Derek Doyle and David Jeffrey
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192632272
- eISBN:
- 9780191730245
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192632272.001.0001
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Pain Management and Palliative Pharmacology
Most people with far-advanced illness wish to be cared for at home for as long as possible. The challenge of providing good palliative care at home is therefore of major importance for family ...
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Most people with far-advanced illness wish to be cared for at home for as long as possible. The challenge of providing good palliative care at home is therefore of major importance for family doctors, nurses, and all those committed to maintaining the highest possible quality of life for the dying person. As modern specialist palliative care has raised both standards of care and also public expectations of family doctors and community nurses, this book helps to place specialist care in context. As palliative care is a major responsibility for teams providing care at home, the book provides a definitive guide on how to provide effective care for people with far-advanced disease. It has been written by two palliative specialists, both of whom have been family doctors. The book deals with all the physical, emotional, spiritual, and social problems that will be encountered by family doctors and community nurses caring for patients and relatives in a home setting. It deals in detail with emergencies, communications, and ethical issues, and emphasises throughout the importance of team work.Less
Most people with far-advanced illness wish to be cared for at home for as long as possible. The challenge of providing good palliative care at home is therefore of major importance for family doctors, nurses, and all those committed to maintaining the highest possible quality of life for the dying person. As modern specialist palliative care has raised both standards of care and also public expectations of family doctors and community nurses, this book helps to place specialist care in context. As palliative care is a major responsibility for teams providing care at home, the book provides a definitive guide on how to provide effective care for people with far-advanced disease. It has been written by two palliative specialists, both of whom have been family doctors. The book deals with all the physical, emotional, spiritual, and social problems that will be encountered by family doctors and community nurses caring for patients and relatives in a home setting. It deals in detail with emergencies, communications, and ethical issues, and emphasises throughout the importance of team work.
Dagmar Wujastyk
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199856268
- eISBN:
- 9780199950560
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199856268.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
When is it right for a doctor to lie to a patient? What is more important: a patient's health, or his dignity? When should a patient refuse to follow the doctor's orders? What is acceptable medical ...
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When is it right for a doctor to lie to a patient? What is more important: a patient's health, or his dignity? When should a patient refuse to follow the doctor's orders? What is acceptable medical risk? Whose fault is it if a patient dies under a doctor's care? Who cares for the patient? And who pays the bill? About two thousand years ago, physicians in ancient India could find answers to these questions in the then new, and now classic ayurvedic textbooks. Held in great respect, and used for ayurvedic training even today, the early ayurvedic treatises offer many guidelines on good medical practice: They define what made a physician a good physician, or a patient a good patient. They describe the formal procedures of medical education and lay out the rules for subsequent practice. They determine the duties or obligations doctors and patients had to each other, providing a catalogue of rules of professional conduct that physicians were bound to, including guidelines on appropriate interactions both with patients as well as with colleagues. Translating and discussing the original Sanskrit texts of the core ayurvedic treatises, the book offers a survey and analysis of the ayurvedic moral discourses on professional conduct in a medical setting and explores in what relationship the ethical tenets found in the ayurvedic works stand to those from other broadly contemporaneous South Asian sources.Less
When is it right for a doctor to lie to a patient? What is more important: a patient's health, or his dignity? When should a patient refuse to follow the doctor's orders? What is acceptable medical risk? Whose fault is it if a patient dies under a doctor's care? Who cares for the patient? And who pays the bill? About two thousand years ago, physicians in ancient India could find answers to these questions in the then new, and now classic ayurvedic textbooks. Held in great respect, and used for ayurvedic training even today, the early ayurvedic treatises offer many guidelines on good medical practice: They define what made a physician a good physician, or a patient a good patient. They describe the formal procedures of medical education and lay out the rules for subsequent practice. They determine the duties or obligations doctors and patients had to each other, providing a catalogue of rules of professional conduct that physicians were bound to, including guidelines on appropriate interactions both with patients as well as with colleagues. Translating and discussing the original Sanskrit texts of the core ayurvedic treatises, the book offers a survey and analysis of the ayurvedic moral discourses on professional conduct in a medical setting and explores in what relationship the ethical tenets found in the ayurvedic works stand to those from other broadly contemporaneous South Asian sources.
