Crawford Gribben
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195325317
- eISBN:
- 9780199785605
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325317.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter documents Irish Cromwellian debates about the possibility of the extraordinary. This debate cut across the emerging denominational structures, as preachers and theologians debated the ...
More
This chapter documents Irish Cromwellian debates about the possibility of the extraordinary. This debate cut across the emerging denominational structures, as preachers and theologians debated the orthodoxy of miracles, prophecies, and the certainty of answered prayer. This debate highlighted the eclecticism at the heart of the Cromwellian reformation, as prominent clergy developed a spirituality that was apparently at odds with their scholastic puritan heritage.Less
This chapter documents Irish Cromwellian debates about the possibility of the extraordinary. This debate cut across the emerging denominational structures, as preachers and theologians debated the orthodoxy of miracles, prophecies, and the certainty of answered prayer. This debate highlighted the eclecticism at the heart of the Cromwellian reformation, as prominent clergy developed a spirituality that was apparently at odds with their scholastic puritan heritage.
Arndt Sorge
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199278909
- eISBN:
- 9780191706820
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199278909.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
Globalization or internationalization is derived as a theme that grows out of the dilemma of social action; implies paradox throughout; and requires a blend of general social theory, middle-range ...
More
Globalization or internationalization is derived as a theme that grows out of the dilemma of social action; implies paradox throughout; and requires a blend of general social theory, middle-range theories from diverse fields, and historical attention to time and place-specific details. The evolution of Germany is a suggestive case in point, as a belated nation that has been an early inter-nation. An overview of the argument of the book is provided.Less
Globalization or internationalization is derived as a theme that grows out of the dilemma of social action; implies paradox throughout; and requires a blend of general social theory, middle-range theories from diverse fields, and historical attention to time and place-specific details. The evolution of Germany is a suggestive case in point, as a belated nation that has been an early inter-nation. An overview of the argument of the book is provided.
Arndt Sorge
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199278909
- eISBN:
- 9780191706820
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199278909.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
This last chapter sums up the basic message and draws some conclusions. Rather than opposing convergence and divergence, how supranational convergence breeds new local divergence should be explained. ...
More
This last chapter sums up the basic message and draws some conclusions. Rather than opposing convergence and divergence, how supranational convergence breeds new local divergence should be explained. The impact of international developments is always mediated by local institutions and culture, and the latter may become more distinctive through the former. Previous processes of internationalization set the scene for the local fashioning of more recent processes. Recombination is the rule, and any national ‘model’ of any time is the result of earlier recombinations of opposed tendencies. The institutions associated with the South Germanic bedrock and coordinated market economies, specifically, are viable by recombination, as institutions invariably are. They should not be blamed for the handling of German unification — a unique phenomenon in the world — handled with a mixture of heroism and blunders, the latter mainly with respect to the distribution of the social security and employment policy financial burden.Less
This last chapter sums up the basic message and draws some conclusions. Rather than opposing convergence and divergence, how supranational convergence breeds new local divergence should be explained. The impact of international developments is always mediated by local institutions and culture, and the latter may become more distinctive through the former. Previous processes of internationalization set the scene for the local fashioning of more recent processes. Recombination is the rule, and any national ‘model’ of any time is the result of earlier recombinations of opposed tendencies. The institutions associated with the South Germanic bedrock and coordinated market economies, specifically, are viable by recombination, as institutions invariably are. They should not be blamed for the handling of German unification — a unique phenomenon in the world — handled with a mixture of heroism and blunders, the latter mainly with respect to the distribution of the social security and employment policy financial burden.
Martin Ceadel
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199571161
- eISBN:
- 9780191721762
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571161.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, International Relations and Politics
This chapter reveals how the tensions in Angell's thought caused him to be associated with contradictory viewpoints on different sides of the Atlantic. Visiting America (May 1915–May 1916) he came to ...
