Lawrence M. Wills (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195151428
- eISBN:
- 9780199870516
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195151429.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
The present collection makes available in fresh translations all of the ancient examples of the Jewish novels, and introduces them for the student and general reader. The texts are divided into three ...
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The present collection makes available in fresh translations all of the ancient examples of the Jewish novels, and introduces them for the student and general reader. The texts are divided into three categories: novels, historical novels, and testaments, and each text is given its own introduction. Similarities and differences are discussed in regard to other ancient popular literature, such as Greek novels, Roman novels, Christian novels, and Apocryphal Acts, and the distinction between fiction and history is explored. Jewish identity and the competition of ethnic groups are generally the themes, but with the large number of women characters, we are also afforded insights into gender constructions in Jewish popular literature. The protagonists of Jewish novels are often figures otherwise unknown to Jewish history, but are sometimes also biblical patriarchs (Moses, Joseph, Abraham, Job), although their stories are told here in a way surprisingly different from what is found in the Hebrew Bible. There are also possible allusions to Jewish mysticism and mysteries in some of the texts.The texts are: Greek Esther, Susanna, and Bel and the Dragon (or Bel and the Serpent) from Greek Daniel, Tobit, Judith, Third Maccabees, The Marriage and Conversion of Aseneth (or Joseph and Aseneth), The Tobiad Romance, The Royal Family of Adiabene, the Testament of Joseph, the Testament of Job, and the Testament of Abraham. Some of the novels are found in the Old Testament Apocrypha, while others derive from other sources, such as Josephus or the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs.Less
The present collection makes available in fresh translations all of the ancient examples of the Jewish novels, and introduces them for the student and general reader. The texts are divided into three categories: novels, historical novels, and testaments, and each text is given its own introduction. Similarities and differences are discussed in regard to other ancient popular literature, such as Greek novels, Roman novels, Christian novels, and Apocryphal Acts, and the distinction between fiction and history is explored. Jewish identity and the competition of ethnic groups are generally the themes, but with the large number of women characters, we are also afforded insights into gender constructions in Jewish popular literature. The protagonists of Jewish novels are often figures otherwise unknown to Jewish history, but are sometimes also biblical patriarchs (Moses, Joseph, Abraham, Job), although their stories are told here in a way surprisingly different from what is found in the Hebrew Bible. There are also possible allusions to Jewish mysticism and mysteries in some of the texts.
The texts are: Greek Esther, Susanna, and Bel and the Dragon (or Bel and the Serpent) from Greek Daniel, Tobit, Judith, Third Maccabees, The Marriage and Conversion of Aseneth (or Joseph and Aseneth), The Tobiad Romance, The Royal Family of Adiabene, the Testament of Joseph, the Testament of Job, and the Testament of Abraham. Some of the novels are found in the Old Testament Apocrypha, while others derive from other sources, such as Josephus or the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs.
Carl Sagan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195310726
- eISBN:
- 9780199785179
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195310726.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Carl Sagan is a public intellectual and the best-selling author of Cosmos, The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark, The Dragons of Eden: Speculations on the Evolution of Human ...
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Carl Sagan is a public intellectual and the best-selling author of Cosmos, The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark, The Dragons of Eden: Speculations on the Evolution of Human Intelligence, and many other books. His science fiction novel, Contact, was made into a popular, major motion picture in 1997. Sagan is well known for his interests in extra-terrestrial life and is closely linked to the SETI (Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence). As a scientist, Sagan educated the public about “Nuclear Winter”, the idea that a nuclear war could precipitate an unprecedented ice age that might render the Earth largely uninhabitable. Sagan became notorious in certain circles for his forays into religion, which he viewed with skepticism.Less
Carl Sagan is a public intellectual and the best-selling author of Cosmos, The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark, The Dragons of Eden: Speculations on the Evolution of Human Intelligence, and many other books. His science fiction novel, Contact, was made into a popular, major motion picture in 1997. Sagan is well known for his interests in extra-terrestrial life and is closely linked to the SETI (Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence). As a scientist, Sagan educated the public about “Nuclear Winter”, the idea that a nuclear war could precipitate an unprecedented ice age that might render the Earth largely uninhabitable. Sagan became notorious in certain circles for his forays into religion, which he viewed with skepticism.
