Sheena Asthana and Joyce Halliday
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346742
- eISBN:
- 9781447304258
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346742.003.0005
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter focuses on the health behaviours outlined in the previous chapter from research evidence which suggested the key targets for intervention to be: smoking cessation, nutrition and ...
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This chapter focuses on the health behaviours outlined in the previous chapter from research evidence which suggested the key targets for intervention to be: smoking cessation, nutrition and parenting education. It outlines the range of effective interventions at our disposal and considers the local delivery of two important structural targets: early-years education and childcare. It concludes that the most effective interventions tend to be multifaceted, ranging from education and health through to social inclusion and community development.Less
This chapter focuses on the health behaviours outlined in the previous chapter from research evidence which suggested the key targets for intervention to be: smoking cessation, nutrition and parenting education. It outlines the range of effective interventions at our disposal and considers the local delivery of two important structural targets: early-years education and childcare. It concludes that the most effective interventions tend to be multifaceted, ranging from education and health through to social inclusion and community development.
Christine Skinner
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847428370
- eISBN:
- 9781447304005
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428370.003.0011
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
This chapter provides a review of the childcare policy framework and evaluates current policy directions. It then presents research evidence on the benefits of formal childcare services for child ...
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This chapter provides a review of the childcare policy framework and evaluates current policy directions. It then presents research evidence on the benefits of formal childcare services for child development. The trends in childcare are also described. The Effective Provision of Pre-school Education (EPPE) study showed a complex interaction between quantity and quality of care, but quality remained key to the production of good outcomes, especially maintaining them over the primary school period. It is significant to have some formal childcare experience up to age three on positive cognitive outcomes at ages three and age five. The analysis of the EPPE, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and Millennium Cohort Survey (MCS) longitudinal population surveys illustrates that the case for formal early years care producing positive child development outcomes is incontrovertible, especially if it is high quality care provided in group settings.Less
This chapter provides a review of the childcare policy framework and evaluates current policy directions. It then presents research evidence on the benefits of formal childcare services for child development. The trends in childcare are also described. The Effective Provision of Pre-school Education (EPPE) study showed a complex interaction between quantity and quality of care, but quality remained key to the production of good outcomes, especially maintaining them over the primary school period. It is significant to have some formal childcare experience up to age three on positive cognitive outcomes at ages three and age five. The analysis of the EPPE, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and Millennium Cohort Survey (MCS) longitudinal population surveys illustrates that the case for formal early years care producing positive child development outcomes is incontrovertible, especially if it is high quality care provided in group settings.
Kirstine Hansen, Heather Joshi, and Shirley Dex (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847424761
- eISBN:
- 9781447301790
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847424761.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This book documents the first five years of life of the children of the influential Millennium Cohort Study, which is tracking almost 19,000 babies born in 2000 and 2001 in England, Scotland, Wales, ...
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This book documents the first five years of life of the children of the influential Millennium Cohort Study, which is tracking almost 19,000 babies born in 2000 and 2001 in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. This book is the second in a series of books that report on the findings from the data and follows on from Children of the 21st century: From birth to nine months (The Policy Press, 2005). It takes an extended look at the children's lives and development as they grow and begin formal education, and the implications for family policy, and service planning in health and social services. The chapters in this book are written by experts across a wide range of social science and health fields and form a unique look at the early lives of children that cuts across disciplinary boundaries.Less
This book documents the first five years of life of the children of the influential Millennium Cohort Study, which is tracking almost 19,000 babies born in 2000 and 2001 in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. This book is the second in a series of books that report on the findings from the data and follows on from Children of the 21st century: From birth to nine months (The Policy Press, 2005). It takes an extended look at the children's lives and development as they grow and begin formal education, and the implications for family policy, and service planning in health and social services. The chapters in this book are written by experts across a wide range of social science and health fields and form a unique look at the early lives of children that cuts across disciplinary boundaries.