More
This chapter reveals how the tensions in Angell's thought caused him to be associated with contradictory viewpoints on different sides of the Atlantic. Visiting America (May 1915–May 1916) he came to be regarded there as an advocate of military intervention against Germany, his ideas being taken seriously by President Wilson. Returning to Britain (May 1916–July 1917), probably to declare himself a conscientious objector (though he turned out to be above conscription age), he was regarded as pacifist and subversive; and with little to lose he espoused socialism and called for a democratically elected ‘parliament of the allies’ to discuss the post-war settlement. During a second sojourn in the United States (July 1917–December 1918) he consorted mainly with the left, which meant that his work for the league-of-nations movement had to be carried out behind the scenes. His ideological eclecticism — he flirted with liberal-internationalist, radical-isolationist, socialist, and pacifist ideas, whilst also promoting his ‘illusion’ thesis — reached its peak.Less
This chapter reveals how the tensions in Angell's thought caused him to be associated with contradictory viewpoints on different sides of the Atlantic. Visiting America (May 1915–May 1916) he came to be regarded there as an advocate of military intervention against Germany, his ideas being taken seriously by President Wilson. Returning to Britain (May 1916–July 1917), probably to declare himself a conscientious objector (though he turned out to be above conscription age), he was regarded as pacifist and subversive; and with little to lose he espoused socialism and called for a democratically elected ‘parliament of the allies’ to discuss the post-war settlement. During a second sojourn in the United States (July 1917–December 1918) he consorted mainly with the left, which meant that his work for the league-of-nations movement had to be carried out behind the scenes. His ideological eclecticism — he flirted with liberal-internationalist, radical-isolationist, socialist, and pacifist ideas, whilst also promoting his ‘illusion’ thesis — reached its peak.
Charles King
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197262948
- eISBN:
- 9780191734762
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197262948.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter attempts to provide a ‘reader’s guide’ to nationalism in British politics. It explores some of the major trends in the British study of nationalism and relates these to broader ...
More
This chapter attempts to provide a ‘reader’s guide’ to nationalism in British politics. It explores some of the major trends in the British study of nationalism and relates these to broader substantive and methodological concerns within the social sciences. The chapter focuses on most important comparative and conceptual studies of nationalism as a general political and historical phenomenon, rather than research limited to particular countries or periods. The defining features of British political studies, including a respect for methodological eclecticism and historically grounded research, have made British writers uniquely attuned to the importance of nationalism at times when many of their American colleagues dismissed it as the residuum of retarded modernization. The chapter concludes with some reflections on possible future directions for research and modest proposals for thinking about the study of nationalism and its relationship to broader debates within political science.Less
This chapter attempts to provide a ‘reader’s guide’ to nationalism in British politics. It explores some of the major trends in the British study of nationalism and relates these to broader substantive and methodological concerns within the social sciences. The chapter focuses on most important comparative and conceptual studies of nationalism as a general political and historical phenomenon, rather than research limited to particular countries or periods. The defining features of British political studies, including a respect for methodological eclecticism and historically grounded research, have made British writers uniquely attuned to the importance of nationalism at times when many of their American colleagues dismissed it as the residuum of retarded modernization. The chapter concludes with some reflections on possible future directions for research and modest proposals for thinking about the study of nationalism and its relationship to broader debates within political science.
Steven Huebner
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195189544
- eISBN:
- 9780199868476
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189544.003.0014
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This chapter focuses on Saint-SaËns's opera, Henry VIII. It is argued that Henry VIII became the composer's second most popular operatic work but its appearances at the Opéra were sporadic until ...
More
This chapter focuses on Saint-SaËns's opera, Henry VIII. It is argued that Henry VIII became the composer's second most popular operatic work but its appearances at the Opéra were sporadic until 1917, when it fell from the repertory. Rejuvenation of grand opera through a synthesis of leitmotif and a melodic style indebted to Gounod became understood in many quarters as merely another manifestation of eclecticism.Less
This chapter focuses on Saint-SaËns's opera, Henry VIII. It is argued that Henry VIII became the composer's second most popular operatic work but its appearances at the Opéra were sporadic until 1917, when it fell from the repertory. Rejuvenation of grand opera through a synthesis of leitmotif and a melodic style indebted to Gounod became understood in many quarters as merely another manifestation of eclecticism.
