Asifa Hussain and William Miller
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199280711
- eISBN:
- 9780191604102
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199280711.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
Questions in the 2003 Scottish Social Attitudes Survey were used to compare Islamophobia with four other Scottish phobias: sectarianism (primarily anti-Catholic), and phobias about Europe, Asylum ...
More
Questions in the 2003 Scottish Social Attitudes Survey were used to compare Islamophobia with four other Scottish phobias: sectarianism (primarily anti-Catholic), and phobias about Europe, Asylum seekers, and ‘the auld enemy’(England). Social factors affected all phobias the same way, but political factors discriminated. Conservative voters scored low on Anglophobia but high on every other phobia; SNP voters scored high on Anglophobia but not on other phobias. This suggested that Anglophobia itself displaced Islamophobia by providing another target, and that England itself helped reduce within-Scotland phobias by providing Scots with a common, external and very significant ‘other’. Scotland is too small, too peripheral, and too insignificant to play a corresponding role in displacing phobias within England. However, by stimulating English nationalism without providing a truly significant ‘other’, Scottish nationalism may actually increase Islamophobia in England, but not in Scotland.Less
Questions in the 2003 Scottish Social Attitudes Survey were used to compare Islamophobia with four other Scottish phobias: sectarianism (primarily anti-Catholic), and phobias about Europe, Asylum seekers, and ‘the auld enemy’(England). Social factors affected all phobias the same way, but political factors discriminated. Conservative voters scored low on Anglophobia but high on every other phobia; SNP voters scored high on Anglophobia but not on other phobias. This suggested that Anglophobia itself displaced Islamophobia by providing another target, and that England itself helped reduce within-Scotland phobias by providing Scots with a common, external and very significant ‘other’. Scotland is too small, too peripheral, and too insignificant to play a corresponding role in displacing phobias within England. However, by stimulating English nationalism without providing a truly significant ‘other’, Scottish nationalism may actually increase Islamophobia in England, but not in Scotland.
Gil Loescher
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199246915
- eISBN:
- 9780191599781
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199246912.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The 1990s ushered in a new era in which humanitarian issues played a historically unprecedented role in international politics. Refugee movements in northern Iraq, Somalia, former Yugoslavia, and ...
More
The 1990s ushered in a new era in which humanitarian issues played a historically unprecedented role in international politics. Refugee movements in northern Iraq, Somalia, former Yugoslavia, and Haiti were the subject of increasing discussion in political and military fora such as the UN Security Council and NATO. Forced displacements were also at the centre of crises in the African Great Lakes region, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Albania, Kosovo, and East Timor. The eighth High Commissioner, Sadako Ogata, initiated changes within UNHCR that permitted it to respond to internal displacements in ongoing civil wars as well as to promote mass repatriation movements to countries of origin in Central America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. These events have significant implications for the protection of refugees and for the future of humanitarianism.Less
The 1990s ushered in a new era in which humanitarian issues played a historically unprecedented role in international politics. Refugee movements in northern Iraq, Somalia, former Yugoslavia, and Haiti were the subject of increasing discussion in political and military fora such as the UN Security Council and NATO. Forced displacements were also at the centre of crises in the African Great Lakes region, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Albania, Kosovo, and East Timor. The eighth High Commissioner, Sadako Ogata, initiated changes within UNHCR that permitted it to respond to internal displacements in ongoing civil wars as well as to promote mass repatriation movements to countries of origin in Central America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. These events have significant implications for the protection of refugees and for the future of humanitarianism.
You‐tien Hsing
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199568048
- eISBN:
- 9780191721632
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199568048.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
Chapter 3 examines two types of grassroots resistance in Beijing triggered by inner‐city redevelopment. One concerns property rights protests launched by pre‐Revolution private ...