Francis Wcislo
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199543564
- eISBN:
- 9780191725104
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199543564.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Political History
This chapter presents a story of a boyhood spent in a family of memoirists and storytellers in Russia's India, the Caucasus. The third son of a family of middling colonial officials, who in the ...
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This chapter presents a story of a boyhood spent in a family of memoirists and storytellers in Russia's India, the Caucasus. The third son of a family of middling colonial officials, who in the Russian tradition had earned hereditary ennoblement through civil service on the southern and eventually so-called trans-Caucasian frontiers of the empire, Witte was born in 1849. He spent his childhood and adolescence far from the metropolitan centers of St Petersburg and Moscow on a distant imperial border across the Caucasus Mountains in Georgia, where in the Russian mind Europe met Asia. He bore the Baltic German surname of a converted Lutheran father, was baptized an Orthodox Christian, but as an adult repeatedly proclaimed his maternal lineage, and claimed his Russian ethnicity, through his grandmother, the daughter of a déclassé branch of an early modern Muscovite aristocratic clan.Less
This chapter presents a story of a boyhood spent in a family of memoirists and storytellers in Russia's India, the Caucasus. The third son of a family of middling colonial officials, who in the Russian tradition had earned hereditary ennoblement through civil service on the southern and eventually so-called trans-Caucasian frontiers of the empire, Witte was born in 1849. He spent his childhood and adolescence far from the metropolitan centers of St Petersburg and Moscow on a distant imperial border across the Caucasus Mountains in Georgia, where in the Russian mind Europe met Asia. He bore the Baltic German surname of a converted Lutheran father, was baptized an Orthodox Christian, but as an adult repeatedly proclaimed his maternal lineage, and claimed his Russian ethnicity, through his grandmother, the daughter of a déclassé branch of an early modern Muscovite aristocratic clan.
Sheena Asthana
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346742
- eISBN:
- 9781447304258
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346742.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
In recent years, tackling health inequalities has become a key policy objective in the UK. However, doubts remain about how best to translate broad policy recommendations into practice. One key area ...
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In recent years, tackling health inequalities has become a key policy objective in the UK. However, doubts remain about how best to translate broad policy recommendations into practice. One key area of uncertainty concerns the role of local-level initiatives. This book identifies the key targets for intervention through a detailed exploration of the pathways and processes that give rise to health inequalities across the lifecourse. It sets this against an examination of both local practice and the national policy context, to establish what works in health inequalities policy, how and why. The book provides a comprehensive account of theory, policy and practice. It spans the lifecourse from the early years to old age and explores the links between biological, psychological, social, educational and economic factors and a range of health outcomes. In addition, the book describes key policy initiatives, assesses research evidence of ‘what works’, examines the limitations of the existing evidence base and highlights key areas of debate.Less
In recent years, tackling health inequalities has become a key policy objective in the UK. However, doubts remain about how best to translate broad policy recommendations into practice. One key area of uncertainty concerns the role of local-level initiatives. This book identifies the key targets for intervention through a detailed exploration of the pathways and processes that give rise to health inequalities across the lifecourse. It sets this against an examination of both local practice and the national policy context, to establish what works in health inequalities policy, how and why. The book provides a comprehensive account of theory, policy and practice. It spans the lifecourse from the early years to old age and explores the links between biological, psychological, social, educational and economic factors and a range of health outcomes. In addition, the book describes key policy initiatives, assesses research evidence of ‘what works’, examines the limitations of the existing evidence base and highlights key areas of debate.
Richard J. Orsi
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520200197
- eISBN:
- 9780520940864
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520200197.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter presents an account of the early years of the Southern Pacific Company. It covers the period from the construction of the Central Pacific Railroad to the re-establishment of the Southern ...
