Thomas F. Babor, Raul Caetano, Sally Casswell, Griffith Edwards, Norman Giesbrecht, Kathryn Graham, Joel W. Grube, Linda Hill, Harold Holder, Ross Homel, Michael Livingston, Esa Österberg, Jürgen Rehm, Robin Room, and Ingeborg Rossow
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199551149
- eISBN:
- 9780191720642
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199551149.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity - Research and Public Policy Second Edition is a collaborative effort by an international group of addiction scientists to improve the linkages between ...
More
Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity - Research and Public Policy Second Edition is a collaborative effort by an international group of addiction scientists to improve the linkages between addiction science and alcohol policy. It presents the accumulated scientific knowledge on alcohol research that has a direct relevance to the development of alcohol policy on local, national, and international levels. It provides an objective analytical basis on which to build relevant policies globally, and informs policy makers who have direct responsibility for public health and social welfare. By locating alcohol policy primarily within the realm of public health, this book draws attention to the growing tendency for governments, both national and local, to consider alcohol misuse as a major determinant of ill health, and to organize societal responses accordingly. The scope of the book is comprehensive and international. The authors describe the conceptual basis for a rational alcohol policy and present new epidemiological data on the global dimensions of alcohol misuse. The core of the book is a critical review of the cumulative scientific evidence in seven general areas of alcohol policy: pricing and taxation; regulating the physical availability of alcohol; modifying the environment in which drinking occurs; drink-driving countermeasures; marketing restrictions; primary prevention programs in schools and other settings; and treatment and early intervention services. The final chapters discuss the current state of alcohol policy in different parts of the world and describe the need for a new approach to alcohol policy that is evidence-based, realistic, and coordinated.Less
Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity - Research and Public Policy Second Edition is a collaborative effort by an international group of addiction scientists to improve the linkages between addiction science and alcohol policy. It presents the accumulated scientific knowledge on alcohol research that has a direct relevance to the development of alcohol policy on local, national, and international levels. It provides an objective analytical basis on which to build relevant policies globally, and informs policy makers who have direct responsibility for public health and social welfare. By locating alcohol policy primarily within the realm of public health, this book draws attention to the growing tendency for governments, both national and local, to consider alcohol misuse as a major determinant of ill health, and to organize societal responses accordingly. The scope of the book is comprehensive and international. The authors describe the conceptual basis for a rational alcohol policy and present new epidemiological data on the global dimensions of alcohol misuse. The core of the book is a critical review of the cumulative scientific evidence in seven general areas of alcohol policy: pricing and taxation; regulating the physical availability of alcohol; modifying the environment in which drinking occurs; drink-driving countermeasures; marketing restrictions; primary prevention programs in schools and other settings; and treatment and early intervention services. The final chapters discuss the current state of alcohol policy in different parts of the world and describe the need for a new approach to alcohol policy that is evidence-based, realistic, and coordinated.
Jean Drèze and Amartya Sen
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198283652
- eISBN:
- 9780191596193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198283652.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This is the first of four chapters dedicated to famines. It begins by emphasising the role of public intervention in avoiding famines and then elaborates on the advantages of thinking of famine ...
More
This is the first of four chapters dedicated to famines. It begins by emphasising the role of public intervention in avoiding famines and then elaborates on the advantages of thinking of famine prevention in terms of an entitlement protection problem. It notes how any action should take into account the informal security systems already in play and describes some aspects of them, with special reference to sub‐Saharan Africa. Concludes with some reflections on early intervention.Less
This is the first of four chapters dedicated to famines. It begins by emphasising the role of public intervention in avoiding famines and then elaborates on the advantages of thinking of famine prevention in terms of an entitlement protection problem. It notes how any action should take into account the informal security systems already in play and describes some aspects of them, with special reference to sub‐Saharan Africa. Concludes with some reflections on early intervention.
Charles A. Nelson III, Charles H. Zeanah, and Nathan A. Fox
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195306255
- eISBN:
- 9780199863914
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195306255.003.0009
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Development
This chapter describes the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP) is a randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of foster care as an alternative to institutional care for young children ...
