Andreas K. Engel, Karl Friston, J. A. Scott Kelso, Peter König, Ilona Kovács, Angus MacDonald III, Earl K. Miller, William A. Phillips, Steven M. Silverstein, Catherine Tallon-Baudry, Jochen Triesch, and Peter Uhlhaas
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014717
- eISBN:
- 9780262289818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014717.003.0018
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
This chapter focuses on dynamic coordination and how it is achieved, how it is related to cognitive functions and learning processes, and the role of neural oscillations in different frequency bands ...
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This chapter focuses on dynamic coordination and how it is achieved, how it is related to cognitive functions and learning processes, and the role of neural oscillations in different frequency bands for dynamic coordination. It also considers modulation of coordination at the systems level and the relation of the mechanisms underlying coordination of behavior and cognition to neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, the chapter examines dynamic coordination that arises from self-organization, the reduction in dimensionality associated with dynamic coordination, the theory of Coherent Infomax, Dynamic Pattern Theory, how optimization and synchrony are related to dynamic coordination, neural synchrony during human ontogeny, and how coordination contributes to perceptual and motor development. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the role of different frequency bands in sensory processing, attention and awareness, and motor circuits, together with how the prefrontal cortex modulates dynamic coordination.Less
This chapter focuses on dynamic coordination and how it is achieved, how it is related to cognitive functions and learning processes, and the role of neural oscillations in different frequency bands for dynamic coordination. It also considers modulation of coordination at the systems level and the relation of the mechanisms underlying coordination of behavior and cognition to neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, the chapter examines dynamic coordination that arises from self-organization, the reduction in dimensionality associated with dynamic coordination, the theory of Coherent Infomax, Dynamic Pattern Theory, how optimization and synchrony are related to dynamic coordination, neural synchrony during human ontogeny, and how coordination contributes to perceptual and motor development. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the role of different frequency bands in sensory processing, attention and awareness, and motor circuits, together with how the prefrontal cortex modulates dynamic coordination.
William A. Phillips, Christoph von der Malsburg, and Wolf Singer
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014717
- eISBN:
- 9780262289818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014717.003.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
This chapter focuses on dynamic coordination in the brain and mind and its major implications for the cognitive neurosciences. Coordinating interactions give rise to coherent and relevant patterns of ...
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This chapter focuses on dynamic coordination in the brain and mind and its major implications for the cognitive neurosciences. Coordinating interactions give rise to coherent and relevant patterns of activity without disrupting the essential individual identities and functions of the activities being coordinated. Dynamic coordination deals effectively with unpredictable aspects of the current situation. The chapter discusses how biological systems combine reliability and flexibility in nature before exploring a variety of computational goals for dynamic coordination and issues related to cognition, local cortical circuits, brain systems, and evolution. It also looks at dynamic coordination resulting from widely distributed processes of self-organization as well as the role of executive control. In addition, the chapter considers how holism is combined with localism in neuroscience.Less
This chapter focuses on dynamic coordination in the brain and mind and its major implications for the cognitive neurosciences. Coordinating interactions give rise to coherent and relevant patterns of activity without disrupting the essential individual identities and functions of the activities being coordinated. Dynamic coordination deals effectively with unpredictable aspects of the current situation. The chapter discusses how biological systems combine reliability and flexibility in nature before exploring a variety of computational goals for dynamic coordination and issues related to cognition, local cortical circuits, brain systems, and evolution. It also looks at dynamic coordination resulting from widely distributed processes of self-organization as well as the role of executive control. In addition, the chapter considers how holism is combined with localism in neuroscience.
Steven M. Silverstein
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014717
- eISBN:
- 9780262289818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014717.003.0017
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
A number of non-independent factors, such as neurotransmitter and receptor excesses and reductions, a reduced ability to generate oscillations and synchrony, and changes in gene expression due to ...
