MARK GREENGRASS
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199214907
- eISBN:
- 9780191706561
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214907.003.08
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
Quatrains, a modest volume of fifty four line poems written by Guy Du Faur, sieur de Pibrac, in 1574, are a reminder that reform must not be interpreted simply as administrative ...
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Quatrains, a modest volume of fifty four line poems written by Guy Du Faur, sieur de Pibrac, in 1574, are a reminder that reform must not be interpreted simply as administrative changes but as a struggle for virtue. Virtue was the cornerstone of classical moral philosophy and a principal focus of the lectures at the Palace Academy in France. This chapter compares the cahiers from the estates general and the Ordinances of Blois and discusses the reasons why the Ordinances failed in achieving the peace it desired for the realm. The implications of the sale of royal offices, and judicial offices in particular, for efforts to conjugate virtue and reform are discussed, along with the assembly of the French clergy and ecclesiastical reform of the Catholic Church, and Henry III's use of penitence as part of his reforming endeavours.Less
Quatrains, a modest volume of fifty four line poems written by Guy Du Faur, sieur de Pibrac, in 1574, are a reminder that reform must not be interpreted simply as administrative changes but as a struggle for virtue. Virtue was the cornerstone of classical moral philosophy and a principal focus of the lectures at the Palace Academy in France. This chapter compares the cahiers from the estates general and the Ordinances of Blois and discusses the reasons why the Ordinances failed in achieving the peace it desired for the realm. The implications of the sale of royal offices, and judicial offices in particular, for efforts to conjugate virtue and reform are discussed, along with the assembly of the French clergy and ecclesiastical reform of the Catholic Church, and Henry III's use of penitence as part of his reforming endeavours.
Arthur Burns
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207849
- eISBN:
- 9780191677823
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207849.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, History of Religion
This book provides the first account of an important but neglected aspect of the history of the 19th-century Church of England: the reform of its diocesan structures. ...
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This book provides the first account of an important but neglected aspect of the history of the 19th-century Church of England: the reform of its diocesan structures. It illustrates how one of the most important institutions of Victorian England responded at a regional level to the pastoral challenge of a rapidly changing society. Providing a new perspective on the impact of both the Oxford Movement and the Ecclesiastical Commission on the Church, this book shows that an appreciation of the dynamics of diocesan reform has implications for our understanding of secular as well as ecclesiastical reform in the early 19th century.Less
This book provides the first account of an important but neglected aspect of the history of the 19th-century Church of England: the reform of its diocesan structures. It illustrates how one of the most important institutions of Victorian England responded at a regional level to the pastoral challenge of a rapidly changing society. Providing a new perspective on the impact of both the Oxford Movement and the Ecclesiastical Commission on the Church, this book shows that an appreciation of the dynamics of diocesan reform has implications for our understanding of secular as well as ecclesiastical reform in the early 19th century.
Brent S. Sirota
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780300167108
- eISBN:
- 9780300199277
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300167108.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter focuses on the Anglican high-church campaign to restore the convocation and enact a comprehensive program of ecclesiastical reform as an alternative to Anglican voluntarism. Mistrustful ...
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This chapter focuses on the Anglican high-church campaign to restore the convocation and enact a comprehensive program of ecclesiastical reform as an alternative to Anglican voluntarism. Mistrustful of the projects and societies of the associational world, Anglican high churchmen sought to refurbish the traditional instruments of ecclesiastical discipline.Less
This chapter focuses on the Anglican high-church campaign to restore the convocation and enact a comprehensive program of ecclesiastical reform as an alternative to Anglican voluntarism. Mistrustful of the projects and societies of the associational world, Anglican high churchmen sought to refurbish the traditional instruments of ecclesiastical discipline.
Kathleen G. Cushing
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207245
- eISBN:
- 9780191677571
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207245.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History, History of Religion
This chapter presents the life of Anselm of Lucca as a Gregorian bishop. Where and what Anselm studied are matters of much debate. The two ...