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This chapter presents an account of the early years of the Southern Pacific Company. It covers the period from the construction of the Central Pacific Railroad to the re-establishment of the Southern Pacific Company. The chapter begins by describing the geographical barriers present during the 1850s and 1860s that greatly affected commerce in California. The Central Pacific Railroad was the solution to the transportation and economic problems of the state. The chapter then discusses the founding of the Central Pacific Railroad Company, the Pacific Railway Act of 1862, and the Company's management crisis of 1863, which is considered as its lowest point in its history. The addition of new tracks, the consolidation of the railroads in California, the expansion of railroads in areas outside California, and the founding of the Southern Pacific Company are discussed. The latter portion of the chapter looks at the period when the Southern Pacific was controlled by the Union Pacific and the new Harriman Lines combination, as well as the regrouping of the Southern Pacific as a major independent carrier in the Southwest and the Far West.Less
This chapter presents an account of the early years of the Southern Pacific Company. It covers the period from the construction of the Central Pacific Railroad to the re-establishment of the Southern Pacific Company. The chapter begins by describing the geographical barriers present during the 1850s and 1860s that greatly affected commerce in California. The Central Pacific Railroad was the solution to the transportation and economic problems of the state. The chapter then discusses the founding of the Central Pacific Railroad Company, the Pacific Railway Act of 1862, and the Company's management crisis of 1863, which is considered as its lowest point in its history. The addition of new tracks, the consolidation of the railroads in California, the expansion of railroads in areas outside California, and the founding of the Southern Pacific Company are discussed. The latter portion of the chapter looks at the period when the Southern Pacific was controlled by the Union Pacific and the new Harriman Lines combination, as well as the regrouping of the Southern Pacific as a major independent carrier in the Southwest and the Far West.
Nigel Malin
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447350163
- eISBN:
- 9781447352273
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447350163.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter discusses reports that some hospitals and primary care services are ‘under-performing’ due to a lack of health and social care professionals, particularly in areas like critical care, ...
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This chapter discusses reports that some hospitals and primary care services are ‘under-performing’ due to a lack of health and social care professionals, particularly in areas like critical care, long-term and chronic illness. Similarly, in schools there are continuing claims that core funding remains a serious issue, that they are struggling to get and keep enough teachers, and standards are threatened as a result. Austerity is an extension of the neo-liberal logic to characterise any form of public spending as ‘unproductive’.Less
This chapter discusses reports that some hospitals and primary care services are ‘under-performing’ due to a lack of health and social care professionals, particularly in areas like critical care, long-term and chronic illness. Similarly, in schools there are continuing claims that core funding remains a serious issue, that they are struggling to get and keep enough teachers, and standards are threatened as a result. Austerity is an extension of the neo-liberal logic to characterise any form of public spending as ‘unproductive’.
Susan Martin and Yolande Muschamp
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847420404
- eISBN:
- 9781447302834
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847420404.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter reviews New Labour's education policy. Blair's commitment to education has resulted in three dimensions or strands that have contributed to the modernisation of education – an early ...
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This chapter reviews New Labour's education policy. Blair's commitment to education has resulted in three dimensions or strands that have contributed to the modernisation of education – an early years curriculum, a diversification of schools, and a reprofessionalisation of teaching. Introduced to widen state provision in respect of age and to meet the wider needs of its pupils, the first two dimensions of an early years curriculum and the introduction of more specialist schools were accompanied by policies that sought to give schools greater autonomy in managing their affairs as well as increasing the accountability of all schools. The re-professionalisation of the teaching profession has most clearly emerged in the conditions in which teachers are engaged and in national policies that have necessitated the widespread consultation with the training and engagement of teachers.Less
This chapter reviews New Labour's education policy. Blair's commitment to education has resulted in three dimensions or strands that have contributed to the modernisation of education – an early years curriculum, a diversification of schools, and a reprofessionalisation of teaching. Introduced to widen state provision in respect of age and to meet the wider needs of its pupils, the first two dimensions of an early years curriculum and the introduction of more specialist schools were accompanied by policies that sought to give schools greater autonomy in managing their affairs as well as increasing the accountability of all schools. The re-professionalisation of the teaching profession has most clearly emerged in the conditions in which teachers are engaged and in national policies that have necessitated the widespread consultation with the training and engagement of teachers.
