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Spaces for Music in Sixteenth-Century Paduan Courts

GUIDO BELTRAMINI

in The Music Room in Early Modern France and Italy: Sound, Space and Object

This chapter is dedicated to a particular culture relating to the way one might ideally lead one's life in line with ancient practices and views. The trend in question, which developed in Padua in ... More

This chapter is dedicated to a particular culture relating to the way one might ideally lead one's life in line with ancient practices and views. The trend in question, which developed in Padua in the first half of the Cinquecento, was promoted by such humanists as Pietro Bembo, Alvise Cornaro and Marco Mantova Benavides. Exceptional connoisseurs of the mores and values of antiquity, these intellectuals personally supervised and directed the building of their homes. Following the model of Hadrian's villa at Tivoli, the complexes of these Paduan residences comprised dwelling areas, pavilions, large gardens and the installation of fountains, statues and rare plants. Inspired by literary sources, the ideal of recreating the ‘ancient’ way of life, in which music played a crucial role, was revived.Less

Houses, bodies and tombs

Richard Bradley

in Going Over: The Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition in North-West Europe

The house is among the features that are supposed to characterize early farming. Its presence implies sedentism, while its absence suggests a mobile pattern of settlement. That idea raises many ... More

The house is among the features that are supposed to characterize early farming. Its presence implies sedentism, while its absence suggests a mobile pattern of settlement. That idea raises many problems. What applies to individual houses also applies to settlements. British archaeologists have been frustrated by their inability to locate what they had expected to find. If people were growing crops and raising livestock, then surely they must have occupied more substantial shelters than mobile hunter-gatherers, and their living sites ought to be easier to identify. That has been difficult to demonstrate, with the result that at different times a wide variety of earthwork enclosures have been claimed as permanent settlements; ditches and pits have been recruited as subterranean dwellings; and even mortuary monuments have been assigned to the living rather than the dead. This chapter argues that the survival of houses has been given an importance that it cannot support. It suggests that the reason why the field evidence poses so many problems is because the histories of the buildings in which people had lived were reflected by the ways in which their bodies were treated when they died.Less

Cities in Ruin

John Macdonald, Charles Branas, and Robert Stokes

in Changing Places: The Science and Art of New Urban Planning

This chapter focuses on urban building and housing interventions that have been evaluated at some of the highest levels of scientific evidence. Building and housing interventions strongly appeal to ... More

This chapter focuses on urban building and housing interventions that have been evaluated at some of the highest levels of scientific evidence. Building and housing interventions strongly appeal to policy makers and the public who intrinsically recognize the basic human need for shelter. The most blighted and neglected human dwellings in cities provide a strong basis for motivating action. After all, one can clearly see a significant change in an area when old buildings and physical structures are razed and new ones constructed. Questions arise, however, in terms of the actual need for complete replacement with new structures, as opposed to more widespread renovations and preservation of old buildings. It is equally important to consider the effect that urban-revitalization activities—especially in residential districts—have on gentrification and the possible reduction of a city's affordable housing stock, which itself influences health and safety. The chapter then discusses examples of building interventions that have failed to produce positive evidence and ones that have shown success without causing significant dislocation or displacement.Less

in the House of the Lord

Robert Wuthnow

in After Heaven: Spirituality in America Since the 1950s

This chapter studies the role places of worship play in American spirituality. It considers the extent to which U.S. culture associates spirituality with the idea of inhabiting a space that has been ... More

This chapter studies the role places of worship play in American spirituality. It considers the extent to which U.S. culture associates spirituality with the idea of inhabiting a space that has been sacralized. It then studies the Americans' attachment to sacred places and describes spiritual dwellings during the 1950s. It notes the way religious leaders made spirituality virtually equivalent to participating in the local congregation. This chapter also discusses the influence of social conditions on the Americans' desire to dwell with God, the limitations of spiritual homes, and the search for a sacred place.Less