More
This chapter describes the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP) is a randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of foster care as an alternative to institutional care for young children abandoned at birth and placed in institutions in Bucharest, Romania. This study comprehensively assessed 136 children between the ages of 6 and 31 months who were institutionalized in all six of the institutions for young children in Bucharest, Romania, and followed them systematically through to 54 months of age. Institutionalization was associated with profoundly negative effects on child and brain development. Virtually all domains of development were compromised by institutional rearing: physical, brain, cognitive, linguistic, and social-emotional development. Nearly half of institutionalized children appeared to suffer from one or more forms of psychopathology. The good news is that foster care appeared to be effective in diminishing some forms of psychopathology and normalizing other domains of development; the bad news is that it was not affecting all domains of development, nor did full recovery occur in most domains assessed to date.Less
This chapter describes the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP) is a randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of foster care as an alternative to institutional care for young children abandoned at birth and placed in institutions in Bucharest, Romania. This study comprehensively assessed 136 children between the ages of 6 and 31 months who were institutionalized in all six of the institutions for young children in Bucharest, Romania, and followed them systematically through to 54 months of age. Institutionalization was associated with profoundly negative effects on child and brain development. Virtually all domains of development were compromised by institutional rearing: physical, brain, cognitive, linguistic, and social-emotional development. Nearly half of institutionalized children appeared to suffer from one or more forms of psychopathology. The good news is that foster care appeared to be effective in diminishing some forms of psychopathology and normalizing other domains of development; the bad news is that it was not affecting all domains of development, nor did full recovery occur in most domains assessed to date.
Maggie Blyth and Enver Solomon (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847422637
- eISBN:
- 9781447303060
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847422637.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Crime and Justice
The Youth Crime Action Plan, launched by the UK government in 2008, emphasises crime prevention and early intervention in different aspects of work with young people who offend or are considered to ...
More
The Youth Crime Action Plan, launched by the UK government in 2008, emphasises crime prevention and early intervention in different aspects of work with young people who offend or are considered to be ‘at risk’ of offending. Much of this approach includes targeted work with families and work to reduce the numbers of young people entering the youth justice system. This report takes a critical look at early intervention policies. Through contributions from leading experts on youth work and criminal justice, it considers the development of integrated and targeted youth support services and the implications for practice of early intervention policies; analyses the causes of serious violent crime through consideration of issues that address gangs and guns; provides an evaluation of the government's early intervention strategy through the examination of its Sure Start programme and other family initiatives; identifies the psychobiological effects of violence on children and links them to problem behaviour; considers the impacts of family intervention projects and parenting work and compares approaches to early intervention across different jurisdictions; and examines the lessons for practice in England and Wales.Less
The Youth Crime Action Plan, launched by the UK government in 2008, emphasises crime prevention and early intervention in different aspects of work with young people who offend or are considered to be ‘at risk’ of offending. Much of this approach includes targeted work with families and work to reduce the numbers of young people entering the youth justice system. This report takes a critical look at early intervention policies. Through contributions from leading experts on youth work and criminal justice, it considers the development of integrated and targeted youth support services and the implications for practice of early intervention policies; analyses the causes of serious violent crime through consideration of issues that address gangs and guns; provides an evaluation of the government's early intervention strategy through the examination of its Sure Start programme and other family initiatives; identifies the psychobiological effects of violence on children and links them to problem behaviour; considers the impacts of family intervention projects and parenting work and compares approaches to early intervention across different jurisdictions; and examines the lessons for practice in England and Wales.
Jean Drèze and Amartya Sen
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198283652
- eISBN:
- 9780191596193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198283652.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Some experiences in India and Africa are examined and lessons drawn from them. The authors show how the entitlement protection efforts of India since independence help explain the lack of famines, ...
More
Some experiences in India and Africa are examined and lessons drawn from them. The authors show how the entitlement protection efforts of India since independence help explain the lack of famines, and then focus on the 1970 Maharashtra drought. They analyse the success stories of Cape Verde, Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Botswana in Africa, referring again to the importance of entitlement protection systems. Special attention is given to the role of early intervention, private trade, diversification of economic activity and public distribution.Less
Some experiences in India and Africa are examined and lessons drawn from them. The authors show how the entitlement protection efforts of India since independence help explain the lack of famines, and then focus on the 1970 Maharashtra drought. They analyse the success stories of Cape Verde, Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Botswana in Africa, referring again to the importance of entitlement protection systems. Special attention is given to the role of early intervention, private trade, diversification of economic activity and public distribution.
