Daniel Engster
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199214358
- eISBN:
- 9780191706684
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214358.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Political and economic theorists have generally ignored caring practices in outlining accounts of economic justice. Building upon the work of recent feminist theorists, this chapter develops a theory ...
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Political and economic theorists have generally ignored caring practices in outlining accounts of economic justice. Building upon the work of recent feminist theorists, this chapter develops a theory of economic justice organized around caring practices. The first section outlines the basic concepts and normative orientation of a caring economic theory. The second section discusses Virginia Held's and Nancy Folbre's important accounts of care and economic justice. While Held and Folbre identify some of the central tenets of a caring economic theory, they focus primarily on supporting and regulating direct care services within the economy. The book's own approach is broader and more far‐reaching, asking how we can best organize our general economic institutions and policies to provide all individuals with a real opportunity to give and receive adequate care. The third section takes up this subject by exploring the economic system (communism, market socialism, market capitalism, etc.) most conducive to caring values. In the fourth section, it formulates six general principles for establishing and maintaining a caring economic order, and describes in some detail the economic policies following from them. The final section briefly explores the viability of a caring economic order in the context of globalization.Less
Political and economic theorists have generally ignored caring practices in outlining accounts of economic justice. Building upon the work of recent feminist theorists, this chapter develops a theory of economic justice organized around caring practices. The first section outlines the basic concepts and normative orientation of a caring economic theory. The second section discusses Virginia Held's and Nancy Folbre's important accounts of care and economic justice. While Held and Folbre identify some of the central tenets of a caring economic theory, they focus primarily on supporting and regulating direct care services within the economy. The book's own approach is broader and more far‐reaching, asking how we can best organize our general economic institutions and policies to provide all individuals with a real opportunity to give and receive adequate care. The third section takes up this subject by exploring the economic system (communism, market socialism, market capitalism, etc.) most conducive to caring values. In the fourth section, it formulates six general principles for establishing and maintaining a caring economic order, and describes in some detail the economic policies following from them. The final section briefly explores the viability of a caring economic order in the context of globalization.
Diemut Elisabet Bubeck
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198279907
- eISBN:
- 9780191684319
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198279907.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter discusses the domestic labour debate which arose in the late 1960s as an attempt by Marxist feminists to provide an account of the oppression of women in capitalist societies. The ...
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This chapter discusses the domestic labour debate which arose in the late 1960s as an attempt by Marxist feminists to provide an account of the oppression of women in capitalist societies. The domestic labour debate is interesting because it consists of a collective, controversially discussed attempt to come up with a materialist analysis of women's unpaid labour, and because it provides a case study about the difficulty of developing a feminist analysis of any aspect of women's lives and condition within a male-biased theoretical framework. The chapter concludes that feminists could have used Marx's thoughts and ideas of work and exploitation to advance their cause.Less
This chapter discusses the domestic labour debate which arose in the late 1960s as an attempt by Marxist feminists to provide an account of the oppression of women in capitalist societies. The domestic labour debate is interesting because it consists of a collective, controversially discussed attempt to come up with a materialist analysis of women's unpaid labour, and because it provides a case study about the difficulty of developing a feminist analysis of any aspect of women's lives and condition within a male-biased theoretical framework. The chapter concludes that feminists could have used Marx's thoughts and ideas of work and exploitation to advance their cause.
Diemut Elisabet Bubeck
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198279907
- eISBN:
- 9780191684319
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198279907.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Women's unpaid work at home has not concerned theorists of social justice, despite the fact that it renders women vulnerable to exploitation and hence to social injustice. Based on a critical ...
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Women's unpaid work at home has not concerned theorists of social justice, despite the fact that it renders women vulnerable to exploitation and hence to social injustice. Based on a critical analysis of three conceptions of work and women's work in the materialist tradition of thought—Marx, the domestic labour debate, and Delphy and Leonard—this book develops its own theory of women's work as care. By focusing on the material, psychological, and gendered aspects of care, the theory elucidates how and why care is exploitative as long as it remains women's work, and what problems it poses for conceptions of social justice. It also enables the book to develop a striking new interpretation of the much discussed ethic of care: how it relates to considerations of justice and the place it has in moral and political philosophy.Less
Women's unpaid work at home has not concerned theorists of social justice, despite the fact that it renders women vulnerable to exploitation and hence to social injustice. Based on a critical analysis of three conceptions of work and women's work in the materialist tradition of thought—Marx, the domestic labour debate, and Delphy and Leonard—this book develops its own theory of women's work as care. By focusing on the material, psychological, and gendered aspects of care, the theory elucidates how and why care is exploitative as long as it remains women's work, and what problems it poses for conceptions of social justice. It also enables the book to develop a striking new interpretation of the much discussed ethic of care: how it relates to considerations of justice and the place it has in moral and political philosophy.
