Jaap Goudsmit
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195130348
- eISBN:
- 9780199790166
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195130348.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Microbiology
This chapter discusses the flu virus. The virus that causes the annual epidemics of influenza travels through the air. Although flu is widely viewed as a human disease, its agent is by nature a virus ...
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This chapter discusses the flu virus. The virus that causes the annual epidemics of influenza travels through the air. Although flu is widely viewed as a human disease, its agent is by nature a virus of birds. Circumstances may force this avian virus to infect other animals, but it is most at home in wild ducks. Contact with wild birds or their excrement causes epidemics of flu virus infections in seals, whales, horses, chickens, turkeys, and pigs. The transmission of the flu virus to humans and flu epidemics are discussed.Less
This chapter discusses the flu virus. The virus that causes the annual epidemics of influenza travels through the air. Although flu is widely viewed as a human disease, its agent is by nature a virus of birds. Circumstances may force this avian virus to infect other animals, but it is most at home in wild ducks. Contact with wild birds or their excrement causes epidemics of flu virus infections in seals, whales, horses, chickens, turkeys, and pigs. The transmission of the flu virus to humans and flu epidemics are discussed.
David Manning
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195182392
- eISBN:
- 9780199851485
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182392.003.0022
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
By the eighties, at all events at Charterhouse, the arts, even the art of music, were mildly encouraged. There were in my time two presiding authorities over Carthusian music: Mr G. H. Robinson, the ...
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By the eighties, at all events at Charterhouse, the arts, even the art of music, were mildly encouraged. There were in my time two presiding authorities over Carthusian music: Mr G. H. Robinson, the organist; and Mr Becker, who taught the pianoforte and also played the horn. Robinson was a sensitive musician and a kind-hearted man, and gave leave to practise on the chapel organ. There was one competent organist among the boys: H. C. Erskine, who was able to give a very good performance of Johann Sebastian Bach's “St Anne's” Fugue. This chapter ought to mention a boy whose name later became vicariously famous: Gordon Woodhouse. One cannot write of Carthusian music without mentioning “Duck” Girdlestone, he was a keen amateur musician and conducted the weekly practices of the school orchestra.Less
By the eighties, at all events at Charterhouse, the arts, even the art of music, were mildly encouraged. There were in my time two presiding authorities over Carthusian music: Mr G. H. Robinson, the organist; and Mr Becker, who taught the pianoforte and also played the horn. Robinson was a sensitive musician and a kind-hearted man, and gave leave to practise on the chapel organ. There was one competent organist among the boys: H. C. Erskine, who was able to give a very good performance of Johann Sebastian Bach's “St Anne's” Fugue. This chapter ought to mention a boy whose name later became vicariously famous: Gordon Woodhouse. One cannot write of Carthusian music without mentioning “Duck” Girdlestone, he was a keen amateur musician and conducted the weekly practices of the school orchestra.
Dee Garrison
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195183191
- eISBN:
- 9780199788804
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183191.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
At the dawn of the nuclear age, the US government was faced with an impossible task: to convince the American public that it could survive a nuclear attack. And so civil defense was born. Numerous ...
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At the dawn of the nuclear age, the US government was faced with an impossible task: to convince the American public that it could survive a nuclear attack. And so civil defense was born. Numerous federal and state civil defense programs sprang up, intended to pacify the population and legitimize deterrence policy, as well as to justify the billions spent on secret underground bomb shelters reserved for the government elite. A generation of Americans was indoctrinated to the catchy tune of “duck and cover”. Yet the civil defense program was a complete failure. In the 1950s and 1960s, early protests against federal nuclear air raid drills greatly strengthened public awareness of the deadly nature of nuclear war. The 1980s brought a second wave of protests, as millions of citizens throughout the United States rejected new forms of civil defense and a crisis relocation plan to evacuate urban populations into “safer” rural areas if nuclear war seemed imminent. Political leaders and members of Congress consistently starved civil defense initiatives, while most citizens ridiculed and rejected both its practice and its very premise. Widespread skepticism about civil defense came to threaten not just deterrence policy, but the entire Cold War system of nuclear crisis management. This book aims to pull back the curtain on the US government's civil defense plans from World War II through the end of the Cold War. Based on government documents, peace organizations, personal papers, scientific reports, oral histories, newspapers, and popular media, the book chronicles the operations of the various federal and state civil defense programs from 1945 to contemporary issues of homeland security, as well as the origins and development of the massive public protest against civil defense from 1955 through the 1980s.Less
At the dawn of the nuclear age, the US government was faced with an impossible task: to convince the American public that it could survive a nuclear attack. And so civil defense was born. Numerous federal and state civil defense programs sprang up, intended to pacify the population and legitimize deterrence policy, as well as to justify the billions spent on secret underground bomb shelters reserved for the government elite. A generation of Americans was indoctrinated to the catchy tune of “duck and cover”. Yet the civil defense program was a complete failure. In the 1950s and 1960s, early protests against federal nuclear air raid drills greatly strengthened public awareness of the deadly nature of nuclear war. The 1980s brought a second wave of protests, as millions of citizens throughout the United States rejected new forms of civil defense and a crisis relocation plan to evacuate urban populations into “safer” rural areas if nuclear war seemed imminent. Political leaders and members of Congress consistently starved civil defense initiatives, while most citizens ridiculed and rejected both its practice and its very premise. Widespread skepticism about civil defense came to threaten not just deterrence policy, but the entire Cold War system of nuclear crisis management. This book aims to pull back the curtain on the US government's civil defense plans from World War II through the end of the Cold War. Based on government documents, peace organizations, personal papers, scientific reports, oral histories, newspapers, and popular media, the book chronicles the operations of the various federal and state civil defense programs from 1945 to contemporary issues of homeland security, as well as the origins and development of the massive public protest against civil defense from 1955 through the 1980s.