Alison Body
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781447346432
- eISBN:
- 9781447345572
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447346432.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Following a decade of radical change in policy and funding in children’s early intervention services and with the role of the third sector under increased scrutiny, this timely book assesses the ...
More
Following a decade of radical change in policy and funding in children’s early intervention services and with the role of the third sector under increased scrutiny, this timely book assesses the shifting interplay between state provision and voluntary organisations delivering interventions for children, young people and their families.
Using one-hundred voices from charities and their partners on the frontline, this book provides vivid accounts of the lived experiences of charitable groups, offering key insights into the impact of recent social policy decisions on their work. Telling the story of how the landscape of children’s early intervention services has changed over the last decade, it provides crucial lessons for future policy whilst demonstrating the immeasurable value of voluntary organisations working in this challenging terrain.Less
Following a decade of radical change in policy and funding in children’s early intervention services and with the role of the third sector under increased scrutiny, this timely book assesses the shifting interplay between state provision and voluntary organisations delivering interventions for children, young people and their families.
Using one-hundred voices from charities and their partners on the frontline, this book provides vivid accounts of the lived experiences of charitable groups, offering key insights into the impact of recent social policy decisions on their work. Telling the story of how the landscape of children’s early intervention services has changed over the last decade, it provides crucial lessons for future policy whilst demonstrating the immeasurable value of voluntary organisations working in this challenging terrain.
Jere R. Behrman and Sergio S. Urzúa
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199922994
- eISBN:
- 9780199980420
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199922994.003.0006
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Delayed child development is a cumulative process that starts as early as in the womb and, once begun, may be difficult (or very costly) to reverse during school years and adulthood. This explains ...
More
Delayed child development is a cumulative process that starts as early as in the womb and, once begun, may be difficult (or very costly) to reverse during school years and adulthood. This explains why early childhood development (ECD) has been recognized as having high returns over the life cycle in both developing and developed countries. Yet, very little is known with confidence about the economic justification for ECD programs in general and in developing countries in particular. The economic justification must depend on the comparison of benefits and costs of each ECD program. In this chapter, we review what is known and, perhaps more importantly, what is not known about components of economic analysis of ECD programs.Less
Delayed child development is a cumulative process that starts as early as in the womb and, once begun, may be difficult (or very costly) to reverse during school years and adulthood. This explains why early childhood development (ECD) has been recognized as having high returns over the life cycle in both developing and developed countries. Yet, very little is known with confidence about the economic justification for ECD programs in general and in developing countries in particular. The economic justification must depend on the comparison of benefits and costs of each ECD program. In this chapter, we review what is known and, perhaps more importantly, what is not known about components of economic analysis of ECD programs.
Cigdem Kagitcibasi and Pia R. Britto
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262027984
- eISBN:
- 9780262321181
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0016
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Early childhood interventions are implemented to make a difference in people’s lives, but demonstrating how they have worked is a challenge. Because many reported programs are conducted in ...
More
Early childhood interventions are implemented to make a difference in people’s lives, but demonstrating how they have worked is a challenge. Because many reported programs are conducted in high-income countries, results are neither representative nor balanced. This chapter reviews evidence obtained from a range of early childhood interventions designed to reduce violence and build peace, and the outcomes that were achieved in children and parents. Classic longitudinal as well as more nascent early childhood interventions are analyzed using a broad framework. These interventions focus on young children and families and are associated with peaceful outcomes at individual, family, and community levels. The mechanisms by which benefits contribute to the peaceful outcomes are unclear. However, at child and family levels, these outcomes are predictors of reduced violence and a culture of peace in adulthood. It is suggested that early experiences pave the way to positive outcomes later in life, and thus early interventions are important. Programmatic and policy-level strategies are proposed to link peacebuilding with early childhood behavior, and a call is made to improve the direct measurement of peace promotion outcomes. Published in the Strungmann Forum Reports Series.Less
Early childhood interventions are implemented to make a difference in people’s lives, but demonstrating how they have worked is a challenge. Because many reported programs are conducted in high-income countries, results are neither representative nor balanced. This chapter reviews evidence obtained from a range of early childhood interventions designed to reduce violence and build peace, and the outcomes that were achieved in children and parents. Classic longitudinal as well as more nascent early childhood interventions are analyzed using a broad framework. These interventions focus on young children and families and are associated with peaceful outcomes at individual, family, and community levels. The mechanisms by which benefits contribute to the peaceful outcomes are unclear. However, at child and family levels, these outcomes are predictors of reduced violence and a culture of peace in adulthood. It is suggested that early experiences pave the way to positive outcomes later in life, and thus early interventions are important. Programmatic and policy-level strategies are proposed to link peacebuilding with early childhood behavior, and a call is made to improve the direct measurement of peace promotion outcomes. Published in the Strungmann Forum Reports Series.