Andrea Bassi
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781447347828
- eISBN:
- 9781447347873
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447347828.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
Taking evidence from three contrasting locations in the region of Emilia Romagna, Bassi demonstrates how high-quality early years provision is achieved through the co-creation and sharing of ...
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Taking evidence from three contrasting locations in the region of Emilia Romagna, Bassi demonstrates how high-quality early years provision is achieved through the co-creation and sharing of knowledge, expertise and experiences that are generated by innovative forms of public governance. A key success factor was a strong focus on continuing professional development activities organised in the form of ‘laboratories for social change’ – empowering early years professionals – rather than as top-down training. With regards to the financing of Social Investment, a significant lesson is the success of flexible combinations of different funding sources (public, philanthropic and private enterprise). This case study provides exemplary evidence of diversified provision, serving the needs of children and families within local communities and realised with a special focus on accessibility and economic sustainability.Less
Taking evidence from three contrasting locations in the region of Emilia Romagna, Bassi demonstrates how high-quality early years provision is achieved through the co-creation and sharing of knowledge, expertise and experiences that are generated by innovative forms of public governance. A key success factor was a strong focus on continuing professional development activities organised in the form of ‘laboratories for social change’ – empowering early years professionals – rather than as top-down training. With regards to the financing of Social Investment, a significant lesson is the success of flexible combinations of different funding sources (public, philanthropic and private enterprise). This case study provides exemplary evidence of diversified provision, serving the needs of children and families within local communities and realised with a special focus on accessibility and economic sustainability.
Catherine Parsons Smith
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520251397
- eISBN:
- 9780520933835
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520251397.003.0006
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
This chapter focuses on Lynden Ellsworth Behymer, who took credit for solely inventing Los Angeles' concert life upon his arrival in the city in 1886. It first looks at Behymer's early years in the ...
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This chapter focuses on Lynden Ellsworth Behymer, who took credit for solely inventing Los Angeles' concert life upon his arrival in the city in 1886. It first looks at Behymer's early years in the city, including the events during and after his competition with F.W. Blanchard, and a few of his “low-end” projects. Next, the chapter examines his later career and presents some examples of the questionable lies he used to maintain his influence. It also tries to explain how Behymer achieved—and later abused—his position as the foremost musical authority in Los Angeles.Less
This chapter focuses on Lynden Ellsworth Behymer, who took credit for solely inventing Los Angeles' concert life upon his arrival in the city in 1886. It first looks at Behymer's early years in the city, including the events during and after his competition with F.W. Blanchard, and a few of his “low-end” projects. Next, the chapter examines his later career and presents some examples of the questionable lies he used to maintain his influence. It also tries to explain how Behymer achieved—and later abused—his position as the foremost musical authority in Los Angeles.
Suzanne Clisby and Julia Holdsworth
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781847426772
- eISBN:
- 9781447311645
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847426772.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
This chapter explores how our identities as gendered beings are forged during the early years of our lives. It considers the effect that growing up girl in particular gender regimes can have on ...
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This chapter explores how our identities as gendered beings are forged during the early years of our lives. It considers the effect that growing up girl in particular gender regimes can have on women’s sense of self. The classic nurture-nature debates are evoked to consider how perceived gender differences in our identities are constructed as products of biology or culture and the implications of these binaries for people’s lives. The chapter then makes connections between constructions of femininities, girl’s and women’s identities and mental wellbeing. The authors argue that the ways in which girls (and boys) internalise hegemonic codes of normative female embodiment impacts on women’s sense self, in turn affecting their confidence and esteem.Less
This chapter explores how our identities as gendered beings are forged during the early years of our lives. It considers the effect that growing up girl in particular gender regimes can have on women’s sense of self. The classic nurture-nature debates are evoked to consider how perceived gender differences in our identities are constructed as products of biology or culture and the implications of these binaries for people’s lives. The chapter then makes connections between constructions of femininities, girl’s and women’s identities and mental wellbeing. The authors argue that the ways in which girls (and boys) internalise hegemonic codes of normative female embodiment impacts on women’s sense self, in turn affecting their confidence and esteem.
