Richard Stevenson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199539352
- eISBN:
- 9780191724008
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199539352.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Flavour is arguably the most fascinating aspect of eating and drinking. It utilises a complex variety of senses and processes, that incredibly work together to generate a unified, and hopefully ...
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Flavour is arguably the most fascinating aspect of eating and drinking. It utilises a complex variety of senses and processes, that incredibly work together to generate a unified, and hopefully pleasurable, experience. The processes involved are not just those involved in tasting at the time of eating, but also memory and learning processes — we obviously shun those foods of which we have a negative memory, and favour those we enjoy. Our understanding of the science of flavour has improved in recent years, benefiting psychology, cuisine, food science, oenology, and dietetics. This book describes what is known about the psychology and biology of flavour. The book is divided into two parts. The first explores what we know about the flavour system; including the role of learning and memory in flavour perception and hedonics; the way in which all the senses that contribute to flavour interact, and our ability to perceive flavour as a whole and as a series of parts. The later chapters examine a range of theoretical issues concerning the flavour system. This includes a look at multisensory processing, and the way in which the mind and brain bind information from discrete sensory systems. It also examines the broader implications of studying flavour for societal problems such as obesity.Less
Flavour is arguably the most fascinating aspect of eating and drinking. It utilises a complex variety of senses and processes, that incredibly work together to generate a unified, and hopefully pleasurable, experience. The processes involved are not just those involved in tasting at the time of eating, but also memory and learning processes — we obviously shun those foods of which we have a negative memory, and favour those we enjoy. Our understanding of the science of flavour has improved in recent years, benefiting psychology, cuisine, food science, oenology, and dietetics. This book describes what is known about the psychology and biology of flavour. The book is divided into two parts. The first explores what we know about the flavour system; including the role of learning and memory in flavour perception and hedonics; the way in which all the senses that contribute to flavour interact, and our ability to perceive flavour as a whole and as a series of parts. The later chapters examine a range of theoretical issues concerning the flavour system. This includes a look at multisensory processing, and the way in which the mind and brain bind information from discrete sensory systems. It also examines the broader implications of studying flavour for societal problems such as obesity.
L. A. Clarkson and E. Margaret Crawford
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198227519
- eISBN:
- 9780191708374
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198227519.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter ties the preceding arguments together by posing the counterfactual: what would history be like if human beings required neither food nor drink? It concludes by asserting that the history ...
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This chapter ties the preceding arguments together by posing the counterfactual: what would history be like if human beings required neither food nor drink? It concludes by asserting that the history of food is fundamental to be understanding of Ireland's past.Less
This chapter ties the preceding arguments together by posing the counterfactual: what would history be like if human beings required neither food nor drink? It concludes by asserting that the history of food is fundamental to be understanding of Ireland's past.
Phil Hadfield
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199297856
- eISBN:
- 9780191700866
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297856.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
In Britain today, if you are in the business of fighting crime, then you have to be in the business of dealing with alcohol. ‘Binge drinking’ culture is intrinsic to urban leisure and has come to ...
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In Britain today, if you are in the business of fighting crime, then you have to be in the business of dealing with alcohol. ‘Binge drinking’ culture is intrinsic to urban leisure and has come to pose a key threat to public order. Unsurprisingly, a struggle is occurring. Pub and club companies, local authorities, central government, the police, the judiciary, local residents, drug and alcohol campaign groups, and revellers all hold competing notions of social order in the night-time city and the appropriate uses and meanings of its public and private spaces. Bar Wars explores how official discourses of ‘partnership’ and ‘self-regulation’ belie the extent of fierce adversarial contestation between and within these groups. Located within a long tradition of urban ethnography, the book offers unique and hard-hitting analyses of social control in bars and clubs, courtroom battles between local communities and the drinks industry, and street-level policing. These issues go to the heart of contemporary debates concerning urban civility, alcohol and drugs policies, and the impacts of and justifications for new police powers introduced as part of the Licensing Act 2003 and Violent Crime Reduction Act 2006. The author's experiences as a disc jockey and as an expert witness to the licensing courts provide a unique perspective, setting his work apart from other academic commentators. Bar Wars takes the study of the ‘night-time economy’ to a new level of sophistication, making it essential reading for all those wishing to understand the policing and regulation of contemporary British cities.Less
In Britain today, if you are in the business of fighting crime, then you have to be in the business of dealing with alcohol. ‘Binge drinking’ culture is intrinsic to urban leisure and has come to pose a key threat to public order. Unsurprisingly, a struggle is occurring. Pub and club companies, local authorities, central government, the police, the judiciary, local residents, drug and alcohol campaign groups, and revellers all hold competing notions of social order in the night-time city and the appropriate uses and meanings of its public and private spaces. Bar Wars explores how official discourses of ‘partnership’ and ‘self-regulation’ belie the extent of fierce adversarial contestation between and within these groups. Located within a long tradition of urban ethnography, the book offers unique and hard-hitting analyses of social control in bars and clubs, courtroom battles between local communities and the drinks industry, and street-level policing. These issues go to the heart of contemporary debates concerning urban civility, alcohol and drugs policies, and the impacts of and justifications for new police powers introduced as part of the Licensing Act 2003 and Violent Crime Reduction Act 2006. The author's experiences as a disc jockey and as an expert witness to the licensing courts provide a unique perspective, setting his work apart from other academic commentators. Bar Wars takes the study of the ‘night-time economy’ to a new level of sophistication, making it essential reading for all those wishing to understand the policing and regulation of contemporary British cities.