Christina M. Puchalski
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195146820
- eISBN:
- 9780199999866
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195146820.003.0024
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine and Older People
This chapter discusses the importance of patient experience in improving the quality of palliative care, highlighting the impact of the stories and advocacy of Rhonda Oziel and other terminally ill ...
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This chapter discusses the importance of patient experience in improving the quality of palliative care, highlighting the impact of the stories and advocacy of Rhonda Oziel and other terminally ill patients on future generations of doctors. It also explains how the author's spiritual life has been significantly affected by her patients and how the experience of being with another in the midst of suffering and woundedness opened her up to her own suffering and woundedness.Less
This chapter discusses the importance of patient experience in improving the quality of palliative care, highlighting the impact of the stories and advocacy of Rhonda Oziel and other terminally ill patients on future generations of doctors. It also explains how the author's spiritual life has been significantly affected by her patients and how the experience of being with another in the midst of suffering and woundedness opened her up to her own suffering and woundedness.
Melissa Haussman
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199242665
- eISBN:
- 9780191600258
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242666.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Canada's government gained constitutional autonomy from Britain in the 1960s and decriminalized abortion for a few women under the strict control of doctors and hospitals. When the Supreme Court ...
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Canada's government gained constitutional autonomy from Britain in the 1960s and decriminalized abortion for a few women under the strict control of doctors and hospitals. When the Supreme Court ruled this law unconstitutional in 1988, it marked a complete success for the women's movement activists. They were able to seal this victory by stopping, barely, the attempts by the Conservative government to return abortion law to the criminal code. The movement developed its political clout without the help of numerous women's policy agencies that, although sympathetic to feminist goals and well‐funded, were silenced by the policy environment.Less
Canada's government gained constitutional autonomy from Britain in the 1960s and decriminalized abortion for a few women under the strict control of doctors and hospitals. When the Supreme Court ruled this law unconstitutional in 1988, it marked a complete success for the women's movement activists. They were able to seal this victory by stopping, barely, the attempts by the Conservative government to return abortion law to the criminal code. The movement developed its political clout without the help of numerous women's policy agencies that, although sympathetic to feminist goals and well‐funded, were silenced by the policy environment.
Joyce Outshoorn
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199242665
- eISBN:
- 9780191600258
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242666.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The abortion issue rose to the agenda in the Netherlands at the same time as the rebirth of the women's movement, when doctors were performing illegal abortions on demand. Thus, at first, the frame ...
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The abortion issue rose to the agenda in the Netherlands at the same time as the rebirth of the women's movement, when doctors were performing illegal abortions on demand. Thus, at first, the frame of the debate focused on how much autonomy doctors should have in light of moral considerations. As the women's movement activism grew, so did the recognition of abortion as a matter of women's autonomy and control over reproduction. When the government legalized abortion in 1981, it was a victory for the movement although movement activists were not part of the decision‐making process. They did get access during the implementation process and, through an active insider women's policy agency, achieved unfettered access to abortion procedures for all women.Less
The abortion issue rose to the agenda in the Netherlands at the same time as the rebirth of the women's movement, when doctors were performing illegal abortions on demand. Thus, at first, the frame of the debate focused on how much autonomy doctors should have in light of moral considerations. As the women's movement activism grew, so did the recognition of abortion as a matter of women's autonomy and control over reproduction. When the government legalized abortion in 1981, it was a victory for the movement although movement activists were not part of the decision‐making process. They did get access during the implementation process and, through an active insider women's policy agency, achieved unfettered access to abortion procedures for all women.
Cicely Saunders
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198570530
- eISBN:
- 9780191730412
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198570530.003.0002
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Palliative Medicine Research
Should a patient know he is dying? This question is argued freely by nurses and doctors and also by his friends and relations. It is wrong to be dogmatic in advancing one's own views and it is ...