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This chapter presents the life of Anselm of Lucca as a Gregorian bishop. Where and what Anselm studied are matters of much debate. The two Vitae Anselmi are largely silent on Anselm’s early life and education, speaking only of his good knowledge of grammar, and acquaintance with dialectic. Between March 18 and April 21 1073, Anselm was designated as Bishop of Lucca by Pope Alexander II. Anselm’s biographers were concerned to demonstrate the ways in which Anselm’s life had been devoted to the promotion of ecclesiastical reform. Anselm’s episcopacy and the entire conflict with the canons was a struggle of a bishop looking to recover and stabilise his position, both in financial and pastoral terms.Less
This chapter presents the life of Anselm of Lucca as a Gregorian bishop. Where and what Anselm studied are matters of much debate. The two Vitae Anselmi are largely silent on Anselm’s early life and education, speaking only of his good knowledge of grammar, and acquaintance with dialectic. Between March 18 and April 21 1073, Anselm was designated as Bishop of Lucca by Pope Alexander II. Anselm’s biographers were concerned to demonstrate the ways in which Anselm’s life had been devoted to the promotion of ecclesiastical reform. Anselm’s episcopacy and the entire conflict with the canons was a struggle of a bishop looking to recover and stabilise his position, both in financial and pastoral terms.
Susan Wessel
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199268467
- eISBN:
- 9780191699276
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199268467.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter examines the proceedings at Ephesus I, including the problems of ecclesiastical procedure raised by the council; its relationship to the Council of Nicaea; the role of the emperor in ...
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This chapter examines the proceedings at Ephesus I, including the problems of ecclesiastical procedure raised by the council; its relationship to the Council of Nicaea; the role of the emperor in conveying an ecumenical proceeding; and the problems of authority implicit in two opposing councils held by the parties competing at Ephesus I.Less
This chapter examines the proceedings at Ephesus I, including the problems of ecclesiastical procedure raised by the council; its relationship to the Council of Nicaea; the role of the emperor in conveying an ecumenical proceeding; and the problems of authority implicit in two opposing councils held by the parties competing at Ephesus I.
John Howe
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801452895
- eISBN:
- 9781501703713
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801452895.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This book explores ecclesiastical history and the history of Western civilization more generally by focusing on the tenth-and early eleventh-century Latin Church, or more precisely the millennial ...
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This book explores ecclesiastical history and the history of Western civilization more generally by focusing on the tenth-and early eleventh-century Latin Church, or more precisely the millennial Church. It challenges the narrative linking ecclesiastical revival to the Gregorian Reform and argues that the rise of the West began well before the mid-eleventh century. It presents ecclesiastical reform as a central part of the post-Carolingian, postinvasion revival and suggests that the Church embodied and defined a rising Europe. It shows that the achievements associated with Gregorian Reform in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries rested on earlier ones. The book offers insights into the Christendom that was inherited by the mid-eleventh-century Latin reformers and puts the millennial Church as well as the resurgence of the Latin West in their appropriate contexts.Less
This book explores ecclesiastical history and the history of Western civilization more generally by focusing on the tenth-and early eleventh-century Latin Church, or more precisely the millennial Church. It challenges the narrative linking ecclesiastical revival to the Gregorian Reform and argues that the rise of the West began well before the mid-eleventh century. It presents ecclesiastical reform as a central part of the post-Carolingian, postinvasion revival and suggests that the Church embodied and defined a rising Europe. It shows that the achievements associated with Gregorian Reform in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries rested on earlier ones. The book offers insights into the Christendom that was inherited by the mid-eleventh-century Latin reformers and puts the millennial Church as well as the resurgence of the Latin West in their appropriate contexts.
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804759878
- eISBN:
- 9780804776936
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804759878.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter describes the long-standing opposition of English Presbyterianism to episcopacy. They challenged the very nature of episcopacy and made extensive arguments against the civil powers that ...
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This chapter describes the long-standing opposition of English Presbyterianism to episcopacy. They challenged the very nature of episcopacy and made extensive arguments against the civil powers that the bishops claimed. English presbyterians also argued that episcopacy was not only unbiblical but unnatural. Concern for a preaching ministry was integral to attacks against episcopacy during the early seventeenth century. The puritans' legal opposition to the Church coincided with the height of the conflict between presbyterians and defenders of episcopacy. English presbyterians visualized their ecclesiastical reform as both local and national. Furthermore, presbyterian critique of episcopal jurisdiction could drive out a wider intellectual and organizational opposition to it, not simply by directing such criticism to parliament but also to counties, towns, and parishes.Less
This chapter describes the long-standing opposition of English Presbyterianism to episcopacy. They challenged the very nature of episcopacy and made extensive arguments against the civil powers that the bishops claimed. English presbyterians also argued that episcopacy was not only unbiblical but unnatural. Concern for a preaching ministry was integral to attacks against episcopacy during the early seventeenth century. The puritans' legal opposition to the Church coincided with the height of the conflict between presbyterians and defenders of episcopacy. English presbyterians visualized their ecclesiastical reform as both local and national. Furthermore, presbyterian critique of episcopal jurisdiction could drive out a wider intellectual and organizational opposition to it, not simply by directing such criticism to parliament but also to counties, towns, and parishes.