A. W. Price
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263204
- eISBN:
- 9780191734205
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263204.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
Richard Hare's ambition was to have united elements from Aristotle, Kant and Mill in a logically cogent way that solved the fundamental problems of ethics (though with unfinished business); and he ...
More
Richard Hare's ambition was to have united elements from Aristotle, Kant and Mill in a logically cogent way that solved the fundamental problems of ethics (though with unfinished business); and he usually believed himself to have achieved this. For much of his career, his ‘prescriptivism’ formed an important part of the curriculum, certainly in Britain. His disappointment was not to have persuaded others (an occasional ‘we prescriptivists’ was always uncertain of reference), and to have left no disciples; he once told John Lucas that this made his life a failure. Yet he leaves behind generations of pupils grateful for the transmission not of a doctrine but of a discipline; and posterity, while unlikely to ratify the logical validity of his theory, will admire it for its uniting of apparent opposites: freedom and reason, tradition and rationalism, eclecticism and rigour.Less
Richard Hare's ambition was to have united elements from Aristotle, Kant and Mill in a logically cogent way that solved the fundamental problems of ethics (though with unfinished business); and he usually believed himself to have achieved this. For much of his career, his ‘prescriptivism’ formed an important part of the curriculum, certainly in Britain. His disappointment was not to have persuaded others (an occasional ‘we prescriptivists’ was always uncertain of reference), and to have left no disciples; he once told John Lucas that this made his life a failure. Yet he leaves behind generations of pupils grateful for the transmission not of a doctrine but of a discipline; and posterity, while unlikely to ratify the logical validity of his theory, will admire it for its uniting of apparent opposites: freedom and reason, tradition and rationalism, eclecticism and rigour.
Hugh B. Urban
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195139013
- eISBN:
- 9780199871674
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195139011.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The collection of “Mint Sayings” (Ṭyāṅkśālī) for which translations are presented in this chapter was compiled in 1902 by Manulāl Miśra, a Kartābhajā author who tried to systematize this ortherwise ...
More
The collection of “Mint Sayings” (Ṭyāṅkśālī) for which translations are presented in this chapter was compiled in 1902 by Manulāl Miśra, a Kartābhajā author who tried to systematize this ortherwise wildly eclectic and confusing esoteric tradition of the Kartābhajās (a Bengali sect devoted to Tantra in colonial Calcutta). The sayings are intentionally obscure, enigmatic, and in a deliberately confusing form, and are clearly designed to mislead and befuddle the uninitiated outsider. They have no written commentary of their own and are intended to be transmitted in the secret oral context of a master‐disciple relationship. The value of the sayings does not appear to lie in their meaning or content; indeed, they often appear quite intentionally meaningless and absurd, but rather in their form and the ways in which they are exchanged. Miśra explains that the sayings are called “mint” sayings precisely because this secret discourse operates much in the same way as a physical mint. Just as a mint transforms ordinary metals into legal currency, so too the Mint language transmutes ordinary words into highly valued commodities, which can be exchanged in the secret marketplace, which is the Kartābhajā sect itself.Less
The collection of “Mint Sayings” (Ṭyāṅkśālī) for which translations are presented in this chapter was compiled in 1902 by Manulāl Miśra, a Kartābhajā author who tried to systematize this ortherwise wildly eclectic and confusing esoteric tradition of the Kartābhajās (a Bengali sect devoted to Tantra in colonial Calcutta). The sayings are intentionally obscure, enigmatic, and in a deliberately confusing form, and are clearly designed to mislead and befuddle the uninitiated outsider. They have no written commentary of their own and are intended to be transmitted in the secret oral context of a master‐disciple relationship. The value of the sayings does not appear to lie in their meaning or content; indeed, they often appear quite intentionally meaningless and absurd, but rather in their form and the ways in which they are exchanged. Miśra explains that the sayings are called “mint” sayings precisely because this secret discourse operates much in the same way as a physical mint. Just as a mint transforms ordinary metals into legal currency, so too the Mint language transmutes ordinary words into highly valued commodities, which can be exchanged in the secret marketplace, which is the Kartābhajā sect itself.