David Willetts
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198767268
- eISBN:
- 9780191917066
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198767268.003.0012
- Subject:
- Education, Higher and Further Education
I meant it when I said that I loved universities. But attitudes to universities are mixed. Other stages of education do better in winning hearts and minds, and politicians react accordingly. The ...
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I meant it when I said that I loved universities. But attitudes to universities are mixed. Other stages of education do better in winning hearts and minds, and politicians react accordingly. The target of three million apprenticeships was celebrated as a popular policy whereas there was little celebration of the reality of two million students in British universities. Telegenic rows of students serve as a backdrop for politicians’ speeches on any subject—apart from higher education itself. Legislation on schools was seen as popular use of parliamentary time but there was reluctance to devote any parliamentary time to sorting out an incoherent legal framework for universities which lagged way behind our reforms. Above all the early years of childhood were seen as far more important than later stages of education in shaping life chances and improving social mobility. I do not begrudge these other stages of education their political appeal— honest! Anyway politicians and their advisers are just reflecting a wider conventional wisdom. Universities themselves helped shape this view of educational priorities. I would go to university meetings where protesters outside demanded more public funding so higher education could be ‘free’ whilst inside earnest public policy students and academics told me that actually public funding should be shifted to the early years or that primary school literacy and numeracy programmes were the real educational priority. These attitudes are influenced by the tendency of educators at whatever level to blame the previous stage of education for their problems. Universities say they would love to recruit someone from a disadvantaged background but prospective students have been let down by their schooling so their A level grades just aren’t good enough and the university cannot gamble on their being able to catch up at such a late stage. Colleges say it is hard for them to focus on helping students get good A levels when they are also expected to provide remedial education for 16–18-year-olds who have failed at secondary school. Secondary schools say it is hard for them to deliver good GCSE results when too many kids arrive from primary school without the basics of reading and writing.
Less
I meant it when I said that I loved universities. But attitudes to universities are mixed. Other stages of education do better in winning hearts and minds, and politicians react accordingly. The target of three million apprenticeships was celebrated as a popular policy whereas there was little celebration of the reality of two million students in British universities. Telegenic rows of students serve as a backdrop for politicians’ speeches on any subject—apart from higher education itself. Legislation on schools was seen as popular use of parliamentary time but there was reluctance to devote any parliamentary time to sorting out an incoherent legal framework for universities which lagged way behind our reforms. Above all the early years of childhood were seen as far more important than later stages of education in shaping life chances and improving social mobility. I do not begrudge these other stages of education their political appeal— honest! Anyway politicians and their advisers are just reflecting a wider conventional wisdom. Universities themselves helped shape this view of educational priorities. I would go to university meetings where protesters outside demanded more public funding so higher education could be ‘free’ whilst inside earnest public policy students and academics told me that actually public funding should be shifted to the early years or that primary school literacy and numeracy programmes were the real educational priority. These attitudes are influenced by the tendency of educators at whatever level to blame the previous stage of education for their problems. Universities say they would love to recruit someone from a disadvantaged background but prospective students have been let down by their schooling so their A level grades just aren’t good enough and the university cannot gamble on their being able to catch up at such a late stage. Colleges say it is hard for them to focus on helping students get good A levels when they are also expected to provide remedial education for 16–18-year-olds who have failed at secondary school. Secondary schools say it is hard for them to deliver good GCSE results when too many kids arrive from primary school without the basics of reading and writing.
Joseph McBride
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813142623
- eISBN:
- 9780813145242
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813142623.003.0003
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter, Hawks discusses his family and early years, and he mentions that he gained inspiration for his films from real life events and people, including his grandfather. This chapter explores ...