Shelley Burtt
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199242689
- eISBN:
- 9780191598715
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242682.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
The ’new familists’ argue that sociological evidence on the relation between traditional two‐parent nuclear family and positive outcomes for their children justifies public‐policy measures aimed at ...
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The ’new familists’ argue that sociological evidence on the relation between traditional two‐parent nuclear family and positive outcomes for their children justifies public‐policy measures aimed at promoting this type of family. But the success of such families is due to the fact that many other institutional arrangements advantage this type of family. Such a family typically involves a sexist division of domestic labour. A ’critical theory of family structure’ identifies the developmental needs of children and examines the ways in which various family structures can function to meet these needs.Less
The ’new familists’ argue that sociological evidence on the relation between traditional two‐parent nuclear family and positive outcomes for their children justifies public‐policy measures aimed at promoting this type of family. But the success of such families is due to the fact that many other institutional arrangements advantage this type of family. Such a family typically involves a sexist division of domestic labour. A ’critical theory of family structure’ identifies the developmental needs of children and examines the ways in which various family structures can function to meet these needs.
Diemut Elisabet Bubeck
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198279907
- eISBN:
- 9780191684319
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198279907.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter examines Christine Delphy and Diana Leonard's theory of women's exploitation as wives. It explains the functions of theories and exploitation and some of the problematic issues in the ...
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This chapter examines Christine Delphy and Diana Leonard's theory of women's exploitation as wives. It explains the functions of theories and exploitation and some of the problematic issues in the theory of Delphy and Leonard. Unlike other feminists, Delphy and Leonard conceived their theory in explicit contradistinction to the orthodox Marxist claims and arguments of the domestic labour debate. The chapter suggests that Delphy and Leonard's theory may not remain historically valid for a long time because it does not prescribe a model of unequal power structures in the family which is too static and too backward-looking to do justice to a historically dynamic situation.Less
This chapter examines Christine Delphy and Diana Leonard's theory of women's exploitation as wives. It explains the functions of theories and exploitation and some of the problematic issues in the theory of Delphy and Leonard. Unlike other feminists, Delphy and Leonard conceived their theory in explicit contradistinction to the orthodox Marxist claims and arguments of the domestic labour debate. The chapter suggests that Delphy and Leonard's theory may not remain historically valid for a long time because it does not prescribe a model of unequal power structures in the family which is too static and too backward-looking to do justice to a historically dynamic situation.
JOANNA BOURKE
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203858
- eISBN:
- 9780191676024
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203858.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Social History
In Ireland, housework has always required training. However, in certain periods the training that females received at home came to be deemed inadequate, and organisations arose to supplement it. From ...
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In Ireland, housework has always required training. However, in certain periods the training that females received at home came to be deemed inadequate, and organisations arose to supplement it. From the 1880s, the poor domestic skills of Irishwomen began to attract comment as one of the more serious causes of distress in rural Ireland. By the 1890s, these calls had become increasingly vocal. Education in housework came to be seen as a way of stimulating a revolution in the unwaged domestic sphere. The organisations devoting capital to educational schemes in domestic labour shared a vision of a prosperous countryside which could only be realised by the increased and improved expenditure of unwaged labour in the home. In response to the preoccupation with domestic standards of living, private and public organisations developed schemes designed to teach housework to Irish women.Less
In Ireland, housework has always required training. However, in certain periods the training that females received at home came to be deemed inadequate, and organisations arose to supplement it. From the 1880s, the poor domestic skills of Irishwomen began to attract comment as one of the more serious causes of distress in rural Ireland. By the 1890s, these calls had become increasingly vocal. Education in housework came to be seen as a way of stimulating a revolution in the unwaged domestic sphere. The organisations devoting capital to educational schemes in domestic labour shared a vision of a prosperous countryside which could only be realised by the increased and improved expenditure of unwaged labour in the home. In response to the preoccupation with domestic standards of living, private and public organisations developed schemes designed to teach housework to Irish women.