Tan See Kam
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9789888208852
- eISBN:
- 9789888313518
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888208852.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Tsui Hark’s Hong Kong New Wave film Peking Opera Blues (1986) is set in a China marked by contestations between Republican democrats and monarchist revivalists (circa 1913). Through various acts of ...
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Tsui Hark’s Hong Kong New Wave film Peking Opera Blues (1986) is set in a China marked by contestations between Republican democrats and monarchist revivalists (circa 1913). Through various acts of reading film in different (though intertextually connected) ways along a formalist-historical-postmodernist continuum this book offers various reading strategies which reveal the film’s richness in terms of textual contours, textual affects, and ideological influences. Five acts of reading are explored which variously and collectively deconstruct the film’s playful intertextual and hypertextual configurations. Tsui Hark’s filmmaking career is summarized, and a polysemous analysis of the film’s story and form; its historical background; a companion film Shanghai Blues; Peking opera; Canto-pop and Mandarin songs; mandarin ducks and butterfly fiction; and the “three-women” film in Chinese-language cinema, are all explored within the general context of Hong Kong New Wave filmmaking and the issues of Chinese identity, culture, power in the contemporary politics of Hong Kong as they pertain to the Sinophone realms of articulations. Overall, the book asks a central question for film studies: does the film as a cultural and social artifact merely tell stories about the past or does it seek to reclaim lost territory in metafictional ways, with significant resonance for reading contemporary situations?Less
Tsui Hark’s Hong Kong New Wave film Peking Opera Blues (1986) is set in a China marked by contestations between Republican democrats and monarchist revivalists (circa 1913). Through various acts of reading film in different (though intertextually connected) ways along a formalist-historical-postmodernist continuum this book offers various reading strategies which reveal the film’s richness in terms of textual contours, textual affects, and ideological influences. Five acts of reading are explored which variously and collectively deconstruct the film’s playful intertextual and hypertextual configurations. Tsui Hark’s filmmaking career is summarized, and a polysemous analysis of the film’s story and form; its historical background; a companion film Shanghai Blues; Peking opera; Canto-pop and Mandarin songs; mandarin ducks and butterfly fiction; and the “three-women” film in Chinese-language cinema, are all explored within the general context of Hong Kong New Wave filmmaking and the issues of Chinese identity, culture, power in the contemporary politics of Hong Kong as they pertain to the Sinophone realms of articulations. Overall, the book asks a central question for film studies: does the film as a cultural and social artifact merely tell stories about the past or does it seek to reclaim lost territory in metafictional ways, with significant resonance for reading contemporary situations?
Charles A. Corr
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195340709
- eISBN:
- 9780199999927
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340709.003.0022
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Paediatric Palliative Medicine, Pain Management and Palliative Pharmacology
This chapter provides a list of recommended and annotated death-related literature for children and adolescents. These include Timothy Duck: The Story of the Death of a Friend by L.B. Blackburn, The ...
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This chapter provides a list of recommended and annotated death-related literature for children and adolescents. These include Timothy Duck: The Story of the Death of a Friend by L.B. Blackburn, The Angel with the Golden Glow by E. Al-Chokhachy, Anna's Scrapbook: Journal of a Sister's Love by S. Aiken, and A Death in the Family by J. Agee.Less
This chapter provides a list of recommended and annotated death-related literature for children and adolescents. These include Timothy Duck: The Story of the Death of a Friend by L.B. Blackburn, The Angel with the Golden Glow by E. Al-Chokhachy, Anna's Scrapbook: Journal of a Sister's Love by S. Aiken, and A Death in the Family by J. Agee.
Jussi Hanhimäki
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195172218
- eISBN:
- 9780199849994
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195172218.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter illustrates Kissinger's growing interest in an opening to China as a result of what he saw as the compensating gains that such a move would bring the United States. Kissinger knew that ...
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This chapter illustrates Kissinger's growing interest in an opening to China as a result of what he saw as the compensating gains that such a move would bring the United States. Kissinger knew that his ability to play the triangular game greatly depended on China's willingness to engage with the United States. The potential opening of China to the United States as a counterweight to the USSR was a controversial issue and, as is seen in this chapter, had sent mixed signals to Washington throughout early 1969. Prior to 1969, the People's Republic of China (PRC) considered America as a major threat to them. However, the armed conflict with the Soviets radically changed Chinese priorities. Among the main topics that are addressed in this chapter are the struggle for conciliation between the PRC and the USSR and the apparent diplomatic concession obtained, operation Duck Hook orchestrated by Kissinger against North Vietnam, and the Warsaw meetingsLess
This chapter illustrates Kissinger's growing interest in an opening to China as a result of what he saw as the compensating gains that such a move would bring the United States. Kissinger knew that his ability to play the triangular game greatly depended on China's willingness to engage with the United States. The potential opening of China to the United States as a counterweight to the USSR was a controversial issue and, as is seen in this chapter, had sent mixed signals to Washington throughout early 1969. Prior to 1969, the People's Republic of China (PRC) considered America as a major threat to them. However, the armed conflict with the Soviets radically changed Chinese priorities. Among the main topics that are addressed in this chapter are the struggle for conciliation between the PRC and the USSR and the apparent diplomatic concession obtained, operation Duck Hook orchestrated by Kissinger against North Vietnam, and the Warsaw meetings
Brian O’Shaughnessy
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199737666
- eISBN:
- 9780199933372
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737666.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, General
This chapter is concerned to show how Wittgenstein’s later-period discussions of the varieties of aspect perception call attention to the fact that understanding is centrally and irreducibly involved ...