Barry Goldson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847422637
- eISBN:
- 9781447303060
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847422637.003.0007
- Subject:
- Social Work, Crime and Justice
Some children and young people are conceived as being particularly susceptible to ‘risk’, implying constructions of vulnerability and invoking the imperatives of protection and safeguarding (as in ...
More
Some children and young people are conceived as being particularly susceptible to ‘risk’, implying constructions of vulnerability and invoking the imperatives of protection and safeguarding (as in modern child welfare discourse). Conversely, different constituencies of the young are deemed to comprise a primary source of ‘risk’, implying a threatening or menacing presence and invoking regulatory and corrective priorities (as in contemporary youth justice discourse). Such binary conceptualisations inevitably tend to oversimplify. Nonetheless, they each provide rationales for various forms of early intervention, greater levels of adult supervision, more intensive patterns of regulation and surveillance and, ultimately, circumscribed access to public spaces for children and young people. On closer inspection, however, whether in the child welfare realm or the youth justice domain, the logic and consequence of early intervention strategies are pitted with theoretical, conceptual and practical problems. This chapter engages with such problems as they specifically relate to the youth justice sphere in the United Kingdom and, by drawing on key sources of evidence in the space available, provides a knowledge-based critique of early intervention.Less
Some children and young people are conceived as being particularly susceptible to ‘risk’, implying constructions of vulnerability and invoking the imperatives of protection and safeguarding (as in modern child welfare discourse). Conversely, different constituencies of the young are deemed to comprise a primary source of ‘risk’, implying a threatening or menacing presence and invoking regulatory and corrective priorities (as in contemporary youth justice discourse). Such binary conceptualisations inevitably tend to oversimplify. Nonetheless, they each provide rationales for various forms of early intervention, greater levels of adult supervision, more intensive patterns of regulation and surveillance and, ultimately, circumscribed access to public spaces for children and young people. On closer inspection, however, whether in the child welfare realm or the youth justice domain, the logic and consequence of early intervention strategies are pitted with theoretical, conceptual and practical problems. This chapter engages with such problems as they specifically relate to the youth justice sphere in the United Kingdom and, by drawing on key sources of evidence in the space available, provides a knowledge-based critique of early intervention.
James K. Nash
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195370706
- eISBN:
- 9780199893515
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195370706.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
This chapter describes an evidence-based approach to the management of physical aggression in elementary and middle school students. Drawing from a public health prevention framework, it presents ...
More
This chapter describes an evidence-based approach to the management of physical aggression in elementary and middle school students. Drawing from a public health prevention framework, it presents strategies for selective intervention (also known as early intervention) with this population. Selective intervention targets students who display elevated levels of aggression relative to the general population of same-age students, but who do not display a level of aggression that calls for intensive treatment. In contrast, universal intervention (or primary prevention) targets all students in a school regardless of risk status, and indicated intervention (treatment) targets students who have a specific problem or diagnosis (e.g. conduct disorder).Less
This chapter describes an evidence-based approach to the management of physical aggression in elementary and middle school students. Drawing from a public health prevention framework, it presents strategies for selective intervention (also known as early intervention) with this population. Selective intervention targets students who display elevated levels of aggression relative to the general population of same-age students, but who do not display a level of aggression that calls for intensive treatment. In contrast, universal intervention (or primary prevention) targets all students in a school regardless of risk status, and indicated intervention (treatment) targets students who have a specific problem or diagnosis (e.g. conduct disorder).