Ruth Milkman, Ellen Reese, and Benita Roth
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040320
- eISBN:
- 9780252098581
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040320.003.0009
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
This chapter examines the importance of growing class inequality as a driver of employment growth in paid domestic labor by drawing on macrosociological, rather than microsociological, literature. ...
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This chapter examines the importance of growing class inequality as a driver of employment growth in paid domestic labor by drawing on macrosociological, rather than microsociological, literature. More specifically, it considers what explains variation in the proportion of the labor force employed in paid domestic labor over time and space. After comparing the microsociology of paid domestic labor with the modernization theory and the macrosociology of domestic labor, the chapter analyzes the 1990 census data for the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the United States. It shows that income inequality is a significant predictor of the proportion of women workers employed in domestic labor, as was the case in the 1980s in southern California. It also attributes the expansion of employment in paid domestic work in the late twentieth century to widening class inequality, including inequality among women.Less
This chapter examines the importance of growing class inequality as a driver of employment growth in paid domestic labor by drawing on macrosociological, rather than microsociological, literature. More specifically, it considers what explains variation in the proportion of the labor force employed in paid domestic labor over time and space. After comparing the microsociology of paid domestic labor with the modernization theory and the macrosociology of domestic labor, the chapter analyzes the 1990 census data for the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the United States. It shows that income inequality is a significant predictor of the proportion of women workers employed in domestic labor, as was the case in the 1980s in southern California. It also attributes the expansion of employment in paid domestic work in the late twentieth century to widening class inequality, including inequality among women.
Evelyn Omoike
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847426109
- eISBN:
- 9781447301714
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847426109.003.0013
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
This chapter examines one aspect of child trafficking: fostering. It considers the practice of fostering in the West African context, and the extent to which fostering overlaps with the phenomenon of ...
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This chapter examines one aspect of child trafficking: fostering. It considers the practice of fostering in the West African context, and the extent to which fostering overlaps with the phenomenon of child domestic work, which is very extensive in many cities of West Africa. The chapter argues that current child-labour policies and interventions, which focus primarily on the nature of the work those children undertake, fail to properly take into account the nature of domestic work. This work, often undertaken under the guise of ‘fosterage’, frequently but not necessarily through kinship networks, is a common cultural phenomenon. Failure to understand how this operates and overlaps with child domestic work more generally reinforces the exclusion and exploitation faced by African child domestic workers. Traffickers can take advantage of this system to place children in exploitative situations, for example. Because children then lack supportive networks, they can be open to horrific abuse. Unlike most other forms of child slavery, there is yet no convention explicitly targeted towards child domestic labour.Less
This chapter examines one aspect of child trafficking: fostering. It considers the practice of fostering in the West African context, and the extent to which fostering overlaps with the phenomenon of child domestic work, which is very extensive in many cities of West Africa. The chapter argues that current child-labour policies and interventions, which focus primarily on the nature of the work those children undertake, fail to properly take into account the nature of domestic work. This work, often undertaken under the guise of ‘fosterage’, frequently but not necessarily through kinship networks, is a common cultural phenomenon. Failure to understand how this operates and overlaps with child domestic work more generally reinforces the exclusion and exploitation faced by African child domestic workers. Traffickers can take advantage of this system to place children in exploitative situations, for example. Because children then lack supportive networks, they can be open to horrific abuse. Unlike most other forms of child slavery, there is yet no convention explicitly targeted towards child domestic labour.
Susan Thistle
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520245907
- eISBN:
- 9780520939196
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520245907.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter examines how an initial period of postwar expansion lessened the need for women's domestic labor while opening new possibilities for several groups. It explains that the institution of ...
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This chapter examines how an initial period of postwar expansion lessened the need for women's domestic labor while opening new possibilities for several groups. It explains that the institution of no-fault divorce, the rising acceptance of cohabitation, the legalization of abortion, and the disappearance of shot-gun weddings enabled women as well as men to avoid bad marriages and pursue better options in the wage economy. But these changes also removed the old arrangements obligating fathers, business, and the state to provide some support for tasks of family care while constructing little in their place.Less
This chapter examines how an initial period of postwar expansion lessened the need for women's domestic labor while opening new possibilities for several groups. It explains that the institution of no-fault divorce, the rising acceptance of cohabitation, the legalization of abortion, and the disappearance of shot-gun weddings enabled women as well as men to avoid bad marriages and pursue better options in the wage economy. But these changes also removed the old arrangements obligating fathers, business, and the state to provide some support for tasks of family care while constructing little in their place.
