J. G. Fuller
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201786
- eISBN:
- 9780191675010
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201786.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, Military History
The front-line soldiers of the First World War endured appalling conditions in the trenches and suffered unprecedented slaughter in battle. Their morale, as much as the strategy of their commanders, ...
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The front-line soldiers of the First World War endured appalling conditions in the trenches and suffered unprecedented slaughter in battle. Their morale, as much as the strategy of their commanders, played the crucial part in determining the outcome of ‘the war to end all wars’. This book examines the experience of the soldiers of the British and Dominion armies. How did the troops regard their plight? What did they think they were fighting for? The book draws on a variety of contemporary sources, including over a hundred magazines produced by the soldiers themselves. It looks at the trench journalism which played an important role in the lives of the ordinary soldiers. Other themes explored include the nature of patriotism, discipline, living conditions, and leisure activities such as sport, concert parties, and the music hall. The book's vivid study throws new light on the question of warfare, and in particular on how the British and Dominion armies differed from those of their allies and opponents, which were wracked by mutiny or defeat as the war went on.Less
The front-line soldiers of the First World War endured appalling conditions in the trenches and suffered unprecedented slaughter in battle. Their morale, as much as the strategy of their commanders, played the crucial part in determining the outcome of ‘the war to end all wars’. This book examines the experience of the soldiers of the British and Dominion armies. How did the troops regard their plight? What did they think they were fighting for? The book draws on a variety of contemporary sources, including over a hundred magazines produced by the soldiers themselves. It looks at the trench journalism which played an important role in the lives of the ordinary soldiers. Other themes explored include the nature of patriotism, discipline, living conditions, and leisure activities such as sport, concert parties, and the music hall. The book's vivid study throws new light on the question of warfare, and in particular on how the British and Dominion armies differed from those of their allies and opponents, which were wracked by mutiny or defeat as the war went on.
John Braithwaite and Philip Pettit
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198240563
- eISBN:
- 9780191680205
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198240563.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This book offers a new approach to sentencing and punishment. It inaugurates a radical shift in the research agenda of criminology. The authors attack currently fashionable retributivist theories of ...
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This book offers a new approach to sentencing and punishment. It inaugurates a radical shift in the research agenda of criminology. The authors attack currently fashionable retributivist theories of punishment, arguing that the criminal justice system is so integrated that sentencing policy has to be considered in the system-wide context. They offer a comprehensive theory of criminal justice that draws on a philosophical view of the good and the right, and that points the way to practical intervention in the real world of incremental reform. The authors put the case for a criminal justice system that maximizes freedom in the old republican sense of the term, and that they call ‘dominion’.Less
This book offers a new approach to sentencing and punishment. It inaugurates a radical shift in the research agenda of criminology. The authors attack currently fashionable retributivist theories of punishment, arguing that the criminal justice system is so integrated that sentencing policy has to be considered in the system-wide context. They offer a comprehensive theory of criminal justice that draws on a philosophical view of the good and the right, and that points the way to practical intervention in the real world of incremental reform. The authors put the case for a criminal justice system that maximizes freedom in the old republican sense of the term, and that they call ‘dominion’.
R. A. W. Rhodes, John Wanna, and Patrick Weller
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199563494
- eISBN:
- 9780191722721
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563494.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, UK Politics
This book explores how governmental elites understand the Westminster systems of Australia, Britain, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa. It seeks to understand how and why countries that began ...