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Should a patient know he is dying? This question is argued freely by nurses and doctors and also by his friends and relations. It is wrong to be dogmatic in advancing one's own views and it is impossible to suggest a general rule, but people need to consider some basic principles on the subject if they are not to be caught unawares and to make decisions based on little more than feelings. The care of the dying is pre-eminently the time for doctor, nurse and chaplain to cooperate. In practice, at the moment, many people are so out of touch with the Church that they find it hard to respond to the visit of a clergyman at this stage. In many hospitals the chaplain's visit is a routine but it is a great help to him if he is told as soon as possible of anyone who is in special need.Less
Should a patient know he is dying? This question is argued freely by nurses and doctors and also by his friends and relations. It is wrong to be dogmatic in advancing one's own views and it is impossible to suggest a general rule, but people need to consider some basic principles on the subject if they are not to be caught unawares and to make decisions based on little more than feelings. The care of the dying is pre-eminently the time for doctor, nurse and chaplain to cooperate. In practice, at the moment, many people are so out of touch with the Church that they find it hard to respond to the visit of a clergyman at this stage. In many hospitals the chaplain's visit is a routine but it is a great help to him if he is told as soon as possible of anyone who is in special need.
Jacalyn Duffin
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195336504
- eISBN:
- 9780199868612
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195336504.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The Introduction outlines the author's reasons for writing this book and presents the format of the following chapters. It mentions the background to the book: four research trips to the Vatican from ...
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The Introduction outlines the author's reasons for writing this book and presents the format of the following chapters. It mentions the background to the book: four research trips to the Vatican from 2001 to 2007. The Introduction also defines the goals of the book and the sources of the research that have been used to answer the book's key questions: What were the miracles worked through the intercession of new saints in modern times? How many were healings of physical illness? Who were the supplicants? What diseases were cured, and did they change through time? How many miracles entailed cutting-edge science and the testimony of skeptical, even atheist, physicians? What was the experience of other doctors whose medical work led them to a liturgical encounter? And how did the miracles transpire?Less
The Introduction outlines the author's reasons for writing this book and presents the format of the following chapters. It mentions the background to the book: four research trips to the Vatican from 2001 to 2007. The Introduction also defines the goals of the book and the sources of the research that have been used to answer the book's key questions: What were the miracles worked through the intercession of new saints in modern times? How many were healings of physical illness? Who were the supplicants? What diseases were cured, and did they change through time? How many miracles entailed cutting-edge science and the testimony of skeptical, even atheist, physicians? What was the experience of other doctors whose medical work led them to a liturgical encounter? And how did the miracles transpire?
Jill Quadagno
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195160390
- eISBN:
- 9780199944026
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195160390.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
Every industrial nation in the world guarantees its citizens access to essential health care services—every country, that is, except the United States. In fact, one in eight Americans—43 million ...
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Every industrial nation in the world guarantees its citizens access to essential health care services—every country, that is, except the United States. In fact, one in eight Americans—43 million people—do not have any health care insurance at all. This book offers a history of America's failed efforts to address the health care needs of its citizens. Covering the entire twentieth century, it shows how each attempt to enact national health insurance was met with fierce attacks by powerful stakeholders, who mobilized their considerable resources to keep the financing of health care out of the government's hands. The author describes how, at first, physicians led the anti-reform coalition, fearful that government entry would mean government control of the lucrative private health care market. Doctors lobbied legislators, influenced elections by giving large campaign contributions to sympathetic candidates, and organized “grassroots” protests, conspiring with other like-minded groups to defeat reform efforts. As the success of Medicare and Medicaid in the mid-century led physicians and the AMA to start scaling back their attacks, the insurance industry began assuming a leading role against reform that continues to this day.Less
Every industrial nation in the world guarantees its citizens access to essential health care services—every country, that is, except the United States. In fact, one in eight Americans—43 million people—do not have any health care insurance at all. This book offers a history of America's failed efforts to address the health care needs of its citizens. Covering the entire twentieth century, it shows how each attempt to enact national health insurance was met with fierce attacks by powerful stakeholders, who mobilized their considerable resources to keep the financing of health care out of the government's hands. The author describes how, at first, physicians led the anti-reform coalition, fearful that government entry would mean government control of the lucrative private health care market. Doctors lobbied legislators, influenced elections by giving large campaign contributions to sympathetic candidates, and organized “grassroots” protests, conspiring with other like-minded groups to defeat reform efforts. As the success of Medicare and Medicaid in the mid-century led physicians and the AMA to start scaling back their attacks, the insurance industry began assuming a leading role against reform that continues to this day.