Andrew Urban
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780814785843
- eISBN:
- 9780814764749
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814785843.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
Brokering Servitude examines how labor markets for domestic service were identified, shaped, and governed by philanthropists, missionaries, commercial offices, and the state. Because household ...
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Brokering Servitude examines how labor markets for domestic service were identified, shaped, and governed by philanthropists, missionaries, commercial offices, and the state. Because household service was undesirable work and stigmatized as menial and unfree, brokers were integral to steering and compelling women, men, and children into this labor. By the end of the nineteenth century, the federal government—as the sovereign power responsible for overseeing immigration—had become a major broker of domestic labor through border controls. By determining eligibility for entry, federal immigration officials dictated the availability of workers for domestic labor and under what conditions they could be contracted. Brokering Servitude is the first book to connect the political economy of domestic labor in the United States to the nation’s historic legacy as an imperial power engaged in continental expansion, the opening of overseas labor markets in Europe and Asia, and the dismantling of the unfree labor regime that slavery represented. The question of how to best broker the social relations of production necessary to support middle-class domesticity generated contentious debates about race, citizenship, and economic development. This book asserts that the political economy of reproductive labor, usually confined to the static space of the home, cannot be properly understood without attention to labor migrations, and especially migrations of workers who were assisted, compelled, or contracted. Their interventions responded to household employers who were eager to not only compare the merits of different labor sources, but also pit these sources against each other.
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Brokering Servitude examines how labor markets for domestic service were identified, shaped, and governed by philanthropists, missionaries, commercial offices, and the state. Because household service was undesirable work and stigmatized as menial and unfree, brokers were integral to steering and compelling women, men, and children into this labor. By the end of the nineteenth century, the federal government—as the sovereign power responsible for overseeing immigration—had become a major broker of domestic labor through border controls. By determining eligibility for entry, federal immigration officials dictated the availability of workers for domestic labor and under what conditions they could be contracted. Brokering Servitude is the first book to connect the political economy of domestic labor in the United States to the nation’s historic legacy as an imperial power engaged in continental expansion, the opening of overseas labor markets in Europe and Asia, and the dismantling of the unfree labor regime that slavery represented. The question of how to best broker the social relations of production necessary to support middle-class domesticity generated contentious debates about race, citizenship, and economic development. This book asserts that the political economy of reproductive labor, usually confined to the static space of the home, cannot be properly understood without attention to labor migrations, and especially migrations of workers who were assisted, compelled, or contracted. Their interventions responded to household employers who were eager to not only compare the merits of different labor sources, but also pit these sources against each other.
Blagbrough Jonathan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847426109
- eISBN:
- 9781447301714
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847426109.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
This chapter deals with child domestic labour, focusing on detailed evidence from such countries as Peru, Togo, Tanzania, and the Philippines. Many employers of child domestic workers are cruel or ...
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This chapter deals with child domestic labour, focusing on detailed evidence from such countries as Peru, Togo, Tanzania, and the Philippines. Many employers of child domestic workers are cruel or highly exploitative, and unlike many child labourers, child domestic workers start work at a very young age. The hidden nature of the work makes interventions difficult, and the chapter argues that many of these interventions should be targeted at employers, requiring them to improve the conditions under which children work. In particular, employers should allow children access to education, recreation, and contact with their peers. The impact of family poverty is significant in driving children into this kind of work, often serving wider family needs. The growth of the middle classes in hitherto very poor countries has led to increased demand for cheap servants. This demand is often highly gendered, with an emphasis on girls, who are seen culturally as more expendable, fulfilling roles culturally sanctioned as ‘women's work’.Less
This chapter deals with child domestic labour, focusing on detailed evidence from such countries as Peru, Togo, Tanzania, and the Philippines. Many employers of child domestic workers are cruel or highly exploitative, and unlike many child labourers, child domestic workers start work at a very young age. The hidden nature of the work makes interventions difficult, and the chapter argues that many of these interventions should be targeted at employers, requiring them to improve the conditions under which children work. In particular, employers should allow children access to education, recreation, and contact with their peers. The impact of family poverty is significant in driving children into this kind of work, often serving wider family needs. The growth of the middle classes in hitherto very poor countries has led to increased demand for cheap servants. This demand is often highly gendered, with an emphasis on girls, who are seen culturally as more expendable, fulfilling roles culturally sanctioned as ‘women's work’.