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This chapter is concerned to show how Wittgenstein’s later-period discussions of the varieties of aspect perception call attention to the fact that understanding is centrally and irreducibly involved in visual experience. When we see the duck-rabbit as a duck, the visual experience cannot accurately be broken down into parts, separating “the exercise of the Understanding in visual experience and the visual experiencing of the ‘understood’ visibilia,” O’Shaughnessy says. The chapter claims that even ordinary, everyday seeing of a fork, say, involves seeing the fork as a fork, although it notes that Wittgenstein himself may not have been prepared to go that far. Nevertheless, it will be of interest to those who have followed this chapter’s author’s own distinctive and influential contributions to the philosophy of perception to see how much common ground there appears to be between him and Wittgenstein on these issues, and in particular on the specific ways in which they take the understanding to be central to perception. Close readers of this author’s work know that, although decidedly not a Wittgensteinian, he has been influenced by Wittgenstein, and the chapter briefly describes that influence here for the first time in an anecdotal and charming preamble to his chapter.Less
This chapter is concerned to show how Wittgenstein’s later-period discussions of the varieties of aspect perception call attention to the fact that understanding is centrally and irreducibly involved in visual experience. When we see the duck-rabbit as a duck, the visual experience cannot accurately be broken down into parts, separating “the exercise of the Understanding in visual experience and the visual experiencing of the ‘understood’ visibilia,” O’Shaughnessy says. The chapter claims that even ordinary, everyday seeing of a fork, say, involves seeing the fork as a fork, although it notes that Wittgenstein himself may not have been prepared to go that far. Nevertheless, it will be of interest to those who have followed this chapter’s author’s own distinctive and influential contributions to the philosophy of perception to see how much common ground there appears to be between him and Wittgenstein on these issues, and in particular on the specific ways in which they take the understanding to be central to perception. Close readers of this author’s work know that, although decidedly not a Wittgensteinian, he has been influenced by Wittgenstein, and the chapter briefly describes that influence here for the first time in an anecdotal and charming preamble to his chapter.
Marybeth Lorbiecki
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780199965038
- eISBN:
- 9780197563311
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199965038.003.0017
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Conservation of the Environment
In September 1939, Germany invaded Poland. During the dark months of 1939, 1940, and 1941, Europe exploded with tanks, bombs, and guns. The violent side of ...
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In September 1939, Germany invaded Poland. During the dark months of 1939, 1940, and 1941, Europe exploded with tanks, bombs, and guns. The violent side of Hitler’s new German policies proved worse than Leopold had imagined possible. A letter arrived from Leopold’s host in Germany, Alfred Schottlaender. Schottlaender’s wife had turned him in to the secret police for making antiHitler comments. He had been interned both at Dachau and Buchenwald but had managed to escape to Kenya. He was writing to ask Aldo to help his brother, who was still in Germany. Leopold contacted those he knew, and a place was found in South Africa for Alfred’s brother. “My dear friend Leopold,” responded Alfred, “[You] have given me back the faith of faithfulness, truth, and friendship still existing on earth, which I nearly had lost after having lived to see such terrible disappointments in my own country which I loved so much and served all my life.” Violence seemed to be the common link between the many ways humans acted toward the land and toward each other. Leopold began to refer to conservation as a movement toward “nonviolent land use,” where changes are made gradually and carefully, keeping the land community stable. Then the exploding violence hit the States: the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The next day, Carl enlisted in the marines. On the edge of twenty-two, he had just begun graduate studies in wildlife ecology in Missouri. He hurried to marry Keena Rogers before leaving for combat. Luna enlisted in the army and was sent to California as an army engineer. Starker, who had married and was expecting a child, kept working, but dreaded the mail, which could carry a draft notice any day. Many of the Professor’s graduate and undergraduate students quit school to enlist. Vivian Horn resigned to do her part for the war effort. Sometime in 1942, a round robin of letters was begun between the department and those who had left. Each recipient added comments and sent the letter on to someone else.
Less
In September 1939, Germany invaded Poland. During the dark months of 1939, 1940, and 1941, Europe exploded with tanks, bombs, and guns. The violent side of Hitler’s new German policies proved worse than Leopold had imagined possible. A letter arrived from Leopold’s host in Germany, Alfred Schottlaender. Schottlaender’s wife had turned him in to the secret police for making antiHitler comments. He had been interned both at Dachau and Buchenwald but had managed to escape to Kenya. He was writing to ask Aldo to help his brother, who was still in Germany. Leopold contacted those he knew, and a place was found in South Africa for Alfred’s brother. “My dear friend Leopold,” responded Alfred, “[You] have given me back the faith of faithfulness, truth, and friendship still existing on earth, which I nearly had lost after having lived to see such terrible disappointments in my own country which I loved so much and served all my life.” Violence seemed to be the common link between the many ways humans acted toward the land and toward each other. Leopold began to refer to conservation as a movement toward “nonviolent land use,” where changes are made gradually and carefully, keeping the land community stable. Then the exploding violence hit the States: the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The next day, Carl enlisted in the marines. On the edge of twenty-two, he had just begun graduate studies in wildlife ecology in Missouri. He hurried to marry Keena Rogers before leaving for combat. Luna enlisted in the army and was sent to California as an army engineer. Starker, who had married and was expecting a child, kept working, but dreaded the mail, which could carry a draft notice any day. Many of the Professor’s graduate and undergraduate students quit school to enlist. Vivian Horn resigned to do her part for the war effort. Sometime in 1942, a round robin of letters was begun between the department and those who had left. Each recipient added comments and sent the letter on to someone else.
Galen Strawson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199579938
- eISBN:
- 9780191731112
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199579938.003.0013
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Cognitive phenomenology starts from something that has been obscured in much recent analytic philosophy: the fact that lived conscious experience isn't just a matter of sensation or feeling, but is ...