Nigel Aston
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202844
- eISBN:
- 9780191675553
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202844.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, History of Religion
Those bishops who stayed in the Chamber after 1790 participated, as much as they felt able, in all aspects of creating the new Constitution. Prelates clung to their reformist outlooks and ...
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Those bishops who stayed in the Chamber after 1790 participated, as much as they felt able, in all aspects of creating the new Constitution. Prelates clung to their reformist outlooks and optimistically tried to view the proposals of the National Assembly in the most favourable light: a chance to rationalise features of Church life heavily criticised in the last decades of the ancien régime. Thus, Archbishop Jean de Boisgelin could agree with Jean-Baptiste Treilhard that the object of all ecclesiastical reforms was to restore the Church to its primitive state, but their ideas diverged abruptly on the means of achieving that end. Reform was one thing, turning the Church into a department of State quite another as far as the bishops were concerned. This chapter further discusses the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, the summoning of a National Council, and Bonal of Clermont.Less
Those bishops who stayed in the Chamber after 1790 participated, as much as they felt able, in all aspects of creating the new Constitution. Prelates clung to their reformist outlooks and optimistically tried to view the proposals of the National Assembly in the most favourable light: a chance to rationalise features of Church life heavily criticised in the last decades of the ancien régime. Thus, Archbishop Jean de Boisgelin could agree with Jean-Baptiste Treilhard that the object of all ecclesiastical reforms was to restore the Church to its primitive state, but their ideas diverged abruptly on the means of achieving that end. Reform was one thing, turning the Church into a department of State quite another as far as the bishops were concerned. This chapter further discusses the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, the summoning of a National Council, and Bonal of Clermont.
Francisca de los Apóstoles
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226142227
- eISBN:
- 9780226142258
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226142258.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Inspired by a series of visions, Francisca de los Apóstoles (1539–after 1578) and her sister Isabella attempted in 1573 to organize a beaterio, a lay community of pious women devoted to the religious ...
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Inspired by a series of visions, Francisca de los Apóstoles (1539–after 1578) and her sister Isabella attempted in 1573 to organize a beaterio, a lay community of pious women devoted to the religious life, to offer prayers and penance for the reparation of human sin, especially those of corrupt clerics. But their efforts to minister to the poor of Toledo and to call for general ecclesiastical reform were met with resistance, first from local religious officials and, later, from the Spanish Inquisition. By early 1575, the Inquisitional tribunal in Toledo had received several statements denouncing Francisca from some of the very women she had tried to help, as well as from some of her financial and religious sponsors. Francisca was eventually arrested, imprisoned by the Inquisition, and investigated for religious fraud. This book contains what little is known about Francisca—the several letters she wrote as well as the transcript of her trial—and offers modern readers a perspective on the unique role and status of religious women in sixteenth-century Spain. Transcribed from more than three hundred folios, it chronicles the drama of Francisca's interrogation and her spirited but ultimately unsuccessful defense.Less
Inspired by a series of visions, Francisca de los Apóstoles (1539–after 1578) and her sister Isabella attempted in 1573 to organize a beaterio, a lay community of pious women devoted to the religious life, to offer prayers and penance for the reparation of human sin, especially those of corrupt clerics. But their efforts to minister to the poor of Toledo and to call for general ecclesiastical reform were met with resistance, first from local religious officials and, later, from the Spanish Inquisition. By early 1575, the Inquisitional tribunal in Toledo had received several statements denouncing Francisca from some of the very women she had tried to help, as well as from some of her financial and religious sponsors. Francisca was eventually arrested, imprisoned by the Inquisition, and investigated for religious fraud. This book contains what little is known about Francisca—the several letters she wrote as well as the transcript of her trial—and offers modern readers a perspective on the unique role and status of religious women in sixteenth-century Spain. Transcribed from more than three hundred folios, it chronicles the drama of Francisca's interrogation and her spirited but ultimately unsuccessful defense.