JULIAN WRIGHT
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199264889
- eISBN:
- 9780191718380
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199264889.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This book provides the conceptual framework for a rediscovery of regionalism in France. The occultation of regionalism persists today despite its reappearance in some academic fields. Where ...
More
This book provides the conceptual framework for a rediscovery of regionalism in France. The occultation of regionalism persists today despite its reappearance in some academic fields. Where regionalism has reemerged as a subject worthy of study, two developments in particular have helped to shed light on it. The revival of ethnology in the late 1970s had a strong influence, inclining contemporary students of folklore to take greater account of their predecessors in the Belle Époque. The second development that has drawn new attention to Belle Époque regionalism has been the success of cultural history, and in particular one of its central paradigms, the ‘construction of identity’. This book looks at the occultation of regionalism in French history and the history of the French political thought, the political ideas of Jean Charles-Brun and the role of Fédération Régionaliste Française (FRF) which he founded in 1900, the link between regionalism and the right, and the association between regionalist movement and political eclecticism.Less
This book provides the conceptual framework for a rediscovery of regionalism in France. The occultation of regionalism persists today despite its reappearance in some academic fields. Where regionalism has reemerged as a subject worthy of study, two developments in particular have helped to shed light on it. The revival of ethnology in the late 1970s had a strong influence, inclining contemporary students of folklore to take greater account of their predecessors in the Belle Époque. The second development that has drawn new attention to Belle Époque regionalism has been the success of cultural history, and in particular one of its central paradigms, the ‘construction of identity’. This book looks at the occultation of regionalism in French history and the history of the French political thought, the political ideas of Jean Charles-Brun and the role of Fédération Régionaliste Française (FRF) which he founded in 1900, the link between regionalism and the right, and the association between regionalist movement and political eclecticism.
Henry E. Allison
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199691531
- eISBN:
- 9780191731808
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199691531.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter examines two major challenges to Kant’s project of providing the foundation for a future metaphysics of morals: the Wolffian universal practical philosophy and the popular moral ...
More
This chapter examines two major challenges to Kant’s project of providing the foundation for a future metaphysics of morals: the Wolffian universal practical philosophy and the popular moral philosophy associated primarily with Garve. It argues that Kant’s concern with the former was that it might be assumed that to have already offered a metaphysics of morals, thereby rendering his superfluous and that he responded by pointing out that, since it concerned with what is common to all intentional action (practice), it ignores what pertains distinctively to morality. It also argues that Kant’s main concern was with the latter, because its empiricism, eudaemonism, and eclecticism precluded both the need for and the possibility of a metaphysics of morals. It further argues that Kant’s main target was Garve’s translation of and commentary on Cicero’s De officiis.Less
This chapter examines two major challenges to Kant’s project of providing the foundation for a future metaphysics of morals: the Wolffian universal practical philosophy and the popular moral philosophy associated primarily with Garve. It argues that Kant’s concern with the former was that it might be assumed that to have already offered a metaphysics of morals, thereby rendering his superfluous and that he responded by pointing out that, since it concerned with what is common to all intentional action (practice), it ignores what pertains distinctively to morality. It also argues that Kant’s main concern was with the latter, because its empiricism, eudaemonism, and eclecticism precluded both the need for and the possibility of a metaphysics of morals. It further argues that Kant’s main target was Garve’s translation of and commentary on Cicero’s De officiis.
Katherine Baber
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780252042379
- eISBN:
- 9780252051210
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252042379.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
For Leonard Bernstein, music was a language capable of communicating more directly than in words, and jazz was a crucial part of his musical vocabulary. As an idiom made up of a range of ...