Adriana Petryna
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691151663
- eISBN:
- 9781400845095
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691151663.003.0006
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter examines the ethical positions of local scientists and clinicians from the perspective of Soviet and post-Soviet scientific trajectories as well as in relation to international ...
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This chapter examines the ethical positions of local scientists and clinicians from the perspective of Soviet and post-Soviet scientific trajectories as well as in relation to international scientific influences. More specifically, it considers how the radiation research process makes connections between ailments and the Chernobyl disaster real—that is, organic. It also explores how scientific and political pressures at the international level restrict local discourses on the health effects of radiation from the Chernobyl disaster and influence the processes through which the biology of such effects becomes an object of contested scientific understanding and research. Finally, it shows how patients become captives of a new sociality in Ukraine and describes the changing doctor–patient relations, along with the in utero research carried out, at the Radiation Research Center.Less
This chapter examines the ethical positions of local scientists and clinicians from the perspective of Soviet and post-Soviet scientific trajectories as well as in relation to international scientific influences. More specifically, it considers how the radiation research process makes connections between ailments and the Chernobyl disaster real—that is, organic. It also explores how scientific and political pressures at the international level restrict local discourses on the health effects of radiation from the Chernobyl disaster and influence the processes through which the biology of such effects becomes an object of contested scientific understanding and research. Finally, it shows how patients become captives of a new sociality in Ukraine and describes the changing doctor–patient relations, along with the in utero research carried out, at the Radiation Research Center.
William A. Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195176407
- eISBN:
- 9780199775545
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195176407.003.0005
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
Galen of Pergamum was court physician to Marcus Aurelius and the leading doctor of his time. He also was a prolific writer, who wrote with interesting clarity about his expectations for readers. This ...
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Galen of Pergamum was court physician to Marcus Aurelius and the leading doctor of his time. He also was a prolific writer, who wrote with interesting clarity about his expectations for readers. This chapter explores Galen’s use of his medical treatises to advocate for and construct a particular type of elite reading community oriented toward medical and philosophical understanding. The ways in which Galen’s writings circulated, and what it tells us about ancient notions of publication, are also in focus.Less
Galen of Pergamum was court physician to Marcus Aurelius and the leading doctor of his time. He also was a prolific writer, who wrote with interesting clarity about his expectations for readers. This chapter explores Galen’s use of his medical treatises to advocate for and construct a particular type of elite reading community oriented toward medical and philosophical understanding. The ways in which Galen’s writings circulated, and what it tells us about ancient notions of publication, are also in focus.
James F. Blumstein
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195390131
- eISBN:
- 9780199775934
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390131.003.007
- Subject:
- Law, Medical Law
This chapter considers the integration of (i) physician services and (ii) the institutional and economic interests of hospitals. These issues provide a vehicle for addressing the institutional ...
