-create the rich tapestry of Chumash society. Drawing from archaeology, historical documents, ethnography, and ecology, it describes daily life in the large mainland towns, focusing on Chumash culture, household organization, politics, economy, warfare, and more.
Lynn H. Gamble
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520254411
- eISBN:
- 9780520942684
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520254411.003.0008
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
This chapter discusses the Chumash economic network and its organization of power, which was considered integral to the system. It first looks at the contexts of exchange, which normally included ...
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This chapter discusses the Chumash economic network and its organization of power, which was considered integral to the system. It first looks at the contexts of exchange, which normally included food and raw materials. The chapter then examines shell beads and indicators of wealth and rank, and presents several theoretical considerations about Chumash exchange. It also discusses canoes, which were used to make exchanges between the mainland and other settlements, the available centers of exchange, prestige goods, and network power.Less
This chapter discusses the Chumash economic network and its organization of power, which was considered integral to the system. It first looks at the contexts of exchange, which normally included food and raw materials. The chapter then examines shell beads and indicators of wealth and rank, and presents several theoretical considerations about Chumash exchange. It also discusses canoes, which were used to make exchanges between the mainland and other settlements, the available centers of exchange, prestige goods, and network power.
Angie Maxwell
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781469614250
- eISBN:
- 9781469615585
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469614250.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter considers the nature of day-to-day interactions between the Dutch settlers and Native American villagers who already had their own social networks covering the mid-Atlantic coast in a ...
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This chapter considers the nature of day-to-day interactions between the Dutch settlers and Native American villagers who already had their own social networks covering the mid-Atlantic coast in a web of personal and economic ties. Close contact resulted in either increasing peace or increasing violence in a particular colonial setting. Although people in the mid-Atlantic region developed a highly effective, widespread set of interpersonal economic networks, their failures to form intimate connections failed to staunch the violence that resulted as people lived closer together.Less
This chapter considers the nature of day-to-day interactions between the Dutch settlers and Native American villagers who already had their own social networks covering the mid-Atlantic coast in a web of personal and economic ties. Close contact resulted in either increasing peace or increasing violence in a particular colonial setting. Although people in the mid-Atlantic region developed a highly effective, widespread set of interpersonal economic networks, their failures to form intimate connections failed to staunch the violence that resulted as people lived closer together.
Madeleine Yue Dong
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520230507
- eISBN:
- 9780520927636
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520230507.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines the new economic system that emerged after the reshaping of the urban form of Republican Beijing. It argues that two economic systems overlapped in Republican Beijing: a global ...
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This chapter examines the new economic system that emerged after the reshaping of the urban form of Republican Beijing. It argues that two economic systems overlapped in Republican Beijing: a global industrial-economic network that treated the city primarily as a market for commodities and did not contribute to its productive development; and a preindustrial economic network which served as the main source of sustenance for the majority of the city's population. The chapter suggests that Beijing's recycling economy reveals in specific material terms how a complex web of practices bound the most disparate parts of Beijing society together in quite intimate ways.Less
This chapter examines the new economic system that emerged after the reshaping of the urban form of Republican Beijing. It argues that two economic systems overlapped in Republican Beijing: a global industrial-economic network that treated the city primarily as a market for commodities and did not contribute to its productive development; and a preindustrial economic network which served as the main source of sustenance for the majority of the city's population. The chapter suggests that Beijing's recycling economy reveals in specific material terms how a complex web of practices bound the most disparate parts of Beijing society together in quite intimate ways.
Justin Leidwanger
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- April 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190083656
- eISBN:
- 9780190083687
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190083656.003.0006
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, World History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter brings together insights into the structures and dynamics of Roman maritime interaction, stressing the need to approach it as a spatially and temporally grounded network phenomenon. ...
