Johannes Lindvall
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199590643
- eISBN:
- 9780191723407
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199590643.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, Political Economy
This chapter describes the consolidation of new macroeconomic regimes in Denmark and the Netherlands in the early 1980s and the end of employment-oriented macroeconomic policies in Austria and Sweden ...
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This chapter describes the consolidation of new macroeconomic regimes in Denmark and the Netherlands in the early 1980s and the end of employment-oriented macroeconomic policies in Austria and Sweden in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The main argument of the chapter is that the policy changes in Austria and Sweden were associated with wider changes in the Austrian and Swedish political models in the late 1980s and early 1990s – a period when Austria and Sweden became, in a certain sense, ordinary European states. The chapter also considers the role of economic ideas and Europeanization.Less
This chapter describes the consolidation of new macroeconomic regimes in Denmark and the Netherlands in the early 1980s and the end of employment-oriented macroeconomic policies in Austria and Sweden in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The main argument of the chapter is that the policy changes in Austria and Sweden were associated with wider changes in the Austrian and Swedish political models in the late 1980s and early 1990s – a period when Austria and Sweden became, in a certain sense, ordinary European states. The chapter also considers the role of economic ideas and Europeanization.
Michael Tracey
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198159254
- eISBN:
- 9780191673573
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198159254.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
Public broadcasting was the single most important social, cultural, and journalistic institution of the twentieth century. In the 15 years preceding the publication of this book, it had been ...
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Public broadcasting was the single most important social, cultural, and journalistic institution of the twentieth century. In the 15 years preceding the publication of this book, it had been assaulted politically, ideologically, technologically, and was everywhere in retreat. This book considers the idea of public service broadcasting and examines in detail the assault made upon it, with specific emphasis on global developments and events in the United Kingdom, Japan, Europe, and the United States. It argues that public service broadcasting has been a vital and democratically significant institution now experiencing a terminal decline brought about by changes in political, economic, and technological circumstances. Based on years of research and extensive contact with leading public broadcasters around the world, the book examines the idea of public service broadcasting and how for the most part it has vainly (and often ineffectually) struggled to survive. It concludes that public broadcasting is, as was once said of Weimar, a corpse on leave. Its likely disappearance constitutes an indication of a real and deep-seated crisis within liberal democracy.Less
Public broadcasting was the single most important social, cultural, and journalistic institution of the twentieth century. In the 15 years preceding the publication of this book, it had been assaulted politically, ideologically, technologically, and was everywhere in retreat. This book considers the idea of public service broadcasting and examines in detail the assault made upon it, with specific emphasis on global developments and events in the United Kingdom, Japan, Europe, and the United States. It argues that public service broadcasting has been a vital and democratically significant institution now experiencing a terminal decline brought about by changes in political, economic, and technological circumstances. Based on years of research and extensive contact with leading public broadcasters around the world, the book examines the idea of public service broadcasting and how for the most part it has vainly (and often ineffectually) struggled to survive. It concludes that public broadcasting is, as was once said of Weimar, a corpse on leave. Its likely disappearance constitutes an indication of a real and deep-seated crisis within liberal democracy.
Till Wahnbaeck
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199269839
- eISBN:
- 9780191710056
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199269839.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Economic History
This book charts the development of political economy in eighteenth-century Italy, and it argues that the focus on economic thought is characteristic of the Italian enlightenment at large. Through an ...