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This chapter considers the integration of (i) physician services and (ii) the institutional and economic interests of hospitals. These issues provide a vehicle for addressing the institutional fragmentation arising from existing hospital-governance regulation. How, and to what extent, should economic considerations factor into medical-care decision-making? What regulatory structure should govern physician–hospital interrelationships? Whereas hospitals once followed an “eBay” model, they now have their own institutional interests. Hospitals have independent duties to patients, and responsibilities to assure quality of care and manage costs. These realities call into question the traditional regulatory/governance structure of hospitals. The regulatory regime for integrated delivery networks (IDNs) is more flexible than the traditional JCAHO hospital model. The chapter concludes that (i) the legal/regulatory environment should not dictate how physician–hospital relationships should develop, nor the appropriate organizational form; and (ii) regulatory flexibility and “regulatory neutrality” should guide public policy in this arena.Less
This chapter considers the integration of (i) physician services and (ii) the institutional and economic interests of hospitals. These issues provide a vehicle for addressing the institutional fragmentation arising from existing hospital-governance regulation. How, and to what extent, should economic considerations factor into medical-care decision-making? What regulatory structure should govern physician–hospital interrelationships? Whereas hospitals once followed an “eBay” model, they now have their own institutional interests. Hospitals have independent duties to patients, and responsibilities to assure quality of care and manage costs. These realities call into question the traditional regulatory/governance structure of hospitals. The regulatory regime for integrated delivery networks (IDNs) is more flexible than the traditional JCAHO hospital model. The chapter concludes that (i) the legal/regulatory environment should not dictate how physician–hospital relationships should develop, nor the appropriate organizational form; and (ii) regulatory flexibility and “regulatory neutrality” should guide public policy in this arena.
Louis Niebur
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195368406
- eISBN:
- 9780199863853
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195368406.003.0005
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western, Popular
Throughout the 1970s, synthesizers continually dropped in price while improving in design and ease of use; consequently, electronic music was no longer only within the financial range of universities ...
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Throughout the 1970s, synthesizers continually dropped in price while improving in design and ease of use; consequently, electronic music was no longer only within the financial range of universities and government‐funded institutions such as the BBC. In particular, the success of popular artists such as Pink Floyd (who earlier had actually used the equipment at the Workshop), Vangelis, and Jean‐Michel Jarre forced the composers at the Radiophonic Workshop to adapt their compositional style. Especially with the addition of pop musician Paddy Kingsland, the general tone of the Workshop's output changed: a distinctly commercial pop sound was combined with a tech‐heavy emphasis on electronic production.Less
Throughout the 1970s, synthesizers continually dropped in price while improving in design and ease of use; consequently, electronic music was no longer only within the financial range of universities and government‐funded institutions such as the BBC. In particular, the success of popular artists such as Pink Floyd (who earlier had actually used the equipment at the Workshop), Vangelis, and Jean‐Michel Jarre forced the composers at the Radiophonic Workshop to adapt their compositional style. Especially with the addition of pop musician Paddy Kingsland, the general tone of the Workshop's output changed: a distinctly commercial pop sound was combined with a tech‐heavy emphasis on electronic production.
Louis Niebur
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195368406
- eISBN:
- 9780199863853
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195368406.003.0006
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western, Popular
In the 1980s, the Workshop composed hundreds of pop electronic incidental scores for successful, influential television programs such as Doctor Who, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, and the ...
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In the 1980s, the Workshop composed hundreds of pop electronic incidental scores for successful, influential television programs such as Doctor Who, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, and the ongoing BBC Schools production Look and Read. And with the adoption of the Mac computer, the Workshop became one of the most sophisticated MIDI‐controlled studios in Europe. Ultimately, however, as popular music continued to adopt electronic techniques, the lack of a unique sound at the Workshop led to its gradual decline, and the BBC's decision that all departments must be self‐sufficient led to the Workshop's closure in 1998.Less
In the 1980s, the Workshop composed hundreds of pop electronic incidental scores for successful, influential television programs such as Doctor Who, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, and the ongoing BBC Schools production Look and Read. And with the adoption of the Mac computer, the Workshop became one of the most sophisticated MIDI‐controlled studios in Europe. Ultimately, however, as popular music continued to adopt electronic techniques, the lack of a unique sound at the Workshop led to its gradual decline, and the BBC's decision that all departments must be self‐sufficient led to the Workshop's closure in 1998.
