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Labor Instability and Community Mental Health: The Work of Pharmaceuticals in Santiago, Chile

Clara Han

in When People Come First: Critical Studies in Global Health

This chapter explores how the local destiny of Chile's national program for depression was forged through pharmaceuticals. How and when women use antidepressants reflect both their practical ... More

This chapter explores how the local destiny of Chile's national program for depression was forged through pharmaceuticals. How and when women use antidepressants reflect both their practical knowledge of everyday afflictions and the shifting affective configurations of their domestic lives. In La Pincoya, psychopharmaceuticals distributed by the local primary care center in the framework of community mental health are absorbed into domestic relations. As material substrates, they can manifest care among neighbors and kin when shared in a variety of ways. They have entered a local formulary of medications informed by practical knowledges of the bodily symptoms and afflictions that are often reactions to labor instability, kinship relations, and economic indebtedness. The chapter examines how these knowledges work in relation to “health,” experienced locally, and how these knowledges—in tandem with institutional failures—can obscure rare disease processes.Less

Allotment Subjectivities and the Administration of “Culture”: Ella Deloria, Pine Ridge, and the Indian Reorganization Act

Mark Rifkin

in When Did Indians Become Straight?: Kinship, the History of Sexuality, and Native Sovereignty

Chapter 4 argues that the continuing legacy of allotment shapes the conditions of native political representation under the Indian Reorganization Act (1934), which ostensibly sought to replace the ... More

Chapter 4 argues that the continuing legacy of allotment shapes the conditions of native political representation under the Indian Reorganization Act (1934), which ostensibly sought to replace the allotment program with a sustained commitment to promoting native “community.” The kinds of native collectivity produced by reorganization implicitly depend on the heteronormative dynamics of allotment—particularly the self-evidence of the nuclear-family form and of a stable distinction between public and private spheres. Looking at significant policy statements about the Indian Reorganization Act before and after its passage, the chapter illustrates how the conjugally centered privatization performed by allotment helps structure and provide an ordering limit for what can count as legitimate native governance, using the Pine Ridge reservation as an example. Counterposing the notion of “domestic relations” institutionalized under reorganization to Ella Deloria’s representation of “kinship” in Speaking of Indians (1944) and Waterlily (completed in the late 1940s, published in 1988), it shows how she locates forms of identification and interdependence that cannot be registered in an allotment imaginary and, therefore, exposes the series of assumptions about home and family that continue to undergird U.S. Indian policy in the 1930s and 1940s.Less

How to Give the Present a Past? Family Law in the United States 1950–2000

Michael Grossberg

in Cross Currents: Family Law and Policy in the US and England

This chapter places the last fifty years of United States family law in historical context in order to help introduce a series of substantive analyses of particular aspects of contemporary ... More

This chapter places the last fifty years of United States family law in historical context in order to help introduce a series of substantive analyses of particular aspects of contemporary Anglo-American domestic relations law. It argues that a series of fundamental changes in the United States family law during the early years of the era transformed American domestic relations by ending a nineteenth-century regime of family governance. The changes are worth recovering and analysing because they have framed subsequent legal practice and disputes. At the same time, however, the nature of the new domestic relations regime was determined not simply by change, but also by continuities in family law and by reactions to the transformations. This chapter thus documents a range of family law changes ranging from maternal preference to bans on interracial marriage, fault-based divorce laws against abortion and birth control, refusals to accept charges of marital rape, circumscribed juvenile rights, and even basic legal definitions of families.Less

A Forum for Every Fuss: The Growth of Court Services and ADR Treatments for Family Law Cases in the United States

Jessica Pearson

in Cross Currents: Family Law and Policy in the US and England

Court cases involving domestic relations are the largest and fastest growing of state court civil caseloads, comprising an estimated 25–50 per cent of all civil actions. Domestic relations cases are ... More

Court cases involving domestic relations are the largest and fastest growing of state court civil caseloads, comprising an estimated 25–50 per cent of all civil actions. Domestic relations cases are defined as those involving divorce, child support, custody, domestic violence, paternity, adoption, visitation, and interstate child custody. To deal with overburdened dockets, protect children from the harmful effects of adversarial proceedings, and accommodate the rising tide of allegations of dysfunction and the declining use of lawyers in family law cases, courts turned to alternative dispute resolution generally and mediation in particular. This chapter describes how courts in the United States have responded to the surge in domestic relations filings in families increasingly characterised by poverty and its attendant risks and dysfunctions. It examines the legal, political, and representation factors that affect how courts have responded to the deluge of domestic relations cases, including the trend toward joint custody and access, the aggressive enforcement of child support, and the trend toward self-representation.Less

Politics of Practice: An African American Woman Judge on the Domestic Relations Court

Jacqueline A. McLeod

in Daughter of the Empire State: The Life of Judge Jane Bolin

This chapter looks at how Jane Bolin's trajectory in the legal profession suddenly diverged when New York City Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia appointed her to the Domestic Relations Court, making her ... More