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This book charts the development of political economy in eighteenth-century Italy, and it argues that the focus on economic thought is characteristic of the Italian enlightenment at large. Through an analysis of the debate about luxury, it traces the shaping of a new language of political economy which was inspired by, and contributed to, European debate, but which offered solutions that were as much shaped by intellectual traditions and socio-economic circumstances as by French or Scottish precedent. Ultimately, those traditions were responsible for the development of very distinct ‘cultures of enlightenment’ across the peninsula -from the insertion of the economy into the edifice of enlightened Catholicism, to the development of physiocracy in Tuscany, to a new analytical approach to economics in the Milanese enlightenment. The author draws on treatises, academic debates, university lectures, sermons, letters, dictionaries, and personal sketches to trace the development of a public culture in Italy in the middle of the century, to establish the channels for the transmission of ideas between Italy, France, and Scotland, and the development of an analytical language of economy in Milan in the second half of the century. This work relates those developments to the socio-economic and political contexts in which they occurred and argues that the focus on the economy (especially in northern Italy) can be explained by a triple reason: against the background of a declining economy and a shift towards agriculture in a competitive European environment, economic thought addressed the region's most pressing needs; secondly, subjection to Habsburg rule meant that political reform was monopolized in Vienna, whereas economic policy was an area of developed government and hence offered a safe route to influence without infringing on Habsburg prerogatives; and finally, advances in economic thinking in Milan in particular provided a claim to power against the previous generation which had dominated the field of jurisprudence.Less
This book charts the development of political economy in eighteenth-century Italy, and it argues that the focus on economic thought is characteristic of the Italian enlightenment at large. Through an analysis of the debate about luxury, it traces the shaping of a new language of political economy which was inspired by, and contributed to, European debate, but which offered solutions that were as much shaped by intellectual traditions and socio-economic circumstances as by French or Scottish precedent. Ultimately, those traditions were responsible for the development of very distinct ‘cultures of enlightenment’ across the peninsula -from the insertion of the economy into the edifice of enlightened Catholicism, to the development of physiocracy in Tuscany, to a new analytical approach to economics in the Milanese enlightenment. The author draws on treatises, academic debates, university lectures, sermons, letters, dictionaries, and personal sketches to trace the development of a public culture in Italy in the middle of the century, to establish the channels for the transmission of ideas between Italy, France, and Scotland, and the development of an analytical language of economy in Milan in the second half of the century. This work relates those developments to the socio-economic and political contexts in which they occurred and argues that the focus on the economy (especially in northern Italy) can be explained by a triple reason: against the background of a declining economy and a shift towards agriculture in a competitive European environment, economic thought addressed the region's most pressing needs; secondly, subjection to Habsburg rule meant that political reform was monopolized in Vienna, whereas economic policy was an area of developed government and hence offered a safe route to influence without infringing on Habsburg prerogatives; and finally, advances in economic thinking in Milan in particular provided a claim to power against the previous generation which had dominated the field of jurisprudence.
Donald Miller
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520234925
- eISBN:
- 9780520929142
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520234925.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
A remarkable view of how geopolitics affects ordinary people, this book documents the lives of Armenians in the last two decades. Based on intimate interviews with 300 Armenians, it brings together ...
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A remarkable view of how geopolitics affects ordinary people, this book documents the lives of Armenians in the last two decades. Based on intimate interviews with 300 Armenians, it brings together firsthand testimony about the social, economic, and spiritual circumstances of Armenians during the 1980s and 1990s, when the country faced an earthquake, pogroms, and war. The book is a story of extreme suffering and hardship, a searching look at the fight for independence and a complex portrait of the human spirit. A companion to Survivors: An Oral History of the Armenian Genocide by the same authors, it focuses on four groups of people: survivors of the earthquakes that devastated northwestern Armenia in 1988; refugees from Azerbaijan who fled Baku and Sumgait because of pogroms against them; women, children, and soldiers who were affected by the war in Nagorno-Karabakh; and ordinary citizens who survived several winters without heat because of the blockade against Armenia by Turkey and Azerbaijan. The authors' narrative situates these accounts contextually and thematically, but the voices of individuals remain paramount.Less
A remarkable view of how geopolitics affects ordinary people, this book documents the lives of Armenians in the last two decades. Based on intimate interviews with 300 Armenians, it brings together firsthand testimony about the social, economic, and spiritual circumstances of Armenians during the 1980s and 1990s, when the country faced an earthquake, pogroms, and war. The book is a story of extreme suffering and hardship, a searching look at the fight for independence and a complex portrait of the human spirit. A companion to Survivors: An Oral History of the Armenian Genocide by the same authors, it focuses on four groups of people: survivors of the earthquakes that devastated northwestern Armenia in 1988; refugees from Azerbaijan who fled Baku and Sumgait because of pogroms against them; women, children, and soldiers who were affected by the war in Nagorno-Karabakh; and ordinary citizens who survived several winters without heat because of the blockade against Armenia by Turkey and Azerbaijan. The authors' narrative situates these accounts contextually and thematically, but the voices of individuals remain paramount.
MARC BRODIE
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199270552
- eISBN:
- 9780191710254
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199270552.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter attempts to put into context the electoral evidence from the East End constituencies in this period. It shows that that voting patterns in the East End should be seen as more closely ...
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This chapter attempts to put into context the electoral evidence from the East End constituencies in this period. It shows that that voting patterns in the East End should be seen as more closely representative of the views of the most prosperous within each area of East London. But there was also an overall consistency across areas in the economic circumstances of voters, which suggests that the obvious variations in electoral results between constituencies or wards may be best explained by localized or other factors rather than broad economic or class circumstances. This is further emphasized by the shorter time that voters remained on the registers in this period, particularly a significant group of poorer voters who gained the vote quite late in age. This suggests, as well, that politics in the Victorian and Edwardian East End should be considered clearly in the context of a much more tenuous level of party allegiance.Less
This chapter attempts to put into context the electoral evidence from the East End constituencies in this period. It shows that that voting patterns in the East End should be seen as more closely representative of the views of the most prosperous within each area of East London. But there was also an overall consistency across areas in the economic circumstances of voters, which suggests that the obvious variations in electoral results between constituencies or wards may be best explained by localized or other factors rather than broad economic or class circumstances. This is further emphasized by the shorter time that voters remained on the registers in this period, particularly a significant group of poorer voters who gained the vote quite late in age. This suggests, as well, that politics in the Victorian and Edwardian East End should be considered clearly in the context of a much more tenuous level of party allegiance.