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A number of non-independent factors, such as neurotransmitter and receptor excesses and reductions, a reduced ability to generate oscillations and synchrony, and changes in gene expression due to primary genetic or environmental causes, may compromise dynamic coordination. This chapter focuses on brain disorders that have been linked to dynamic coordination failures, including autism, epilepsy, amblyopia, schizophrenia, Williams syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease.Less
A number of non-independent factors, such as neurotransmitter and receptor excesses and reductions, a reduced ability to generate oscillations and synchrony, and changes in gene expression due to primary genetic or environmental causes, may compromise dynamic coordination. This chapter focuses on brain disorders that have been linked to dynamic coordination failures, including autism, epilepsy, amblyopia, schizophrenia, Williams syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Christoph von der Malsburg, William A. Phillips, and Wolf Singer (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014717
- eISBN:
- 9780262289818
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014717.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
A fundamental shift is occurring in neuroscience and related disciplines. In the past, researchers focused on functional specialization of the brain, discovering complex processing strategies based ...
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A fundamental shift is occurring in neuroscience and related disciplines. In the past, researchers focused on functional specialization of the brain, discovering complex processing strategies based on convergence and divergence in slowly adapting anatomical architectures. Yet for the brain to cope with ever-changing and unpredictable circumstances, it needs strategies with richer interactive short-term dynamics. Recent research has revealed ways in which the brain effectively coordinates widely distributed and specialized activities to meet the needs of the moment. This book explores these findings, examining the functions, mechanisms, and manifestations of distributed dynamical coordination in the brain and mind across different species and levels of organization. It identifies three basic functions of dynamic coordination: contextual disambiguation, dynamic grouping, and dynamic routing. The book considers the role of dynamic coordination in temporally structured activity and explores these issues at different levels, from synaptic and local circuit mechanisms to macroscopic system dynamics, emphasizing their importance for cognition, behavior, and psychopathology.Less
A fundamental shift is occurring in neuroscience and related disciplines. In the past, researchers focused on functional specialization of the brain, discovering complex processing strategies based on convergence and divergence in slowly adapting anatomical architectures. Yet for the brain to cope with ever-changing and unpredictable circumstances, it needs strategies with richer interactive short-term dynamics. Recent research has revealed ways in which the brain effectively coordinates widely distributed and specialized activities to meet the needs of the moment. This book explores these findings, examining the functions, mechanisms, and manifestations of distributed dynamical coordination in the brain and mind across different species and levels of organization. It identifies three basic functions of dynamic coordination: contextual disambiguation, dynamic grouping, and dynamic routing. The book considers the role of dynamic coordination in temporally structured activity and explores these issues at different levels, from synaptic and local circuit mechanisms to macroscopic system dynamics, emphasizing their importance for cognition, behavior, and psychopathology.
Edvard I. Moser, Maurizio Corbetta, Robert Desimone, Yves Frégnac, Pascal Fries, Ann M. Graybiel, John-Dylan Haynes, Laurent Itti, Lucia Melloni, Hannah Monyer, Wolf Singer, Christoph von der Malsburg, and Matthew A. Wilson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014717
- eISBN:
- 9780262289818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014717.003.0013
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
This chapter focuses on dynamic coordination, how it is mechanistically implemented in brain circuits, and the extent to which it accounts for functions performed by interacting brain systems. It ...
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This chapter focuses on dynamic coordination, how it is mechanistically implemented in brain circuits, and the extent to which it accounts for functions performed by interacting brain systems. It also discusses how modulation of phase relationships of oscillations in different brain systems, in neocortex and hippocampus of the mammalian brain, may alter functional coupling; possible mechanisms for oscillation-based synchronization, particularly in the gamma frequency range; coordination by gain modulation and by synchronization of oscillation patterns; and the role of long-range projecting interneurons in synchronizing one neural circuit with another. Finally, the chapter considers how oscillations may influence dynamic routing within structurally constrained brain networks.Less
This chapter focuses on dynamic coordination, how it is mechanistically implemented in brain circuits, and the extent to which it accounts for functions performed by interacting brain systems. It also discusses how modulation of phase relationships of oscillations in different brain systems, in neocortex and hippocampus of the mammalian brain, may alter functional coupling; possible mechanisms for oscillation-based synchronization, particularly in the gamma frequency range; coordination by gain modulation and by synchronization of oscillation patterns; and the role of long-range projecting interneurons in synchronizing one neural circuit with another. Finally, the chapter considers how oscillations may influence dynamic routing within structurally constrained brain networks.