Juliana Dresvina
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780197265963
- eISBN:
- 9780191772061
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265963.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This is the first comprehensive interdisciplinary study of the cult of St Margaret of Antioch in medieval England. Margaret was one of the most famous female saints of both the Catholic world and of ...
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This is the first comprehensive interdisciplinary study of the cult of St Margaret of Antioch in medieval England. Margaret was one of the most famous female saints of both the Catholic world and of Eastern Christianity (as St Marina). Her legend is remembered by her confrontation with a dragon-shaped devil, who allegedly swallowed Margaret and then burst asunder. This episode became firmly established in iconography, making her one of the most frequently represented saints. Margaret was supposedly martyred in the late third century, but apart from the historically problematic legend there is no evidence concerning her in other contemporary sources. The sudden appearance of her name in liturgical manuscripts in the late eighth century is connected with the coeval dispersal of her relics. The cult grew in England from Anglo-Saxon times, with over 200 churches dedicated to Margaret (second only to Mary among female saints), with hundreds of her images and copies of her life known within the country. This monograph examines Greek, Latin, Old English, Middle English, and Anglo-Norman versions of Margaret’s life, their mouvance and cultural context, providing editions of the hitherto unpublished texts. In considering these versions, the iconographic evidence, their patronage, and audience, the monograph traces the changes in St Margaret’s story through the eight centuries before the Reformation. It also considers the further trajectory of the legend as reflected in popular fairy tales and contemporary cultural stereotypes. Special attention is given to the interpretation of St Margaret’s demonic encounter, central to the legend’s iconography and theology.Less
This is the first comprehensive interdisciplinary study of the cult of St Margaret of Antioch in medieval England. Margaret was one of the most famous female saints of both the Catholic world and of Eastern Christianity (as St Marina). Her legend is remembered by her confrontation with a dragon-shaped devil, who allegedly swallowed Margaret and then burst asunder. This episode became firmly established in iconography, making her one of the most frequently represented saints. Margaret was supposedly martyred in the late third century, but apart from the historically problematic legend there is no evidence concerning her in other contemporary sources. The sudden appearance of her name in liturgical manuscripts in the late eighth century is connected with the coeval dispersal of her relics. The cult grew in England from Anglo-Saxon times, with over 200 churches dedicated to Margaret (second only to Mary among female saints), with hundreds of her images and copies of her life known within the country. This monograph examines Greek, Latin, Old English, Middle English, and Anglo-Norman versions of Margaret’s life, their mouvance and cultural context, providing editions of the hitherto unpublished texts. In considering these versions, the iconographic evidence, their patronage, and audience, the monograph traces the changes in St Margaret’s story through the eight centuries before the Reformation. It also considers the further trajectory of the legend as reflected in popular fairy tales and contemporary cultural stereotypes. Special attention is given to the interpretation of St Margaret’s demonic encounter, central to the legend’s iconography and theology.
Noel T. Boaz and Russell L. Ciochon
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195152913
- eISBN:
- 9780199790036
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195152913.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This book recreates the story of life before Homo sapiens walked the earth. It was once thought that “Peking Man”, the remains of a cave man discovered at the famous fossil site of Dragon Bone Hill ...