Lisa L. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195331684
- eISBN:
- 9780199867967
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331684.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
The primary focus of this chapter is the relationship between group interests and the legislative policy process in Pennsylvania. In striking similarity to the situation in Congress, criminal justice ...
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The primary focus of this chapter is the relationship between group interests and the legislative policy process in Pennsylvania. In striking similarity to the situation in Congress, criminal justice agencies and a few prolific groups representing professional and single-issue citizen interests generally dominate. The citizen groups that appear are ones that specialize in the crime issue du jour—guns, sex offenses, crimes against children, or the death penalty. The share of hearings that includes citizen groups has increased, but a closer examination reveals that this is due to a dramatic increase in single-issue groups and a decline in groups with more diffuse interests. This picture of legislative crime hearings is confirmed by extensive interviews with state legislators, whose contact with citizen organizations is limited to a handful of high-profile, single-issue, and civil liberties groups such as the American Civil Liberties Union, Mothers Against Drunk Driving, and several statewide women's organizations. The ubiquity of prosecutors, law enforcement, and single-issue groups focused on women, children, and civil liberties leaves a glaring hole in policy debates about crime: the omission of the interests of the poor and urban minorities, many of whom face serious crime on a regular basis. This chapter also discusses the limitations of the American Civil Liberties Union as a group representing the broad interests of citizens at risk of crime and violence.Less
The primary focus of this chapter is the relationship between group interests and the legislative policy process in Pennsylvania. In striking similarity to the situation in Congress, criminal justice agencies and a few prolific groups representing professional and single-issue citizen interests generally dominate. The citizen groups that appear are ones that specialize in the crime issue du jour—guns, sex offenses, crimes against children, or the death penalty. The share of hearings that includes citizen groups has increased, but a closer examination reveals that this is due to a dramatic increase in single-issue groups and a decline in groups with more diffuse interests. This picture of legislative crime hearings is confirmed by extensive interviews with state legislators, whose contact with citizen organizations is limited to a handful of high-profile, single-issue, and civil liberties groups such as the American Civil Liberties Union, Mothers Against Drunk Driving, and several statewide women's organizations. The ubiquity of prosecutors, law enforcement, and single-issue groups focused on women, children, and civil liberties leaves a glaring hole in policy debates about crime: the omission of the interests of the poor and urban minorities, many of whom face serious crime on a regular basis. This chapter also discusses the limitations of the American Civil Liberties Union as a group representing the broad interests of citizens at risk of crime and violence.
Thomas Babor, Harold Holder, Raul Caetano, Ross Homel, Sally Casswell, Michael Livingston, Griffith Edwards, Esa Österberg, Norman Giesbrecht, Jürgen Rehm, Kathryn Graham, Robin Room, Joel Grube, Ingeborg Rossow, and Linda Hill
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199551149
- eISBN:
- 9780191720642
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199551149.003.010
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter discusses the modification of the drinking context. Drinking contexts refer to where people purchase and consume alcohol on the premises as commercial drinking establishments. Such ...
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This chapter discusses the modification of the drinking context. Drinking contexts refer to where people purchase and consume alcohol on the premises as commercial drinking establishments. Such establishments have long been the focus of preventive interventions not only because they are subject to regulation but also because they are often high-risk drinking settings for a number of alcohol-related problems, including heavy drinking, driving after drinking, and violence and injury. The high rate of problems in commercial drinking establishments make this drinking context a prime target for alcohol policies aimed at the prevention of alcohol-related problems.Less
This chapter discusses the modification of the drinking context. Drinking contexts refer to where people purchase and consume alcohol on the premises as commercial drinking establishments. Such establishments have long been the focus of preventive interventions not only because they are subject to regulation but also because they are often high-risk drinking settings for a number of alcohol-related problems, including heavy drinking, driving after drinking, and violence and injury. The high rate of problems in commercial drinking establishments make this drinking context a prime target for alcohol policies aimed at the prevention of alcohol-related problems.