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Cognitive phenomenology starts from something that has been obscured in much recent analytic philosophy: the fact that lived conscious experience isn't just a matter of sensation or feeling, but is also cognitive in character, through and through. This is obviously true of ordinary human perceptual experience, but cognitive phenomenology is also concerned with something more exclusively cognitive, which we may call propositional meaning‐experience, e.g. occurrent experience of linguistic representations as meaning something, as this occurs in thinking or reading or hearing others speak.Less
Cognitive phenomenology starts from something that has been obscured in much recent analytic philosophy: the fact that lived conscious experience isn't just a matter of sensation or feeling, but is also cognitive in character, through and through. This is obviously true of ordinary human perceptual experience, but cognitive phenomenology is also concerned with something more exclusively cognitive, which we may call propositional meaning‐experience, e.g. occurrent experience of linguistic representations as meaning something, as this occurs in thinking or reading or hearing others speak.
Jennifer Batt
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- August 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198859666
- eISBN:
- 9780191892028
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198859666.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature, Poetry
This book explores the complex and contested relationships that existed between class, patronage, and poetry in Hanoverian England by examining the life and work of Stephen Duck, the ‘famous ...
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This book explores the complex and contested relationships that existed between class, patronage, and poetry in Hanoverian England by examining the life and work of Stephen Duck, the ‘famous Threshing Poet’. In 1730, Duck became the most famous agricultural labourer in the nation when his writing won him the patronage of Queen Caroline. The man, and the writing he produced, intrigued contemporaries. How was it possible, they asked, for an agricultural labourer to become a poet? What would a thresher write? Did he really deserve royal patronage, and what would he do with such an honour? How should he be supported? And was he an isolated prodigy, or were there others like him, equally deserving of support? Duck’s remarkable story reveals the tolerances, and intolerances, of the Hanoverian social order. This book sheds new light on the poet’s early life, revealing how the farm labourer developed an interest in poetry; how he wrote his most famous poem, ‘The Thresher’s Labour’; how his public identity as the ‘famous Threshing Poet’ took shape; and how he came to be positioned as a figurehead of labouring-class writing. It explores how the patronage Duck received shaped his writing; how he came to reconceive his relationship with land, labour, and leisure; and how he made use of his newly acquired classical learning to develop new friendships and career opportunities. And it reveals how, after Duck’s death, rumours about his suicide came to overshadow the achievements of his life. Both in life, and in death, this book argues, Duck provided both opportunity and provocation for thinking through the complex interplay of class, patronage, and poetry in Hanoverian England.Less
This book explores the complex and contested relationships that existed between class, patronage, and poetry in Hanoverian England by examining the life and work of Stephen Duck, the ‘famous Threshing Poet’. In 1730, Duck became the most famous agricultural labourer in the nation when his writing won him the patronage of Queen Caroline. The man, and the writing he produced, intrigued contemporaries. How was it possible, they asked, for an agricultural labourer to become a poet? What would a thresher write? Did he really deserve royal patronage, and what would he do with such an honour? How should he be supported? And was he an isolated prodigy, or were there others like him, equally deserving of support? Duck’s remarkable story reveals the tolerances, and intolerances, of the Hanoverian social order. This book sheds new light on the poet’s early life, revealing how the farm labourer developed an interest in poetry; how he wrote his most famous poem, ‘The Thresher’s Labour’; how his public identity as the ‘famous Threshing Poet’ took shape; and how he came to be positioned as a figurehead of labouring-class writing. It explores how the patronage Duck received shaped his writing; how he came to reconceive his relationship with land, labour, and leisure; and how he made use of his newly acquired classical learning to develop new friendships and career opportunities. And it reveals how, after Duck’s death, rumours about his suicide came to overshadow the achievements of his life. Both in life, and in death, this book argues, Duck provided both opportunity and provocation for thinking through the complex interplay of class, patronage, and poetry in Hanoverian England.
Jason Wood
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231171977
- eISBN:
- 9780231850698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231171977.003.0007
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter presents an interview with filmmaker Fernando Eimbcke. His first feature, Duck Season (Temporada de Patos, 2004), offers a salutary lesson in adolescent friendship and love. His follow ...
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This chapter presents an interview with filmmaker Fernando Eimbcke. His first feature, Duck Season (Temporada de Patos, 2004), offers a salutary lesson in adolescent friendship and love. His follow up Lake Tahoe (2008) won the FIPRESCI prize at the Berlin Film Festival. The film deals with the uneasy passage from adolescence to adulthood. The interview covered topics such as the support of the Sundance Screenwriter's Lab in the development of Lake Tahoe; whether school is essential for young filmmakers in Mexico, and its role in producing another remarkable generation of Mexican filmmakers; what winning the FIPRESCI prize means to Eimbcke on a personal level and in terms of enhancing his reputation outside of Mexico; and the directors that he draws inspiration from.Less
This chapter presents an interview with filmmaker Fernando Eimbcke. His first feature, Duck Season (Temporada de Patos, 2004), offers a salutary lesson in adolescent friendship and love. His follow up Lake Tahoe (2008) won the FIPRESCI prize at the Berlin Film Festival. The film deals with the uneasy passage from adolescence to adulthood. The interview covered topics such as the support of the Sundance Screenwriter's Lab in the development of Lake Tahoe; whether school is essential for young filmmakers in Mexico, and its role in producing another remarkable generation of Mexican filmmakers; what winning the FIPRESCI prize means to Eimbcke on a personal level and in terms of enhancing his reputation outside of Mexico; and the directors that he draws inspiration from.
M. A. Aldrich
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622097773
- eISBN:
- 9789882207585
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622097773.003.0058
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Peking hosts a magnificent selection of regional Chinese restaurants. This aspect alone makes the trip worthwhile. Food has occupied a central role in Chinese life for thousands of years, as can be ...