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This book explores how governmental elites understand the Westminster systems of Australia, Britain, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa. It seeks to understand how and why countries that began with some shared meanings subsequently developed different beliefs and practices. It shows how transplanted constitutional and governmental ideas interacted with local political traditions and local elites to provide the present-day forms of government. This chapter does basic groundwork. It reviews the various definitions of Westminster in the political science literature. It sets out our definition with its focus on four interrelated features of Westminster systems as the starting point: centralization in collective, responsible cabinet government; ministerial and collective responsibility; the role of a professional, non-partisan public service; and parliament's relationship to the executive. The chapter adopts a ‘most similar’ research design and defend this approach by outlining the origins of the five ‘great self-governing dominions’. Finally, the chapter provides a summary of the rest of the book.Less
This book explores how governmental elites understand the Westminster systems of Australia, Britain, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa. It seeks to understand how and why countries that began with some shared meanings subsequently developed different beliefs and practices. It shows how transplanted constitutional and governmental ideas interacted with local political traditions and local elites to provide the present-day forms of government. This chapter does basic groundwork. It reviews the various definitions of Westminster in the political science literature. It sets out our definition with its focus on four interrelated features of Westminster systems as the starting point: centralization in collective, responsible cabinet government; ministerial and collective responsibility; the role of a professional, non-partisan public service; and parliament's relationship to the executive. The chapter adopts a ‘most similar’ research design and defend this approach by outlining the origins of the five ‘great self-governing dominions’. Finally, the chapter provides a summary of the rest of the book.
Patrick H. Hase
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622098992
- eISBN:
- 9789882207592
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622098992.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This book is a study of a small war fought over six days in the New Territories of Hong Kong, between 14 and 19 April 1899. This war was the only military campaign fought within the Hong Kong area ...
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This book is a study of a small war fought over six days in the New Territories of Hong Kong, between 14 and 19 April 1899. This war was the only military campaign fought within the Hong Kong area during the period of British administration, other than the fighting against the Japanese during the last World War. It was an Imperial war, fought to secure an expansion of the British Empire, taking place during the period when Imperialism as a belief-system was at its peak in Britain and the British Overseas Dominions, and this makes it an interesting area of study. The campaign was ill-managed by the Hong Kong military authorities. Provision of supplies to the British troops was extremely poor. The leaders of the insurgency were taken from the traditional village leadership, and comprised almost exclusively gentry figures of great wealth and status, men older than the average from their villages.Less
This book is a study of a small war fought over six days in the New Territories of Hong Kong, between 14 and 19 April 1899. This war was the only military campaign fought within the Hong Kong area during the period of British administration, other than the fighting against the Japanese during the last World War. It was an Imperial war, fought to secure an expansion of the British Empire, taking place during the period when Imperialism as a belief-system was at its peak in Britain and the British Overseas Dominions, and this makes it an interesting area of study. The campaign was ill-managed by the Hong Kong military authorities. Provision of supplies to the British troops was extremely poor. The leaders of the insurgency were taken from the traditional village leadership, and comprised almost exclusively gentry figures of great wealth and status, men older than the average from their villages.
William P. Brown
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199730797
- eISBN:
- 9780199777075
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199730797.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies, Theology
This chapter examines Genesis 1:1-2:4a, known as the Priestly account of creation. This “report” describes creation as a divinely guided process that begins with benign chaos and concludes with a ...
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This chapter examines Genesis 1:1-2:4a, known as the Priestly account of creation. This “report” describes creation as a divinely guided process that begins with benign chaos and concludes with a fully differentiated cosmos. God enlists the elements of creation (water and earth) to bring forth a life-sustaining order. The structure of the Priestly account renders a picture of sacred space that mirrors the architecture of the temple. Connections are explored between the Genesis narrative and the modern cosmological perspective, which posits a “Big Bang” and accounts for the evolution of cosmic structure. The “image of God” language in Genesis, moreover, finds resonance with the unique neurological and cultural facilities of Homo sapiens. Disparities between the scientific account and the seven-day account of creation underscore the theological significance of Sabbath. In light of these findings, the problematic language of “dominion” in Genesis is understood in new ways.Less
This chapter examines Genesis 1:1-2:4a, known as the Priestly account of creation. This “report” describes creation as a divinely guided process that begins with benign chaos and concludes with a fully differentiated cosmos. God enlists the elements of creation (water and earth) to bring forth a life-sustaining order. The structure of the Priestly account renders a picture of sacred space that mirrors the architecture of the temple. Connections are explored between the Genesis narrative and the modern cosmological perspective, which posits a “Big Bang” and accounts for the evolution of cosmic structure. The “image of God” language in Genesis, moreover, finds resonance with the unique neurological and cultural facilities of Homo sapiens. Disparities between the scientific account and the seven-day account of creation underscore the theological significance of Sabbath. In light of these findings, the problematic language of “dominion” in Genesis is understood in new ways.