Joyce Manchester, David Weaver, and Kevin Whitman
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199230778
- eISBN:
- 9780191710971
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199230778.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Pensions and Pension Management
This chapter focuses on how Baby Boomers compare to prior groups on the verge of retirement. Specifically, it evaluates the stock of health which Early Boomers bring to retirement and compares it to ...
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This chapter focuses on how Baby Boomers compare to prior groups on the verge of retirement. Specifically, it evaluates the stock of health which Early Boomers bring to retirement and compares it to two prior cohorts at the same point in their life cycles. In the Health and Retirement Study, it appears that Boomers on the verge of retirement are in poorer health than their counterparts a dozen years ago. Boomers indicate they have relatively more difficulty with everyday physical tasks in addition to having more pain, more chronic conditions, more drinking and psychiatric problems, than their HRS earlier counterparts.Less
This chapter focuses on how Baby Boomers compare to prior groups on the verge of retirement. Specifically, it evaluates the stock of health which Early Boomers bring to retirement and compares it to two prior cohorts at the same point in their life cycles. In the Health and Retirement Study, it appears that Boomers on the verge of retirement are in poorer health than their counterparts a dozen years ago. Boomers indicate they have relatively more difficulty with everyday physical tasks in addition to having more pain, more chronic conditions, more drinking and psychiatric problems, than their HRS earlier counterparts.
Nathan MacDonald
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199546527
- eISBN:
- 9780191720215
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546527.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
In ancient Israel the production of food was a basic concern of almost every Israelite. Consequently, there are few pages in the Old Testament that do not mention food, and food provides some of the ...
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In ancient Israel the production of food was a basic concern of almost every Israelite. Consequently, there are few pages in the Old Testament that do not mention food, and food provides some of the most important social, political, and religious symbols in the Old Testament. This book studies food and its symbolism in the Old Testament and the world of ancient Israel. The book provides a collection of interrelated studies on food that examine some of the many symbolic roles of food. The studies are frequently stimulated by work on food in anthropology or other historical disciplines. The studies seek to be sensitive to the literary nature of the biblical text as well as the many historical-critical questions that arise when studying it. Topics examined include: the nature and healthiness of the ancient Israelite diet; the relationship between food and memory in Deuteronomy; the confusion of food, sex and warfare in Judges; the place of feasting in the Israelite monarchy; the literary motif of divine judgement at the table; the use of food in articulating Israelite identity in the post-exilic period. A concluding chapter shows how some of the Old Testament's concerns find resonance in the New Testament.Less
In ancient Israel the production of food was a basic concern of almost every Israelite. Consequently, there are few pages in the Old Testament that do not mention food, and food provides some of the most important social, political, and religious symbols in the Old Testament. This book studies food and its symbolism in the Old Testament and the world of ancient Israel. The book provides a collection of interrelated studies on food that examine some of the many symbolic roles of food. The studies are frequently stimulated by work on food in anthropology or other historical disciplines. The studies seek to be sensitive to the literary nature of the biblical text as well as the many historical-critical questions that arise when studying it. Topics examined include: the nature and healthiness of the ancient Israelite diet; the relationship between food and memory in Deuteronomy; the confusion of food, sex and warfare in Judges; the place of feasting in the Israelite monarchy; the literary motif of divine judgement at the table; the use of food in articulating Israelite identity in the post-exilic period. A concluding chapter shows how some of the Old Testament's concerns find resonance in the New Testament.
David Brown
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199231829
- eISBN:
- 9780191716218
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231829.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter examines food and drink in all its variety, in particular the impact they had historically on people's perceptions. The discussion exposes the degree to which modern attitudes to food ...
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This chapter examines food and drink in all its variety, in particular the impact they had historically on people's perceptions. The discussion exposes the degree to which modern attitudes to food and drink necessarily — or only accidentally — preclude mediation of the divine through our experience of the various ways in which our bodies are sustained. The first part of the chapter is devoted to food. The second part examines the symbolism of water and wine first before turning to more general questions about drink and the various other ways in which it is given symbolic significance. In the case of water and wine, attention is drawn to how closer examination of the multivalent character of their symbolism has the potential to enrich current understandings of the two major Christian sacraments. The final section considers the various ways in which both alcoholic and non-alcoholic stimulants (tea and coffee in particular) have, in appropriate contexts, also been seen as opening the human mind to wider perceptions of reality.Less
This chapter examines food and drink in all its variety, in particular the impact they had historically on people's perceptions. The discussion exposes the degree to which modern attitudes to food and drink necessarily — or only accidentally — preclude mediation of the divine through our experience of the various ways in which our bodies are sustained. The first part of the chapter is devoted to food. The second part examines the symbolism of water and wine first before turning to more general questions about drink and the various other ways in which it is given symbolic significance. In the case of water and wine, attention is drawn to how closer examination of the multivalent character of their symbolism has the potential to enrich current understandings of the two major Christian sacraments. The final section considers the various ways in which both alcoholic and non-alcoholic stimulants (tea and coffee in particular) have, in appropriate contexts, also been seen as opening the human mind to wider perceptions of reality.