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This book recreates the story of life before Homo sapiens walked the earth. It was once thought that “Peking Man”, the remains of a cave man discovered at the famous fossil site of Dragon Bone Hill in China, had been a great hunter. But Peking Man was actually a composite of the remains of some fifty women, children, and men unfortunate enough to have been the prey of a giant cave hyena. The book retells the story of the cave's unique species of early human, Homo erectus. New evidence shows that Homo erectus was an opportunist who rode a tide of environmental change out of Africa into Eurasia, puddle-jumping from one gene pool to the next. Armed with a shaky hold on fire and some sharp rocks, Homo erectus survived for over 1.5 million years, much longer than Homo sapiens, our own species, has been on Earth. Tell-tale marks on fossil bones show that the lives of these early humans were brutal, yet there are fleeting glimpses of human compassion as well. The small brain of Homo erectus and its strangely unchanging culture indicate that the species could not talk. Part of that primitive culture included ritualized aggression, to which the extremely thick skulls of Homo erectus bear witness.Less
This book recreates the story of life before Homo sapiens walked the earth. It was once thought that “Peking Man”, the remains of a cave man discovered at the famous fossil site of Dragon Bone Hill in China, had been a great hunter. But Peking Man was actually a composite of the remains of some fifty women, children, and men unfortunate enough to have been the prey of a giant cave hyena. The book retells the story of the cave's unique species of early human, Homo erectus. New evidence shows that Homo erectus was an opportunist who rode a tide of environmental change out of Africa into Eurasia, puddle-jumping from one gene pool to the next. Armed with a shaky hold on fire and some sharp rocks, Homo erectus survived for over 1.5 million years, much longer than Homo sapiens, our own species, has been on Earth. Tell-tale marks on fossil bones show that the lives of these early humans were brutal, yet there are fleeting glimpses of human compassion as well. The small brain of Homo erectus and its strangely unchanging culture indicate that the species could not talk. Part of that primitive culture included ritualized aggression, to which the extremely thick skulls of Homo erectus bear witness.
Noel T. Boaz and Russell L. Ciochon
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195152913
- eISBN:
- 9780199790036
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195152913.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter focuses on the discoveries at Dragon Bone Hill in northern China. Topics discussed include the mysterious affinity between the ancient dragons of Chinese myth and the fossilized remains ...
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This chapter focuses on the discoveries at Dragon Bone Hill in northern China. Topics discussed include the mysterious affinity between the ancient dragons of Chinese myth and the fossilized remains of extinct animals, suspicions of hominids at Longgushan and their discovery, a “missing link expedition” through China to the Gobi Desert, and the discovery of the first hominid skull.Less
This chapter focuses on the discoveries at Dragon Bone Hill in northern China. Topics discussed include the mysterious affinity between the ancient dragons of Chinese myth and the fossilized remains of extinct animals, suspicions of hominids at Longgushan and their discovery, a “missing link expedition” through China to the Gobi Desert, and the discovery of the first hominid skull.
Noel T. Boaz and Russell L. Ciochon
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195152913
- eISBN:
- 9780199790036
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195152913.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
Anatomical, archaeological, geological, paleontological, and paleoecological evidence have been pieced together to present a series of new hypotheses about the Chinese Homo erectus and its main site ...
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Anatomical, archaeological, geological, paleontological, and paleoecological evidence have been pieced together to present a series of new hypotheses about the Chinese Homo erectus and its main site of discovery, Dragon Bone Hill. This new composite view fits the available evidence, but all hypotheses in science should be testable. This means that they must be falsifiable. This chapter proposes a number of tests which can either disprove the book's hypotheses or further support them.Less
Anatomical, archaeological, geological, paleontological, and paleoecological evidence have been pieced together to present a series of new hypotheses about the Chinese Homo erectus and its main site of discovery, Dragon Bone Hill. This new composite view fits the available evidence, but all hypotheses in science should be testable. This means that they must be falsifiable. This chapter proposes a number of tests which can either disprove the book's hypotheses or further support them.
Paul Maddrell
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199267507
- eISBN:
- 9780191708404
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199267507.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter discusses the significant role played by the returnees from the USSR in Western intelligence collection. It adds that the returnees were valued sources because little other intelligence ...
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This chapter discusses the significant role played by the returnees from the USSR in Western intelligence collection. It adds that the returnees were valued sources because little other intelligence was being acquired on weapons research, development, and production in the USSR in the 1950s. It then explains that the lack of information lead to the underestimation of Soviet progress. It also talks about the exploitation of German scientific workers in the USSR. It suggests that the value of information obtained was diminished by three factors: the tendency of the Soviet system to bad organization; the limited role given to the Germans even when they were seen as having a role to play; and the security measures taken to prevent them from acquiring intelligence of value to the West. It discusses that the atomic returnees were the most valuable collection of informants; among them were former members of the Riehl Group.Less
This chapter discusses the significant role played by the returnees from the USSR in Western intelligence collection. It adds that the returnees were valued sources because little other intelligence was being acquired on weapons research, development, and production in the USSR in the 1950s. It then explains that the lack of information lead to the underestimation of Soviet progress. It also talks about the exploitation of German scientific workers in the USSR. It suggests that the value of information obtained was diminished by three factors: the tendency of the Soviet system to bad organization; the limited role given to the Germans even when they were seen as having a role to play; and the security measures taken to prevent them from acquiring intelligence of value to the West. It discusses that the atomic returnees were the most valuable collection of informants; among them were former members of the Riehl Group.