Neville Wylie
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199547593
- eISBN:
- 9780191720581
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547593.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This introductory chapter surveys the current literature on British prisoners of war in Germany during the Second World War and the state of the archival sources. It also highlights some of the core ...
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This introductory chapter surveys the current literature on British prisoners of war in Germany during the Second World War and the state of the archival sources. It also highlights some of the core themes that will be developed in subsequent chapters: the domestic political context within which POW policy was made in London, notably the existence of an attentive lobby group in the form of the prisoners' next‐of‐kin, the Dominion governments' influence over UK policy‐making, the way in which POW issues fed into Britain's broader political relationship with the German government, and finally the particularities of inter‐belligerent ‘POW diplomacy’ and the key role played by neutral intermediaries.Less
This introductory chapter surveys the current literature on British prisoners of war in Germany during the Second World War and the state of the archival sources. It also highlights some of the core themes that will be developed in subsequent chapters: the domestic political context within which POW policy was made in London, notably the existence of an attentive lobby group in the form of the prisoners' next‐of‐kin, the Dominion governments' influence over UK policy‐making, the way in which POW issues fed into Britain's broader political relationship with the German government, and finally the particularities of inter‐belligerent ‘POW diplomacy’ and the key role played by neutral intermediaries.
Neville Wylie
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199547593
- eISBN:
- 9780191720581
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547593.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter takes a broad view of British POW policy‐making over the war by highlighting the part played by the Dominion governments. It shows how the Dominions came, over time, to acknowledge their ...
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This chapter takes a broad view of British POW policy‐making over the war by highlighting the part played by the Dominion governments. It shows how the Dominions came, over time, to acknowledge their individual responsibility for their nationals in enemy captivity, and how this reflected their growing maturity as independent members of the international community. Waxing concern in the Dominions over the fate of their prisoners led to demand for an increased say in Whitehall policy‐making. Particular emphasis is given to the role of the Canadian government, and the Canadian high commissioner in London, Sir Vincent Massey, in challenging British policy during the shackling crisis, and elevating humanitarianism to the centre of Canadian diplomacy over the middle years of the war.Less
This chapter takes a broad view of British POW policy‐making over the war by highlighting the part played by the Dominion governments. It shows how the Dominions came, over time, to acknowledge their individual responsibility for their nationals in enemy captivity, and how this reflected their growing maturity as independent members of the international community. Waxing concern in the Dominions over the fate of their prisoners led to demand for an increased say in Whitehall policy‐making. Particular emphasis is given to the role of the Canadian government, and the Canadian high commissioner in London, Sir Vincent Massey, in challenging British policy during the shackling crisis, and elevating humanitarianism to the centre of Canadian diplomacy over the middle years of the war.
Carl Bridge and Bart Zielinski
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197266618
- eISBN:
- 9780191896064
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266618.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
In 1919 and 1945, an English-speaking alliance had a seeming solidity born of victory. In the inter-war period, a British-led Anglosphere continued and even increased trading connections in times of ...
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In 1919 and 1945, an English-speaking alliance had a seeming solidity born of victory. In the inter-war period, a British-led Anglosphere continued and even increased trading connections in times of crisis and remained a defence unit, while the Americans went into isolation, which was broken up by another war. After 1945, American hegemony of the Anglosphere, and the rest of the Western world, was a given and trumped the British Empire. This led to NATO, as the British imperial element of this ‘Anglo’ order was undergoing change. Australia and New Zealand could not join NATO, while Canada did, and formed ANZUS with the United States and without Britain. Trade divergence ensued, as Britain joined the EEC and the former Dominions went separate ways embedded in their regions. In the post-Cold War era, the Anglosphere remains one of the cornerstones of a global security structure, whereas, ominous for Brexit, in the important area of world trade, the Anglosphere has no relevance.Less
In 1919 and 1945, an English-speaking alliance had a seeming solidity born of victory. In the inter-war period, a British-led Anglosphere continued and even increased trading connections in times of crisis and remained a defence unit, while the Americans went into isolation, which was broken up by another war. After 1945, American hegemony of the Anglosphere, and the rest of the Western world, was a given and trumped the British Empire. This led to NATO, as the British imperial element of this ‘Anglo’ order was undergoing change. Australia and New Zealand could not join NATO, while Canada did, and formed ANZUS with the United States and without Britain. Trade divergence ensued, as Britain joined the EEC and the former Dominions went separate ways embedded in their regions. In the post-Cold War era, the Anglosphere remains one of the cornerstones of a global security structure, whereas, ominous for Brexit, in the important area of world trade, the Anglosphere has no relevance.