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This chapter brings together insights into the structures and dynamics of Roman maritime interaction, stressing the need to approach it as a spatially and temporally grounded network phenomenon. Discrete and dynamic regional maritime economies—featuring their own small mariners, simple ports, and flexible mobilities—formed the basis for agricultural distribution reaching beyond urban centers. The intersection of these regions with Mediterranean-wide connections offered the opportunity for flexible and varying forms of integration. This approach sheds new light on the emergence and evolution of maritime networks across the eastern Mediterranean, as well as their stability and dynamics in light of the broader economic, political, and social shifts that marked the transformation to Late Antiquity. The chapter ends by considering broader application of this methodology to other datasets for connectivity.Less
This chapter brings together insights into the structures and dynamics of Roman maritime interaction, stressing the need to approach it as a spatially and temporally grounded network phenomenon. Discrete and dynamic regional maritime economies—featuring their own small mariners, simple ports, and flexible mobilities—formed the basis for agricultural distribution reaching beyond urban centers. The intersection of these regions with Mediterranean-wide connections offered the opportunity for flexible and varying forms of integration. This approach sheds new light on the emergence and evolution of maritime networks across the eastern Mediterranean, as well as their stability and dynamics in light of the broader economic, political, and social shifts that marked the transformation to Late Antiquity. The chapter ends by considering broader application of this methodology to other datasets for connectivity.
Joanne Randa Nucho
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780691168968
- eISBN:
- 9781400883004
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691168968.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Middle Eastern Cultural Anthropology
This chapter argues that in Lebanon, economic networks of credit and lending can further contribute to the production of sectarianism as well as the narrowing of the definition of who can be an ...
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This chapter argues that in Lebanon, economic networks of credit and lending can further contribute to the production of sectarianism as well as the narrowing of the definition of who can be an adequate member of the sectarian “community.” It discusses women's rotating credit associations or shirkets and the rise of a microlending facility that sought to formalize and contain these practices under the more centralized control of an official, Armenian-run organization. The desire to control or replace the shirket practices can be traced back to political actors' long-standing fear of women's informal networks as a potential site of crosscutting relationships that defy narrow sectarian logics of social relations and are therefore threatening to the sectarian social order.Less
This chapter argues that in Lebanon, economic networks of credit and lending can further contribute to the production of sectarianism as well as the narrowing of the definition of who can be an adequate member of the sectarian “community.” It discusses women's rotating credit associations or shirkets and the rise of a microlending facility that sought to formalize and contain these practices under the more centralized control of an official, Armenian-run organization. The desire to control or replace the shirket practices can be traced back to political actors' long-standing fear of women's informal networks as a potential site of crosscutting relationships that defy narrow sectarian logics of social relations and are therefore threatening to the sectarian social order.
Michel Hogue
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469621050
- eISBN:
- 9781469623238
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469621050.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter traces the emergence of Metis communities around Plains fur trading posts and the subsequent growth and elaboration of Plains Metis culture in the first decades of the nineteenth ...
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This chapter traces the emergence of Metis communities around Plains fur trading posts and the subsequent growth and elaboration of Plains Metis culture in the first decades of the nineteenth century. It explains how these Plains Metis communities were rooted in the environmental exigencies and economics of the fur and provisions trade and linked to Indigenous power networks that were part of a larger, hybrid borderland world. In dedicating themselves to the year-round pursuit of buffalo, the members of these nascent Plains Metis communities helped create economic networks that crossed the different commercial, imperial, and national jurisdictions that existed on the early nineteenth-century northern Plains.Less
This chapter traces the emergence of Metis communities around Plains fur trading posts and the subsequent growth and elaboration of Plains Metis culture in the first decades of the nineteenth century. It explains how these Plains Metis communities were rooted in the environmental exigencies and economics of the fur and provisions trade and linked to Indigenous power networks that were part of a larger, hybrid borderland world. In dedicating themselves to the year-round pursuit of buffalo, the members of these nascent Plains Metis communities helped create economic networks that crossed the different commercial, imperial, and national jurisdictions that existed on the early nineteenth-century northern Plains.
Adam Teller
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691161747
- eISBN:
- 9780691199863
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691161747.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter describes the process of ransoming Jewish captives. Jewish captives had to be ransomed with money raised by the Jewish communities themselves and paid by them to the captors. Over the ...