Kristen Renwick Monroe
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691151373
- eISBN:
- 9781400840366
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691151373.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Psychology and Interaction
This chapter presents a narrative interview with Tony's cousin, a woman called “Beatrix.” Since the two are related, Beatrix shared many background characteristics with Tony, and she spent much time ...
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This chapter presents a narrative interview with Tony's cousin, a woman called “Beatrix.” Since the two are related, Beatrix shared many background characteristics with Tony, and she spent much time with Tony's family after her mother died. In terms of behavior, however, Beatrix was a bystander, living through the war as someone politically uninvolved. She discusses her marriage to a Dutch doctor, how her husband took over a medical practice from a Jewish doctor, how she and her husband then moved into the Jewish doctor's large home in Utrecht. Yet Beatrix never seemed to make a connection between her own good fortune and the Jewish doctor's plight. In her attitudes, worldview, self-image, and other psychological characteristics, Beatrix captures the themes commonly voiced by other bystanders interviewed for this study.Less
This chapter presents a narrative interview with Tony's cousin, a woman called “Beatrix.” Since the two are related, Beatrix shared many background characteristics with Tony, and she spent much time with Tony's family after her mother died. In terms of behavior, however, Beatrix was a bystander, living through the war as someone politically uninvolved. She discusses her marriage to a Dutch doctor, how her husband took over a medical practice from a Jewish doctor, how she and her husband then moved into the Jewish doctor's large home in Utrecht. Yet Beatrix never seemed to make a connection between her own good fortune and the Jewish doctor's plight. In her attitudes, worldview, self-image, and other psychological characteristics, Beatrix captures the themes commonly voiced by other bystanders interviewed for this study.
Frederick M. MD Barken
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449765
- eISBN:
- 9780801460609
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449765.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Primary care medicine is in crisis. While policymakers, government administrators, and the health insurance industry pay lip service to the personal relationship between physician and patient, ...
More
Primary care medicine is in crisis. While policymakers, government administrators, and the health insurance industry pay lip service to the personal relationship between physician and patient, dissatisfaction and disaffection run rampant among primary care doctors, and medical students steer clear in order to pursue more lucrative specialties. Patients feel helpless, well aware that they are losing a valued close connection as health care steadily becomes more transactional than relational. The thin-margin efficiency, rapid pace, and high volume demanded by the new health care economics do not work for primary care, an inherently slower, more personal, and uniquely tailored service. This book offers a cool critique of the “market model of medicine” while vividly illustrating how the seemingly inexorable trend toward specialization in the last few decades has shifted emphasis away from what was once the foundation of medical practice. It addresses the complexities of modern practice—overuse of diagnostic studies, fragmentation of care, increasing reliance on an array of prescription drugs, and the practice of defensive medicine. The book shows how changes in medicine, the family, and society have left physicians to deal with a wide range of geriatric issues, from limited mobility to dementia, that are not addressed by health care policy and are not entirely amenable to a physician's prescription. It contends that the very survival of primary care is in jeopardy at a time when its practitioners are needed more than ever.Less
Primary care medicine is in crisis. While policymakers, government administrators, and the health insurance industry pay lip service to the personal relationship between physician and patient, dissatisfaction and disaffection run rampant among primary care doctors, and medical students steer clear in order to pursue more lucrative specialties. Patients feel helpless, well aware that they are losing a valued close connection as health care steadily becomes more transactional than relational. The thin-margin efficiency, rapid pace, and high volume demanded by the new health care economics do not work for primary care, an inherently slower, more personal, and uniquely tailored service. This book offers a cool critique of the “market model of medicine” while vividly illustrating how the seemingly inexorable trend toward specialization in the last few decades has shifted emphasis away from what was once the foundation of medical practice. It addresses the complexities of modern practice—overuse of diagnostic studies, fragmentation of care, increasing reliance on an array of prescription drugs, and the practice of defensive medicine. The book shows how changes in medicine, the family, and society have left physicians to deal with a wide range of geriatric issues, from limited mobility to dementia, that are not addressed by health care policy and are not entirely amenable to a physician's prescription. It contends that the very survival of primary care is in jeopardy at a time when its practitioners are needed more than ever.