Paul B. Duff
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195138351
- eISBN:
- 9780199834150
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019513835X.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
Throughout the Book of Revelation, John implicitly compares his rival to one of the primary evil characters, the Beast from the Earth (also known as the False Prophet in the later chapters of ...
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Throughout the Book of Revelation, John implicitly compares his rival to one of the primary evil characters, the Beast from the Earth (also known as the False Prophet in the later chapters of Revelation). On the one hand, he ironically ties this figure (in this case in the guise of the False Prophet) to the character of Elijah, an exemplary prophet from the Hebrew Bible whose nemesis was, appropriately enough, Jezebel (the wife of Ahab). On the other hand, he makes the connection by means of the portrait of the Beast that appears in Ch. 13. There the Beast is depicted in a manner quite different from the other beasts of Revelation; it looks like a lamb and sounds like a dragon. This description of the Beast could easily fit “Jezebel” for she too looks like a lamb (in that she is a Christian) but sounds like a dragon (in that Satan is depicted in the guise of a dragon in Ch. 12.Less
Throughout the Book of Revelation, John implicitly compares his rival to one of the primary evil characters, the Beast from the Earth (also known as the False Prophet in the later chapters of Revelation). On the one hand, he ironically ties this figure (in this case in the guise of the False Prophet) to the character of Elijah, an exemplary prophet from the Hebrew Bible whose nemesis was, appropriately enough, Jezebel (the wife of Ahab). On the other hand, he makes the connection by means of the portrait of the Beast that appears in Ch. 13. There the Beast is depicted in a manner quite different from the other beasts of Revelation; it looks like a lamb and sounds like a dragon. This description of the Beast could easily fit “Jezebel” for she too looks like a lamb (in that she is a Christian) but sounds like a dragon (in that Satan is depicted in the guise of a dragon in Ch. 12.
Paul Maddrell
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199267507
- eISBN:
- 9780191708404
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199267507.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter focuses on the increased suspicion of British and Americans and the effect on the character of their containment policy by the threat posed by Stalin's arms build-up. It adds that the ...
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This chapter focuses on the increased suspicion of British and Americans and the effect on the character of their containment policy by the threat posed by Stalin's arms build-up. It adds that the West's demand for more intelligence on the Soviet build-up and decision to induce the defection of East German scientific workers so as to deny them to their rival resulted in the exploitation of the scientific returnees of the 1950s. It assumes that the defectors reduced the scientific potential available. It explains that a mass of intelligence was acquired from refugees about the activities of factories and research institutes, particularly their production, and that it was used for embargo. It adds that mass flight caused serious damage to East German research and development and supplied the west with sources who reported on its difficulties. It explains that refugee interrogation was a great technique of obtaining information.Less
This chapter focuses on the increased suspicion of British and Americans and the effect on the character of their containment policy by the threat posed by Stalin's arms build-up. It adds that the West's demand for more intelligence on the Soviet build-up and decision to induce the defection of East German scientific workers so as to deny them to their rival resulted in the exploitation of the scientific returnees of the 1950s. It assumes that the defectors reduced the scientific potential available. It explains that a mass of intelligence was acquired from refugees about the activities of factories and research institutes, particularly their production, and that it was used for embargo. It adds that mass flight caused serious damage to East German research and development and supplied the west with sources who reported on its difficulties. It explains that refugee interrogation was a great technique of obtaining information.
M. L. West
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199280759
- eISBN:
- 9780191712913
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199280759.003.0007
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter discusses the Indo-European deities of rain and thunder, wind and fire, river and flood. These include the god of thunder, the water dragon, wind gods, fire gods, and the holy status of ...
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This chapter discusses the Indo-European deities of rain and thunder, wind and fire, river and flood. These include the god of thunder, the water dragon, wind gods, fire gods, and the holy status of terrestrial (potable) waters.Less
This chapter discusses the Indo-European deities of rain and thunder, wind and fire, river and flood. These include the god of thunder, the water dragon, wind gods, fire gods, and the holy status of terrestrial (potable) waters.
