Angela H. Arthington
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780520273696
- eISBN:
- 9780520953451
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520273696.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
Environmental flow assessments take place in many different management contexts, at various spatial scales, within different biophysical systems, and in contrasting socioeconomic and political ...
More
Environmental flow assessments take place in many different management contexts, at various spatial scales, within different biophysical systems, and in contrasting socioeconomic and political settings. These settings and circumstances have a strong bearing on the scope for provision of an environmental flow regime and the methods most suited to achieving the desired ecological outcomes. This chapter describes techniques for assessing environmental flow requirements for rivers. They range from the simplistic use of available hydrologic records to establish minimum and flushing flows to sophisticated modeling procedures that link changes in river discharge with geomorphological and ecological responses at species, community, and ecosystem scales. Hydrological methods include the Montana (Tennant) method, flow duration curve analysis, Range of Variability Approach (RVA), and flow translucency approach.Less
Environmental flow assessments take place in many different management contexts, at various spatial scales, within different biophysical systems, and in contrasting socioeconomic and political settings. These settings and circumstances have a strong bearing on the scope for provision of an environmental flow regime and the methods most suited to achieving the desired ecological outcomes. This chapter describes techniques for assessing environmental flow requirements for rivers. They range from the simplistic use of available hydrologic records to establish minimum and flushing flows to sophisticated modeling procedures that link changes in river discharge with geomorphological and ecological responses at species, community, and ecosystem scales. Hydrological methods include the Montana (Tennant) method, flow duration curve analysis, Range of Variability Approach (RVA), and flow translucency approach.
John Avise
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231160605
- eISBN:
- 9780231531450
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231160605.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
Covering both the internal and external incubation of offspring, this book provides a survey of the natural history, ecology, genetics and evolution of pregnancy-like phenomena. It covers a wide ...
More
Covering both the internal and external incubation of offspring, this book provides a survey of the natural history, ecology, genetics and evolution of pregnancy-like phenomena. It covers a wide variety of pregnancies in a wide range of creatures: from mammals and other live-bearing organisms to viviparous reptiles, male-pregnant fishes, larval-brooding worms, crabs, sea cucumbers, and corals. It highlights the multifaceted ways in which the world's various species display pregnancy and other forms of parental devotion. It describes how an adult female (or male) can incubate its offspring in a womb, stomach, mouth, vocal sac, gill chamber, epithelial pouch, backpack, leg pocket, or nest. By studying these diverse examples of pregnancy from a comparative vantage point, the book clearly shows the ecological and evolutionary-genetic outcomes of different reproductive models. It discusses each mode of pregnancy and the decipherable genetic signatures each has left on the reproductive structures, physiologies, and innate sexual behaviors of extant species. By considering the many biological aspects of gestation from different evolutionary angles, the book offers new insights into the significance of “heavy” parental investment in progeny.Less
Covering both the internal and external incubation of offspring, this book provides a survey of the natural history, ecology, genetics and evolution of pregnancy-like phenomena. It covers a wide variety of pregnancies in a wide range of creatures: from mammals and other live-bearing organisms to viviparous reptiles, male-pregnant fishes, larval-brooding worms, crabs, sea cucumbers, and corals. It highlights the multifaceted ways in which the world's various species display pregnancy and other forms of parental devotion. It describes how an adult female (or male) can incubate its offspring in a womb, stomach, mouth, vocal sac, gill chamber, epithelial pouch, backpack, leg pocket, or nest. By studying these diverse examples of pregnancy from a comparative vantage point, the book clearly shows the ecological and evolutionary-genetic outcomes of different reproductive models. It discusses each mode of pregnancy and the decipherable genetic signatures each has left on the reproductive structures, physiologies, and innate sexual behaviors of extant species. By considering the many biological aspects of gestation from different evolutionary angles, the book offers new insights into the significance of “heavy” parental investment in progeny.