More
For Leonard Bernstein, music was a language capable of communicating more directly than in words, and jazz was a crucial part of his musical vocabulary. As an idiom made up of a range of styles--whether stride, boogie-woogie, swing, bebop, or cool--jazz was central to Bernstein’s compositional aesthetic, particularly in his approach to tonality and to defining American music. The blues, as a special part of this jazz idiom, also helped Bernstein articulate a personal identity, expressing everything from sensuality to humor to loss and isolation. This book will examine the shifting meanings of Bernstein’s jazz language in theatrical and symphonic works from across his career. His commitment to jazz in works like On the Town, West Side Story, and Mass also demonstrates Bernstein’s conviction that music could be socially engaged and that jazz was one of the most effective means of engagement. The plurality of jazz styles in Bernstein’s music resonates with many of America’s most significant political and cultural questions, including shifts in the relationship between African American and Jewish American identities. The language of jazz helped Bernstein find a voice in the political and musical senses and continually rearticulate his own American musical identity.Less
For Leonard Bernstein, music was a language capable of communicating more directly than in words, and jazz was a crucial part of his musical vocabulary. As an idiom made up of a range of styles--whether stride, boogie-woogie, swing, bebop, or cool--jazz was central to Bernstein’s compositional aesthetic, particularly in his approach to tonality and to defining American music. The blues, as a special part of this jazz idiom, also helped Bernstein articulate a personal identity, expressing everything from sensuality to humor to loss and isolation. This book will examine the shifting meanings of Bernstein’s jazz language in theatrical and symphonic works from across his career. His commitment to jazz in works like On the Town, West Side Story, and Mass also demonstrates Bernstein’s conviction that music could be socially engaged and that jazz was one of the most effective means of engagement. The plurality of jazz styles in Bernstein’s music resonates with many of America’s most significant political and cultural questions, including shifts in the relationship between African American and Jewish American identities. The language of jazz helped Bernstein find a voice in the political and musical senses and continually rearticulate his own American musical identity.
D. C. Greetham
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198119937
- eISBN:
- 9780191671265
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198119937.003.0010
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter focuses on the changing status of the sociology of text during the last decade or so to show that textual theory and practice reflect the prevailing cultural dominants. It further ...
More
This chapter focuses on the changing status of the sociology of text during the last decade or so to show that textual theory and practice reflect the prevailing cultural dominants. It further discusses the evolution of text in relation to the societal evolution and in light of the various social theories. Eclecticism was described as a cognitive system of representation, whereby the subject – in this case both the editor and the reader of the edition – freely internalized an appropriate ‘picture’ of the phenomenological and cultural world. Ideology in this sense of a mode of cognition shared by a culture is obviously much more effective as a shaper of behaviour and thought than a system of legal constraints would be. The chapter also points out exemplary moments in the history of Marxist thought where the concerns of textuality as understood by editors and textual scholars finds significant expression, as well as a discussion of social textual criticism.Less
This chapter focuses on the changing status of the sociology of text during the last decade or so to show that textual theory and practice reflect the prevailing cultural dominants. It further discusses the evolution of text in relation to the societal evolution and in light of the various social theories. Eclecticism was described as a cognitive system of representation, whereby the subject – in this case both the editor and the reader of the edition – freely internalized an appropriate ‘picture’ of the phenomenological and cultural world. Ideology in this sense of a mode of cognition shared by a culture is obviously much more effective as a shaper of behaviour and thought than a system of legal constraints would be. The chapter also points out exemplary moments in the history of Marxist thought where the concerns of textuality as understood by editors and textual scholars finds significant expression, as well as a discussion of social textual criticism.
D. C. Greetham
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198119937
- eISBN:
- 9780191671265
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198119937.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
The chapter presents a discussion of the different theories dealing with the forms of the text in an attempt to mediate the gap between intrinsic ‘form’ and extrinsic ‘reality’ and in an attempt to ...