Large housing estates in Europe: a contemporary overview

Karien Dekker and Ronald van Kempen

in Restructuring large housing estates in Europe: Restructuring and resistance inside the welfare industry

This chapter examines the present situation of large housing estates in Europe based on data obtained from detailed studies of estates in the RESTATE project. The findings reveal that the physical ... More

This chapter examines the present situation of large housing estates in Europe based on data obtained from detailed studies of estates in the RESTATE project. The findings reveal that the physical layout of houses is mostly the same: low- or high-rise multi-family dwellings with large green public spaces seem to predominate. The chapter suggests that although there are broad similarities between estates in European cities, they are most definitely not all the same and their diversity is crucial when implementing housing policies.Less

The Houses Described

Nicholas Cahill

in Household and City Organization at Olynthus

This chapter examines thirteen of the better-preserved dwellings, including houses of regular and irregular plans, houses that seem to be primarily domestic in nature, and houses in which other ... More

This chapter examines thirteen of the better-preserved dwellings, including houses of regular and irregular plans, houses that seem to be primarily domestic in nature, and houses in which other activities—trade, small-scale industry, and the like—took place. The selection of houses was chosen to include examples of both regular and irregularly planned houses, houses with different sorts of artifact assemblages and facilities, houses where different sorts of activities and patterns of organization are represented. Although the House of Many Colors is architecturally unusual, with sophisticated features such as the light well and the exedra south of the court, it still serves as a good introduction to the organization of space in Olynthian houses. In many respects the Villa of the Bronzes is similar in plan and use of space to the House of Many Colors. In the House of the Tiled Prothyron there is a relative scarcity of specialized domestic spaces.Less

Facilitating Neighborhood Growth: A Commonsense Approach to Public Safety from the Relational Paradigm

James J. Nolan, Jeri Kirby, and Ronald Althouse

in Resolving Community Conflicts and Problems: Public Deliberation and Sustained Dialogue

This chapter reports on a study of neighborhoods in Manchester and Fineview to discuss the problems associated with rising crime and deteriorating police-community relations. Both neighborhoods were ... More

This chapter reports on a study of neighborhoods in Manchester and Fineview to discuss the problems associated with rising crime and deteriorating police-community relations. Both neighborhoods were qualitatively different in terms of the types of conflicts present within the neighborhoods and between the residents and the police. In Manchester, the residents were very cohesive and worked together to solve neighborhood problems such as open-air drug dealing and youth gangs. Although the residents were cohesive in some regards, Manchester was in a state of conflict with the police over contested terrain. On the other hand, the residents of Fineview were divided in two communities. The first group was represented as the Fineview Community Group (FCG), while the second was represented as the Dwellings. In the FCG, the police lacked the enthusiasm for the services outside police work that the members required of them. In contrast, police patrol acted like warriors in the high-crime area of the Dwellings.Less

Dwelling on the Past: Late Archaic Structures of the Ohio Region

Matthew P. Purtill

in Building the Past: Prehistoric Wooden Post Architecture in the Ohio Valley-Great Lakes

Traditionally, evidence for domestic dwellings dating to the Late Archaic Period, here defined as between 6000 and 2650 B.P., has been rare and ephemeral. With the advent of CRM archaeology, however, ... More

Traditionally, evidence for domestic dwellings dating to the Late Archaic Period, here defined as between 6000 and 2650 B.P., has been rare and ephemeral. With the advent of CRM archaeology, however, the inventory of known structures in Ohio and surrounding regions has expanded considerably over the last 30 years. To date, several forms have been documented including circular, oval, C-shaped, and rectangular patterns. At certain sites, evidence points to use of only one form; whereas at other sites simultaneous use of more than one structural type is indicated. Although our knowledge of this early architecture has grown, no attempts have been made to synthesize available data in Ohio or along segments of the Ohio River (e.g., northern Kentucky, northwestern West Virginia). This chapter provides a complete inventory of all Late Archaic structures in the region and highlights possible chronological and regional trends in form, construction methods, and size.Less