Uri Grodzinski and Nicola S. Clayton
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014717
- eISBN:
- 9780262289818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014717.003.0004
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
Evidence from the field of comparative cognition suggests that many mammal and bird species possess cognitive abilities, such as the use of episodic-like memory of past events to modify behavior ...
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Evidence from the field of comparative cognition suggests that many mammal and bird species possess cognitive abilities, such as the use of episodic-like memory of past events to modify behavior flexibly and “understanding” physical properties. The convergent evolution of particular cognitive abilities in primates and corvids indicates that the type of coordination required for cognitive abilities has evolved at least twice. This chapter explores the link between comparative cognition and dynamic coordination in the brain. It looks at a number of recent examples of animal cognition and discusses the sort of coordination they require.Less
Evidence from the field of comparative cognition suggests that many mammal and bird species possess cognitive abilities, such as the use of episodic-like memory of past events to modify behavior flexibly and “understanding” physical properties. The convergent evolution of particular cognitive abilities in primates and corvids indicates that the type of coordination required for cognitive abilities has evolved at least twice. This chapter explores the link between comparative cognition and dynamic coordination in the brain. It looks at a number of recent examples of animal cognition and discusses the sort of coordination they require.
Yves Frégnac, Pedro V. Carelli, Marc Pananceau, and Cyril Monier
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014717
- eISBN:
- 9780262289818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014717.003.0012
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
This chapter explores dynamic coordination in the primary sensory cortex of mammals during low-level (non-attention-related) perception. It considers the possible existence of subcortical or cortical ...
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This chapter explores dynamic coordination in the primary sensory cortex of mammals during low-level (non-attention-related) perception. It considers the possible existence of subcortical or cortical supervisors in higher mammals and explains how coordination is generated by the sensory drive and amplified by built-in anisotropies in the network connectivity. Drawing on synaptic functional imaging (at the intracellular level) and real-time voltage-sensitive dye network imaging (at the functional map level), it illustrates the role of intracortical depolarizing waves whose functional features support the hypothesis of a dynamic association field. These waves help propagate synaptic modulation in space and time via lateral (and perhaps feedback) connectivity, which explains the emergence of illusions predicted by Gestalt theory. The chapter also explains how lateral propagation waves are reconstructed from synaptic echoes and looks at the propagation of orientation belief.Less
This chapter explores dynamic coordination in the primary sensory cortex of mammals during low-level (non-attention-related) perception. It considers the possible existence of subcortical or cortical supervisors in higher mammals and explains how coordination is generated by the sensory drive and amplified by built-in anisotropies in the network connectivity. Drawing on synaptic functional imaging (at the intracellular level) and real-time voltage-sensitive dye network imaging (at the functional map level), it illustrates the role of intracortical depolarizing waves whose functional features support the hypothesis of a dynamic association field. These waves help propagate synaptic modulation in space and time via lateral (and perhaps feedback) connectivity, which explains the emergence of illusions predicted by Gestalt theory. The chapter also explains how lateral propagation waves are reconstructed from synaptic echoes and looks at the propagation of orientation belief.
Jochen Triesch, Constantin Rothkopf, and Thomas Weisswange
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014717
- eISBN:
- 9780262289818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014717.003.0015
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
In order for perception to be effective, many noisy and ambiguous sensory signals across different modalities (for example, vision, audition) must be integrated into stable percepts. This chapter ...
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In order for perception to be effective, many noisy and ambiguous sensory signals across different modalities (for example, vision, audition) must be integrated into stable percepts. This chapter explores dynamic coordination in the integration of sensory information, with an emphasis on why and how the brain integrates sensory signals. It also considers how the brain knows when to integrate signals and when to treat them separately.Less
In order for perception to be effective, many noisy and ambiguous sensory signals across different modalities (for example, vision, audition) must be integrated into stable percepts. This chapter explores dynamic coordination in the integration of sensory information, with an emphasis on why and how the brain integrates sensory signals. It also considers how the brain knows when to integrate signals and when to treat them separately.