Bridget Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199691593
- eISBN:
- 9780191752421
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199691593.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter considers the case of domestic and caring work as a site where the social construction of labour is revealed and contested, and examine the tensions manifest in immigration controls when ...
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This chapter considers the case of domestic and caring work as a site where the social construction of labour is revealed and contested, and examine the tensions manifest in immigration controls when applied to domestic labour. It begins with a brief consideration of domestic labour in the UK. Deregulation and informality mean that private households are a site where people with ambivalent immigration statuses can find precarious work. There have also been two types of visa that have been available for domestic labour from the late 1970s onwards, the au pair visa and a visa for domestic workers who enter the UK with employers. Both visas are principally for live-in work, and both are outside the usual migrant labour channels. In this way, paid domestic labour is treated as exceptional. These visas help to construct the labour market for domestic services but also contribute to shaping the political subjectivities of migrants.Less
This chapter considers the case of domestic and caring work as a site where the social construction of labour is revealed and contested, and examine the tensions manifest in immigration controls when applied to domestic labour. It begins with a brief consideration of domestic labour in the UK. Deregulation and informality mean that private households are a site where people with ambivalent immigration statuses can find precarious work. There have also been two types of visa that have been available for domestic labour from the late 1970s onwards, the au pair visa and a visa for domestic workers who enter the UK with employers. Both visas are principally for live-in work, and both are outside the usual migrant labour channels. In this way, paid domestic labour is treated as exceptional. These visas help to construct the labour market for domestic services but also contribute to shaping the political subjectivities of migrants.
Amanda E. Herbert
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780300177404
- eISBN:
- 9780300199253
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300177404.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter focuses on women's interactions within domestic work spaces. Higher- and lower-status women experienced moments of reciprocal work and cooperation through their mutual involvement in the ...
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This chapter focuses on women's interactions within domestic work spaces. Higher- and lower-status women experienced moments of reciprocal work and cooperation through their mutual involvement in the production of food, drink, and handcraft and through their shared care of children. By examining three distinct but related sources—household inventories, frontispiece images from prescriptive literature, and women's manuscript recipe books—the chapter reveals higher-and lower-status women's close interactions in domestic kitchens, bedchambers, dairies, gardens, breweries, and laundries. It demonstrates how women and their employees labored together within the highly challenging material conditions of these shared work spaces and how they negotiated with one another in navigating these spaces and in some cases registered mutually positive interactions within them.Less
This chapter focuses on women's interactions within domestic work spaces. Higher- and lower-status women experienced moments of reciprocal work and cooperation through their mutual involvement in the production of food, drink, and handcraft and through their shared care of children. By examining three distinct but related sources—household inventories, frontispiece images from prescriptive literature, and women's manuscript recipe books—the chapter reveals higher-and lower-status women's close interactions in domestic kitchens, bedchambers, dairies, gardens, breweries, and laundries. It demonstrates how women and their employees labored together within the highly challenging material conditions of these shared work spaces and how they negotiated with one another in navigating these spaces and in some cases registered mutually positive interactions within them.
Ruth Levitas
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780853235910
- eISBN:
- 9781781380420
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853235910.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter examines the theoretical framework regarding domestic labour that underpins many of Charlotte Perkins Gilman's utopian short stories, particularly ‘Aunt Mary's Pie Plant’ (1908), ‘What ...
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This chapter examines the theoretical framework regarding domestic labour that underpins many of Charlotte Perkins Gilman's utopian short stories, particularly ‘Aunt Mary's Pie Plant’ (1908), ‘What Diantha Did’ (1909–10), ‘The Cottagette’ (1910), ‘Making a Change’ (1911), and the novel Moving the Mountain (1911). It situates these stories in the context of turn-of-the-century socialist debates about labour and domestic labour by comparing Gilman's work to that of Edward Bellamy and William Morris. The chapter also analyses Gilman's ideas in relation to those of August Bebel and Emile Durkheim. It shows how and why the sexual division of labour remains intact in Gilman's thinking, just as it does in that of Bellamy and Morris.Less
This chapter examines the theoretical framework regarding domestic labour that underpins many of Charlotte Perkins Gilman's utopian short stories, particularly ‘Aunt Mary's Pie Plant’ (1908), ‘What Diantha Did’ (1909–10), ‘The Cottagette’ (1910), ‘Making a Change’ (1911), and the novel Moving the Mountain (1911). It situates these stories in the context of turn-of-the-century socialist debates about labour and domestic labour by comparing Gilman's work to that of Edward Bellamy and William Morris. The chapter also analyses Gilman's ideas in relation to those of August Bebel and Emile Durkheim. It shows how and why the sexual division of labour remains intact in Gilman's thinking, just as it does in that of Bellamy and Morris.