Lawrence M. Wills (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195151428
- eISBN:
- 9780199870516
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195151429.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
An introduction and translation of Susanna and Bel and the Dragon (also called Bel and the Serpent), added to the Book of Daniel in the Old Testament Apocrypha. Bel and the Dragon is a satire or ...
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An introduction and translation of Susanna and Bel and the Dragon (also called Bel and the Serpent), added to the Book of Daniel in the Old Testament Apocrypha. Bel and the Dragon is a satire or parody of worship of idols. These stories include the motifs of penitence and prayer, competition of ethnic groups, the role of women, and the construction of gender.Less
An introduction and translation of Susanna and Bel and the Dragon (also called Bel and the Serpent), added to the Book of Daniel in the Old Testament Apocrypha. Bel and the Dragon is a satire or parody of worship of idols. These stories include the motifs of penitence and prayer, competition of ethnic groups, the role of women, and the construction of gender.
Susanne M. Sklar
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199603145
- eISBN:
- 9780191731594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199603145.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Literature
Like his Jews, Blake's Deists coinhere with warrior Druids; their ideology spreads more violence than the theology they challenge. Now Albion's disease infects Los, Albion falls yet again, and Vala ...
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Like his Jews, Blake's Deists coinhere with warrior Druids; their ideology spreads more violence than the theology they challenge. Now Albion's disease infects Los, Albion falls yet again, and Vala fuels violence through sexual titillation — and repression (1). Urizen builds what he thinks is a redemptive rational Druid temple (2), and Jerusalem works in Satanic mills where she nearly loses sight of divine forgiveness (3). Vala melds with the Druid dragon of Selfhood, spreading war worldwide (4); her daughters delight in torture and human sacrifice (5). Yet the peace of ‘heavenly Canaan’ still hovers (6) Los keeps building Golgonooza but it has become the structure of ‘Religion Hid in War’. The harlot‐dragon reigns (7).Less
Like his Jews, Blake's Deists coinhere with warrior Druids; their ideology spreads more violence than the theology they challenge. Now Albion's disease infects Los, Albion falls yet again, and Vala fuels violence through sexual titillation — and repression (1). Urizen builds what he thinks is a redemptive rational Druid temple (2), and Jerusalem works in Satanic mills where she nearly loses sight of divine forgiveness (3). Vala melds with the Druid dragon of Selfhood, spreading war worldwide (4); her daughters delight in torture and human sacrifice (5). Yet the peace of ‘heavenly Canaan’ still hovers (6) Los keeps building Golgonooza but it has become the structure of ‘Religion Hid in War’. The harlot‐dragon reigns (7).
Susanne M. Sklar
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199603145
- eISBN:
- 9780191731594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199603145.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Literature
The depredations of Selfhood can be overcome. Jerusalem melds wrath with love, confronting shadowy Vala (1) whose daughters weave death (2). As Los sings Jerusalem appears tri‐locational, grieving ...
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The depredations of Selfhood can be overcome. Jerusalem melds wrath with love, confronting shadowy Vala (1) whose daughters weave death (2). As Los sings Jerusalem appears tri‐locational, grieving and exhausted — while emanating from Albion and descending from heaven (3). But sexual contentions obstruct Los' work (4), and Vala thrusts her cup of wrath upon Jerusalem who is devoured by the dragon to rise again. Los keeps building, freeing himself from gender disputes (5). Then time ends, Albion awakens, and sees that Los and Jesus coinhere. He throws himself into furnaces which become living water — as all things interrelate, sensual and rejoicing, in forgiveness of sins. No one is damned (6).Less
The depredations of Selfhood can be overcome. Jerusalem melds wrath with love, confronting shadowy Vala (1) whose daughters weave death (2). As Los sings Jerusalem appears tri‐locational, grieving and exhausted — while emanating from Albion and descending from heaven (3). But sexual contentions obstruct Los' work (4), and Vala thrusts her cup of wrath upon Jerusalem who is devoured by the dragon to rise again. Los keeps building, freeing himself from gender disputes (5). Then time ends, Albion awakens, and sees that Los and Jesus coinhere. He throws himself into furnaces which become living water — as all things interrelate, sensual and rejoicing, in forgiveness of sins. No one is damned (6).