Claus D. Zimmerman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199680740
- eISBN:
- 9780191760686
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199680740.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Company and Commercial Law
This general conclusion summarizes the key findings of each chapter most of which are applicable to the concept of sovereignty in general and inform our understanding of what it means to be sovereign ...
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This general conclusion summarizes the key findings of each chapter most of which are applicable to the concept of sovereignty in general and inform our understanding of what it means to be sovereign under evolving economic circumstances. The conclusion realistically acknowledges that the economic constraints pushing state leaders to exercise the sovereign powers in the realm of money as truly cooperative sovereignty may be felt less violently as the recovery of the world economy gains pace. Overall, it emerges that the acceptance of legal constraints on formerly exclusive state competences does not ring the death knell for a state’s monetary sovereignty. Rather, by renouncing the unfettered exercise of certain sovereign powers states can reassert their monetary sovereignty under the special form of cooperative sovereignty, regaining together a margin of manoeuvre with respect to sovereign powers whose isolated exercise had previously become increasingly ineffective and illusory under the impact of economic globalization and financial integration.Less
This general conclusion summarizes the key findings of each chapter most of which are applicable to the concept of sovereignty in general and inform our understanding of what it means to be sovereign under evolving economic circumstances. The conclusion realistically acknowledges that the economic constraints pushing state leaders to exercise the sovereign powers in the realm of money as truly cooperative sovereignty may be felt less violently as the recovery of the world economy gains pace. Overall, it emerges that the acceptance of legal constraints on formerly exclusive state competences does not ring the death knell for a state’s monetary sovereignty. Rather, by renouncing the unfettered exercise of certain sovereign powers states can reassert their monetary sovereignty under the special form of cooperative sovereignty, regaining together a margin of manoeuvre with respect to sovereign powers whose isolated exercise had previously become increasingly ineffective and illusory under the impact of economic globalization and financial integration.
David McKay
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198280583
- eISBN:
- 9780191684364
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198280583.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter discusses the puzzle concerning the structure and organization of the EU. This puzzles concerns the timing of the formation of the EU and the radical European response to the changed ...
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This chapter discusses the puzzle concerning the structure and organization of the EU. This puzzles concerns the timing of the formation of the EU and the radical European response to the changed economic circumstances of the 1980s and 1990s. The chapter argues that the union should have been formed during the 1950s when there was a need for enlargement and strengthening to respond to actual or potential military threat, instead of the late 1980s or the early 1990s. It is also a wonder that twelve countries had come together and voluntarily agreed to cede responsibility for major areas of government to a supranational authority.Less
This chapter discusses the puzzle concerning the structure and organization of the EU. This puzzles concerns the timing of the formation of the EU and the radical European response to the changed economic circumstances of the 1980s and 1990s. The chapter argues that the union should have been formed during the 1950s when there was a need for enlargement and strengthening to respond to actual or potential military threat, instead of the late 1980s or the early 1990s. It is also a wonder that twelve countries had come together and voluntarily agreed to cede responsibility for major areas of government to a supranational authority.
David Bebbington
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199575480
- eISBN:
- 9780191741449
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199575480.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
A Wesleyan Methodist revival in Cornwall in 1849 illustrates the extent to which awakenings were spontaneous or planned. It took place in the town of Penzance and the adjacent fishing villages of ...
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A Wesleyan Methodist revival in Cornwall in 1849 illustrates the extent to which awakenings were spontaneous or planned. It took place in the town of Penzance and the adjacent fishing villages of Mousehole and Newlyn. Economic circumstances played no discernible part in the genesis of the episode, but anxieties about death did. Methodist piety prepared the way and the superintendent minister both anticipated revival and managed it when it came. In Penzance the awakening appealed to the young people of respectable families, but in each of the fishing villages the whole community was moved to greater exuberance. There was far more planning in Penzance than in Mousehole and Newlyn.Less
A Wesleyan Methodist revival in Cornwall in 1849 illustrates the extent to which awakenings were spontaneous or planned. It took place in the town of Penzance and the adjacent fishing villages of Mousehole and Newlyn. Economic circumstances played no discernible part in the genesis of the episode, but anxieties about death did. Methodist piety prepared the way and the superintendent minister both anticipated revival and managed it when it came. In Penzance the awakening appealed to the young people of respectable families, but in each of the fishing villages the whole community was moved to greater exuberance. There was far more planning in Penzance than in Mousehole and Newlyn.