More
Chapter 3 examines two types of grassroots resistance in Beijing triggered by inner‐city redevelopment. One concerns property rights protests launched by pre‐Revolution private homeowners; the other focuses on residents' rights protests by long‐term inner‐city residents displaced by redevelopment projects. The homeowners succeeded in recovering their pre‐Revolution homeownership, and their protests quickly escalated to challenge the more fundamental issue of the state's exclusive claim over land and land rents. The displaced residents, on the other hand, framed their grievances and demands not as property owners, but as residents whose livelihood is rooted in the inner city. While both groups used legalistic and territorial strategies to negotiate with the state and to expand mobilization networks, the expansion of their demands from property rights to residents' rights is particularly meaningful in the pursuit of citizenship rights.Less
Chapter 3 examines two types of grassroots resistance in Beijing triggered by inner‐city redevelopment. One concerns property rights protests launched by pre‐Revolution private homeowners; the other focuses on residents' rights protests by long‐term inner‐city residents displaced by redevelopment projects. The homeowners succeeded in recovering their pre‐Revolution homeownership, and their protests quickly escalated to challenge the more fundamental issue of the state's exclusive claim over land and land rents. The displaced residents, on the other hand, framed their grievances and demands not as property owners, but as residents whose livelihood is rooted in the inner city. While both groups used legalistic and territorial strategies to negotiate with the state and to expand mobilization networks, the expansion of their demands from property rights to residents' rights is particularly meaningful in the pursuit of citizenship rights.
You‐tien Hsing
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199568048
- eISBN:
- 9780191721632
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199568048.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
Chapter 7 looks at peasants who lost their land to urban expansion in the last three decades. It seeks a territorial explanation for the gap between the magnitude of peasants' ...
More
Chapter 7 looks at peasants who lost their land to urban expansion in the last three decades. It seeks a territorial explanation for the gap between the magnitude of peasants' grievances and the low frequency of protests on the one hand, and peasant's mobilizational capacity on the other. It argues that the mobilizational capacity of peasants is undermined by the snowballing effect of forced relocation. Forced relocation often leads to the deterioration of villagers' household financial status, disintegration of village organization, and rupture of collective identity, all of which contribute to village deterritorialization. More specifically, relocation produces deterritorialization through nebulous compensation negotiations that undermine mutual trust within villages, phased demolition and relocation that gradually destroy the physical environment and village solidarity, and switching peasants' status from members of village collectives to urban residents, thereby splitting villagers' interests. These moves weaken villagers' potential for successful collective action.Less
Chapter 7 looks at peasants who lost their land to urban expansion in the last three decades. It seeks a territorial explanation for the gap between the magnitude of peasants' grievances and the low frequency of protests on the one hand, and peasant's mobilizational capacity on the other. It argues that the mobilizational capacity of peasants is undermined by the snowballing effect of forced relocation. Forced relocation often leads to the deterioration of villagers' household financial status, disintegration of village organization, and rupture of collective identity, all of which contribute to village deterritorialization. More specifically, relocation produces deterritorialization through nebulous compensation negotiations that undermine mutual trust within villages, phased demolition and relocation that gradually destroy the physical environment and village solidarity, and switching peasants' status from members of village collectives to urban residents, thereby splitting villagers' interests. These moves weaken villagers' potential for successful collective action.
Arthur C. Helton
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199250318
- eISBN:
- 9780191599477
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199250316.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
In the 1990s, new conflicts broke out, particularly in connection with the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, as well as several ...
More
In the 1990s, new conflicts broke out, particularly in connection with the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, as well as several places in Africa. Initiatives were invented and re‐invented, and policy responses reverted to a largely reactive mode.Ethnic and internal conflicts, which produced displacement emerged as key features of the decade, and sorely tested the capacity of the international community to respond to crises of forced displacement. The so‐called ‘CNN effect”’ led to engagement as well as disengagement (Somalia) and the term ‘nation building’ came into vogue and then later became an epithet. At the outset of the twenty‐first century, refugee policy is driven by selective apathy and creeping trepidation.Less
In the 1990s, new conflicts broke out, particularly in connection with the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, as well as several places in Africa. Initiatives were invented and re‐invented, and policy responses reverted to a largely reactive mode.
Ethnic and internal conflicts, which produced displacement emerged as key features of the decade, and sorely tested the capacity of the international community to respond to crises of forced displacement. The so‐called ‘CNN effect”’ led to engagement as well as disengagement (Somalia) and the term ‘nation building’ came into vogue and then later became an epithet. At the outset of the twenty‐first century, refugee policy is driven by selective apathy and creeping trepidation.
Arthur C. Helton
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199250318
- eISBN:
- 9780191599477
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199250316.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Duplication of efforts is endemic in the humanitarian ‘new economy’ that has emerged over the past decade, and gaps are more prevalent than structure in international humanitarian action. Any future ...