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Peking hosts a magnificent selection of regional Chinese restaurants. This aspect alone makes the trip worthwhile. Food has occupied a central role in Chinese life for thousands of years, as can be gleaned by the role of serving various dishes to the spirits of the deceased. It is said that Chinese food reflects the country's tumultuous history. Nearly everyone coming to China will already have visited a Chinese restaurant in their home country. There is a debate among Chinese epicures about the precise number of regional Chinese cuisines. Of these Shan Dong style dishes, perhaps the most famous is Peking duck. The recommended Shan Dong restaurants, Chinese Muslim restaurants, Fu Jian/Zhe Jiang restaurants, Cantonese restaurants, Si Chuan restaurants, and other regional restaurants are presented.Less
Peking hosts a magnificent selection of regional Chinese restaurants. This aspect alone makes the trip worthwhile. Food has occupied a central role in Chinese life for thousands of years, as can be gleaned by the role of serving various dishes to the spirits of the deceased. It is said that Chinese food reflects the country's tumultuous history. Nearly everyone coming to China will already have visited a Chinese restaurant in their home country. There is a debate among Chinese epicures about the precise number of regional Chinese cuisines. Of these Shan Dong style dishes, perhaps the most famous is Peking duck. The recommended Shan Dong restaurants, Chinese Muslim restaurants, Fu Jian/Zhe Jiang restaurants, Cantonese restaurants, Si Chuan restaurants, and other regional restaurants are presented.
Jeremy Tambling
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622098244
- eISBN:
- 9789882207158
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622098244.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
The True Story of Ah Q, unlike the other short stories in A Call to Arms, was written for serial publication. Its nine chapters appeared under another pen name, Ba Ren, in the literary supplement to ...
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The True Story of Ah Q, unlike the other short stories in A Call to Arms, was written for serial publication. Its nine chapters appeared under another pen name, Ba Ren, in the literary supplement to the Beijing Morning Post. The title Dragonboat Festival refers to the “double fifth”—the fifth day of the fifth month when debts are, traditionally, repaid. The main character in this short story, Fang Xuanchuo, reflects Lu Xun. The White Light is devoted to a person whose dreams of becoming a successful civil servant go through his head only to be dashed each time he fails the exam. The last three stories in A Call to Arms (Some Rabbits and a Cat, Comedy of Ducks, Village Opera show something of a retreat from human engagements to engagements with animals, and a concentration on the figure of the mother.Less
The True Story of Ah Q, unlike the other short stories in A Call to Arms, was written for serial publication. Its nine chapters appeared under another pen name, Ba Ren, in the literary supplement to the Beijing Morning Post. The title Dragonboat Festival refers to the “double fifth”—the fifth day of the fifth month when debts are, traditionally, repaid. The main character in this short story, Fang Xuanchuo, reflects Lu Xun. The White Light is devoted to a person whose dreams of becoming a successful civil servant go through his head only to be dashed each time he fails the exam. The last three stories in A Call to Arms (Some Rabbits and a Cat, Comedy of Ducks, Village Opera show something of a retreat from human engagements to engagements with animals, and a concentration on the figure of the mother.
Allen Douglas
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520228764
- eISBN:
- 9780520926943
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520228764.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter examines the distinctive layout and organization of the Canard. It shows that the weekly's style was composed of carefully balanced mixtures of materials, and its visuals went further ...
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This chapter examines the distinctive layout and organization of the Canard. It shows that the weekly's style was composed of carefully balanced mixtures of materials, and its visuals went further than the inclusion of large numbers of editorial cartoons. It then introduces H.P. Gassier and Henri Guilac, two cartoonists of the weekly who created a duck-everyman who took on various guises. Some examples of this duck-everyman are provided in the chapter. This chapter states that the heavy use of visual elements allowed a visual irony that could be used to contrast or complement with the verbal one.Less
This chapter examines the distinctive layout and organization of the Canard. It shows that the weekly's style was composed of carefully balanced mixtures of materials, and its visuals went further than the inclusion of large numbers of editorial cartoons. It then introduces H.P. Gassier and Henri Guilac, two cartoonists of the weekly who created a duck-everyman who took on various guises. Some examples of this duck-everyman are provided in the chapter. This chapter states that the heavy use of visual elements allowed a visual irony that could be used to contrast or complement with the verbal one.
Benjamin Mountford
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780520294547
- eISBN:
- 9780520967588
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520294547.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Economic History
Concerns about crime and disorder, and how to manage those challenges, predominate in contemporary official and published accounts of all the Pacific gold rushes, as well as in many regional and ...
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Concerns about crime and disorder, and how to manage those challenges, predominate in contemporary official and published accounts of all the Pacific gold rushes, as well as in many regional and national historical studies produced since. During the last two decades, several comparative and global analyses have begun to map some of connections and distinctions between the struggle for order in the Californian and British colonial contexts. This chapter focuses in on some of the specific historical threads that connected the struggle for order in California and Britain’s settler colonies during the 1850s and 1860s. In doing so, it sets out to shed fresh light on the extent to which Californians’ and Britons’ anxieties about the potential impact of gold rushes and their ideas about how they should be managed were often closely interlinked. This chapter is by Benjamin Mountford.Less
Concerns about crime and disorder, and how to manage those challenges, predominate in contemporary official and published accounts of all the Pacific gold rushes, as well as in many regional and national historical studies produced since. During the last two decades, several comparative and global analyses have begun to map some of connections and distinctions between the struggle for order in the Californian and British colonial contexts. This chapter focuses in on some of the specific historical threads that connected the struggle for order in California and Britain’s settler colonies during the 1850s and 1860s. In doing so, it sets out to shed fresh light on the extent to which Californians’ and Britons’ anxieties about the potential impact of gold rushes and their ideas about how they should be managed were often closely interlinked. This chapter is by Benjamin Mountford.
Amy Gray Jones
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198798118
- eISBN:
- 9780191917141
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198798118.003.0009
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Mortuary Archaeology
Cremation is not widely recognized as a form of mortuary treatment amongst the hunter-gatherer communities of Mesolithic north-west Europe (broadly defined ...