Ros Burnett
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847420008
- eISBN:
- 9781447304364
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847420008.003.0008
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
In the autumn of 2006, the government introduced plans for interventions for early developmental prevention of serious harm. They targeted babies and young children who belonged to dysfunctional ...
More
In the autumn of 2006, the government introduced plans for interventions for early developmental prevention of serious harm. They targeted babies and young children who belonged to dysfunctional families. This signified the drift from a post-crime society to a pre-crime society. This chapter explores some researches on early risk factors associate with antisocial behaviour and early preventive interventions. This research and study on early developmental factors and interventions is useful as it can identify different types of groups of young people who offend and pathways into and out of crime, each with distinguishing characteristics that can be traced back to infancy. This chapter also points out to the findings of these researches and considers some of the practical and ethical problems which they raised. The chapter concludes that the concept of early intervention should not be dismissed and that the most important is the way programmes are developed, and their objectives and outcomes.Less
In the autumn of 2006, the government introduced plans for interventions for early developmental prevention of serious harm. They targeted babies and young children who belonged to dysfunctional families. This signified the drift from a post-crime society to a pre-crime society. This chapter explores some researches on early risk factors associate with antisocial behaviour and early preventive interventions. This research and study on early developmental factors and interventions is useful as it can identify different types of groups of young people who offend and pathways into and out of crime, each with distinguishing characteristics that can be traced back to infancy. This chapter also points out to the findings of these researches and considers some of the practical and ethical problems which they raised. The chapter concludes that the concept of early intervention should not be dismissed and that the most important is the way programmes are developed, and their objectives and outcomes.
Enver Solomon and Maggie Blyth
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847422637
- eISBN:
- 9781447303060
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847422637.003.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Crime and Justice
Prevention rather than cure is the obvious, common-sense approach to dealing with any problem, and it is unsurprising that criminal justice policy has been driven by such an ideal. Shortly after ...
More
Prevention rather than cure is the obvious, common-sense approach to dealing with any problem, and it is unsurprising that criminal justice policy has been driven by such an ideal. Shortly after entering government in 1997, New Labour embarked on what was seen by many commentators as a more holistic model of crime prevention than its predecessor Conservative government had utilised, with the establishment of Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships. This book examines government policy in the United Kingdom in relation to early intervention programmes that aim to support families and to prevent youth crime. It raises some important questions about prevention strategies, such as whether early intervention is symptomatic of a creeping criminalisation of social policy whereby a coercive approach is used to force so-called problem families and their children to engage with services; how local people themselves are engaged in crucial decisions about how to tackle crime and social problems; and how those most detached from the mainstream can be motivated to take advantage of support provided.Less
Prevention rather than cure is the obvious, common-sense approach to dealing with any problem, and it is unsurprising that criminal justice policy has been driven by such an ideal. Shortly after entering government in 1997, New Labour embarked on what was seen by many commentators as a more holistic model of crime prevention than its predecessor Conservative government had utilised, with the establishment of Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships. This book examines government policy in the United Kingdom in relation to early intervention programmes that aim to support families and to prevent youth crime. It raises some important questions about prevention strategies, such as whether early intervention is symptomatic of a creeping criminalisation of social policy whereby a coercive approach is used to force so-called problem families and their children to engage with services; how local people themselves are engaged in crucial decisions about how to tackle crime and social problems; and how those most detached from the mainstream can be motivated to take advantage of support provided.
Maggie Blyth and Enver Solomon
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847422637
- eISBN:
- 9781447303060
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847422637.003.0009
- Subject:
- Social Work, Crime and Justice
This book raises important policy questions in relation to early intervention strategies and crime prevention work with children, young people and their families in the United Kingdom. In terms of ...