Edwin C. Rae
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199539703
- eISBN:
- 9780191701184
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199539703.003.0029
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter discusses the following: ecclesiastical reforms of the eleventh and twelfth centuries: Cistercian monasticism; the Cistercian monastery; Augustinian canons and their monasteries; ...
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This chapter discusses the following: ecclesiastical reforms of the eleventh and twelfth centuries: Cistercian monasticism; the Cistercian monastery; Augustinian canons and their monasteries; founding a monastery; advent of the Cistercians to Ireland; appearance of the Norman Romanesque ingredient in native foundations; patronage of the O'Briens of Thomond; St Mary's cathedral, Limerick; transitional work in the east; spread of the new manners; O'Connor patronage; a distinctive Irish manner; the Cistercian achievement; character of Gothic ecclesiastical architecture: its introduction by the Anglo-Normans; the greater Irish cathedrals; other buildings in the ‘cathedral age’; the mendicant orders and their spread in Ireland; development of Irish friaries before the Black Death; the Decorated style in architecture; friary towers; motte-and-bailey castles; the greater early castles; variations in defensive structures; later developments in Anglo-Norman castles; domestic building to c.1350; defences of towns and cities; architectural sculpture; devotional statuary; sepulchral slabs and effigies; the earlier wall tombs (tomb niches); colonial recession and Gaelic resurgence; changes in the older monastic orders; sources for Irish late Gothic architecture; the greater projects; flourishing of friars and friaries; other religious buildings; castles in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries; tower-houses; unfortified dwellings; cross slabs; flowering of the wall tomb; colour and painting; a mixture of manners in sculpture; effigies and mensa tombs in North Leinster before the sixteenth century; the ‘apostle’ tomb; sixteenth-century ateliers; and non-sepulchral stone sculpture of the end of the Gothic period.Less
This chapter discusses the following: ecclesiastical reforms of the eleventh and twelfth centuries: Cistercian monasticism; the Cistercian monastery; Augustinian canons and their monasteries; founding a monastery; advent of the Cistercians to Ireland; appearance of the Norman Romanesque ingredient in native foundations; patronage of the O'Briens of Thomond; St Mary's cathedral, Limerick; transitional work in the east; spread of the new manners; O'Connor patronage; a distinctive Irish manner; the Cistercian achievement; character of Gothic ecclesiastical architecture: its introduction by the Anglo-Normans; the greater Irish cathedrals; other buildings in the ‘cathedral age’; the mendicant orders and their spread in Ireland; development of Irish friaries before the Black Death; the Decorated style in architecture; friary towers; motte-and-bailey castles; the greater early castles; variations in defensive structures; later developments in Anglo-Norman castles; domestic building to c.1350; defences of towns and cities; architectural sculpture; devotional statuary; sepulchral slabs and effigies; the earlier wall tombs (tomb niches); colonial recession and Gaelic resurgence; changes in the older monastic orders; sources for Irish late Gothic architecture; the greater projects; flourishing of friars and friaries; other religious buildings; castles in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries; tower-houses; unfortified dwellings; cross slabs; flowering of the wall tomb; colour and painting; a mixture of manners in sculpture; effigies and mensa tombs in North Leinster before the sixteenth century; the ‘apostle’ tomb; sixteenth-century ateliers; and non-sepulchral stone sculpture of the end of the Gothic period.
John Howe
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801452895
- eISBN:
- 9781501703713
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801452895.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter examines the connection between the rise of the West and the revival and reform of the Latin Church. At the end of the eleventh century, descendants of the demoralized Latin Christians ...