The Relation of the Negroes to the Whites in the South: 1901

W. E. B. DU BOIS

Nahum Dimitri Chandler (ed.)

in The Problem of the Color Line at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: The Essential Early Essays

This chapter presents an essay by W. E. B. Du Bois on how the black race in the South meets and mingles with the whites, in matters of everyday life. It identifies the main lines of action and ... More

This chapter presents an essay by W. E. B. Du Bois on how the black race in the South meets and mingles with the whites, in matters of everyday life. It identifies the main lines of action and communication that the contact of men and their relations to each other fall into. First, there is the physical proximity of homes and dwelling places, the way in which neighborhoods group themselves, and the contiguity of neighborhoods. Second, there are the economic relations—the methods by which individuals cooperate for earning a living, for the mutual satisfaction of wants, for the production of wealth. Third are the political relations, the cooperation in social control in group government, in laying and paying the burden of taxation. In the fourth place there are the less tangible but highly important forms of intellectual contact and commerce, the interchange of ideas through conversation and conference, periodicals and libraries, and the gradual formation for each community of that curious tertium quid called public opinion. Finally, there are the varying forms of religious enterprise, of moral teaching and benevolent endeavor.Less

The transformation process

in Extending Themselves: User Initiated Transformations of Government-built Housing in Developing Countries

This chapter discusses the transformation of government-built housing. It covers the construction process; regulation by planning authorities; phases of transformation; scale; timing; cost; finance; ... More

This chapter discusses the transformation of government-built housing. It covers the construction process; regulation by planning authorities; phases of transformation; scale; timing; cost; finance; the housing adjustment process through transformation; why occupiers extend; and problems encountered.Less

Housing

in Rebuilding Mostar: Urban Reconstruction in a War Zone

This chapter discusses the reconstruction of houses in Mostar. It covers light damage housing repair; medium and heavy damage housing repair programme; apartment block repair programme; and projects ... More

This chapter discusses the reconstruction of houses in Mostar. It covers light damage housing repair; medium and heavy damage housing repair programme; apartment block repair programme; and projects to repair component systems in dwellings which were not otherwise badly damaged. All these projects were directed by a housing committee. Just before Christmas 1996 they held the last meeting and a small reception afterwards to thank the numerous co-workers. The committee had met one hundred twenty times, executed forty-four contracts, and repaired six thousand five hundred houses with thirty-five thousand beneficiaries, expending a total of DM40 million.Less

The Work of Technisches Hilfswerk in Housing Repair

Andreas Seebacher

in Rebuilding Mostar: Urban Reconstruction in a War Zone

This chapter discusses the work of the German federal emergency organisation Technisches Hilfswerk (THW) in Mostar. It focuses on the repair of buildings and flats covered by two different ... More

This chapter discusses the work of the German federal emergency organisation Technisches Hilfswerk (THW) in Mostar. It focuses on the repair of buildings and flats covered by two different programmes. One programme, subdivided into several phases, dealt with the distribution of building materials to families, to allow the repair of their dwellings. Approximately 3700 families were helped between August 1994 and August 1996. The other one, the so-called ‘ad hoc measure programme’, tackled various interventions and covered approximately 2800 cases.Less

From Polis to Madina: The Evolution of Large Urban Communities

Gideon Avni

in The Byzantine-Islamic Transition in Palestine: An Archaeological Approach

This chapter details the settlement processes and ethno-religious variability in four cities: Caesarea Maritima, the capital of Palestina Prima in the Byzantine period and a major commercial centre, ... More

This chapter details the settlement processes and ethno-religious variability in four cities: Caesarea Maritima, the capital of Palestina Prima in the Byzantine period and a major commercial centre, which was transferred into a medium-sized town; Beth Shean, the capital of Palestina Secunda, which went through a similar process of abatement, evolving into a local hub; Tiberias, a medium-sized Byzantine town that became the capital of Jund al-Urdunn in Early Islamic times and expanded dramatically in area and population; and Gerasa/Jarash, a thriving Byzantine city which continued to flourish in the Early Islamic period. The discussion concentrates on urban layout and zoning, the ethno-religious affiliation of these cities’ populations, and the agricultural hinterlands. An alternative approach is presented for the mechanism of urban change, suggesting a complicated process of gradual changes and a slow and delayed response to the political events of the seventh century.Less