Bernard Capp
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199641789
- eISBN:
- 9780191744228
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199641789.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
Reformers blamed alehouses and taverns for encouraging drunkenness, violence, bawdiness, and gambling, and were determined to regulate them more closely. Building on pre-war campaigns, they sought to ...
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Reformers blamed alehouses and taverns for encouraging drunkenness, violence, bawdiness, and gambling, and were determined to regulate them more closely. Building on pre-war campaigns, they sought to suppress disorderly, unlicensed, and superfluous establishments, and restrict the granting of licences. The chapter examines the problems they faced, from evasion and defiance to the very patchy co-operation of local justices and parish officers. It considers the role of the Major-Generals in this field, and assesses the overall success of the campaign. It surveys too the related issue of health-drinking, associated with royalist defiance, blasphemy, and sexual immorality, and thus anathema to puritan reformers. Finally the chapter explores the culture and practice of duelling, frequently triggered by drunken quarrels. The regime was determined to suppress duels, and waged a vigorous campaign against elite offenders in the face of determined opposition.Less
Reformers blamed alehouses and taverns for encouraging drunkenness, violence, bawdiness, and gambling, and were determined to regulate them more closely. Building on pre-war campaigns, they sought to suppress disorderly, unlicensed, and superfluous establishments, and restrict the granting of licences. The chapter examines the problems they faced, from evasion and defiance to the very patchy co-operation of local justices and parish officers. It considers the role of the Major-Generals in this field, and assesses the overall success of the campaign. It surveys too the related issue of health-drinking, associated with royalist defiance, blasphemy, and sexual immorality, and thus anathema to puritan reformers. Finally the chapter explores the culture and practice of duelling, frequently triggered by drunken quarrels. The regime was determined to suppress duels, and waged a vigorous campaign against elite offenders in the face of determined opposition.
James Nicholls
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719077050
- eISBN:
- 9781781702758
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719077050.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Questions about drink — how it is used, how it should be regulated, and the social risks it presents — have been a source of sustained and heated dispute in recent years. This book puts these ...
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Questions about drink — how it is used, how it should be regulated, and the social risks it presents — have been a source of sustained and heated dispute in recent years. This book puts these concerns in historical context by providing a detailed and extensive survey of public debates on alcohol from the introduction of licensing in the mid-sixteenth century through to recent controversies over 24-hour licensing, binge drinking, and the cheap sale of alcohol in supermarkets. In doing so, it shows that concerns over drinking have always been tied to broader questions about national identity, individual freedom, and the relationship between government and the market. The book argues that in order to properly understand the cultural status of alcohol, we need to consider what attitudes to drinking tell us about the principles that underpin our modern, liberal society. It presents a wide-ranging guide to the social, political, and cultural history of alcohol in England, covering areas including law, public policy, medical thought, media representations, and political philosophy.Less
Questions about drink — how it is used, how it should be regulated, and the social risks it presents — have been a source of sustained and heated dispute in recent years. This book puts these concerns in historical context by providing a detailed and extensive survey of public debates on alcohol from the introduction of licensing in the mid-sixteenth century through to recent controversies over 24-hour licensing, binge drinking, and the cheap sale of alcohol in supermarkets. In doing so, it shows that concerns over drinking have always been tied to broader questions about national identity, individual freedom, and the relationship between government and the market. The book argues that in order to properly understand the cultural status of alcohol, we need to consider what attitudes to drinking tell us about the principles that underpin our modern, liberal society. It presents a wide-ranging guide to the social, political, and cultural history of alcohol in England, covering areas including law, public policy, medical thought, media representations, and political philosophy.
Philippe Cullet and Sujith Koonan (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198070818
- eISBN:
- 9780199080762
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198070818.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
India's dependence on water is critical owing to its large agricultural base, the water needs of its billion-plus population, and the recent economic growth trends. Despite the plethora of material ...