BONNIE S. McDOUGALL
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199256792
- eISBN:
- 9780191698378
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199256792.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
Xu Guangping addressed her letter to Lu Xun the writer, rather than to Mr Zhou, her teacher. It is unlikely that one of her motives in writing was the pursuit of a romantic relationship. In her ...
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Xu Guangping addressed her letter to Lu Xun the writer, rather than to Mr Zhou, her teacher. It is unlikely that one of her motives in writing was the pursuit of a romantic relationship. In her letter of 20 March she referred to herself as xiao gui (young devil). Lu Xun took up the epithet in his letter of 8 April, and she used it as part of her signature in her reply. From that point on, their correspondence took on a teasing note. Xu Guangping's first visit to Lu Xun's home was with Lin Zhuofeng on 12 April. He also comments on how protective he feels about his students, in what seems to be a disguised reference to her in particular. The Dragon Boat Day incident was another turning point in their relationship. On 2 July, Xu Guangping made her first visit alone to Lu Xun's home.Less
Xu Guangping addressed her letter to Lu Xun the writer, rather than to Mr Zhou, her teacher. It is unlikely that one of her motives in writing was the pursuit of a romantic relationship. In her letter of 20 March she referred to herself as xiao gui (young devil). Lu Xun took up the epithet in his letter of 8 April, and she used it as part of her signature in her reply. From that point on, their correspondence took on a teasing note. Xu Guangping's first visit to Lu Xun's home was with Lin Zhuofeng on 12 April. He also comments on how protective he feels about his students, in what seems to be a disguised reference to her in particular. The Dragon Boat Day incident was another turning point in their relationship. On 2 July, Xu Guangping made her first visit alone to Lu Xun's home.
Jarrod L. Whitaker
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199755707
- eISBN:
- 9780199895274
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199755707.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
Chapter 3 argues that the term śū́ra (“big/strong man; champion”) is far more specialized in use than has been previously recognized as it signifies a specific and expert martial and political role. ...
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Chapter 3 argues that the term śū́ra (“big/strong man; champion”) is far more specialized in use than has been previously recognized as it signifies a specific and expert martial and political role. As such, it designates the real hero of early Vedic ritual culture. The primary evidence for this relates to Indra’s mythic battle with his archnemesis, the cosmic serpent Vr̥tra, who in the human world represents the paradigmatic “Enemy-Other” to R̥gvedic social and political concerns. Furthermore, this chapter examines the notion of the śū́ra’s “strength” (sávas) as the use of this term sheds considerable light on the role of the śū́ra and the meaning of Indra’s battle with Vr̥tra. This chapter thus explores the relationship between heroism, physical strength and size, cosmic expansion, controlling natural resources, and the myth of Indra’s destruction of the Vedic “dragon”, Vr̥tra.Less
Chapter 3 argues that the term śū́ra (“big/strong man; champion”) is far more specialized in use than has been previously recognized as it signifies a specific and expert martial and political role. As such, it designates the real hero of early Vedic ritual culture. The primary evidence for this relates to Indra’s mythic battle with his archnemesis, the cosmic serpent Vr̥tra, who in the human world represents the paradigmatic “Enemy-Other” to R̥gvedic social and political concerns. Furthermore, this chapter examines the notion of the śū́ra’s “strength” (sávas) as the use of this term sheds considerable light on the role of the śū́ra and the meaning of Indra’s battle with Vr̥tra. This chapter thus explores the relationship between heroism, physical strength and size, cosmic expansion, controlling natural resources, and the myth of Indra’s destruction of the Vedic “dragon”, Vr̥tra.
Kenneth Chan
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622090552
- eISBN:
- 9789882207356
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622090552.003.0004
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter describes the arrival of wuxia pian, or Chinese sword-fighting movies, to Hollywood. It examines Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) and Zhang Yimou's Hero (2002) and House ...