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This chapter, Hawks discusses his family and early years, and he mentions that he gained inspiration for his films from real life events and people, including his grandfather. This chapter explores Hawks’ use of bold characters, his inspiration for some death scenes, his brother, his experience as a race-car driver, his time spent in World War I, and his first directing experience.Less
This chapter, Hawks discusses his family and early years, and he mentions that he gained inspiration for his films from real life events and people, including his grandfather. This chapter explores Hawks’ use of bold characters, his inspiration for some death scenes, his brother, his experience as a race-car driver, his time spent in World War I, and his first directing experience.
David H. Rosenthal
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195085563
- eISBN:
- 9780199853199
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195085563.003.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
Hard Bop begins with the “badness” of jazzmen, both in music and their personalities, as illustrated through jazz trumpeteer Lee Morgan, bad because of his “dirty” solos and ...
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Hard Bop begins with the “badness” of jazzmen, both in music and their personalities, as illustrated through jazz trumpeteer Lee Morgan, bad because of his “dirty” solos and complicated loves, culminating in death by the hand of a woman. During Lee Morgan's time, jazz was flourishing: clubs everywhere, with owners and managers encouraging unknown talents to come to the clubs to play (regardless of them being too young to be in drinking places). However, these favorable circumstances did not remain consistent throughout Morgan's career. He struck a hit in 1946 with “The Sidewinder”—a success that he was unable to replicate; in fact, within a few years after “The Sidewinder,” jazz lost most of its popularity. By 1970, the scene was fast fading and those who didn't have as much success as Morgan early on were unable to make a living out of jazz. Since then, the decade spanning 1960 to 1970 remains unparalleled as the time that produced the best and the most records.Less
Hard Bop begins with the “badness” of jazzmen, both in music and their personalities, as illustrated through jazz trumpeteer Lee Morgan, bad because of his “dirty” solos and complicated loves, culminating in death by the hand of a woman. During Lee Morgan's time, jazz was flourishing: clubs everywhere, with owners and managers encouraging unknown talents to come to the clubs to play (regardless of them being too young to be in drinking places). However, these favorable circumstances did not remain consistent throughout Morgan's career. He struck a hit in 1946 with “The Sidewinder”—a success that he was unable to replicate; in fact, within a few years after “The Sidewinder,” jazz lost most of its popularity. By 1970, the scene was fast fading and those who didn't have as much success as Morgan early on were unable to make a living out of jazz. Since then, the decade spanning 1960 to 1970 remains unparalleled as the time that produced the best and the most records.
David Faulkner and Ros Burnett
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847428929
- eISBN:
- 9781447305569
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428929.003.0011
- Subject:
- Social Work, Crime and Justice
This chapter brings together the main conclusions drawn from the previous chapters, and their implications for policy and practice. In proposing a longer-term framework for twenty-first-century ...
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This chapter brings together the main conclusions drawn from the previous chapters, and their implications for policy and practice. In proposing a longer-term framework for twenty-first-century criminal justice, it argues that integrity, decency, transparency and trust are essential if the governance and administration of criminal justice are to command the respect and compliance of those who work with them in the criminal justice sector, and those who are affected by what they do, including victims of crime, offenders and the wider public. The chapter emphasises that the reduction of crime and the prevention of reoffending depend as much on social circumstances and individual situations, opportunities and relationships as they do on sentencing or the operation of the criminal justice services; and argues for a simplification of the current system and for a renewed respect to be given to local and professional discretion. It suggests that the pressures on public expenditure — and the recurring uncertainty regarding criminal justice policy following the riots of August 2011 — might paradoxically provide the impetus for progress to be made in adopting more constructive approaches, if possible in a less adversarial political context and preferably with cross-party support.Less
This chapter brings together the main conclusions drawn from the previous chapters, and their implications for policy and practice. In proposing a longer-term framework for twenty-first-century criminal justice, it argues that integrity, decency, transparency and trust are essential if the governance and administration of criminal justice are to command the respect and compliance of those who work with them in the criminal justice sector, and those who are affected by what they do, including victims of crime, offenders and the wider public. The chapter emphasises that the reduction of crime and the prevention of reoffending depend as much on social circumstances and individual situations, opportunities and relationships as they do on sentencing or the operation of the criminal justice services; and argues for a simplification of the current system and for a renewed respect to be given to local and professional discretion. It suggests that the pressures on public expenditure — and the recurring uncertainty regarding criminal justice policy following the riots of August 2011 — might paradoxically provide the impetus for progress to be made in adopting more constructive approaches, if possible in a less adversarial political context and preferably with cross-party support.