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India's dependence on water is critical owing to its large agricultural base, the water needs of its billion-plus population, and the recent economic growth trends. Despite the plethora of material on environmental law, legal scholarship on water law in particular has been negligible. This book discusses the policy framework for the use of water in India. It also brings out the complexity in the structure of laws due to variations at the levels of their implementation, i.e., at the international, national, state, municipal, and panchayat levels. It covers a wide range of issues such as centre-state relations; management, appropriation, and control of water; irrigation; sanitation; drinking water; ground water; pollution; and water-dependent activities like power generation, and fisheries. The book further explores water-related environmental and health concerns. The work also examines the importance of various conflict resolution processes for resolving water-related disputes. It offers a range of legal ideas on water management in India, and thus, provides crucial insights into the field.Less
India's dependence on water is critical owing to its large agricultural base, the water needs of its billion-plus population, and the recent economic growth trends. Despite the plethora of material on environmental law, legal scholarship on water law in particular has been negligible. This book discusses the policy framework for the use of water in India. It also brings out the complexity in the structure of laws due to variations at the levels of their implementation, i.e., at the international, national, state, municipal, and panchayat levels. It covers a wide range of issues such as centre-state relations; management, appropriation, and control of water; irrigation; sanitation; drinking water; ground water; pollution; and water-dependent activities like power generation, and fisheries. The book further explores water-related environmental and health concerns. The work also examines the importance of various conflict resolution processes for resolving water-related disputes. It offers a range of legal ideas on water management in India, and thus, provides crucial insights into the field.
Kimberley Christine Patton
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195091069
- eISBN:
- 9780199871568
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195091069.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
This chapter considers the question of how best to understand the ancient Greek ceremony of libation within its religious context. Questions addressed include: What kind of an offering was libation, ...
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This chapter considers the question of how best to understand the ancient Greek ceremony of libation within its religious context. Questions addressed include: What kind of an offering was libation, and to whom, in anyone, was it offered? How did it reach its recipients? In what sense is libation “sacrifice?”Less
This chapter considers the question of how best to understand the ancient Greek ceremony of libation within its religious context. Questions addressed include: What kind of an offering was libation, and to whom, in anyone, was it offered? How did it reach its recipients? In what sense is libation “sacrifice?”
A. B. Atkinson (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199278558
- eISBN:
- 9780191601590
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199278555.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
As their Millennium Development Goals, world leaders have pledged by 2015 to halve the number of people living in extreme poverty and hunger, to achieve universal primary education, to reduce child ...
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As their Millennium Development Goals, world leaders have pledged by 2015 to halve the number of people living in extreme poverty and hunger, to achieve universal primary education, to reduce child mortality, to halt the spread of HIV/AIDS, and to halve the number of people without safe drinking water. Achieving these goals requires a large increase in the flow of financial resources to developing countries – double the present development assistance from abroad. In examining innovative ways to secure these resources, this book, which is part of the UNU–WIDER Studies in Development Economics series, sets out a framework for the economic analysis of different sources of funding and applying the tools of modern public economics to identify the key issues. It examines the role of new sources of overseas aid, considers the fiscal architecture and the lessons that can be learned from federal fiscal systems, asks how far increased transfers impose a burden on donors, and investigates how far the raising of resources can be separated from their use. In turn, the book examines global environmental taxes (such as a carbon tax), the taxation of currency transactions (the Tobin tax), a development‐focused allocation of Special Drawing Rights by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the UK Government proposal for an International Finance Facility, increased private donations for development purposes, a global lottery (or premium bond), and increased remittances by emigrants. In each case, it considers the feasibility of the proposal and the resources that it can realistically raise, and offers new perspectives and insights into these new and controversial proposals.Less
As their Millennium Development Goals, world leaders have pledged by 2015 to halve the number of people living in extreme poverty and hunger, to achieve universal primary education, to reduce child mortality, to halt the spread of HIV/AIDS, and to halve the number of people without safe drinking water. Achieving these goals requires a large increase in the flow of financial resources to developing countries – double the present development assistance from abroad. In examining innovative ways to secure these resources, this book, which is part of the UNU–WIDER Studies in Development Economics series, sets out a framework for the economic analysis of different sources of funding and applying the tools of modern public economics to identify the key issues. It examines the role of new sources of overseas aid, considers the fiscal architecture and the lessons that can be learned from federal fiscal systems, asks how far increased transfers impose a burden on donors, and investigates how far the raising of resources can be separated from their use. In turn, the book examines global environmental taxes (such as a carbon tax), the taxation of currency transactions (the Tobin tax), a development‐focused allocation of Special Drawing Rights by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the UK Government proposal for an International Finance Facility, increased private donations for development purposes, a global lottery (or premium bond), and increased remittances by emigrants. In each case, it considers the feasibility of the proposal and the resources that it can realistically raise, and offers new perspectives and insights into these new and controversial proposals.