Hannah Newton
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199650491
- eISBN:
- 9780191741647
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199650491.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
The Introduction summarises the book’s main arguments, provides definitions of key terms, sets out the parameters of the study, and situates the research in its wider historiographical context. It ...
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The Introduction summarises the book’s main arguments, provides definitions of key terms, sets out the parameters of the study, and situates the research in its wider historiographical context. It also provides a substantial discussion of the book’s methodology, identifying the types of primary material used in the analysis, and the various limitations and challenges presented by these sources. These include the problems of deducing the child’s experience from the words of adults, the religious and socio-economic biases of the sources, and the complicating issues of censorship, literary convention, and reader reception.Less
The Introduction summarises the book’s main arguments, provides definitions of key terms, sets out the parameters of the study, and situates the research in its wider historiographical context. It also provides a substantial discussion of the book’s methodology, identifying the types of primary material used in the analysis, and the various limitations and challenges presented by these sources. These include the problems of deducing the child’s experience from the words of adults, the religious and socio-economic biases of the sources, and the complicating issues of censorship, literary convention, and reader reception.
Hannah Newton
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199650491
- eISBN:
- 9780191741647
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199650491.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter examines early modern perceptions of children’s bodies, minds, and diseases, from the viewpoints of doctors and laypeople. It argues that, contrary to common historiographical opinion, ...
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This chapter examines early modern perceptions of children’s bodies, minds, and diseases, from the viewpoints of doctors and laypeople. It argues that, contrary to common historiographical opinion, children were distinguished fundamentally from adults in this period: their bodies and brains were filled with moist and warm humours, which made them weaker than their elders, and vulnerable to a different set of diseases. Children were thus defined by their distinctive humours: all contemporary medical ideas about children were rooted in this ancient Galenic belief. This humoral understanding of children persisted over the course of the early modern period, and was embraced by physicians of diverse theoretical perspectives. The chapter is divided into two parts: the first part examines medical perceptions of children’s constitutions, bodies, and minds; the second section considers children’s diseases, discussing the causes of these maladies, and ideas about prognosis.Less
This chapter examines early modern perceptions of children’s bodies, minds, and diseases, from the viewpoints of doctors and laypeople. It argues that, contrary to common historiographical opinion, children were distinguished fundamentally from adults in this period: their bodies and brains were filled with moist and warm humours, which made them weaker than their elders, and vulnerable to a different set of diseases. Children were thus defined by their distinctive humours: all contemporary medical ideas about children were rooted in this ancient Galenic belief. This humoral understanding of children persisted over the course of the early modern period, and was embraced by physicians of diverse theoretical perspectives. The chapter is divided into two parts: the first part examines medical perceptions of children’s constitutions, bodies, and minds; the second section considers children’s diseases, discussing the causes of these maladies, and ideas about prognosis.
Hannah Newton
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199650491
- eISBN:
- 9780191741647
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199650491.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Historians have often assumed that early modern doctors neither treated children, nor recognised the need to adapt medicines to complement their distinctive temperaments. This chapter discredits ...