Ana Berástegui and Carlos Pitillas
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- March 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780190095888
- eISBN:
- 9780197541159
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190095888.003.0016
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Attachment relationships as bipersonal, dynamic systems of interaction and meaning-making, can be understood as a resilient mechanism, a level of resilience in itself. A resilient early attachment ...
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Attachment relationships as bipersonal, dynamic systems of interaction and meaning-making, can be understood as a resilient mechanism, a level of resilience in itself. A resilient early attachment relationship may facilitate resilience across development and interact with other factors to promote healthier, more resilient societies at different ecological levels. In this chapter, first, the concept of attachment resilience and its constituent factors are developed within the framework of resilience literature. Second, the ecological nature of attachment resilience is posited, and a set of four principles for the ecological study and enhancement of attachment resilience is presented and applied to a case study. Finally, a discussion of the implications of these ideas for interventions with families is developed.Less
Attachment relationships as bipersonal, dynamic systems of interaction and meaning-making, can be understood as a resilient mechanism, a level of resilience in itself. A resilient early attachment relationship may facilitate resilience across development and interact with other factors to promote healthier, more resilient societies at different ecological levels. In this chapter, first, the concept of attachment resilience and its constituent factors are developed within the framework of resilience literature. Second, the ecological nature of attachment resilience is posited, and a set of four principles for the ecological study and enhancement of attachment resilience is presented and applied to a case study. Finally, a discussion of the implications of these ideas for interventions with families is developed.
Alan Sinclair and Tam Baillie
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- October 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198747109
- eISBN:
- 9780191809439
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198747109.003.0009
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Social Psychology
Investing in early years is close to magic, without being magic. The United Nations has given greater prominence to the early years through a General Comment on the Convention on the Rights of the ...
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Investing in early years is close to magic, without being magic. The United Nations has given greater prominence to the early years through a General Comment on the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Health research is gravitating to a view that adult physical and mental conditions have their origins in the womb and the earliest months and years of life. More than any other skills, employers want people who can talk, listen, and work with others: attributes that are largely picked up before school. Economists have demonstrated that the best return on investment in ‘education’ is in supporting parents and children, in the years before school. While evidence, analysis, and experience, which we review, points in one direction, it leads to three questions. Where are we now in child well-being and supporting parents and their very young children? Why are we not doing better? What can be done?Less
Investing in early years is close to magic, without being magic. The United Nations has given greater prominence to the early years through a General Comment on the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Health research is gravitating to a view that adult physical and mental conditions have their origins in the womb and the earliest months and years of life. More than any other skills, employers want people who can talk, listen, and work with others: attributes that are largely picked up before school. Economists have demonstrated that the best return on investment in ‘education’ is in supporting parents and children, in the years before school. While evidence, analysis, and experience, which we review, points in one direction, it leads to three questions. Where are we now in child well-being and supporting parents and their very young children? Why are we not doing better? What can be done?
Leonard Shengold
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300116106
- eISBN:
- 9780300134681
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300116106.003.0004
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter begins by considering poems by William Wordsworth, which evoke the fervent intensities of the early years of life. It then discusses how Wordsworth can be presented in the psychoanalytic ...
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This chapter begins by considering poems by William Wordsworth, which evoke the fervent intensities of the early years of life. It then discusses how Wordsworth can be presented in the psychoanalytic literature as a proto-Freudian or a proto-Kleinian.Less
This chapter begins by considering poems by William Wordsworth, which evoke the fervent intensities of the early years of life. It then discusses how Wordsworth can be presented in the psychoanalytic literature as a proto-Freudian or a proto-Kleinian.