C. C. W. Taylor
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199226399
- eISBN:
- 9780191710209
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226399.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
J. O. Urmson criticizes Aristotle for blurring, in his discussion of bodily pleasures, the distinction between enjoying activities and enjoying pleasant sensations. This chapter argues a) that in ...
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J. O. Urmson criticizes Aristotle for blurring, in his discussion of bodily pleasures, the distinction between enjoying activities and enjoying pleasant sensations. This chapter argues a) that in many cases the enjoyment of pleasant sensations is an essential part of the enjoyment of activities; and b) that while Aristotle believes that intemperate people enjoy eating, drinking, and sex primarily for the sake of bodily sensations (which he construes as tactile sensations), he correctly believes that that account is compatible with their enjoying those activities themselves. Aristotle is, however, wrong in giving tactile sensations that central role in his account of intemperate enjoyments.Less
J. O. Urmson criticizes Aristotle for blurring, in his discussion of bodily pleasures, the distinction between enjoying activities and enjoying pleasant sensations. This chapter argues a) that in many cases the enjoyment of pleasant sensations is an essential part of the enjoyment of activities; and b) that while Aristotle believes that intemperate people enjoy eating, drinking, and sex primarily for the sake of bodily sensations (which he construes as tactile sensations), he correctly believes that that account is compatible with their enjoying those activities themselves. Aristotle is, however, wrong in giving tactile sensations that central role in his account of intemperate enjoyments.
Thomas F. Babor, Raul Caetano, Sally Casswell, Griffith Edwards, Norman Giesbrecht, Kathryn Graham, Joel W. Grube, Linda Hill, Harold Holder, Ross Homel, Michael Livingston, Esa Österberg, Jürgen Rehm, Robin Room, and Ingeborg Rossow
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199551149
- eISBN:
- 9780191720642
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199551149.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity - Research and Public Policy Second Edition is a collaborative effort by an international group of addiction scientists to improve the linkages between ...
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Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity - Research and Public Policy Second Edition is a collaborative effort by an international group of addiction scientists to improve the linkages between addiction science and alcohol policy. It presents the accumulated scientific knowledge on alcohol research that has a direct relevance to the development of alcohol policy on local, national, and international levels. It provides an objective analytical basis on which to build relevant policies globally, and informs policy makers who have direct responsibility for public health and social welfare. By locating alcohol policy primarily within the realm of public health, this book draws attention to the growing tendency for governments, both national and local, to consider alcohol misuse as a major determinant of ill health, and to organize societal responses accordingly. The scope of the book is comprehensive and international. The authors describe the conceptual basis for a rational alcohol policy and present new epidemiological data on the global dimensions of alcohol misuse. The core of the book is a critical review of the cumulative scientific evidence in seven general areas of alcohol policy: pricing and taxation; regulating the physical availability of alcohol; modifying the environment in which drinking occurs; drink-driving countermeasures; marketing restrictions; primary prevention programs in schools and other settings; and treatment and early intervention services. The final chapters discuss the current state of alcohol policy in different parts of the world and describe the need for a new approach to alcohol policy that is evidence-based, realistic, and coordinated.Less
Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity - Research and Public Policy Second Edition is a collaborative effort by an international group of addiction scientists to improve the linkages between addiction science and alcohol policy. It presents the accumulated scientific knowledge on alcohol research that has a direct relevance to the development of alcohol policy on local, national, and international levels. It provides an objective analytical basis on which to build relevant policies globally, and informs policy makers who have direct responsibility for public health and social welfare. By locating alcohol policy primarily within the realm of public health, this book draws attention to the growing tendency for governments, both national and local, to consider alcohol misuse as a major determinant of ill health, and to organize societal responses accordingly. The scope of the book is comprehensive and international. The authors describe the conceptual basis for a rational alcohol policy and present new epidemiological data on the global dimensions of alcohol misuse. The core of the book is a critical review of the cumulative scientific evidence in seven general areas of alcohol policy: pricing and taxation; regulating the physical availability of alcohol; modifying the environment in which drinking occurs; drink-driving countermeasures; marketing restrictions; primary prevention programs in schools and other settings; and treatment and early intervention services. The final chapters discuss the current state of alcohol policy in different parts of the world and describe the need for a new approach to alcohol policy that is evidence-based, realistic, and coordinated.
Nicholas Mcdowell
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199278008
- eISBN:
- 9780191707810
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199278008.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, 17th-century and Restoration Literature, Poetry
Richard Lovelace is the best-known ‘Cavalier’ poet. He was a relative and close friend of Thomas Stanley; he was friends with both John Hall and Marvell. This chapter offers a revisionist ...