More
This book raises important policy questions in relation to early intervention strategies and crime prevention work with children, young people and their families in the United Kingdom. In terms of current government policy, early intervention has become firmly embedded under New Labour's administration as the overarching strategy to address both social exclusion and offending behaviour among children, young people and their families. There are a number of assumptions underpinning the approach set out in the book: that the earlier the intervention, the better it will be; that targeted as opposed to universal provision is appropriate; and that coercive engagement based on a carrot-and-stick approach is most effective. In conclusion, this chapter charts a path through the contentious intervention field in the context of the reformed youth justice system and its rebalancing during 2008. It considers how the greater integration of youth justice with youth services, children's services and family work allows for a new structure at a local level in which to respond properly to the needs of those young people and families considered most at risk of offending.Less
This book raises important policy questions in relation to early intervention strategies and crime prevention work with children, young people and their families in the United Kingdom. In terms of current government policy, early intervention has become firmly embedded under New Labour's administration as the overarching strategy to address both social exclusion and offending behaviour among children, young people and their families. There are a number of assumptions underpinning the approach set out in the book: that the earlier the intervention, the better it will be; that targeted as opposed to universal provision is appropriate; and that coercive engagement based on a carrot-and-stick approach is most effective. In conclusion, this chapter charts a path through the contentious intervention field in the context of the reformed youth justice system and its rebalancing during 2008. It considers how the greater integration of youth justice with youth services, children's services and family work allows for a new structure at a local level in which to respond properly to the needs of those young people and families considered most at risk of offending.
Nathan A. Fox, Charles A. Nelson, and Charles H. Zeanah
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262027984
- eISBN:
- 9780262321181
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0009
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Institutionalization of children is a worldwide problem, and the consequences of these deprived early experiences have been known for some time. To examine how profound early neglect impacts the ...
More
Institutionalization of children is a worldwide problem, and the consequences of these deprived early experiences have been known for some time. To examine how profound early neglect impacts the course of human development, we designed the Bucharest Early Intervention Project: the first randomized controlled trial of family care intervention on young children institutionalized in infancy. The Project is unique in that it includes measures of brain structure and function. Results suggest that early psychosocial deprivation has profound effects on gray matter structure that do not appear to remediate, although subtle intervention effects were observed for white matter volume. EEG activity was significantly affected by early psychosocial deprivation, but there appeared to be remediation of this functioning by the time children were eight years old and had spent close to six or seven years in families. Project data argue for changes in the manner in which societies address abandoned children. An important step toward building just and peaceful societies is to provide family-type care for young children instead of institutional life, as being raised in a family greatly enhances a child’s skills in emotion regulation. The link to peaceful societies is through these processes. Published in the Strungmann Forum Reports Series.Less
Institutionalization of children is a worldwide problem, and the consequences of these deprived early experiences have been known for some time. To examine how profound early neglect impacts the course of human development, we designed the Bucharest Early Intervention Project: the first randomized controlled trial of family care intervention on young children institutionalized in infancy. The Project is unique in that it includes measures of brain structure and function. Results suggest that early psychosocial deprivation has profound effects on gray matter structure that do not appear to remediate, although subtle intervention effects were observed for white matter volume. EEG activity was significantly affected by early psychosocial deprivation, but there appeared to be remediation of this functioning by the time children were eight years old and had spent close to six or seven years in families. Project data argue for changes in the manner in which societies address abandoned children. An important step toward building just and peaceful societies is to provide family-type care for young children instead of institutional life, as being raised in a family greatly enhances a child’s skills in emotion regulation. The link to peaceful societies is through these processes. Published in the Strungmann Forum Reports Series.
Val Gillies, Rosalind Edwards, and Nicola Horsley
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447324096
- eISBN:
- 9781447324119
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447324096.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
This chapter analyses the intricate network of interests and their agendas that characterise social policy provision generally, focusing down on social investment in children's services and the early ...
More
This chapter analyses the intricate network of interests and their agendas that characterise social policy provision generally, focusing down on social investment in children's services and the early intervention field. In particular, the chapter looks at three key stakeholder groups with interests in early intervention: business, politicians and professionals, and their interlinked alliances and partnerships. It examines how corporate money, power, and influence have pervaded various children's services, from child protection work to family and early intervention initiatives to education services. This occurs through ‘philanthrocapitalism’ — an amalgam of an economic rationale of early intervention coupled with moral notions of social philanthropy.Less
This chapter analyses the intricate network of interests and their agendas that characterise social policy provision generally, focusing down on social investment in children's services and the early intervention field. In particular, the chapter looks at three key stakeholder groups with interests in early intervention: business, politicians and professionals, and their interlinked alliances and partnerships. It examines how corporate money, power, and influence have pervaded various children's services, from child protection work to family and early intervention initiatives to education services. This occurs through ‘philanthrocapitalism’ — an amalgam of an economic rationale of early intervention coupled with moral notions of social philanthropy.