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Cremation is not widely recognized as a form of mortuary treatment amongst the hunter-gatherer communities of Mesolithic north-west Europe (broadly defined as c.9300 cal. BC to c.4000 cal. BC). Instead, the period is perhaps most well known for some of the earliest inhumation cemeteries in northern Europe, the most familiar being the Scandinavian sites of Skateholm I and II (Scania, Sweden) (Larsson 1988a) and Vedbæk-Bøgebakken (Zealand, Denmark) (Albrethsen and Brinch Petersen 1977) and those on the coast of northern France, Teviéc and Hoëdic (Morbihan, France) (Péquart et al. 1937; Péquart and Péquart 1954). As concentrations of well-furnished burials they have long provided the focus for discussions of Mesolithic mortuary practice as well as social status and group organization (e.g. Clark and Neeley 1987) and, more recently, cosmology (e.g. Zvelebil 2003), personhood (e.g. Fowler 2004), sexuality (e.g. Schmidt 2000) and the ritual practice of handling the body (e.g. Nilsson Stutz 2003). However, discoveries within the last two decades have increased the evidence for the practice of cremation (as well as other forms of treatment, such as secondary burial) amongst the huntergatherers of the Mesolithic, both in terms of the geographic distribution of the practice and its temporal spread throughout the period. Although rare in comparison to inhumation, cremation can now be seen to have been practiced throughout both the early and late Mesolithic and, whilst evidence is currently sparse within the modern areas of Germany and the British Isles, examples are known across Scandinavia, the Netherlands, Belgium, northern France, and the Republic of Ireland (totalling at least thirteen sites with cremated remains amongst over 100 sites with human bone in this area, see Fig. 2.1 and Table 2.1). Additionally, whilst preparing this chapter, a new discovery of cremated remains deposited in a large pit was made at Langford (Essex, England) and directly dated to the late Mesolithic, representing the first example from England (Gilmour and Loe 2015). It is worth noting here that there are also several more sites with human remains (usually disarticulated or ‘loose’ human bones) which are described as ‘charred’ or ‘burnt’ but for the purposes of this chapter I consider ‘cremated remains’ to refer to bone or a body that has undergone the mortuary rite of cremation (transformation of a corpse by burning) and burnt bone as the incidental or deliberate burning of dry and/or disarticulated bone (after McKinley 2013: 150).
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Cremation is not widely recognized as a form of mortuary treatment amongst the hunter-gatherer communities of Mesolithic north-west Europe (broadly defined as c.9300 cal. BC to c.4000 cal. BC). Instead, the period is perhaps most well known for some of the earliest inhumation cemeteries in northern Europe, the most familiar being the Scandinavian sites of Skateholm I and II (Scania, Sweden) (Larsson 1988a) and Vedbæk-Bøgebakken (Zealand, Denmark) (Albrethsen and Brinch Petersen 1977) and those on the coast of northern France, Teviéc and Hoëdic (Morbihan, France) (Péquart et al. 1937; Péquart and Péquart 1954). As concentrations of well-furnished burials they have long provided the focus for discussions of Mesolithic mortuary practice as well as social status and group organization (e.g. Clark and Neeley 1987) and, more recently, cosmology (e.g. Zvelebil 2003), personhood (e.g. Fowler 2004), sexuality (e.g. Schmidt 2000) and the ritual practice of handling the body (e.g. Nilsson Stutz 2003). However, discoveries within the last two decades have increased the evidence for the practice of cremation (as well as other forms of treatment, such as secondary burial) amongst the huntergatherers of the Mesolithic, both in terms of the geographic distribution of the practice and its temporal spread throughout the period. Although rare in comparison to inhumation, cremation can now be seen to have been practiced throughout both the early and late Mesolithic and, whilst evidence is currently sparse within the modern areas of Germany and the British Isles, examples are known across Scandinavia, the Netherlands, Belgium, northern France, and the Republic of Ireland (totalling at least thirteen sites with cremated remains amongst over 100 sites with human bone in this area, see Fig. 2.1 and Table 2.1). Additionally, whilst preparing this chapter, a new discovery of cremated remains deposited in a large pit was made at Langford (Essex, England) and directly dated to the late Mesolithic, representing the first example from England (Gilmour and Loe 2015). It is worth noting here that there are also several more sites with human remains (usually disarticulated or ‘loose’ human bones) which are described as ‘charred’ or ‘burnt’ but for the purposes of this chapter I consider ‘cremated remains’ to refer to bone or a body that has undergone the mortuary rite of cremation (transformation of a corpse by burning) and burnt bone as the incidental or deliberate burning of dry and/or disarticulated bone (after McKinley 2013: 150).
Jay Dorfman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780199795581
- eISBN:
- 9780197563175
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199795581.003.0009
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Equipment and Technology
The content of individual lessons and units in TBMI classrooms falls somewhere on a spectrum of content, as seen in Figure 6.1. At the left end of the spectrum fall ...
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The content of individual lessons and units in TBMI classrooms falls somewhere on a spectrum of content, as seen in Figure 6.1. At the left end of the spectrum fall activities that are purely musical. Even in TBMI classes, we can occasionally design activities that we believe address long-term goals and short-term objectives that are purely musical. For example, when we ask our students to rehearse or perform a piece of music (although it may eventually be recorded, edited, mixed, etc.), we are addressing musical goals through musical activities without integrating technology. At the right end of this spectrum fall activities that are purely technological. These activities may include procedures for digital file management, techniques within software, or hardware connectivity and maintenance. Even though the broader content of TBMI classes should be musical, the focus on technology in lessons that fall to the right side of the spectrum is one of the ideas that separate TBMI classes from traditional music classes. We include lessons that focus on technology because those are the tools in use to make music. It is important that students learn how to use them properly, and teachers should consider it their responsibility to include lessons that meet this description. Purity of content is rare. In truth, longer-term sequences of TBMI might be categorized in one of two ways: Lessons fall somewhere in the middle of the spectrum. This indicates that the lesson has some content that is musical and some that is technological. The teacher artfully blends them together so that students recognize the application of technology to music, and of music to technology. Lessons shift from one end of the spectrum to the other, perhaps exhibiting more than one shift within a class period. Sometimes it is necessary to explore a musical concept in non-technological ways, then shift to a technological technique that will further address that concept. So, when the activities associated with the two phases of the lesson are combined, we achieve “neutrality” along the spectrum. Also, it should be acknowledged that this spectrum of lesson content depicts lessons under ideal circumstances.