More
Duplication of efforts is endemic in the humanitarian ‘new economy’ that has emerged over the past decade, and gaps are more prevalent than structure in international humanitarian action. Any future impetus for reform of the humanitarian components of the UN, moreover, must come from outside system, if at all. The problem of internal displacement could provide this impetus. Nevertheless, decisive reform is needed, and the bureaucratic trend is clear —consolidation of the varieties of entities and functions involved in the provision of humanitarian assistance and protection in order to become more effective. This trend should be promoted and institutionalized. Ultimately what is needed is a consolidated UN humanitarian agency with a fully integrated budget and programme, an Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) with budgetary, and programmatic authority.Less
Duplication of efforts is endemic in the humanitarian ‘new economy’ that has emerged over the past decade, and gaps are more prevalent than structure in international humanitarian action. Any future impetus for reform of the humanitarian components of the UN, moreover, must come from outside system, if at all. The problem of internal displacement could provide this impetus. Nevertheless, decisive reform is needed, and the bureaucratic trend is clear —consolidation of the varieties of entities and functions involved in the provision of humanitarian assistance and protection in order to become more effective. This trend should be promoted and institutionalized. Ultimately what is needed is a consolidated UN humanitarian agency with a fully integrated budget and programme, an Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) with budgetary, and programmatic authority.
Arthur C. Helton
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199250318
- eISBN:
- 9780191599477
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199250316.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Different policy futures could result from preferences such as containment, international cooperation, or taking a proactive approach. The continuing problem of forced displacement makes ...
More
Different policy futures could result from preferences such as containment, international cooperation, or taking a proactive approach. The continuing problem of forced displacement makes international cooperation and proactive policy important objectives. Yet, achieving cooperative arrangements in the midst of crisis can be difficult. Policy reform may thus depend on marshalling and promoting a variety of counter‐intuitive factors and motivations in advance of crisis—i.e., leadership. In order to foster more international cooperation on refugee arrangements, an international organizational mechanism is needed to map out the interests and incentives to promote more concerted and sustainable humanitarian policy.Less
Different policy futures could result from preferences such as containment, international cooperation, or taking a proactive approach. The continuing problem of forced displacement makes international cooperation and proactive policy important objectives. Yet, achieving cooperative arrangements in the midst of crisis can be difficult. Policy reform may thus depend on marshalling and promoting a variety of counter‐intuitive factors and motivations in advance of crisis—i.e., leadership. In order to foster more international cooperation on refugee arrangements, an international organizational mechanism is needed to map out the interests and incentives to promote more concerted and sustainable humanitarian policy.
Anton Hemerijck and Martin Schludi
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199240883
- eISBN:
- 9780191600173
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199240884.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The chapter examines the dynamics of policy responses and their ultimate effectiveness. It identifies typical sequences of policy failures, caused by the misfit between new problems and existing ...
More
The chapter examines the dynamics of policy responses and their ultimate effectiveness. It identifies typical sequences of policy failures, caused by the misfit between new problems and existing policy legacies, which may generate processes of policy learning that ultimately produce effective solutions; but it also points to instances in which policy learning is blocked by conflicts of interest or by divergent cognitive orientations in multi‐actor institutional settings. Of equal importance are sequences of lateral spillovers, where the solutions to problems in one policy area generate new problems that subsequently must be dealt with in adjacent policy areas. In the 1970s and 1980s, these spillovers were most important in countries where the rise of open unemployment was mitigated by resort to early retirement and disability pensions. In analysing these sequences of policy failure, learning, and problem displacement, the chapter also compares and assesses the greater or lesser effectiveness of the policy responses actually adopted and identifies successful countries that were able to adjust to the challenges of the open economy without abandoning their welfare‐state goals.Less
The chapter examines the dynamics of policy responses and their ultimate effectiveness. It identifies typical sequences of policy failures, caused by the misfit between new problems and existing policy legacies, which may generate processes of policy learning that ultimately produce effective solutions; but it also points to instances in which policy learning is blocked by conflicts of interest or by divergent cognitive orientations in multi‐actor institutional settings. Of equal importance are sequences of lateral spillovers, where the solutions to problems in one policy area generate new problems that subsequently must be dealt with in adjacent policy areas. In the 1970s and 1980s, these spillovers were most important in countries where the rise of open unemployment was mitigated by resort to early retirement and disability pensions. In analysing these sequences of policy failure, learning, and problem displacement, the chapter also compares and assesses the greater or lesser effectiveness of the policy responses actually adopted and identifies successful countries that were able to adjust to the challenges of the open economy without abandoning their welfare‐state goals.