JOHN DARWIN
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205647
- eISBN:
- 9780191676727
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205647.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter focuses on the critical question of Dominion loyalty and the place of the Dominions within the British Imperial system. In the 20th century, the cohesion of the British Imperial system ...
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This chapter focuses on the critical question of Dominion loyalty and the place of the Dominions within the British Imperial system. In the 20th century, the cohesion of the British Imperial system in a highly unstable environment was the central problem of Imperial politics. To survive at all as a political unit, the Imperial system had two fundamental requirements: an effective means of Imperial defence and the co-operation of political allies in all its assorted colonial and semi-colonial hinterlands. The ‘Dominion Idea’ is an important part in the construction of a Third British Empire in the 20th century. In this century, British world power came to depend more and more upon partnership with the White Dominions. The worst nightmare for loyal exponents of the Dominion Idea was British involvement in a war whose purpose was unintelligible to Dominion (or Indian) opinion.Less
This chapter focuses on the critical question of Dominion loyalty and the place of the Dominions within the British Imperial system. In the 20th century, the cohesion of the British Imperial system in a highly unstable environment was the central problem of Imperial politics. To survive at all as a political unit, the Imperial system had two fundamental requirements: an effective means of Imperial defence and the co-operation of political allies in all its assorted colonial and semi-colonial hinterlands. The ‘Dominion Idea’ is an important part in the construction of a Third British Empire in the 20th century. In this century, British world power came to depend more and more upon partnership with the White Dominions. The worst nightmare for loyal exponents of the Dominion Idea was British involvement in a war whose purpose was unintelligible to Dominion (or Indian) opinion.
Simon J. Potter
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199265121
- eISBN:
- 9780191718427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199265121.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter aims to apply the revisionist approach to the study of the history of the press as an imperial institution. It examines how certain forces acted to undermine voluntary cooperation during ...
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This chapter aims to apply the revisionist approach to the study of the history of the press as an imperial institution. It examines how certain forces acted to undermine voluntary cooperation during the Second World War and the subsequent fragmentation of the British world. It adds that the examination of the imperial press system also fills the gap in the history of the British media. It shows that the relationship between commercial interest and identity was much more complex than has previously been acknowledged. It discusses that as with the press, the maintenance of the Anglo-Dominion relationship involved a process of bargaining and negotiation between various groups, offering possibilities for but also establishing the limits of closer imperial integration. It explains that an imperial perspective reveals a complexity that has previously been obscured by attempts to create disaggregated national narratives.Less
This chapter aims to apply the revisionist approach to the study of the history of the press as an imperial institution. It examines how certain forces acted to undermine voluntary cooperation during the Second World War and the subsequent fragmentation of the British world. It adds that the examination of the imperial press system also fills the gap in the history of the British media. It shows that the relationship between commercial interest and identity was much more complex than has previously been acknowledged. It discusses that as with the press, the maintenance of the Anglo-Dominion relationship involved a process of bargaining and negotiation between various groups, offering possibilities for but also establishing the limits of closer imperial integration. It explains that an imperial perspective reveals a complexity that has previously been obscured by attempts to create disaggregated national narratives.
Thomas H. Stanton
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199915996
- eISBN:
- 9780199950324
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199915996.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
Chapter 3 looks at four firms that successfully withstood the crisis: JPMorgan Chase, Goldman Sachs, Wells Fargo, and Toronto Dominion Bank (TD Bank), including their preparation, responses to the ...