Jonathan Bradshaw, Emese Mayhew, Shirley Dex, Heather Joshi, and Kelly Ward
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346889
- eISBN:
- 9781447301783
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346889.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
Probably one of the single most important elements of a child's origins that affect their development and subsequent life chances is the family's economic circumstances. This chapter reviews the ...
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Probably one of the single most important elements of a child's origins that affect their development and subsequent life chances is the family's economic circumstances. This chapter reviews the socioeconomic human capital of parents of Millennium Cohort babies and considers families' financial resources. It examines the extent of families living in poverty at the start of the cohort child's life and the family characteristics associated with living in poverty are described. Measuring poverty involves discussing how to assess poverty using income and relative poverty measures available in the data. The chapter also includes an examination of how families feel their financial circumstances changed over the time of having this birth. Finally, it considers the contribution to family resources and relationships of wider kin, in the form of grandparents who are part of babies' social, relationship and financial capitals at the start of their lives.Less
Probably one of the single most important elements of a child's origins that affect their development and subsequent life chances is the family's economic circumstances. This chapter reviews the socioeconomic human capital of parents of Millennium Cohort babies and considers families' financial resources. It examines the extent of families living in poverty at the start of the cohort child's life and the family characteristics associated with living in poverty are described. Measuring poverty involves discussing how to assess poverty using income and relative poverty measures available in the data. The chapter also includes an examination of how families feel their financial circumstances changed over the time of having this birth. Finally, it considers the contribution to family resources and relationships of wider kin, in the form of grandparents who are part of babies' social, relationship and financial capitals at the start of their lives.
Kathleen Kiernan and Fiona Mensah
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847424761
- eISBN:
- 9781447301790
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847424761.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter explores the consequences of divorce and remarriage for British children both in the short and the long term (see Kiernan, 1997; Rogers and Pryor, 1998) and the potential consequences ...
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This chapter explores the consequences of divorce and remarriage for British children both in the short and the long term (see Kiernan, 1997; Rogers and Pryor, 1998) and the potential consequences for children of being born into different family settings and whether subsequent family trajectories matter. It starts by looking at changes over the first five years of the children's lives and maps the family trajectories of children born into four different settings: to married parents, cohabiting parents, to solo mothers who were in a relationship with the father at the time of the birth, and to those who were not in a relationship at that time. It also examines the trajectories for mothers from different ethnic groups, given there is a good deal of ethnic diversity in the parental context within which children are born. It discusses the frequent accompaniments to family transitions involving changes in the economic circumstances of families and in the emotional well-being of the parents and children.Less
This chapter explores the consequences of divorce and remarriage for British children both in the short and the long term (see Kiernan, 1997; Rogers and Pryor, 1998) and the potential consequences for children of being born into different family settings and whether subsequent family trajectories matter. It starts by looking at changes over the first five years of the children's lives and maps the family trajectories of children born into four different settings: to married parents, cohabiting parents, to solo mothers who were in a relationship with the father at the time of the birth, and to those who were not in a relationship at that time. It also examines the trajectories for mothers from different ethnic groups, given there is a good deal of ethnic diversity in the parental context within which children are born. It discusses the frequent accompaniments to family transitions involving changes in the economic circumstances of families and in the emotional well-being of the parents and children.
Mokal et
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198799931
- eISBN:
- 9780191864759
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198799931.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law
This chapter presents four examples of how the Modular Approach could be designed and implemented in specific economic, institutional, and socio-economic frameworks. The country examples are ...
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This chapter presents four examples of how the Modular Approach could be designed and implemented in specific economic, institutional, and socio-economic frameworks. The country examples are fictional countries, but the factual background for each example is drawn from common characteristics of jurisdictions in the region. They illustrate how specific module choices can be made to create a fair, effective, and efficient MSME insolvency system. The first example is a European developed economy; the second is an Asia-Pacific newly industrialized economy; the third is an African emerging nation; and, finally, there is a European emerging nation country example, which could also apply to a central Asian emerging nation. These country examples are not proposing the optimal combination of modules; rather, they are to illustrate the types of choices that could be made, given particular socio-economic, financial, and institutional circumstances.Less
This chapter presents four examples of how the Modular Approach could be designed and implemented in specific economic, institutional, and socio-economic frameworks. The country examples are fictional countries, but the factual background for each example is drawn from common characteristics of jurisdictions in the region. They illustrate how specific module choices can be made to create a fair, effective, and efficient MSME insolvency system. The first example is a European developed economy; the second is an Asia-Pacific newly industrialized economy; the third is an African emerging nation; and, finally, there is a European emerging nation country example, which could also apply to a central Asian emerging nation. These country examples are not proposing the optimal combination of modules; rather, they are to illustrate the types of choices that could be made, given particular socio-economic, financial, and institutional circumstances.