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The content of individual lessons and units in TBMI classrooms falls somewhere on a spectrum of content, as seen in Figure 6.1. At the left end of the spectrum fall activities that are purely musical. Even in TBMI classes, we can occasionally design activities that we believe address long-term goals and short-term objectives that are purely musical. For example, when we ask our students to rehearse or perform a piece of music (although it may eventually be recorded, edited, mixed, etc.), we are addressing musical goals through musical activities without integrating technology. At the right end of this spectrum fall activities that are purely technological. These activities may include procedures for digital file management, techniques within software, or hardware connectivity and maintenance. Even though the broader content of TBMI classes should be musical, the focus on technology in lessons that fall to the right side of the spectrum is one of the ideas that separate TBMI classes from traditional music classes. We include lessons that focus on technology because those are the tools in use to make music. It is important that students learn how to use them properly, and teachers should consider it their responsibility to include lessons that meet this description. Purity of content is rare. In truth, longer-term sequences of TBMI might be categorized in one of two ways: Lessons fall somewhere in the middle of the spectrum. This indicates that the lesson has some content that is musical and some that is technological. The teacher artfully blends them together so that students recognize the application of technology to music, and of music to technology. Lessons shift from one end of the spectrum to the other, perhaps exhibiting more than one shift within a class period. Sometimes it is necessary to explore a musical concept in non-technological ways, then shift to a technological technique that will further address that concept. So, when the activities associated with the two phases of the lesson are combined, we achieve “neutrality” along the spectrum. Also, it should be acknowledged that this spectrum of lesson content depicts lessons under ideal circumstances.
Arthur Lupia
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190263720
- eISBN:
- 9780197559598
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190263720.003.0013
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
If a person pays attention to a piece of information, they form a judgment about it. In many cases, the judgment is that they do not need to pay more ...
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If a person pays attention to a piece of information, they form a judgment about it. In many cases, the judgment is that they do not need to pay more attention to it. In some cases, however, the judgment is that they want to think more about the new information and attempt to integrate its content into what they already believe. What judgments prospective learners form about information affects when and how an educator can increase others’ knowledge and competence. Many civic educators struggle with the fact that information in politicized environments is often judged differently than information offered in other environments. Words and images in politicized environments are scrutinized, interpreted, and attacked in ways that rarely, if ever, occur in other educational settings. Educators who are used to communicating in nonpolitical environments, and who then wade into a politicized environment, often find these dynamics surprising. Actually, “surprising” is a gentle way to put it. Many educators learn that educational strategies that work well in classrooms or at professional conferences are disastrous when attempted in more emotionally charged and politicized environments. Many educators who venture into more politicized contexts find that their information is ignored. Others find their words misinterpreted and twisted. Many have difficulty explaining why their attempts to convey their expertise to others in these important environments were not more constructively received. In this chapter, I examine how communication dynamics change as learning environments become more politicized. To help educators better manage these dynamics, I highlight two factors that affect source credibility in political contexts. These factors are perceived common interests and perceived relative knowledge. Each factor has significant effects on how prospective learners interpret words and images. Educators who understand these dynamics can better identify information that prospective learners are—and are not—likely to believe. Such knowledge can help educa¬tors increase knowledge and competence more effectively—and reduce unwanted surprises. . . . The chapter’s main lessons are as follows: When prospective learners can interpret information in multiple ways, their perceptions of an educator’s motives and expertise can affect whether or not they pay attention to the information and what inferences they draw from it. . . .
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If a person pays attention to a piece of information, they form a judgment about it. In many cases, the judgment is that they do not need to pay more attention to it. In some cases, however, the judgment is that they want to think more about the new information and attempt to integrate its content into what they already believe. What judgments prospective learners form about information affects when and how an educator can increase others’ knowledge and competence. Many civic educators struggle with the fact that information in politicized environments is often judged differently than information offered in other environments. Words and images in politicized environments are scrutinized, interpreted, and attacked in ways that rarely, if ever, occur in other educational settings. Educators who are used to communicating in nonpolitical environments, and who then wade into a politicized environment, often find these dynamics surprising. Actually, “surprising” is a gentle way to put it. Many educators learn that educational strategies that work well in classrooms or at professional conferences are disastrous when attempted in more emotionally charged and politicized environments. Many educators who venture into more politicized contexts find that their information is ignored. Others find their words misinterpreted and twisted. Many have difficulty explaining why their attempts to convey their expertise to others in these important environments were not more constructively received. In this chapter, I examine how communication dynamics change as learning environments become more politicized. To help educators better manage these dynamics, I highlight two factors that affect source credibility in political contexts. These factors are perceived common interests and perceived relative knowledge. Each factor has significant effects on how prospective learners interpret words and images. Educators who understand these dynamics can better identify information that prospective learners are—and are not—likely to believe. Such knowledge can help educa¬tors increase knowledge and competence more effectively—and reduce unwanted surprises. . . . The chapter’s main lessons are as follows: When prospective learners can interpret information in multiple ways, their perceptions of an educator’s motives and expertise can affect whether or not they pay attention to the information and what inferences they draw from it. . . .
Richard Hilton
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520233157
- eISBN:
- 9780520928459
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520233157.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
One of the most geologically complex and diverse states California spent much of the age of dinosaurs under water. While most of the fossils found in the state are those of reptiles that lived in the ...