Stephen D. Cohen
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195179354
- eISBN:
- 9780199783779
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179354.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
One of the less contentious issues surrounding MNCs is their significant and still increasing impact on international trade flows and policy. This trend is the result of increasing reliance by large ...
More
One of the less contentious issues surrounding MNCs is their significant and still increasing impact on international trade flows and policy. This trend is the result of increasing reliance by large manufacturing companies on FDI as an alternative to exporting to sell their goods and services to customers in other countries. This chapter surveys the data demonstrating the extent to which FDI has displaced exports as a marketing vehicle and altered the product composition of many countries' exports and imports. It presents several country case studies to provide more specific and detailed insight into changing national trade patterns. The other two topics discussed at length are the questions first, of the likely extent that the proliferation of FDI has decreased national exports and jobs, and second, of the extent to which FDI proliferation has rendered traditional trade theory largely or totally obsolete.Less
One of the less contentious issues surrounding MNCs is their significant and still increasing impact on international trade flows and policy. This trend is the result of increasing reliance by large manufacturing companies on FDI as an alternative to exporting to sell their goods and services to customers in other countries. This chapter surveys the data demonstrating the extent to which FDI has displaced exports as a marketing vehicle and altered the product composition of many countries' exports and imports. It presents several country case studies to provide more specific and detailed insight into changing national trade patterns. The other two topics discussed at length are the questions first, of the likely extent that the proliferation of FDI has decreased national exports and jobs, and second, of the extent to which FDI proliferation has rendered traditional trade theory largely or totally obsolete.
D. A. Bini, G. Latouche, and B. Meini
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198527688
- eISBN:
- 9780191713286
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198527688.003.0002
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Numerical Analysis
This chapter describes structural and computational properties which are the basis of the design and analysis of fast algorithms for the numerical solution of structured Markov chains. Toeplitz ...
More
This chapter describes structural and computational properties which are the basis of the design and analysis of fast algorithms for the numerical solution of structured Markov chains. Toeplitz matrices, circulant and z-circulant matrices with their block analogs are introduced together with the fast algorithms for their manipulation. The concept of discrete Fourier transform is recalled with the FFT algorithm for its computation. Attention is given to the concept of displacement operator and of displacement rank needed to design efficient algorithms for a wide class of matrices related to Toeplitz matrices.Less
This chapter describes structural and computational properties which are the basis of the design and analysis of fast algorithms for the numerical solution of structured Markov chains. Toeplitz matrices, circulant and z-circulant matrices with their block analogs are introduced together with the fast algorithms for their manipulation. The concept of discrete Fourier transform is recalled with the FFT algorithm for its computation. Attention is given to the concept of displacement operator and of displacement rank needed to design efficient algorithms for a wide class of matrices related to Toeplitz matrices.
D. A. Bini, G. Latouche, and B. Meini
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198527688
- eISBN:
- 9780191713286
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198527688.003.0005
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Numerical Analysis
In this chapter a series of processes with a variety of transition structures are considered and their analysis is presented in a unifying manner. These processes are grouped under the generic name ...
More
In this chapter a series of processes with a variety of transition structures are considered and their analysis is presented in a unifying manner. These processes are grouped under the generic name of Phase-type queues, they include G/M/1-type Markov chains, QBD processes, Markov chains with Toeplitz-like transitions and limited displacements (non-skip-free), and tree-like processes. A duality property between M/G/1 and G/M/1 Markov chains is described and a reduction of M/G/1 and G/M/1 Markov chains to QBD is analysed.Less
In this chapter a series of processes with a variety of transition structures are considered and their analysis is presented in a unifying manner. These processes are grouped under the generic name of Phase-type queues, they include G/M/1-type Markov chains, QBD processes, Markov chains with Toeplitz-like transitions and limited displacements (non-skip-free), and tree-like processes. A duality property between M/G/1 and G/M/1 Markov chains is described and a reduction of M/G/1 and G/M/1 Markov chains to QBD is analysed.