The Lowest Circle of Hell

in The Liverpool Underworld: Crime in the City, 1750-1900

This chapter examines the conditions of the poor Irish migrants in Liverpool during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It explains that the Irish poor often sought warmth and comfort in ... More

This chapter examines the conditions of the poor Irish migrants in Liverpool during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It explains that the Irish poor often sought warmth and comfort in brightly lit public houses and some of them also lived in subterranean dwellings. There were around 39,000 people crammed into 7,800 cellars during the 1860s. This chapter also describes the living conditions of working–class Irish migrants who lived in confined spaces, either domestically or out on the bustling streets.Less

The Domestic Ideal

Kathleen James-Chakraborty

in Architecture since 1400

This chapter discusses the transformation of domestic architecture in the nineteenth century. From the nineteenth century and up to the present, the English-speaking world developed a preference for ... More

This chapter discusses the transformation of domestic architecture in the nineteenth century. From the nineteenth century and up to the present, the English-speaking world developed a preference for detached or semidetached housing on the fringes of cities, thus separating dwelling from working, shopping, and governing. This separation occurred when the Industrial Revolution began moving more and more income-producing jobs away from the home to the factory or the office and also, through the railroad and the steamship, provided new ways of traveling between the two. The result was the suburb, as well as new ways of thinking about the importance of how buildings are made, organized, decorated, and inhabited. Nuclear family households were also seen by men and women as essential to upholding the moral values that were being eroded by industrialization. Many women championed this ideal, which they used to extend the accepted arena and authority of middle-class women as housewives and reformers. This sentimental view of the middle-class home, as well as early alternatives to it, in turn inspired reforms in decorative arts, domestic architecture, landscape architecture, and suburban planning.Less

Architecture: Halls and Houses

Julian Thomas

in The Birth of Neolithic Britain: An Interpretive Account

This chapter considers the significance of timber halls and houses in the Early Neolithic. It argues that hall-building marked the process by which communities ‘became Neolithic’, for it brought ... More

This chapter considers the significance of timber halls and houses in the Early Neolithic. It argues that hall-building marked the process by which communities ‘became Neolithic’, for it brought about a transformation of social relationships. The foundation of house societies created bounded groups, attached to a body of wealth and a physical structure. Hall-building introduced discontinuity into both space and society. The hall itself was often literally a store of collective wealth, in the form of grain, hazelnuts, and other foodstuffs. This wealth provided one of the means by which the community enhanced its solidarity and engaged in competition, through conspicuous consumption. Another lay in the expenditure of effort on the hall buildings, which became progressively more monumental and elaborate.Less

Improved Infrastructure and Leisure

David George Surdam

in Century of the Leisured Masses: Entertainment and the Transformation of Twentieth-Century America

Improved infrastructure affected Americans’ leisure choices during the twentieth century. Automobiles and improved roads, suburbanization, and electricity contributed to the rising standard of ... More

Improved infrastructure affected Americans’ leisure choices during the twentieth century. Automobiles and improved roads, suburbanization, and electricity contributed to the rising standard of living. Automobiles and the burgeoning freeway system made travel for leisure easier and safer and changed leisure patterns. Americans demonstrated their preference for single-family dwellings in their exodus from city tenements to suburban sprawl. Electricity made Americans more productive at work and at home, as electrical appliances reduced the physical drudgery, if not the actual hours, of housekeeping. Air conditioning depended upon widespread electrical service. Suburban, air-conditioned homes created new patterns of leisure, including drive-in movies, backyard barbeques, and home do-it-yourself projects. The diffusion of televisions and the postwar suburbanization pointed toward an emphasis on domestic togetherness.Less