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This chapter describes the arrival of wuxia pian, or Chinese sword-fighting movies, to Hollywood. It examines Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) and Zhang Yimou's Hero (2002) and House of Flying Daggers (2004), focusing on how these films grapple with the larger issues of cultural identity, the politics of Chineseness, and the immense pressure of American and global audience appeal.Less
This chapter describes the arrival of wuxia pian, or Chinese sword-fighting movies, to Hollywood. It examines Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) and Zhang Yimou's Hero (2002) and House of Flying Daggers (2004), focusing on how these films grapple with the larger issues of cultural identity, the politics of Chineseness, and the immense pressure of American and global audience appeal.
Claus Nielsen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199606023
- eISBN:
- 9780191774706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199606023.003.0053
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics, Animal Biology
The Kinorhyncha, or mud dragons, is a small phylum consisting of roughly 200 benthic, marine invertebrates measuring almost less than one millimetre long. It represents two generally recognised ...
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The Kinorhyncha, or mud dragons, is a small phylum consisting of roughly 200 benthic, marine invertebrates measuring almost less than one millimetre long. It represents two generally recognised orders, Cyclorhagida and Homalorhagida, although the group shows significant homogeneity. Many of the cyclorhagids ingest diatoms, whereas most of the homalorhagids live on detritus. One species, Echinoderes capitatus, has a mid-dorsal spine on the fourth segment that contains a multiciliary receptor cell. The monophyly of the kinorhynchs is clearly demonstrated by the ‘segmented’ musculature and nervous system corresponding to the nine rings of cuticular plates of the trunk. The phylum shares a number of characters with priapulans and loriciferans suggestive of the monophyly of the Scalidophora, including the chitinous cuticle, the large introvert with different types of scalids, the presence of tanycytes, and the two rings of introvert retractor muscles. The sister-group relationship with the loriciferans is supported by a non-inversible mouth cone with cuticular ridges and spines.Less
The Kinorhyncha, or mud dragons, is a small phylum consisting of roughly 200 benthic, marine invertebrates measuring almost less than one millimetre long. It represents two generally recognised orders, Cyclorhagida and Homalorhagida, although the group shows significant homogeneity. Many of the cyclorhagids ingest diatoms, whereas most of the homalorhagids live on detritus. One species, Echinoderes capitatus, has a mid-dorsal spine on the fourth segment that contains a multiciliary receptor cell. The monophyly of the kinorhynchs is clearly demonstrated by the ‘segmented’ musculature and nervous system corresponding to the nine rings of cuticular plates of the trunk. The phylum shares a number of characters with priapulans and loriciferans suggestive of the monophyly of the Scalidophora, including the chitinous cuticle, the large introvert with different types of scalids, the presence of tanycytes, and the two rings of introvert retractor muscles. The sister-group relationship with the loriciferans is supported by a non-inversible mouth cone with cuticular ridges and spines.
Karen Fricker
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780719080067
- eISBN:
- 9781526158314
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7765/9781526115843.00007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter discusses The Dragon’s Trilogy, a large-scale work that jump-started Robert Lepage’s career internationally in the mid-1980s. This production exemplifies a characteristic aspect of ...
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This chapter discusses The Dragon’s Trilogy, a large-scale work that jump-started Robert Lepage’s career internationally in the mid-1980s. This production exemplifies a characteristic aspect of Lepage’s work, and of the globalised arts more broadly: the juxtaposition of culturally specific material with material to which a broad spectrum of audience members can relate reflexively. Reaction to the production was very different depending on the positionality of the spectator. Within Québec the production was read and celebrated as an allegory of Québec’s national self-realisation and opening up to difference, but in international markets and even in the rest of Canada, the extent that it was a self-portrait – and self-critique – of evolving Québécois national identity was hardly legible. Rather, what were praised consistently about the production were the innovative aspects of Lepage’s stagecraft, which gave the impression of moments from the past overlapping with the present and of distant lives connecting. This capacity to deliver feeling-global affects has become one of the keys to Lepage’s international success, but it carries risks of sacrificing specific meanings for universal ones, and of potential misunderstanding when these powerful affects are delivered via culturally specific material.Less
This chapter discusses The Dragon’s Trilogy, a large-scale work that jump-started Robert Lepage’s career internationally in the mid-1980s. This production exemplifies a characteristic aspect of Lepage’s work, and of the globalised arts more broadly: the juxtaposition of culturally specific material with material to which a broad spectrum of audience members can relate reflexively. Reaction to the production was very different depending on the positionality of the spectator. Within Québec the production was read and celebrated as an allegory of Québec’s national self-realisation and opening up to difference, but in international markets and even in the rest of Canada, the extent that it was a self-portrait – and self-critique – of evolving Québécois national identity was hardly legible. Rather, what were praised consistently about the production were the innovative aspects of Lepage’s stagecraft, which gave the impression of moments from the past overlapping with the present and of distant lives connecting. This capacity to deliver feeling-global affects has become one of the keys to Lepage’s international success, but it carries risks of sacrificing specific meanings for universal ones, and of potential misunderstanding when these powerful affects are delivered via culturally specific material.