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Richard Lovelace is the best-known ‘Cavalier’ poet. He was a relative and close friend of Thomas Stanley; he was friends with both John Hall and Marvell. This chapter offers a revisionist interpretation of several of his most acclaimed lyric poems, including ‘The Grasshopper’, by placing them in the context of royalist disillusionment in the aftermath of the king's defeat but also of the cultural activities of the Stanley circle. These readings of Lovelace's verse show how his post-war lyrics dwell on the collapse of Stuart court culture and patronage. Lovelace looks rather to a recreation of the sort of literary circle over which Ben Jonson presided in pre-war London for the preservation of literary values against what he perceives as Puritan philistinism.Less
Richard Lovelace is the best-known ‘Cavalier’ poet. He was a relative and close friend of Thomas Stanley; he was friends with both John Hall and Marvell. This chapter offers a revisionist interpretation of several of his most acclaimed lyric poems, including ‘The Grasshopper’, by placing them in the context of royalist disillusionment in the aftermath of the king's defeat but also of the cultural activities of the Stanley circle. These readings of Lovelace's verse show how his post-war lyrics dwell on the collapse of Stuart court culture and patronage. Lovelace looks rather to a recreation of the sort of literary circle over which Ben Jonson presided in pre-war London for the preservation of literary values against what he perceives as Puritan philistinism.
Thomas Babor, Harold Holder, Raul Caetano, Ross Homel, Sally Casswell, Michael Livingston, Griffith Edwards, Esa Österberg, Norman Giesbrecht, Jürgen Rehm, Kathryn Graham, Robin Room, Joel Grube, Ingeborg Rossow, and Linda Hill
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199551149
- eISBN:
- 9780191720642
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199551149.003.003
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter describes alcohol consumption trends and patterns of drinking in a global perspective. The typical frequency of drinking and the amount of alcohol consumed per occasion vary enormously, ...
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This chapter describes alcohol consumption trends and patterns of drinking in a global perspective. The typical frequency of drinking and the amount of alcohol consumed per occasion vary enormously, not only among world regions and countries, but also over time and among different population groups. It is shown that variations in these ‘patterns’ of drinking affect rates of alcohol-related problems, and have implications for the choice of alcohol policy measures.Less
This chapter describes alcohol consumption trends and patterns of drinking in a global perspective. The typical frequency of drinking and the amount of alcohol consumed per occasion vary enormously, not only among world regions and countries, but also over time and among different population groups. It is shown that variations in these ‘patterns’ of drinking affect rates of alcohol-related problems, and have implications for the choice of alcohol policy measures.
Thomas Babor, Harold Holder, Raul Caetano, Ross Homel, Sally Casswell, Michael Livingston, Griffith Edwards, Esa Österberg, Norman Giesbrecht, Jürgen Rehm, Kathryn Graham, Robin Room, Joel Grube, Ingeborg Rossow, and Linda Hill
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199551149
- eISBN:
- 9780191720642
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199551149.003.004
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter describes the enormous range of alcohol-related consequences within two broad categories: alcohol's contribution to the burden of illness carried by individuals and societies; and ...
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This chapter describes the enormous range of alcohol-related consequences within two broad categories: alcohol's contribution to the burden of illness carried by individuals and societies; and alcohol's harmful effect on the social fabric of families, communities, and nations. It also discusses the potential health benefits of moderate alcohol use. The chapter begins with a discussion of how epidemiologists establish causal relations between drinking and its consequences. It then reviews the evidence on health consequences in three different frames: 1) the role of alcohol in the global burden of disease and disability; 2) alcohol and all-cause mortality; and 3) the relation of alcohol to specific causes of death and disease. The relation of drinking to different types of social problems is then considered. A case study of the Russian experience during the anti-alcohol campaign of 1985-7 is used to illustrate the potential changes in health and social problems that follow from reductions in alcohol consumption. The available evidence on the relative magnitude of health and social problems from drinking is also considered.Less
This chapter describes the enormous range of alcohol-related consequences within two broad categories: alcohol's contribution to the burden of illness carried by individuals and societies; and alcohol's harmful effect on the social fabric of families, communities, and nations. It also discusses the potential health benefits of moderate alcohol use. The chapter begins with a discussion of how epidemiologists establish causal relations between drinking and its consequences. It then reviews the evidence on health consequences in three different frames: 1) the role of alcohol in the global burden of disease and disability; 2) alcohol and all-cause mortality; and 3) the relation of alcohol to specific causes of death and disease. The relation of drinking to different types of social problems is then considered. A case study of the Russian experience during the anti-alcohol campaign of 1985-7 is used to illustrate the potential changes in health and social problems that follow from reductions in alcohol consumption. The available evidence on the relative magnitude of health and social problems from drinking is also considered.