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This chapter examines the connection between the rise of the West and the revival and reform of the Latin Church. At the end of the eleventh century, descendants of the demoralized Latin Christians who in the tenth century had to endure attacks by non-Christian invaders would fight their way through Greek, Turkish, and Arab empires to raise the Latin cross over Jerusalem. The success of the Crusaders was more than a military achievement. This chapter begins with a brief overview of the military, political, and ecclesiastical history of the tenth-century Latin West, with particular emphasis on “encastellation” (the development of extensive internal fortifications) as a form of military security in early medieval Western Europe. It then considers how barbarian invasions and the wreckage they caused reshaped the political order and resulted in the fragmentation of Europe into smaller polities. It also discusses the efforts of the kings and ruling elites of the new order to rebuild the Church and carry out ecclesiastical reform via church building.Less
This chapter examines the connection between the rise of the West and the revival and reform of the Latin Church. At the end of the eleventh century, descendants of the demoralized Latin Christians who in the tenth century had to endure attacks by non-Christian invaders would fight their way through Greek, Turkish, and Arab empires to raise the Latin cross over Jerusalem. The success of the Crusaders was more than a military achievement. This chapter begins with a brief overview of the military, political, and ecclesiastical history of the tenth-century Latin West, with particular emphasis on “encastellation” (the development of extensive internal fortifications) as a form of military security in early medieval Western Europe. It then considers how barbarian invasions and the wreckage they caused reshaped the political order and resulted in the fragmentation of Europe into smaller polities. It also discusses the efforts of the kings and ruling elites of the new order to rebuild the Church and carry out ecclesiastical reform via church building.
Otis W. Pickett
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496820471
- eISBN:
- 9781496820518
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496820471.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sociology of Religion
This chapter focuses on John Lafayette Girardeau, a Presbyterian leader who, after the Civil War, simultaneously worked to shape churchly reform and Lost Cause religiosity. Girardeau's postbellum ...
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This chapter focuses on John Lafayette Girardeau, a Presbyterian leader who, after the Civil War, simultaneously worked to shape churchly reform and Lost Cause religiosity. Girardeau's postbellum ecclesiastical reform in ordaining African Americans and pushing for their ecclesiastical equality places him among emancipationists. However, his work on the battlefield as a Confederate chaplain, his aid to the public in coping with death and destruction after the Civil War, and his service as pastor of an integrated church places him in the reconciliationist camp. Meanwhile, his work as a defender of the Lost Cause, which helped justify the racial violence perpetuated by Lost Cause adherents, places him within the emerging norms of a white supremacist vision. Ultimately, Girardeau's life and world presents a much more complex picture than his missionary activity, representative Calvinism, efforts toward ecclesiastical reform, or Lost Cause ideology reveal.Less
This chapter focuses on John Lafayette Girardeau, a Presbyterian leader who, after the Civil War, simultaneously worked to shape churchly reform and Lost Cause religiosity. Girardeau's postbellum ecclesiastical reform in ordaining African Americans and pushing for their ecclesiastical equality places him among emancipationists. However, his work on the battlefield as a Confederate chaplain, his aid to the public in coping with death and destruction after the Civil War, and his service as pastor of an integrated church places him in the reconciliationist camp. Meanwhile, his work as a defender of the Lost Cause, which helped justify the racial violence perpetuated by Lost Cause adherents, places him within the emerging norms of a white supremacist vision. Ultimately, Girardeau's life and world presents a much more complex picture than his missionary activity, representative Calvinism, efforts toward ecclesiastical reform, or Lost Cause ideology reveal.
John Howe
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801452895
- eISBN:
- 9781501703713
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801452895.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter examines the role of learning in ecclesiastical reform. The new churches and monasteries required trained personnel, necessitating the revival of old schools and the establishment of new ...
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This chapter examines the role of learning in ecclesiastical reform. The new churches and monasteries required trained personnel, necessitating the revival of old schools and the establishment of new ones in order to produce the necessary religious professionals. This movement was inspired by Carolingian precedents but implemented on a considerably enlarged scale using increasingly refined pedagogy and curricula. Until recently, historians of education have not paid much attention to the actual formative practices of medieval Christian education. This chapter discusses the proliferation of new schools beyond Charlemagne's old borders and proceeds with an overview of preschool curricula and children's choirs. It also considers the teaching of Latinate culture to children as well as the seven liberal arts that formed the core curriculum of medieval schools. Finally, it describes education as a type of clerical reform.Less
This chapter examines the role of learning in ecclesiastical reform. The new churches and monasteries required trained personnel, necessitating the revival of old schools and the establishment of new ones in order to produce the necessary religious professionals. This movement was inspired by Carolingian precedents but implemented on a considerably enlarged scale using increasingly refined pedagogy and curricula. Until recently, historians of education have not paid much attention to the actual formative practices of medieval Christian education. This chapter discusses the proliferation of new schools beyond Charlemagne's old borders and proceeds with an overview of preschool curricula and children's choirs. It also considers the teaching of Latinate culture to children as well as the seven liberal arts that formed the core curriculum of medieval schools. Finally, it describes education as a type of clerical reform.