Val Gillies, Rosalind Edwards, and Nicola Horsley
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447324096
- eISBN:
- 9781447324119
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447324096.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
So often, the ills of society are blamed on negligent parenting, leading to the development of social service policies built around the concept of early intervention. Interrogating this concept, this ...
More
So often, the ills of society are blamed on negligent parenting, leading to the development of social service policies built around the concept of early intervention. Interrogating this concept, this book explores the history of our understanding of children, family, and parenting, and its implications for society. With a particular focus on the intersection of brain science and social policy, the authors challenge our long-held consensus on early intervention. Accessibly written and highly topical, this book is a comprehensive and critical assay of our contemporary belief that so-called bad parents raise substandard future citizens unfit for the new capitalism.Less
So often, the ills of society are blamed on negligent parenting, leading to the development of social service policies built around the concept of early intervention. Interrogating this concept, this book explores the history of our understanding of children, family, and parenting, and its implications for society. With a particular focus on the intersection of brain science and social policy, the authors challenge our long-held consensus on early intervention. Accessibly written and highly topical, this book is a comprehensive and critical assay of our contemporary belief that so-called bad parents raise substandard future citizens unfit for the new capitalism.
Carl Purcell
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781447348764
- eISBN:
- 9781447348818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447348764.003.0009
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
This chapter and the next consider the development of children’s services policy since 2010, including key changes introduced by the Conservative Secretary of State Michael Gove. From the outset it ...
More
This chapter and the next consider the development of children’s services policy since 2010, including key changes introduced by the Conservative Secretary of State Michael Gove. From the outset it was clear that schools reform would be the overriding priority for the renamed ‘Department for Education’. Moreover, under Gove’s Academies and Free Schools programme the broad emphasis on child well-being and the integration of children’s services, under Labour’s ECM framework, was largely abandoned as schools were afforded greater autonomy from local authority children’s services. Furthermore, the prioritisation of schools’ reform meant that services such as children’s centres and youth services bore the brunt of spending cuts, notwithstanding the Prime Minister David Cameron’s proclaimed commitment to the refocusing of early intervention services. In this context, the DfE distanced itself from the restructuring and hollowing-out of early intervention services at the local level, and NGOs campaigning in this area were largely ignored.Less
This chapter and the next consider the development of children’s services policy since 2010, including key changes introduced by the Conservative Secretary of State Michael Gove. From the outset it was clear that schools reform would be the overriding priority for the renamed ‘Department for Education’. Moreover, under Gove’s Academies and Free Schools programme the broad emphasis on child well-being and the integration of children’s services, under Labour’s ECM framework, was largely abandoned as schools were afforded greater autonomy from local authority children’s services. Furthermore, the prioritisation of schools’ reform meant that services such as children’s centres and youth services bore the brunt of spending cuts, notwithstanding the Prime Minister David Cameron’s proclaimed commitment to the refocusing of early intervention services. In this context, the DfE distanced itself from the restructuring and hollowing-out of early intervention services at the local level, and NGOs campaigning in this area were largely ignored.
Gabriella Conti and Tatiana Paredes
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- March 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780190095888
- eISBN:
- 9780197541159
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190095888.003.0031
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
The concept of resilience in the economic literature is centered around the capacity to overcome adverse circumstances and to mitigate the impacts of shocks through the development of human capital ...