Asha Bajpai
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- November 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780199470716
- eISBN:
- 9780199089079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199470716.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
The phenomenon of child labour, estimates on its magnitude, available statistics, its causes and consequences, girl child labour and domestic child labour are discussed in this chapter. The link ...
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The phenomenon of child labour, estimates on its magnitude, available statistics, its causes and consequences, girl child labour and domestic child labour are discussed in this chapter. The link between out-of-school children and child labour has been established and all out-of-school children must be treated as child labourers or potential child labour. The evolution of the Policy on Child Labour in India has been traced. The legal regime and the judicial response relating to Child Labour and Bonded Child Labour are analysed. The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2016 is critically reviewed. This chapter includes a section on international legal interventions, strategies and movements on child labour and bonded children. The chapter includes non-governmental organizations, government initiatives, programmes and schemes relating to child labour and bonded labour. The chapter concludes with recommendations for law reform.Less
The phenomenon of child labour, estimates on its magnitude, available statistics, its causes and consequences, girl child labour and domestic child labour are discussed in this chapter. The link between out-of-school children and child labour has been established and all out-of-school children must be treated as child labourers or potential child labour. The evolution of the Policy on Child Labour in India has been traced. The legal regime and the judicial response relating to Child Labour and Bonded Child Labour are analysed. The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2016 is critically reviewed. This chapter includes a section on international legal interventions, strategies and movements on child labour and bonded children. The chapter includes non-governmental organizations, government initiatives, programmes and schemes relating to child labour and bonded labour. The chapter concludes with recommendations for law reform.
Patrick Macklem
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199281060
- eISBN:
- 9780191700156
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199281060.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Employment Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter describes the two different ways in which workers' rights to collective action have been conceived at the international level. The first form was through conventions promulgated by the ...
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This chapter describes the two different ways in which workers' rights to collective action have been conceived at the international level. The first form was through conventions promulgated by the International Labour Organization, which were aimed principally at protecting domestic labour rights in capitalist welfare states against competition from states that did not abide by these standards. The ‘second wave’ of international recognition came through the inclusion of labour-related rights (such as freedom of association) in international human rights instruments, such as the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. In these international legal instruments, labour rights became a subset of universal human rights (although as Macklem shows, the collective nature of labour rights did not always sit easily with the individualist interpretations dominant in the human rights field).Less
This chapter describes the two different ways in which workers' rights to collective action have been conceived at the international level. The first form was through conventions promulgated by the International Labour Organization, which were aimed principally at protecting domestic labour rights in capitalist welfare states against competition from states that did not abide by these standards. The ‘second wave’ of international recognition came through the inclusion of labour-related rights (such as freedom of association) in international human rights instruments, such as the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. In these international legal instruments, labour rights became a subset of universal human rights (although as Macklem shows, the collective nature of labour rights did not always sit easily with the individualist interpretations dominant in the human rights field).
Tim Lang, David Barling, and Martin Caraher
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198567882
- eISBN:
- 9780191724121
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567882.003.0007
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter focuses on the behavioural and cultural aspects of food. It argues that food behaviour can be located within a social process in which consumers are but one set of actors in the food ...
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This chapter focuses on the behavioural and cultural aspects of food. It argues that food behaviour can be located within a social process in which consumers are but one set of actors in the food system, and where contexts and social interactions may be set and inherited through wider culture, geography and history, as well as family or domestic circumstance. Policies are engaged with all these levels, factors, and drivers.Less
This chapter focuses on the behavioural and cultural aspects of food. It argues that food behaviour can be located within a social process in which consumers are but one set of actors in the food system, and where contexts and social interactions may be set and inherited through wider culture, geography and history, as well as family or domestic circumstance. Policies are engaged with all these levels, factors, and drivers.
Isabel Molina-Guzmán
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814757352
- eISBN:
- 9780814759547
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814757352.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter analyzes the cinematic and IMDb audience discourse about Latina migration and labor in two romantic Hollywood comedies, Spanglish (2004) and Maid in Manhattan (2002), to document how the ...