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Chapter 3 looks at four firms that successfully withstood the crisis: JPMorgan Chase, Goldman Sachs, Wells Fargo, and Toronto Dominion Bank (TD Bank), including their preparation, responses to the crisis, and effects of the crisis on them. These firms dealt in different ways with the period before the crisis and the crisis itself. They possessed discipline and long-term perspective, robust communications and information systems, capacity to respond effectively to early warning signs, and a process of constructive dialogue between business units and risk managers; each of the successful firms applied these according to its distinctive culture. Unsuccessful firms lacked many or all of these attributes. Unsuccessful firms included those that received massive government infusions of support (Citigroup, Bank of America, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, UBS, and AIG), were merged on disadvantageous terms (Bear, Countrywide), or simply went out of business (WaMu, Lehman, IndyMac).Less
Chapter 3 looks at four firms that successfully withstood the crisis: JPMorgan Chase, Goldman Sachs, Wells Fargo, and Toronto Dominion Bank (TD Bank), including their preparation, responses to the crisis, and effects of the crisis on them. These firms dealt in different ways with the period before the crisis and the crisis itself. They possessed discipline and long-term perspective, robust communications and information systems, capacity to respond effectively to early warning signs, and a process of constructive dialogue between business units and risk managers; each of the successful firms applied these according to its distinctive culture. Unsuccessful firms lacked many or all of these attributes. Unsuccessful firms included those that received massive government infusions of support (Citigroup, Bank of America, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, UBS, and AIG), were merged on disadvantageous terms (Bear, Countrywide), or simply went out of business (WaMu, Lehman, IndyMac).
P. J. Cain
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198203902
- eISBN:
- 9780191719141
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203902.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter focuses on Part II of Imperialism: A Study, the part least often read in modern times. Part II was twice as long as Part I and contained some of Hobson's finest writing. In it were ...
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This chapter focuses on Part II of Imperialism: A Study, the part least often read in modern times. Part II was twice as long as Part I and contained some of Hobson's finest writing. In it were discussed a range of issues that he undoubtedly believed were of equal importance to the more nakedly economic arguments at the beginning of the book. In Part II, Hobson first investigated the political, social, and ideological forces making for expansion in Britain and then went on to discuss the impact of imperialism upon Africa, India, and China and upon the settlement colonies, the emerging Dominions. The chapter ends with a short survey of the reception of Imperialism: A Study. It shows that Imperialism: A Study was not received with acclaim even among those opposed to British policy in South Africa.Less
This chapter focuses on Part II of Imperialism: A Study, the part least often read in modern times. Part II was twice as long as Part I and contained some of Hobson's finest writing. In it were discussed a range of issues that he undoubtedly believed were of equal importance to the more nakedly economic arguments at the beginning of the book. In Part II, Hobson first investigated the political, social, and ideological forces making for expansion in Britain and then went on to discuss the impact of imperialism upon Africa, India, and China and upon the settlement colonies, the emerging Dominions. The chapter ends with a short survey of the reception of Imperialism: A Study. It shows that Imperialism: A Study was not received with acclaim even among those opposed to British policy in South Africa.
Paul Waldau
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195145717
- eISBN:
- 9780199834792
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195145712.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
A general assessment of early Christian views, concentrating on the notions of dominion, stewardship, sacrifice, and the Greek‐inspired narrowing of rich and sometimes contradictory values regarding ...