Karen Fricker
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780719080067
- eISBN:
- 9781526158314
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7765/9781526115843.00011
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Through his productions and his public statements about them, Lepage has long worked to debunk the lone genius model of artmaking. He has nonetheless become known for a distinctive and saleable ...
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Through his productions and his public statements about them, Lepage has long worked to debunk the lone genius model of artmaking. He has nonetheless become known for a distinctive and saleable artistic signature and is the only creative constant in work that, since the mid-1990s, has been produced and distributed via the production company Ex Machina, in association with Robert Lepage Incorporated, a private enterprise; in 2019 the arts centre Le Diamant, a project which Lepage initiated, became part of this small conglomerate of arts organisations with him at their centre. This chapter explores Ex Machina’s attempts in the first decade and a half of its existence (1994–2009) at branding its work in order to assist its circulation in the deterritorialised space of global performance, by associating the company with a set of core values including freedom from classification, collaborativity, and commitment to creativity as process. Engaging with the response of journalistic theatre critics to five of Lepage and Ex Machina’s productions (The Seven Streams of the River Ota, Geometry of Miracles, Lipsynch, Zulu Time,and The Blue Dragon), the chapter argues that Ex Machina’s attempts to turn process into a brand were not successful.Less
Through his productions and his public statements about them, Lepage has long worked to debunk the lone genius model of artmaking. He has nonetheless become known for a distinctive and saleable artistic signature and is the only creative constant in work that, since the mid-1990s, has been produced and distributed via the production company Ex Machina, in association with Robert Lepage Incorporated, a private enterprise; in 2019 the arts centre Le Diamant, a project which Lepage initiated, became part of this small conglomerate of arts organisations with him at their centre. This chapter explores Ex Machina’s attempts in the first decade and a half of its existence (1994–2009) at branding its work in order to assist its circulation in the deterritorialised space of global performance, by associating the company with a set of core values including freedom from classification, collaborativity, and commitment to creativity as process. Engaging with the response of journalistic theatre critics to five of Lepage and Ex Machina’s productions (The Seven Streams of the River Ota, Geometry of Miracles, Lipsynch, Zulu Time,and The Blue Dragon), the chapter argues that Ex Machina’s attempts to turn process into a brand were not successful.
Alain Charlot and Marc Toullec
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780748693542
- eISBN:
- 9781474406451
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748693542.003.0005
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter presents an interview with Michael Mann, in which he talks about his crime thriller Manhunter. Oscillating between fantasy and the whodunit, everything in Manhunter seems out of order, ...
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This chapter presents an interview with Michael Mann, in which he talks about his crime thriller Manhunter. Oscillating between fantasy and the whodunit, everything in Manhunter seems out of order, out of sequence, spaced out, out of time, colorless in the extreme. In this interview, Mann explains the juxtaposition of reality with nightmare in his films; Manhunter protagonist Will Graham, a killer played by William Petersen; why the film's title was changed from Red Dragon to Manhunter; and the differences between novel and film.Less
This chapter presents an interview with Michael Mann, in which he talks about his crime thriller Manhunter. Oscillating between fantasy and the whodunit, everything in Manhunter seems out of order, out of sequence, spaced out, out of time, colorless in the extreme. In this interview, Mann explains the juxtaposition of reality with nightmare in his films; Manhunter protagonist Will Graham, a killer played by William Petersen; why the film's title was changed from Red Dragon to Manhunter; and the differences between novel and film.