Thomas Babor, Harold Holder, Raul Caetano, Ross Homel, Sally Casswell, Michael Livingston, Griffith Edwards, Esa Österberg, Norman Giesbrecht, Jürgen Rehm, Kathryn Graham, Robin Room, Joel Grube, Ingeborg Rossow, and Linda Hill
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199551149
- eISBN:
- 9780191720642
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199551149.003.011
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter describes the relationship between drinking and driving, and how an understanding of that association can be used to design countermeasures which prevent alcohol-related injuries and ...
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This chapter describes the relationship between drinking and driving, and how an understanding of that association can be used to design countermeasures which prevent alcohol-related injuries and death. It begins with a discussion of blood alcohol concentration as the key mechanism of alcohol-related harm. Current theories of harm-minimization are described before reviewing the evidence supporting various legal and regulatory measures as well as rules and procedures designed to reduce driving under the influence of alcohol.Less
This chapter describes the relationship between drinking and driving, and how an understanding of that association can be used to design countermeasures which prevent alcohol-related injuries and death. It begins with a discussion of blood alcohol concentration as the key mechanism of alcohol-related harm. Current theories of harm-minimization are described before reviewing the evidence supporting various legal and regulatory measures as well as rules and procedures designed to reduce driving under the influence of alcohol.
Steven Earnshaw
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780719099618
- eISBN:
- 9781526141934
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099618.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
Drinking to excess has been a striking problem for industrial and post-industrial societies – who is responsible when a ‘free’ individual opts for a slow suicide? The causes of such drinking have ...
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Drinking to excess has been a striking problem for industrial and post-industrial societies – who is responsible when a ‘free’ individual opts for a slow suicide? The causes of such drinking have often been blamed on heredity, moral weakness, ‘disease’ (addiction), hedonism, and Romantic illusion. Yet there is another reason which may be more fundamental and which has been overlooked or dismissed, and it is that the drinker may act with sincere philosophical intent. The Existential drinker looks at the convergence of a new kind of excessive, habitual drinking, beginning in the nineteenth century, and a new way of thinking about the self which in the twentieth century comes to be labelled ‘Existential’. A substantial introduction covers questions of self, will, consciousness, authenticity and ethics in relation to drinking, while introducing aspects of Existential thought pertinent to the discussion. The Existential-drinker canon is anchored in Jack London’s ‘alcoholic memoir’ John Barleycorn (1913) where London claims he can get at the truth of existence only through the insights afforded by excessive and repeated alcohol use. The book then covers drinker-texts such as Jean Rhys’s interwar novels, Malcolm Lowry’s Under the volcano, Charles Jackson’s The lost weekend and John O’Brien’s Leaving Las Vegas, along with less well-known works such as Frederick Exley’s A fan’s notes, Venedikt Yerofeev’s Moscow-Petushki, and A. L. Kennedy’s Paradise. The book will appeal to anybody with an interest in drinking and literature, as well as those with more specialised concerns in drinking studies, Existentialism, twentieth-century literature, and medical humanities.Less
Drinking to excess has been a striking problem for industrial and post-industrial societies – who is responsible when a ‘free’ individual opts for a slow suicide? The causes of such drinking have often been blamed on heredity, moral weakness, ‘disease’ (addiction), hedonism, and Romantic illusion. Yet there is another reason which may be more fundamental and which has been overlooked or dismissed, and it is that the drinker may act with sincere philosophical intent. The Existential drinker looks at the convergence of a new kind of excessive, habitual drinking, beginning in the nineteenth century, and a new way of thinking about the self which in the twentieth century comes to be labelled ‘Existential’. A substantial introduction covers questions of self, will, consciousness, authenticity and ethics in relation to drinking, while introducing aspects of Existential thought pertinent to the discussion. The Existential-drinker canon is anchored in Jack London’s ‘alcoholic memoir’ John Barleycorn (1913) where London claims he can get at the truth of existence only through the insights afforded by excessive and repeated alcohol use. The book then covers drinker-texts such as Jean Rhys’s interwar novels, Malcolm Lowry’s Under the volcano, Charles Jackson’s The lost weekend and John O’Brien’s Leaving Las Vegas, along with less well-known works such as Frederick Exley’s A fan’s notes, Venedikt Yerofeev’s Moscow-Petushki, and A. L. Kennedy’s Paradise. The book will appeal to anybody with an interest in drinking and literature, as well as those with more specialised concerns in drinking studies, Existentialism, twentieth-century literature, and medical humanities.