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A general assessment of early Christian views, concentrating on the notions of dominion, stewardship, sacrifice, and the Greek‐inspired narrowing of rich and sometimes contradictory values regarding nonhuman animals that were part of the Hebrew view of the surrounding world inherited by the early Christians. Generally, the early tradition established a view regarding humans and other animals that still operates for many Christians today. This claim is that each and every member of the human species, by virtue of species membership alone, has a special, qualitatively superior ontological status relative to other animals. The tradition claims that it is eminently moral that the interests of any human animal prevail in virtually any nontrivial circumstance over the interests of any other animal. The notion of “speciesism” illuminates features of how mainstream Christianity has come to understand the place of other animals even though there are individuals and subtraditions exhibiting values that clearly do not fit the description “speciesist.”Less
A general assessment of early Christian views, concentrating on the notions of dominion, stewardship, sacrifice, and the Greek‐inspired narrowing of rich and sometimes contradictory values regarding nonhuman animals that were part of the Hebrew view of the surrounding world inherited by the early Christians. Generally, the early tradition established a view regarding humans and other animals that still operates for many Christians today. This claim is that each and every member of the human species, by virtue of species membership alone, has a special, qualitatively superior ontological status relative to other animals. The tradition claims that it is eminently moral that the interests of any human animal prevail in virtually any nontrivial circumstance over the interests of any other animal. The notion of “speciesism” illuminates features of how mainstream Christianity has come to understand the place of other animals even though there are individuals and subtraditions exhibiting values that clearly do not fit the description “speciesist.”
C.A. Bayly
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198077466
- eISBN:
- 9780199081110
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077466.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Economic History
This volume on the social and economic history of colonial India traces the evolution of towns and merchant communities in north India from the decline of Mughal dominion to the consolidation of ...
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This volume on the social and economic history of colonial India traces the evolution of towns and merchant communities in north India from the decline of Mughal dominion to the consolidation of British Empire following the 1857 mutiny. It provides detailed studies of towns, bazaars, merchants and service people against the background of crucial developments in the political economy of pre-colonial and early colonial north India. It explores the patterns of social and political relations which derive from economic activity and not with economic development or with volumes of trade and production as such. It also analyses the social organisation, ideology and politics of the Indian middle classes of the later nineteenth century by tracing some of their indigenous origins in the society of the eighteenth-century successor states to the Mughal dominion and also in the conflicts and accommodations of early colonial rule. The book analyses the response of the inhabitants of the Ganga Valley to the upheavals in the eighteenth century that paved the way for the incoming British. It shows how the colonial enterprise was built on an existing resilient network of towns, rural bazaars, and merchant communities; and how in turn, colonial trade and administration were moulded by indigenous forms of commerce and politics.Less
This volume on the social and economic history of colonial India traces the evolution of towns and merchant communities in north India from the decline of Mughal dominion to the consolidation of British Empire following the 1857 mutiny. It provides detailed studies of towns, bazaars, merchants and service people against the background of crucial developments in the political economy of pre-colonial and early colonial north India. It explores the patterns of social and political relations which derive from economic activity and not with economic development or with volumes of trade and production as such. It also analyses the social organisation, ideology and politics of the Indian middle classes of the later nineteenth century by tracing some of their indigenous origins in the society of the eighteenth-century successor states to the Mughal dominion and also in the conflicts and accommodations of early colonial rule. The book analyses the response of the inhabitants of the Ganga Valley to the upheavals in the eighteenth century that paved the way for the incoming British. It shows how the colonial enterprise was built on an existing resilient network of towns, rural bazaars, and merchant communities; and how in turn, colonial trade and administration were moulded by indigenous forms of commerce and politics.
Simon J. Potter
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199265121
- eISBN:
- 9780191718427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199265121.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter investigates the imperial integration and traces its emergence during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It focuses on Britain and the settler colonies — known to contemporaries as ...
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This chapter investigates the imperial integration and traces its emergence during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It focuses on Britain and the settler colonies — known to contemporaries as Dominions — of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. It shows that the distinct privileged position occupied by the Dominions in the imperial hierarchy, as component parts of what some contemporaries saw as a ‘Great Britain’. ‘Old Commonwealth’, or ‘British world’, united by a common sense of Britishness. It highlights connections between the English-language press in Britain and the colonies of settlement, but does not deny that French Canadian or Afrikaner newspapers, or papers in India and the so-called Crown colonies had an important role to play in the life of the British Empire. It aims to give a fuller and more revealing perspective on the history of the press in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and Britain.Less
This chapter investigates the imperial integration and traces its emergence during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It focuses on Britain and the settler colonies — known to contemporaries as Dominions — of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. It shows that the distinct privileged position occupied by the Dominions in the imperial hierarchy, as component parts of what some contemporaries saw as a ‘Great Britain’. ‘Old Commonwealth’, or ‘British world’, united by a common sense of Britishness. It highlights connections between the English-language press in Britain and the colonies of settlement, but does not deny that French Canadian or Afrikaner newspapers, or papers in India and the so-called Crown colonies had an important role to play in the life of the British Empire. It aims to give a fuller and more revealing perspective on the history of the press in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and Britain.