Morana Alač
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262015684
- eISBN:
- 9780262295475
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262015684.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
The results of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain scanning require extensive analysis in the laboratory. This book shows that fMRI researchers do not sit passively staring at computer ...
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The results of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain scanning require extensive analysis in the laboratory. This book shows that fMRI researchers do not sit passively staring at computer screens but actively involve their bodies in laboratory practice. Discussing fMRI visuals with colleagues, scientists animate the scans with gestures and speak as they work with computers. The author argues that to understand how digital scientific visuals take on meaning, we must consider their dynamic coordination with gesture, speech, and working hands—multimodal actions, which, she suggests, are an essential component of digital scientific visuals. A semiotician who was trained in cognitive science, she grounds her discussion in concepts from Peirce's semiotics and her methodology in ethnography and multimodal conversation analysis. Basing her observations on videotaped recordings of activities in three fMRI research labs, the author describes scientists' manual engagement with digital visuals of the human brain, and then turns her attention to the issue of practical thinking. The book argues that although fMRI technology directs scientists to consider human thinking in terms of an individual brain, scientific practices in the fMRI lab demonstrate thinking that engages the whole body and the world in which the body is situated. The turn toward the digital does not bring with it abstraction but a manual and embodied engagement. The practical and multimodal engagement with digital brains in the laboratory challenges certain assumptions behind fMRI technology; it suggests our hands are essential to learning and the making of meaning.Less
The results of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain scanning require extensive analysis in the laboratory. This book shows that fMRI researchers do not sit passively staring at computer screens but actively involve their bodies in laboratory practice. Discussing fMRI visuals with colleagues, scientists animate the scans with gestures and speak as they work with computers. The author argues that to understand how digital scientific visuals take on meaning, we must consider their dynamic coordination with gesture, speech, and working hands—multimodal actions, which, she suggests, are an essential component of digital scientific visuals. A semiotician who was trained in cognitive science, she grounds her discussion in concepts from Peirce's semiotics and her methodology in ethnography and multimodal conversation analysis. Basing her observations on videotaped recordings of activities in three fMRI research labs, the author describes scientists' manual engagement with digital visuals of the human brain, and then turns her attention to the issue of practical thinking. The book argues that although fMRI technology directs scientists to consider human thinking in terms of an individual brain, scientific practices in the fMRI lab demonstrate thinking that engages the whole body and the world in which the body is situated. The turn toward the digital does not bring with it abstraction but a manual and embodied engagement. The practical and multimodal engagement with digital brains in the laboratory challenges certain assumptions behind fMRI technology; it suggests our hands are essential to learning and the making of meaning.
Evan Balaban, Shimon Edelman, Sten Grillner, Uri Grodzinski, Erich D. Jarvis, Jon H. Kaas, Gilles Laurent, and Gordon Pipa
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014717
- eISBN:
- 9780262289818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014717.003.0005
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
Comparative biology can offer important insights into the evolution of dynamic coordination in the brain. This chapter explores the neural machinery and computations shared by all nervous systems ...
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Comparative biology can offer important insights into the evolution of dynamic coordination in the brain. This chapter explores the neural machinery and computations shared by all nervous systems across the animal kingdom, taking into account the fact the complex relationships in coordination between nervous systems and the behavior they produce. It discusses the comparative approaches used to probe brain structure and function, and examines whether there are any fundamental “phase transitions” occurring across groups of organisms in the basic components that build neural circuits and in the kind of computations that these can perform. It also considers the fundamental unity of the functional aspects of neurons, neural circuits, and neural computations in animals such as mammals and birds. Finally, it explains how brain similarities and differences can be used to elucidate complex brain-behavior relationships.Less
Comparative biology can offer important insights into the evolution of dynamic coordination in the brain. This chapter explores the neural machinery and computations shared by all nervous systems across the animal kingdom, taking into account the fact the complex relationships in coordination between nervous systems and the behavior they produce. It discusses the comparative approaches used to probe brain structure and function, and examines whether there are any fundamental “phase transitions” occurring across groups of organisms in the basic components that build neural circuits and in the kind of computations that these can perform. It also considers the fundamental unity of the functional aspects of neurons, neural circuits, and neural computations in animals such as mammals and birds. Finally, it explains how brain similarities and differences can be used to elucidate complex brain-behavior relationships.