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This chapter analyzes the cinematic and IMDb audience discourse about Latina migration and labor in two romantic Hollywood comedies, Spanglish (2004) and Maid in Manhattan (2002), to document how the symbolic colonization of Latinidad in the mainstream media carries both cultural and political consequences. The first section maps the symbolic currency and cultural conflicts regarding constructions of Latina labor during a historical and political period when immigration is increasingly constructed as a potential site of terrorism. It documents how the romantic cinematic discourse surrounding Latina migration and labor in Spanglish and Maid in Manhattan erases the diverse, sometimes violent trajectories of transnational Latina immigrants and workers within contemporary U.S. culture and politics. The second and third sections examine the cinematic production of Latina bodies as workers safe for cultural and economic consumption.Less
This chapter analyzes the cinematic and IMDb audience discourse about Latina migration and labor in two romantic Hollywood comedies, Spanglish (2004) and Maid in Manhattan (2002), to document how the symbolic colonization of Latinidad in the mainstream media carries both cultural and political consequences. The first section maps the symbolic currency and cultural conflicts regarding constructions of Latina labor during a historical and political period when immigration is increasingly constructed as a potential site of terrorism. It documents how the romantic cinematic discourse surrounding Latina migration and labor in Spanglish and Maid in Manhattan erases the diverse, sometimes violent trajectories of transnational Latina immigrants and workers within contemporary U.S. culture and politics. The second and third sections examine the cinematic production of Latina bodies as workers safe for cultural and economic consumption.
Amy G. Richter
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814769133
- eISBN:
- 9780814769157
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814769133.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
Despite the celebration of home’s isolation from the public world of paid labor and commerce, the two realms remained intertwined. This chapter looks beyond the ideal home to explore the ongoing ...
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Despite the celebration of home’s isolation from the public world of paid labor and commerce, the two realms remained intertwined. This chapter looks beyond the ideal home to explore the ongoing significance of paid and unpaid domestic labor and reveals the variety of work (economic and cultural) done at home. The documents in this chapter include accounts of boardinghouse life by a Lowell mill girl and journalist Nellie Bly. Writings by Catharine Beecher, Clarissa Packard, and Lizzie Goodenough explore the relationship between mistresses and domestic servants. An excerpt from Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women emphasizes the importance of middle-class women’s unpaid domestic labor, while Maria Sedgwick and Ward Stafford show the impact of the moral home on depictions of the poor. Finally, an excerpt from Solomon Northrup’s narrative describes domestic arrangements under slavery and offers a contrast to the moral slave cabin envisioned by some slaveholders.Less
Despite the celebration of home’s isolation from the public world of paid labor and commerce, the two realms remained intertwined. This chapter looks beyond the ideal home to explore the ongoing significance of paid and unpaid domestic labor and reveals the variety of work (economic and cultural) done at home. The documents in this chapter include accounts of boardinghouse life by a Lowell mill girl and journalist Nellie Bly. Writings by Catharine Beecher, Clarissa Packard, and Lizzie Goodenough explore the relationship between mistresses and domestic servants. An excerpt from Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women emphasizes the importance of middle-class women’s unpaid domestic labor, while Maria Sedgwick and Ward Stafford show the impact of the moral home on depictions of the poor. Finally, an excerpt from Solomon Northrup’s narrative describes domestic arrangements under slavery and offers a contrast to the moral slave cabin envisioned by some slaveholders.
Sanjiv Gupta, Marie Evertsson, Daniela Grunow, Magnus Nermo, and Liana C. Sayer
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804763578
- eISBN:
- 9780804773744
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804763578.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
This chapter investigates the relationship between socioeconomic inequalities among women and disparities in the time they spend on housework. It analyzes the gap related to income differences of ...
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This chapter investigates the relationship between socioeconomic inequalities among women and disparities in the time they spend on housework. It analyzes the gap related to income differences of women in Germany, Sweden and the United States. The chapter compares this economic disparity in the time spent by women on housework with respect to the gender gap in domestic labor within each country.Less
This chapter investigates the relationship between socioeconomic inequalities among women and disparities in the time they spend on housework. It analyzes the gap related to income differences of women in Germany, Sweden and the United States. The chapter compares this economic disparity in the time spent by women on housework with respect to the gender gap in domestic labor within each country.