Simon J. Potter
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199265121
- eISBN:
- 9780191718427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199265121.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter begins by discussing that in historical writing about the British press, newspapers are seen as having contributed to a national tradition. It then argues that the press acted as a key ...
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This chapter begins by discussing that in historical writing about the British press, newspapers are seen as having contributed to a national tradition. It then argues that the press acted as a key agent in the process of national integration. It adds that the imperial press system influenced the development of newspapers in Britain as much as in the Dominions. It also discusses that journalism was traditionally a profession that encouraged social and geographical mobility, providing a lifestyle well suited to colonial adventurers. It clarifies that movement around the empire did not take place solely as a result of itchy feet. It explains that temporary and permanent mobility was institutionalised, encouraged by those who controlled the empire's large press enterprises. It also discusses how the distribution of news around the world developed.Less
This chapter begins by discussing that in historical writing about the British press, newspapers are seen as having contributed to a national tradition. It then argues that the press acted as a key agent in the process of national integration. It adds that the imperial press system influenced the development of newspapers in Britain as much as in the Dominions. It also discusses that journalism was traditionally a profession that encouraged social and geographical mobility, providing a lifestyle well suited to colonial adventurers. It clarifies that movement around the empire did not take place solely as a result of itchy feet. It explains that temporary and permanent mobility was institutionalised, encouraged by those who controlled the empire's large press enterprises. It also discusses how the distribution of news around the world developed.
Simon J. Potter
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199265121
- eISBN:
- 9780191718427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199265121.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter begins by defining constructive imperialism as a response to Britain's late 19th-century ‘relative decline’, as the country fell behind foreign industrial rivals such as Germany and the ...
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This chapter begins by defining constructive imperialism as a response to Britain's late 19th-century ‘relative decline’, as the country fell behind foreign industrial rivals such as Germany and the USA. It discusses that during the latter part of the 19th century, the imperial federation movement was formed by pressing for closer union with the Dominions, in order for Britain to compete with its foreign rivals. It adds that even if this movement failed, the union between Britain and the Dominions remained. It argues that the fourth estate theory had never provided a very accurate description of the political role of the press. It explains that many readers of the newspapers wanted to read what the well-respected commentators had to say on the political issues of the day. It discusses that broader commercialisation of the press lead to an increase of mass-circulation of newspapers.Less
This chapter begins by defining constructive imperialism as a response to Britain's late 19th-century ‘relative decline’, as the country fell behind foreign industrial rivals such as Germany and the USA. It discusses that during the latter part of the 19th century, the imperial federation movement was formed by pressing for closer union with the Dominions, in order for Britain to compete with its foreign rivals. It adds that even if this movement failed, the union between Britain and the Dominions remained. It argues that the fourth estate theory had never provided a very accurate description of the political role of the press. It explains that many readers of the newspapers wanted to read what the well-respected commentators had to say on the political issues of the day. It discusses that broader commercialisation of the press lead to an increase of mass-circulation of newspapers.
Simon J. Potter
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199265121
- eISBN:
- 9780191718427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199265121.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter investigates the consequences of the First Imperial Conference commenced in London on June 5, 1909. It discusses that most contemporaries concluded that the Conference had encouraged ...
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This chapter investigates the consequences of the First Imperial Conference commenced in London on June 5, 1909. It discusses that most contemporaries concluded that the Conference had encouraged closer relations between newspapermen in Britain and the Dominions. It adds that most of the people who attended the Conference argue that it formed friendships that united the empire and facilitated the exchange of information. It explains origins, planning, plotting, and scheming of the Conference.Less
This chapter investigates the consequences of the First Imperial Conference commenced in London on June 5, 1909. It discusses that most contemporaries concluded that the Conference had encouraged closer relations between newspapermen in Britain and the Dominions. It adds that most of the people who attended the Conference argue that it formed friendships that united the empire and facilitated the exchange of information. It explains origins, planning, plotting, and scheming of the Conference.