This chapter looks at how Jane Bolin's trajectory in the legal profession suddenly diverged when New York City Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia appointed her to the Domestic Relations Court, making her the nation's first African American woman judge. Even though Bolin was uniquely positioned for this appointment, some dismissed her designation as one of La Guardia's political overtures to the city's black residents at a time when many charged his administration with neglect. However, despite several critics, the fact that Bolin was reappointed to three consecutive 10-year terms by mayors William O'Dwyer, John Lindsay, and Robert Wagner speaks to the quality of her judicial performance.Less

“Good Mothers”: GI Brides after World War II

Susan Zeiger

in Entangling Alliances: Foreign War Brides and American Soldiers in the Twentieth Century

This chapter concerns the shifting attitudes of Americans toward GI brides after World War II. The period following the war was the heyday of the war bride in the twentieth century; the white Allied ... More

This chapter concerns the shifting attitudes of Americans toward GI brides after World War II. The period following the war was the heyday of the war bride in the twentieth century; the white Allied war brides whom GIs brought to the United States after the conflict were celebrated—a striking contrast with their reception after the World War I. Their arrival heralded an optimistic view of the United States' place in international relations. These foreign brides symbolized and personalized what had happened to a generation of young Americans who had fought a long war around the globe. And as families, employers, and policymakers pondered the problems of veterans' “readjustment” to civilian life in the postwar moment, the war brides became a model solution: as ideal wives for homecoming soldiers, who could be a bridge between the spheres of war and home, both foreign and familiar at the same time.Less

Clashing at Home

Minjeong Kim

in Elusive Belonging: Marriage Immigrants and "Multiculturalism" in Rural South Korea

To provide a more nuanced understanding of multicultural family relations, Chapter 4 delves into the context surrounding domestic tension and conflicts, especially those related to economic issues. I ... More

To provide a more nuanced understanding of multicultural family relations, Chapter 4 delves into the context surrounding domestic tension and conflicts, especially those related to economic issues. I find that economic anxieties saturate multicultural families in the fissure between the projected image of an economically developed Korea and the lived reality of rural Korean families who receive marriage migrants. The chapter discusses how the so-called “Fairy and the Woodcutter Syndrome”—Korean husbands’ (and family members’) fear that marriage migrants will leave them—combined with economic anxiety, lead them to confine Filipinas physically and financially. The chapter also examines Koreans’ economic culture of frugality (kŭngŏm chŏlyak), which contributes to making homes oppressive for marriage migrants. Finally, it shows how economic anxiety pushes Filipinas out of their homes to exercise their economic agency and facilitate economic integration.Less

The Limits of Community and the Role of Autonomy

in Family, Law, and Community: Supporting the Covenant

This chapter examines the mechanisms by which the community aids families that are given the status of “domestic relations,” beginning with the description of the ways community aids marriage and ... More

This chapter examines the mechanisms by which the community aids families that are given the status of “domestic relations,” beginning with the description of the ways community aids marriage and parenting. Relationships invite community recognition, or what is referred to as covenant, when they possess characteristics of permanence and unconditional love. Once the community trusts that partners or parents are capable of thinking unselfishly and over the long run, it lends vital support to the marriage or parenting relationship. However, this community sanction and support does not give individual outsiders the power to interfere with the autonomy that married couples and parents possess. When third parties claim “rights,” they undermine marriages and parenting. When family members begin to claim rights against each other, the families often become troubled.Less

Status and Domestic Relations

Symeon C. Symeonides

in Choice of Law

This chapter covers conflicts in the field of domestic relations or family law. The discussion includes conflicts involving the validity and incidents of marriage, including the latest developments ... More

This chapter covers conflicts in the field of domestic relations or family law. The discussion includes conflicts involving the validity and incidents of marriage, including the latest developments on same-sex marriages, divorce, child support, child custody, filiation and adoption. In the area of same-sex marriage, it explores in depth the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), including vertical DOMA and horizontal DOMA, and its subsequent demise, along with the state-by-state recognition of same-sex relationships that preceded the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges requiring all states to permit same-sex couples to marry.Less

Seventeen

Sherri Snyder

in Barbara La Marr: The Girl Who Was Too Beautiful for Hollywood

At the chapter’s outset, readers are given insight into Barbara’s private life, including her relationships with film star John Gilbert and future MGM producer Paul Bern. The chapter then shifts to ... More

At the chapter’s outset, readers are given insight into Barbara’s private life, including her relationships with film star John Gilbert and future MGM producer Paul Bern. The chapter then shifts to Barbara’s professional life; she completesArabian Love (1922) andDomestic Relations (1922). Information regarding plot synopses and critical reception is provided for these films. As Barbara is about to begin Rex Ingram’s Black Orchids (1922)—the biggest opportunity of her career to date—her deepest fear is realized: isolated stories of her shocking background as Reatha Watson have circulated through the film colony. With Hollywood facing worldwide scrutiny from three major scandals (the ramifications of which, along with the scandals, are outlined here), the sordid details of Barbara’s past are temporarily suppressed, and Ingram retains her services forBlack Orchids. Another potential scandal soon looms, however: Barbara is secretly pregnant with an illegitimate child.Less