More
The chapter presents a discussion of the different theories dealing with the forms of the text in an attempt to mediate the gap between intrinsic ‘form’ and extrinsic ‘reality’ and in an attempt to determine how a text accommodates and is accommodated by the pressures of both its historical context and the subsequent history of its social reception. The chapter goes on to discuss the different theories and thoughts, including the New Bibliography and New criticism, which the author considers as exemplary modernist practices; Eclecticism practised by the Greg–Bowers school; and the Modernist and Post-Modernist textual practice, including importing citations and congruences.Less
The chapter presents a discussion of the different theories dealing with the forms of the text in an attempt to mediate the gap between intrinsic ‘form’ and extrinsic ‘reality’ and in an attempt to determine how a text accommodates and is accommodated by the pressures of both its historical context and the subsequent history of its social reception. The chapter goes on to discuss the different theories and thoughts, including the New Bibliography and New criticism, which the author considers as exemplary modernist practices; Eclecticism practised by the Greg–Bowers school; and the Modernist and Post-Modernist textual practice, including importing citations and congruences.
Kelly Joan Whitmer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226243771
- eISBN:
- 9780226243801
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226243801.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Observing at the Orphanage uncovers the crucial contributions of Halle’s Orphanage to the broader scientific enterprise of the early eighteenth century. Founded by a group of German Lutherans known ...
More
Observing at the Orphanage uncovers the crucial contributions of Halle’s Orphanage to the broader scientific enterprise of the early eighteenth century. Founded by a group of German Lutherans known as Pietists in 1695, this Orphanage became the showplace of a “universal seminar” that was affiliated with the newly founded University of Halle and the Berlin Academy of Sciences, forged lasting connections with Tsar Peter the Great and later became the headquarters of the world’s first Protestant mission to India. Yet, due to its reputation as a ‘Pietist’ enclave inhabited mainly by young people, the Orphanage has not been taken seriously as a scientific community. Using a variety of underutilized materials from the organization’s archive, Observing shows how those involved as teachers and pupils refined a range of experimental and observational procedures using material models and instruments and endeavoured to turn eclecticism into a scientific methodology. It calls into question a longstanding tendency to view German Pietists as anti-science and anti-Enlightenment and situates the Orphanage within an ambitious series of schemes for social and educational reform designed to confront the unfriendly culture of disputation still associated with German universities. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and his friend, mathematician E. W. von Tschirnhaus, produced some of these schemes and considered the founding of Halle’s Orphanage to be in step with their efforts to promote a new culture of public science centred on the school, wherein cadres of skilled scientific observers pursued collaborative research immersed an atmosphere of friendship and mutual respect.Less
Observing at the Orphanage uncovers the crucial contributions of Halle’s Orphanage to the broader scientific enterprise of the early eighteenth century. Founded by a group of German Lutherans known as Pietists in 1695, this Orphanage became the showplace of a “universal seminar” that was affiliated with the newly founded University of Halle and the Berlin Academy of Sciences, forged lasting connections with Tsar Peter the Great and later became the headquarters of the world’s first Protestant mission to India. Yet, due to its reputation as a ‘Pietist’ enclave inhabited mainly by young people, the Orphanage has not been taken seriously as a scientific community. Using a variety of underutilized materials from the organization’s archive, Observing shows how those involved as teachers and pupils refined a range of experimental and observational procedures using material models and instruments and endeavoured to turn eclecticism into a scientific methodology. It calls into question a longstanding tendency to view German Pietists as anti-science and anti-Enlightenment and situates the Orphanage within an ambitious series of schemes for social and educational reform designed to confront the unfriendly culture of disputation still associated with German universities. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and his friend, mathematician E. W. von Tschirnhaus, produced some of these schemes and considered the founding of Halle’s Orphanage to be in step with their efforts to promote a new culture of public science centred on the school, wherein cadres of skilled scientific observers pursued collaborative research immersed an atmosphere of friendship and mutual respect.
Mark Tushnet
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199226474
- eISBN:
- 9780191706707
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226474.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Comparative Law
The traditions of constitutional interpretation in the United States make it possible, and indeed relatively easy, to use interpretation as the vehicle for constitutional adaptation. The distinction ...