Sean M. McDonough
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199576470
- eISBN:
- 9780191722585
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199576470.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
While the memories of Jesus' re-creative work could provide a powerful impetus towards speculation about his role in primal creation, a theological framework was needed if these primal insights were ...
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While the memories of Jesus' re-creative work could provide a powerful impetus towards speculation about his role in primal creation, a theological framework was needed if these primal insights were to reach concrete expression in phrases like ‘in him all things were created’, and if they were to be defended in debate with Jewish and pagan interlocutors. Most commentators assert that Wisdom provides this framework. But a careful reading of the Hebrew Bible and early Jewish texts shows that God's act of creation could be depicted in a number of ways: the world could be seen as the product of God's Word, God's Spirit, God's image, or God's glory, not only of God's Wisdom. A close reflection on the relevant New Testament texts shows that messianic dominion provides a more suitable point of departure. Creation is the beginning of messianic dominion; the Messiah rules the world he made.Less
While the memories of Jesus' re-creative work could provide a powerful impetus towards speculation about his role in primal creation, a theological framework was needed if these primal insights were to reach concrete expression in phrases like ‘in him all things were created’, and if they were to be defended in debate with Jewish and pagan interlocutors. Most commentators assert that Wisdom provides this framework. But a careful reading of the Hebrew Bible and early Jewish texts shows that God's act of creation could be depicted in a number of ways: the world could be seen as the product of God's Word, God's Spirit, God's image, or God's glory, not only of God's Wisdom. A close reflection on the relevant New Testament texts shows that messianic dominion provides a more suitable point of departure. Creation is the beginning of messianic dominion; the Messiah rules the world he made.
Sean M. McDonough
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199576470
- eISBN:
- 9780191722585
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199576470.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
The hymn in Col. 1: 15–20 is often cited as a clear instance of wisdom Christology. While there are indeed possible allusions to Wisdom motifs in these verses, the strains of messianic dominion are ...
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The hymn in Col. 1: 15–20 is often cited as a clear instance of wisdom Christology. While there are indeed possible allusions to Wisdom motifs in these verses, the strains of messianic dominion are more dominant. Elements from the original creation mandate appear early on in the epistle (‘bearing fruit and increasing’, 1: 6, 10) and continue to its end (e.g. ‘according to the image of the one who created it’, 3: 10; the ‘fullness’ motif in 2: 2, 9, 10; 4: 17; cf. Gen. 1: 28). The hymn itself is introduced with kingdom language (1: 13). Christ is praised not for the wisdom evident in creation, but for his dominion over the powers and authorities (1: 16, cf. 2: 10, 15). The description of Christ as ‘firstborn’ (1: 15, 18) fits best in this context as a fairly direct allusion to the Davidic heir of Ps. 89: 27, rather than a more subtle reference to Wisdom in Prov. 8: 22–4.Less
The hymn in Col. 1: 15–20 is often cited as a clear instance of wisdom Christology. While there are indeed possible allusions to Wisdom motifs in these verses, the strains of messianic dominion are more dominant. Elements from the original creation mandate appear early on in the epistle (‘bearing fruit and increasing’, 1: 6, 10) and continue to its end (e.g. ‘according to the image of the one who created it’, 3: 10; the ‘fullness’ motif in 2: 2, 9, 10; 4: 17; cf. Gen. 1: 28). The hymn itself is introduced with kingdom language (1: 13). Christ is praised not for the wisdom evident in creation, but for his dominion over the powers and authorities (1: 16, cf. 2: 10, 15). The description of Christ as ‘firstborn’ (1: 15, 18) fits best in this context as a fairly direct allusion to the Davidic heir of Ps. 89: 27, rather than a more subtle reference to Wisdom in Prov. 8: 22–4.