More
The concept of resilience in the economic literature is centered around the capacity to overcome adverse circumstances and to mitigate the impacts of shocks through the development of human capital starting in early childhood. In this chapter, the authors review the existing evidence on multisystemic resilience in economics, from both a micro- and a macroperspective. To do so, they first introduce the theory of human capital development and the large body of empirical evidence about early interventions that seek to boost resilience in children. They then discuss two more recent strands of literature: one that examines whether subsequent investments can offset the effects of early-life shocks and another that uses micro-founded macroeconomic models to understand the indirect (multisystemic) effects of early interventions.Less
The concept of resilience in the economic literature is centered around the capacity to overcome adverse circumstances and to mitigate the impacts of shocks through the development of human capital starting in early childhood. In this chapter, the authors review the existing evidence on multisystemic resilience in economics, from both a micro- and a macroperspective. To do so, they first introduce the theory of human capital development and the large body of empirical evidence about early interventions that seek to boost resilience in children. They then discuss two more recent strands of literature: one that examines whether subsequent investments can offset the effects of early-life shocks and another that uses micro-founded macroeconomic models to understand the indirect (multisystemic) effects of early interventions.
Daniel Navon
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226638096
- eISBN:
- 9780226638126
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226638126.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Knowing that a patient has a genetic mutation can decisively change their medical care. This chapter shows how experts and advocates strive to reorient clinical evaluation and treatment around ...
More
Knowing that a patient has a genetic mutation can decisively change their medical care. This chapter shows how experts and advocates strive to reorient clinical evaluation and treatment around conditions like 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. This is no easy task. The nosologies of pertinent fields like pediatrics and psychiatry are ill-suited to genomic designation. Meanwhile, lack of awareness among physicians and uneven access to advanced healthcare creates huge barriers to receiving a genetic diagnosis and the recommended services that come with it. Yet for families with sufficient social health capital, a genetic diagnosis can end a family’s frustrating diagnostic odyssey and point towards various forms of targeted evaluation and early intervention. In this way, a genomically designated condition can reframe the meaning of illness and redirect clinical judgement and practice. Parent advocates can use specialist clinics, published management guidelines, support groups, and allied expert-activists—often combined with their own lay expertise—to access a variety of resources. In some instances, they even garner evaluations and treatments that are not clinically indicated. Genomic designation can therefore reorient expectations for development and remake practice not only in medicine, but also in key fields like psychology and education that have often been resistant to genetics.Less
Knowing that a patient has a genetic mutation can decisively change their medical care. This chapter shows how experts and advocates strive to reorient clinical evaluation and treatment around conditions like 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. This is no easy task. The nosologies of pertinent fields like pediatrics and psychiatry are ill-suited to genomic designation. Meanwhile, lack of awareness among physicians and uneven access to advanced healthcare creates huge barriers to receiving a genetic diagnosis and the recommended services that come with it. Yet for families with sufficient social health capital, a genetic diagnosis can end a family’s frustrating diagnostic odyssey and point towards various forms of targeted evaluation and early intervention. In this way, a genomically designated condition can reframe the meaning of illness and redirect clinical judgement and practice. Parent advocates can use specialist clinics, published management guidelines, support groups, and allied expert-activists—often combined with their own lay expertise—to access a variety of resources. In some instances, they even garner evaluations and treatments that are not clinically indicated. Genomic designation can therefore reorient expectations for development and remake practice not only in medicine, but also in key fields like psychology and education that have often been resistant to genetics.
Mervyn Murch
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781447345947
- eISBN:
- 9781447345992
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447345947.003.0014
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter concludes the book with a number of challenging questions concerning the future. Among them are, will the movement to listen to and take account of the voices of children and young ...
More
This chapter concludes the book with a number of challenging questions concerning the future. Among them are, will the movement to listen to and take account of the voices of children and young people in the policy process gain more public recognition and support? What will be the impact of further rapid advances in information technology on children themselves, their parents, and the helping professions? Will principles of preventive mental health and early supportive intervention come to underlie and be integral to the work of the education services (and primary healthcare) and that of the interdisciplinary family justice system? The chapter also considers the prospects for developing an early preventive approach to promote children and young people's positive mental health and wellbeing.Less
This chapter concludes the book with a number of challenging questions concerning the future. Among them are, will the movement to listen to and take account of the voices of children and young people in the policy process gain more public recognition and support? What will be the impact of further rapid advances in information technology on children themselves, their parents, and the helping professions? Will principles of preventive mental health and early supportive intervention come to underlie and be integral to the work of the education services (and primary healthcare) and that of the interdisciplinary family justice system? The chapter also considers the prospects for developing an early preventive approach to promote children and young people's positive mental health and wellbeing.