More
The traditions of constitutional interpretation in the United States make it possible, and indeed relatively easy, to use interpretation as the vehicle for constitutional adaptation. The distinction between interpretation and alteration is accordingly quite thin. The interpretive traditions are decidedly eclectic. Interpretation relies on the words of the text as understood when they were made part of the constitution, general propositions about how institutional arrangements promote constitutionalism, ideas about the values of democracy and individual autonomy, and much more. This chapter looks at the U.S. constitution, its origins and structure, formation, and basis, as well as the legislature and the executive, the Supreme Court, constitutional amendment, problems and methods of constitutional interpretation, early examples of constitutional interpretation, considerations of administrability, (moderately) disfavoured interpretive methods, presumptive interpretation, preferred interpretive techniques, and eclecticism in practice.Less
The traditions of constitutional interpretation in the United States make it possible, and indeed relatively easy, to use interpretation as the vehicle for constitutional adaptation. The distinction between interpretation and alteration is accordingly quite thin. The interpretive traditions are decidedly eclectic. Interpretation relies on the words of the text as understood when they were made part of the constitution, general propositions about how institutional arrangements promote constitutionalism, ideas about the values of democracy and individual autonomy, and much more. This chapter looks at the U.S. constitution, its origins and structure, formation, and basis, as well as the legislature and the executive, the Supreme Court, constitutional amendment, problems and methods of constitutional interpretation, early examples of constitutional interpretation, considerations of administrability, (moderately) disfavoured interpretive methods, presumptive interpretation, preferred interpretive techniques, and eclecticism in practice.
Samuel Fleischacker
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199217366
- eISBN:
- 9780191728495
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199217366.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
Moral philosophers differ a great deal over how we should act, but this chapter maintains that those differences can be finessed if we allow moral reasoning to consist properly, as it consists in ...
More
Moral philosophers differ a great deal over how we should act, but this chapter maintains that those differences can be finessed if we allow moral reasoning to consist properly, as it consists in fact, of an eclectic grab-bag of different modes of argument, in which a concrete prescription is best defended if it can be given grounds from utilitarian, Kantian, intuitionist and other moral perspectives simultaneously. Indeed, it makes sense to suppose that a social contract on how to reason morally—an “overlapping consensus” on morality, to use a Rawlsian phrase—would endorse our arguing for moral claims in such an eclectic way: precisely so that we can avoid settling definitively the nature of our highest good, an issue of supreme importance to us but on which we differ irremediably. Such a social contract will necessarily finesse religious views of our higher good along with secular ones. Our moral prescriptions will therefore not depend on religious commitment.Less
Moral philosophers differ a great deal over how we should act, but this chapter maintains that those differences can be finessed if we allow moral reasoning to consist properly, as it consists in fact, of an eclectic grab-bag of different modes of argument, in which a concrete prescription is best defended if it can be given grounds from utilitarian, Kantian, intuitionist and other moral perspectives simultaneously. Indeed, it makes sense to suppose that a social contract on how to reason morally—an “overlapping consensus” on morality, to use a Rawlsian phrase—would endorse our arguing for moral claims in such an eclectic way: precisely so that we can avoid settling definitively the nature of our highest good, an issue of supreme importance to us but on which we differ irremediably. Such a social contract will necessarily finesse religious views of our higher good along with secular ones. Our moral prescriptions will therefore not depend on religious commitment.
Daniel J. Levine
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199916061
- eISBN:
- 9780199980246
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199916061.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Mirroring the case study format developed in the previous two chapters, discussion is extended to “individualist” liberal IR theory: the work of Ernst Haas, Keohane and Nye, and Katzenstein and Sil.
Mirroring the case study format developed in the previous two chapters, discussion is extended to “individualist” liberal IR theory: the work of Ernst Haas, Keohane and Nye, and Katzenstein and Sil.
Veronika Fuechtner
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520258372
- eISBN:
- 9780520950382
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520258372.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter discusses the ideas perceived by the Freudian psychoanalytic associations as marginal because of their theoretical eclecticism. The relationship of the self-declared “wild analyst” Georg ...