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Historians have often assumed that early modern doctors neither treated children, nor recognised the need to adapt medicines to complement their distinctive temperaments. This chapter discredits these assumptions, demonstrating that a concept of ‘children’s physic’ existed in early modern England: physicians and laypeople regularly administered medical treatments to children, and were careful to adapt these treatments to suit their tender bodies. The chapter is divided into three: the first part asks how doctors diagnosed children’s diseases, and shows that the traditional techniques used for diagnosing the patient’s condition were considered inappropriate for children. The second part examines the types of treatments that were considered most and least suitable for children, thereby providing evidence to suggest that there was an awareness of children’s special medical needs. The third part then identifies the various ways in which the remedies were tailored to children’s distinctive physiologies.Less
Historians have often assumed that early modern doctors neither treated children, nor recognised the need to adapt medicines to complement their distinctive temperaments. This chapter discredits these assumptions, demonstrating that a concept of ‘children’s physic’ existed in early modern England: physicians and laypeople regularly administered medical treatments to children, and were careful to adapt these treatments to suit their tender bodies. The chapter is divided into three: the first part asks how doctors diagnosed children’s diseases, and shows that the traditional techniques used for diagnosing the patient’s condition were considered inappropriate for children. The second part examines the types of treatments that were considered most and least suitable for children, thereby providing evidence to suggest that there was an awareness of children’s special medical needs. The third part then identifies the various ways in which the remedies were tailored to children’s distinctive physiologies.
Omri Ben-Shahar and Carl E. Schneider
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691161709
- eISBN:
- 9781400850389
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691161709.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This book argues that mandated disclosure as a distinctive regulatory method routinely fails to achieve its ambitious goals. Describing “mandated disclosure” as perhaps the most common and least ...
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This book argues that mandated disclosure as a distinctive regulatory method routinely fails to achieve its ambitious goals. Describing “mandated disclosure” as perhaps the most common and least successful regulatory technique in American law, the book explains why it fails and cannot be fixed. Mandated disclosure has been crafted to help people making unfamiliar and complex decisions while dealing with specialists ranging from lenders and doctors to vendors and the police. However, its effectiveness is hampered by a number of problems, not least of which is the “quantity question,” which comprises the “overload” problem and the “accumulation” problem. This introductory chapter discusses the reasons why mandated disclosure is appealing, including the fact that it resonates with the fundamental American principles of free market and autonomy, as well as the reasons why it can be considered a failure.Less
This book argues that mandated disclosure as a distinctive regulatory method routinely fails to achieve its ambitious goals. Describing “mandated disclosure” as perhaps the most common and least successful regulatory technique in American law, the book explains why it fails and cannot be fixed. Mandated disclosure has been crafted to help people making unfamiliar and complex decisions while dealing with specialists ranging from lenders and doctors to vendors and the police. However, its effectiveness is hampered by a number of problems, not least of which is the “quantity question,” which comprises the “overload” problem and the “accumulation” problem. This introductory chapter discusses the reasons why mandated disclosure is appealing, including the fact that it resonates with the fundamental American principles of free market and autonomy, as well as the reasons why it can be considered a failure.
Fabrizio Benedetti
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199559121
- eISBN:
- 9780191724022
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199559121.003.0009
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Systems
Cancer progression is not affected by placebo treatments; however symptoms can be reduced by placebos. Nocebo effects are crucially involved in anticipatory nausea and vomiting before a cancer ...
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Cancer progression is not affected by placebo treatments; however symptoms can be reduced by placebos. Nocebo effects are crucially involved in anticipatory nausea and vomiting before a cancer chemotherapy session, with a basic mechanism of classical conditioning. In sports medicine, physical performance in sports activities is boosted by placebos and this poses some important ethical questions about doping. Placebo surgery may induce improvement as well. However, surgical clinical trials with placebos raise many ethical questions. Some alternative and complementary therapies, like acupuncture, have both a specific effect and a big placebo component. It is also important to realize that placebo and placebo-related effects represent a good model for the better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the patient-provider interaction.Less
Cancer progression is not affected by placebo treatments; however symptoms can be reduced by placebos. Nocebo effects are crucially involved in anticipatory nausea and vomiting before a cancer chemotherapy session, with a basic mechanism of classical conditioning. In sports medicine, physical performance in sports activities is boosted by placebos and this poses some important ethical questions about doping. Placebo surgery may induce improvement as well. However, surgical clinical trials with placebos raise many ethical questions. Some alternative and complementary therapies, like acupuncture, have both a specific effect and a big placebo component. It is also important to realize that placebo and placebo-related effects represent a good model for the better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the patient-provider interaction.