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One of the most geologically complex and diverse states California spent much of the age of dinosaurs under water. While most of the fossils found in the state are those of reptiles that lived in the sea (thalattosaurs, ichthyosaurs, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, and turtles), some are those of birds and pterosaurs that soared above it. Other fossils come from terrestrial animals that died and were washed into the ocean. These include turtles, crocodiles, lizards, and dinosaurs such as armored ankylosaurs, duck-billed hadrosaurs, and a variety of carnivorous dinosaurs. This book tells the unsung story of the dinosaurs and reptiles of land, sea, and sky that lived in California and Baja California during the Mesozoic era (245 million–65 million years ago), in addition to the history of their discovery. This book provides geological and environmental details, describes the significance of the major fossils, and chronicles the adventures involved in the discovery, preparation, and publishing of the finds. The book also includes accounts of the scientists, teachers, students, ranchers, and weekend fossil hunters who endured (and continue to endure) harsh weather, fires, wild animals, and the usual challenges of fieldwork to collect fossil remains and make major discoveries. These enthusiasts managed to safeguard an abundance of fossil resources, some of which would otherwise have been destroyed by quarrying, paving, and housing developments.Less
One of the most geologically complex and diverse states California spent much of the age of dinosaurs under water. While most of the fossils found in the state are those of reptiles that lived in the sea (thalattosaurs, ichthyosaurs, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, and turtles), some are those of birds and pterosaurs that soared above it. Other fossils come from terrestrial animals that died and were washed into the ocean. These include turtles, crocodiles, lizards, and dinosaurs such as armored ankylosaurs, duck-billed hadrosaurs, and a variety of carnivorous dinosaurs. This book tells the unsung story of the dinosaurs and reptiles of land, sea, and sky that lived in California and Baja California during the Mesozoic era (245 million–65 million years ago), in addition to the history of their discovery. This book provides geological and environmental details, describes the significance of the major fossils, and chronicles the adventures involved in the discovery, preparation, and publishing of the finds. The book also includes accounts of the scientists, teachers, students, ranchers, and weekend fossil hunters who endured (and continue to endure) harsh weather, fires, wild animals, and the usual challenges of fieldwork to collect fossil remains and make major discoveries. These enthusiasts managed to safeguard an abundance of fossil resources, some of which would otherwise have been destroyed by quarrying, paving, and housing developments.
Sharon Levy
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190246402
- eISBN:
- 9780197559550
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190246402.003.0010
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Pollution and Threats to the Environment
Salmon were George Allen’s passion. He spent his professional life seeking to combine salmon restoration with sewage recycling, a mission as daunting as the upstream ...
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Salmon were George Allen’s passion. He spent his professional life seeking to combine salmon restoration with sewage recycling, a mission as daunting as the upstream struggle of a weary chinook blocked by a dam. Salmon begin their lives as eggs buried in a gravel nest on a stream bottom, from which tiny fish emerge, swim to the surface, and start to feed. The young grow, lose their infant stripes, and swim to sea, steered by instinct and a physical drive to reach salt water. They range through the ocean for two years or more, growing into magnificent creatures. When the time is right, they return to their home streams to spawn. Crowds of wild, abundant salmon once fought their way up the rivers of the Pacific coast from central California to Alaska. The cycle was eternal, with no distinct beginning or end, until white civilization blocked the rivers with dams and smothered the spawning grounds in silt. By the time Allen came to teach fisheries at Humboldt State, in 1957, salmon runs all along the west coast were depleted. Most of the ancient stocks that had once populated the streams feeding Humboldt Bay were extinct. In an obscure corner of Arcata’s treatment plant, Allen and his students raised young coho and chinook in treated sewage flowing out of the city’s oxidation ponds. Soon after he arrived in Humboldt, Allen had begun planning to resurrect the bay’s lost salmon stocks, and Arcata’s sewage oxidation ponds proved the only likely spot to launch his quest. The oxidation ponds were a constant source of fresh water, with access to a stream, Jolly Giant Creek, which formed a small estuary where he could release fish to the bay. He took fingerlings from any hatchery that had extras and raised them to the moment of smoltification, when they lost their baby stripes, turned shiny silver, and transformed from freshwater to saltwater creatures. His intense hope was that they’d go to sea and return as adults, making the city’s wastewater plant the center of a salmon revival in Humboldt Bay.
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Salmon were George Allen’s passion. He spent his professional life seeking to combine salmon restoration with sewage recycling, a mission as daunting as the upstream struggle of a weary chinook blocked by a dam. Salmon begin their lives as eggs buried in a gravel nest on a stream bottom, from which tiny fish emerge, swim to the surface, and start to feed. The young grow, lose their infant stripes, and swim to sea, steered by instinct and a physical drive to reach salt water. They range through the ocean for two years or more, growing into magnificent creatures. When the time is right, they return to their home streams to spawn. Crowds of wild, abundant salmon once fought their way up the rivers of the Pacific coast from central California to Alaska. The cycle was eternal, with no distinct beginning or end, until white civilization blocked the rivers with dams and smothered the spawning grounds in silt. By the time Allen came to teach fisheries at Humboldt State, in 1957, salmon runs all along the west coast were depleted. Most of the ancient stocks that had once populated the streams feeding Humboldt Bay were extinct. In an obscure corner of Arcata’s treatment plant, Allen and his students raised young coho and chinook in treated sewage flowing out of the city’s oxidation ponds. Soon after he arrived in Humboldt, Allen had begun planning to resurrect the bay’s lost salmon stocks, and Arcata’s sewage oxidation ponds proved the only likely spot to launch his quest. The oxidation ponds were a constant source of fresh water, with access to a stream, Jolly Giant Creek, which formed a small estuary where he could release fish to the bay. He took fingerlings from any hatchery that had extras and raised them to the moment of smoltification, when they lost their baby stripes, turned shiny silver, and transformed from freshwater to saltwater creatures. His intense hope was that they’d go to sea and return as adults, making the city’s wastewater plant the center of a salmon revival in Humboldt Bay.