Heidi Keller and Kim A. Bard (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262036900
- eISBN:
- 9780262342872
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262036900.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
It is generally acknowledged that attachment relationships are important for infants and young children, but there is little clarity on what exactly constitutes such a relationship. Does it occur ...
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It is generally acknowledged that attachment relationships are important for infants and young children, but there is little clarity on what exactly constitutes such a relationship. Does it occur between two individuals (infant–mother or infant–father) or in an extended network? In the West, monotropic attachment appears to function as a secure foundation for infants, but is this true in other cultures? This volume offers perspectives from a range of disciplines on these questions. Contributors from psychology, biology, anthropology, evolution, social policy, neuroscience, information systems, and practice describe the latest research on the cultural and evolutionary foundations on children’s attachment relationships as well as the implications for education, counseling, and policy.
The contributors discuss such issues as the possible functions of attachment, including trust and biopsychological regulation; the evolutionary foundations, if any, of attachment; ways to model attachment using the tools of information science; the neural foundations of attachment; and the influence of cultural attitudes on attachment. Taking an integrative approach, the book embraces the wide cultural variations in attachment relationships in humans and their diversity across nonhuman primates. It proposes research methods for the culturally sensitive study of attachment networks that will lead to culturally sensitive assessments, practices, and social policies.Less
It is generally acknowledged that attachment relationships are important for infants and young children, but there is little clarity on what exactly constitutes such a relationship. Does it occur between two individuals (infant–mother or infant–father) or in an extended network? In the West, monotropic attachment appears to function as a secure foundation for infants, but is this true in other cultures? This volume offers perspectives from a range of disciplines on these questions. Contributors from psychology, biology, anthropology, evolution, social policy, neuroscience, information systems, and practice describe the latest research on the cultural and evolutionary foundations on children’s attachment relationships as well as the implications for education, counseling, and policy.
The contributors discuss such issues as the possible functions of attachment, including trust and biopsychological regulation; the evolutionary foundations, if any, of attachment; ways to model attachment using the tools of information science; the neural foundations of attachment; and the influence of cultural attitudes on attachment. Taking an integrative approach, the book embraces the wide cultural variations in attachment relationships in humans and their diversity across nonhuman primates. It proposes research methods for the culturally sensitive study of attachment networks that will lead to culturally sensitive assessments, practices, and social policies.
Anchrit Wille
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199665693
- eISBN:
- 9780191755989
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199665693.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter describes how political and administrative reforms have changed the basic accountability system of the European Commission over the last decade. It is shown how the vision and values, ...
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This chapter describes how political and administrative reforms have changed the basic accountability system of the European Commission over the last decade. It is shown how the vision and values, the organizational DNA, on which the EU Commission was built became incongruent with internal and external challenges. There was a strategic reorientation, after the Commission’s crisis in 1999. Ex ante constraints and ex post incentives combined to provide a system for more control in and accountability over the Commission. There was a strengthening of accountability mechanisms and a shift in the salience of different types of accountability. In addition to legal and professional accountability systems, an elaborate structure was created that stressed political and bureaucratic mechanisms and has created new expectations of accountability from commissioners and their senior officials.Less
This chapter describes how political and administrative reforms have changed the basic accountability system of the European Commission over the last decade. It is shown how the vision and values, the organizational DNA, on which the EU Commission was built became incongruent with internal and external challenges. There was a strategic reorientation, after the Commission’s crisis in 1999. Ex ante constraints and ex post incentives combined to provide a system for more control in and accountability over the Commission. There was a strengthening of accountability mechanisms and a shift in the salience of different types of accountability. In addition to legal and professional accountability systems, an elaborate structure was created that stressed political and bureaucratic mechanisms and has created new expectations of accountability from commissioners and their senior officials.