More
This chapter discusses the ideas perceived by the Freudian psychoanalytic associations as marginal because of their theoretical eclecticism. The relationship of the self-declared “wild analyst” Georg Groddeck to the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute provides a marginal perspective both geographically and theoretically. Psychoanalysts considered his psychoanalytic thought to be pathbreaking, but the majority labeled it as unscientific and outside the bounds of Freudian psychoanalysis. Groddeck's complex relationship with the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute and to Freudian psychoanalysis reflects his trajectory from spa medicine to “wild psychoanalysis.” Groddeck introduced himself to Freud by letter in May 1917. He defended his initial rejection of psychoanalysis as being a result of his own sense of competition — reading Freud's work would have destroyed his own claim to originality. Groddeck sought Freud's opinion on whether his work transgressed the “limits of psychoanalytic activity.”Less
This chapter discusses the ideas perceived by the Freudian psychoanalytic associations as marginal because of their theoretical eclecticism. The relationship of the self-declared “wild analyst” Georg Groddeck to the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute provides a marginal perspective both geographically and theoretically. Psychoanalysts considered his psychoanalytic thought to be pathbreaking, but the majority labeled it as unscientific and outside the bounds of Freudian psychoanalysis. Groddeck's complex relationship with the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute and to Freudian psychoanalysis reflects his trajectory from spa medicine to “wild psychoanalysis.” Groddeck introduced himself to Freud by letter in May 1917. He defended his initial rejection of psychoanalysis as being a result of his own sense of competition — reading Freud's work would have destroyed his own claim to originality. Groddeck sought Freud's opinion on whether his work transgressed the “limits of psychoanalytic activity.”
Belsey Catherine
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748633012
- eISBN:
- 9780748652235
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748633012.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Shakespeare Studies
Practice puts theory to the test. New Criticism, the ruling orthodoxy in the USA, made far less impact in the UK, where the only serious debates happened between the old historicism and a ...
More
Practice puts theory to the test. New Criticism, the ruling orthodoxy in the USA, made far less impact in the UK, where the only serious debates happened between the old historicism and a sanctimonious appeal to literature as the source of timeless moral truths. Theory casts light on the activity of reading itself and, in the process, transforms the practice it illuminates. ‘Eclecticism’ was held to be a thought crime, indicating shallowness, uncertain allegiance and the mind of a dilettante. Topics that recur in this volume include the access to history, psychoanalysis as a theory of both meaning and love, as well as the relationship between signification and desire as it illuminates the way texts address their readers or audiences.Less
Practice puts theory to the test. New Criticism, the ruling orthodoxy in the USA, made far less impact in the UK, where the only serious debates happened between the old historicism and a sanctimonious appeal to literature as the source of timeless moral truths. Theory casts light on the activity of reading itself and, in the process, transforms the practice it illuminates. ‘Eclecticism’ was held to be a thought crime, indicating shallowness, uncertain allegiance and the mind of a dilettante. Topics that recur in this volume include the access to history, psychoanalysis as a theory of both meaning and love, as well as the relationship between signification and desire as it illuminates the way texts address their readers or audiences.
Jann Pasler
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520257405
- eISBN:
- 9780520943872
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520257405.003.0011
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition
This chapter takes a look at symbolic unity and the contribution of music to the 1889 Universal Exhibition. This exhibition testified to the power of liberal republicanism, confirmed the value of ...
More
This chapter takes a look at symbolic unity and the contribution of music to the 1889 Universal Exhibition. This exhibition testified to the power of liberal republicanism, confirmed the value of diversity and eclecticism, and linked commerce with national glory. The chapter also studies the utility of exotic music and reviews the contribution of the 1889 exhibition.Less
This chapter takes a look at symbolic unity and the contribution of music to the 1889 Universal Exhibition. This exhibition testified to the power of liberal republicanism, confirmed the value of diversity and eclecticism, and linked commerce with national glory. The chapter also studies the utility of exotic music and reviews the contribution of the 1889 exhibition.