Catherine Tallon-Baudry
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014717
- eISBN:
- 9780262289818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014717.003.0016
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
Researchers in human cognitive neuroscience have long been trying to understand how thoughts can arise from billions of interconnected neurons. Despite the significant advances in human brain imaging ...
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Researchers in human cognitive neuroscience have long been trying to understand how thoughts can arise from billions of interconnected neurons. Despite the significant advances in human brain imaging over the last two decades, how activity is coordinated in the activated network remains unknown. This chapter examines the different modes of neural coordination that have been analyzed theoretically and experimentally and outlines the distinction between well-learned behavior and dynamic neural coordination in flexibly defined neural ensembles. Well-learned behavior can take advantage of prespecified neural routes while dynamic neural coordination can give rise to new percepts and/or creative behaviors. The chapter discusses the role of brain rhythms in human cognition in the context of dynamic coordination. It also explains why different frequency bands coexist and interact using a hypothetical but comprehensive schema.Less
Researchers in human cognitive neuroscience have long been trying to understand how thoughts can arise from billions of interconnected neurons. Despite the significant advances in human brain imaging over the last two decades, how activity is coordinated in the activated network remains unknown. This chapter examines the different modes of neural coordination that have been analyzed theoretically and experimentally and outlines the distinction between well-learned behavior and dynamic neural coordination in flexibly defined neural ensembles. Well-learned behavior can take advantage of prespecified neural routes while dynamic neural coordination can give rise to new percepts and/or creative behaviors. The chapter discusses the role of brain rhythms in human cognition in the context of dynamic coordination. It also explains why different frequency bands coexist and interact using a hypothetical but comprehensive schema.
Anders Lansner and Mikael Lundqvist
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014717
- eISBN:
- 9780262289818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014717.003.0006
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
Computational modeling is used in neuroscience to connect cortical microscopic processes at the cellular and synaptic level with large-scale cortical dynamics and coordination that underlie ...
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Computational modeling is used in neuroscience to connect cortical microscopic processes at the cellular and synaptic level with large-scale cortical dynamics and coordination that underlie perceptual and cognitive functions. The holistic processing and global coordination characteristic of cortical information processing and dynamics may be explained with the aid of the Hebbian cell assembly and attractor network paradigm. Using a large-scale model of cortical layers 2/3, this chapter explores the fundamental holistic perceptual and associative memory functions performed by the neocortex, focusing on cortical local subnetworks and functional microcircuits. It looks at the possible roles of oscillations and synchrony for processing and dynamic coordination in the brain, along with cortical connectivity, modularization, and layered structure. It also discusses plasticity in the microcircuit and global network.Less
Computational modeling is used in neuroscience to connect cortical microscopic processes at the cellular and synaptic level with large-scale cortical dynamics and coordination that underlie perceptual and cognitive functions. The holistic processing and global coordination characteristic of cortical information processing and dynamics may be explained with the aid of the Hebbian cell assembly and attractor network paradigm. Using a large-scale model of cortical layers 2/3, this chapter explores the fundamental holistic perceptual and associative memory functions performed by the neocortex, focusing on cortical local subnetworks and functional microcircuits. It looks at the possible roles of oscillations and synchrony for processing and dynamic coordination in the brain, along with cortical connectivity, modularization, and layered structure. It also discusses plasticity in the microcircuit and global network.
Miles A. Whittington, Nancy J. Kopell, and Roger D. Traub
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014717
- eISBN:
- 9780262289818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014717.003.0008
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
This chapter discusses some of the basic features of neuronal circuits underlying the population rhythms that can be generated in very small areas of the cortex from slow waves up to extremely fast ...