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This chapter describes the process of ransoming Jewish captives. Jewish captives had to be ransomed with money raised by the Jewish communities themselves and paid by them to the captors. Over the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Jewish society succeeded in creating a broad transregional economic network whose goal was to ransom its members being held captive to be sold as slaves. Largely centered in Venice, from where much of the fundraising was organized, the Jewish ransoming network had other important hubs, particularly in Istanbul and Livorno. This network had grown and developed in the decades before 1648, but it was the flood of eastern European Jewish captives that really put it to the test and tightened the connections between its various components. The ransoming crisis also led to tensions with a second Jewish transregional economic network that was active in the Mediterranean: one tasked with raising funds to support Jewish settlement in the Land of Israel. The chapter then assesses why ransoming captives was so important for the Jews of the early modern world, looking at Jewish law and Jewish culture.Less
This chapter describes the process of ransoming Jewish captives. Jewish captives had to be ransomed with money raised by the Jewish communities themselves and paid by them to the captors. Over the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Jewish society succeeded in creating a broad transregional economic network whose goal was to ransom its members being held captive to be sold as slaves. Largely centered in Venice, from where much of the fundraising was organized, the Jewish ransoming network had other important hubs, particularly in Istanbul and Livorno. This network had grown and developed in the decades before 1648, but it was the flood of eastern European Jewish captives that really put it to the test and tightened the connections between its various components. The ransoming crisis also led to tensions with a second Jewish transregional economic network that was active in the Mediterranean: one tasked with raising funds to support Jewish settlement in the Land of Israel. The chapter then assesses why ransoming captives was so important for the Jews of the early modern world, looking at Jewish law and Jewish culture.
Tomas F. Summers Sandoval Jr.
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781469607665
- eISBN:
- 9781469612720
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9781469607672_SummersSandoval
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
Born in an explosive boom and built through distinct economic networks, San Francisco has a cosmopolitan character that often masks the challenges migrants faced to create community in the city by ...
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Born in an explosive boom and built through distinct economic networks, San Francisco has a cosmopolitan character that often masks the challenges migrants faced to create community in the city by the bay. Latin American migrants have been part of the city's story since its beginning. Charting the development of a hybrid Latino identity forged through struggle—latinidad—from the Gold Rush through the civil rights era, this book chronicles the rise of San Francisco's diverse community of Latin American migrants. This latinidad, it shows, was formed and made visible on college campuses and in churches, neighborhoods, movements for change, youth groups, protests, the Spanish-language press, and business districts. Using diverse archival sources, the author gives readers a panoramic perspective on the transformation of a multinational, multigenerational population into a visible, cohesive, and diverse community that today is a major force for social and political activism and cultural production in California and beyond.Less
Born in an explosive boom and built through distinct economic networks, San Francisco has a cosmopolitan character that often masks the challenges migrants faced to create community in the city by the bay. Latin American migrants have been part of the city's story since its beginning. Charting the development of a hybrid Latino identity forged through struggle—latinidad—from the Gold Rush through the civil rights era, this book chronicles the rise of San Francisco's diverse community of Latin American migrants. This latinidad, it shows, was formed and made visible on college campuses and in churches, neighborhoods, movements for change, youth groups, protests, the Spanish-language press, and business districts. Using diverse archival sources, the author gives readers a panoramic perspective on the transformation of a multinational, multigenerational population into a visible, cohesive, and diverse community that today is a major force for social and political activism and cultural production in California and beyond.
Amanda L. Scott
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781501747496
- eISBN:
- 9781501747519
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501747496.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
This chapter explores the kinds of material and emotional expression that shaped Basque notarial documents, drawing from testaments made by seroras as well as testaments that left goods or pious ...
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This chapter explores the kinds of material and emotional expression that shaped Basque notarial documents, drawing from testaments made by seroras as well as testaments that left goods or pious donations to seroras. It also assesses the reasons seroras did or did not write testaments and the kinds of relationships and networks that were forged through pious bequests among seroras and their communities. To a large extent, testaments followed set patterns and addressed similar issues across testators. Nonetheless, there was considerable room for flexibility and creativity. Ultimately, each testament was an abbreviated and compressed statement about what the testator had valued, the friendships she had cultivated, and an attempt to extend and preserve beyond death the social and economic networks she had built during life.Less
This chapter explores the kinds of material and emotional expression that shaped Basque notarial documents, drawing from testaments made by seroras as well as testaments that left goods or pious donations to seroras. It also assesses the reasons seroras did or did not write testaments and the kinds of relationships and networks that were forged through pious bequests among seroras and their communities. To a large extent, testaments followed set patterns and addressed similar issues across testators. Nonetheless, there was considerable room for flexibility and creativity. Ultimately, each testament was an abbreviated and compressed statement about what the testator had valued, the friendships she had cultivated, and an attempt to extend and preserve beyond death the social and economic networks she had built during life.