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This chapter discusses some of the basic features of neuronal circuits underlying the population rhythms that can be generated in very small areas of the cortex from slow waves up to extremely fast oscillations. These rhythms are produced via intrinsic neuronal properties combined with chemical and electrical synaptic connectivity profiles. Multiple concurrently generated cortical rhythms can exhibit various forms of coordination, such as concatenation. After providing an overview of how rhythms are generated in the cortex, the chapter examines features of local cortical circuits that generate rhythms. It also discusses synaptic excitation and synaptic inhibition, gap junctions, and features involved in dynamic coordination in the brain.Less
This chapter discusses some of the basic features of neuronal circuits underlying the population rhythms that can be generated in very small areas of the cortex from slow waves up to extremely fast oscillations. These rhythms are produced via intrinsic neuronal properties combined with chemical and electrical synaptic connectivity profiles. Multiple concurrently generated cortical rhythms can exhibit various forms of coordination, such as concatenation. After providing an overview of how rhythms are generated in the cortex, the chapter examines features of local cortical circuits that generate rhythms. It also discusses synaptic excitation and synaptic inhibition, gap junctions, and features involved in dynamic coordination in the brain.
Christoph von der Malsburg
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014717
- eISBN:
- 9780262289818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014717.003.0010
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
This chapter explores the nature and meaning of local brain states that must be brought together when trying to apply our everyday concept of dynamic coordination to the brain, along with the nature ...
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This chapter explores the nature and meaning of local brain states that must be brought together when trying to apply our everyday concept of dynamic coordination to the brain, along with the nature of meaningful structural relationships and how they are learned by the brain. It also discusses the role of focal attention, how the brain evaluates its current level of coordination, how brain states address goals, the nature of our environment’s statistics and how it is captured by the brain, and the mechanisms that endow brain dynamics with a tendency to fall into coordinated states.Less
This chapter explores the nature and meaning of local brain states that must be brought together when trying to apply our everyday concept of dynamic coordination to the brain, along with the nature of meaningful structural relationships and how they are learned by the brain. It also discusses the role of focal attention, how the brain evaluates its current level of coordination, how brain states address goals, the nature of our environment’s statistics and how it is captured by the brain, and the mechanisms that endow brain dynamics with a tendency to fall into coordinated states.
Ilona Kovács
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014717
- eISBN:
- 9780262289818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014717.003.0014
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
This chapter examines dynamic coordination in Gestalt perception by focusing on the problem of accumulating local errors and the trade-off between spatial and temporal resolution in pictorial ...
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This chapter examines dynamic coordination in Gestalt perception by focusing on the problem of accumulating local errors and the trade-off between spatial and temporal resolution in pictorial representations. It illustrates the first issue by using an old and wonderful architectural mystery, the enigma of the Florence Dome, and the second issue using the history of photography. The solutions to both problems are based on global geometry. The two classic examples are accompanied by visual phenomena showing the relevance of symmetry-based representations in the dynamic coordination of visual perception. The chapter also looks at the unsolved problem of segmentation in vision, contrast sensitivity maps and image compression in the visual cortex, and how synchronous firing of orientation-tuned neurons mediates the compression and provides “hot-spots” in the neural representation of the segmented visual input.Less
This chapter examines dynamic coordination in Gestalt perception by focusing on the problem of accumulating local errors and the trade-off between spatial and temporal resolution in pictorial representations. It illustrates the first issue by using an old and wonderful architectural mystery, the enigma of the Florence Dome, and the second issue using the history of photography. The solutions to both problems are based on global geometry. The two classic examples are accompanied by visual phenomena showing the relevance of symmetry-based representations in the dynamic coordination of visual perception. The chapter also looks at the unsolved problem of segmentation in vision, contrast sensitivity maps and image compression in the visual cortex, and how synchronous firing of orientation-tuned neurons mediates the compression and provides “hot-spots” in the neural representation of the segmented visual input.