Dawn Chatty and Bill Finlayson (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264591
- eISBN:
- 9780191734397
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264591.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This book explores the extent to which forced migration has become a defining feature of life in the Middle East and North Africa. The chapters present research on refugees, internally displaced ...
More
This book explores the extent to which forced migration has become a defining feature of life in the Middle East and North Africa. The chapters present research on refugees, internally displaced peoples, as well as ‘those who remain’, from Afghanistan in the East to Morocco in the West. Dealing with the dispossession and displacement of waves of peoples forced into the region at the end of World War I, and the Palestinian dispossession after World War II, the volume also examines the plight of the nearly 4 million Iraqis who have fled their country or been internally displaced since 1990. The chapters are grouped around four related themes — displacement, repatriation, identity in exile and refugee policy — providing a significant contribution to this developing area of contemporary research.Less
This book explores the extent to which forced migration has become a defining feature of life in the Middle East and North Africa. The chapters present research on refugees, internally displaced peoples, as well as ‘those who remain’, from Afghanistan in the East to Morocco in the West. Dealing with the dispossession and displacement of waves of peoples forced into the region at the end of World War I, and the Palestinian dispossession after World War II, the volume also examines the plight of the nearly 4 million Iraqis who have fled their country or been internally displaced since 1990. The chapters are grouped around four related themes — displacement, repatriation, identity in exile and refugee policy — providing a significant contribution to this developing area of contemporary research.
Shehzad Nadeem
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691147871
- eISBN:
- 9781400836697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691147871.003.0005
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter examines how transnational companies make use of what it calls time arbitrage—the exploitation of time discrepancies between geographical labor markets to make a profit. The extension of ...
More
This chapter examines how transnational companies make use of what it calls time arbitrage—the exploitation of time discrepancies between geographical labor markets to make a profit. The extension of work hours through global outsourcing raises the possibility of a 24-hour work cycle. This means long hours for offshore Indian workers. The other option is the direct adoption of Western timings in offshore offices. This translates into permanent night shifts for workers as spatial and temporal disorientation are neatly combined. The chapter considers the impact of offshore workers' long, busy, and odd hours on family and friends as well as mental and physical health. It highlights the tension between the network time of corporate globalization and the prosaic rhythms of ordinary life. It shows that time arbitrage has resulted in long work hours, an intense work pace, and temporal displacement among Indian offshore workers.Less
This chapter examines how transnational companies make use of what it calls time arbitrage—the exploitation of time discrepancies between geographical labor markets to make a profit. The extension of work hours through global outsourcing raises the possibility of a 24-hour work cycle. This means long hours for offshore Indian workers. The other option is the direct adoption of Western timings in offshore offices. This translates into permanent night shifts for workers as spatial and temporal disorientation are neatly combined. The chapter considers the impact of offshore workers' long, busy, and odd hours on family and friends as well as mental and physical health. It highlights the tension between the network time of corporate globalization and the prosaic rhythms of ordinary life. It shows that time arbitrage has resulted in long work hours, an intense work pace, and temporal displacement among Indian offshore workers.
Nicholas S. Hopkins and Sohair R. Mehanna (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789774164019
- eISBN:
- 9781617970382
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774164019.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This is a retrospective look at a major investigation of the culture of a displaced people. In the 1960s, the construction of the Aswan High Dam occasioned the forced displacement of a large part of ...
More
This is a retrospective look at a major investigation of the culture of a displaced people. In the 1960s, the construction of the Aswan High Dam occasioned the forced displacement of a large part of the Nubian population. Beginning in 1960, anthropologists at the American University in Cairo's Social Research Center undertook a survey of the Nubians to be moved and those already outside their historic homeland. The goal was to record and analyze Nubian culture and social organization, to create a record for the future, and to preserve a body of information on which scholars and officials could draw. This book chronicles the research carried out by an international team with the cooperation of many Nubians. Gathered here into one volume are chapters, which are reprinted, that provide a valuable resource of research data on the Nubian project, as well as photographs taken during the field study that document ways of life that have long since disappeared.Less
This is a retrospective look at a major investigation of the culture of a displaced people. In the 1960s, the construction of the Aswan High Dam occasioned the forced displacement of a large part of the Nubian population. Beginning in 1960, anthropologists at the American University in Cairo's Social Research Center undertook a survey of the Nubians to be moved and those already outside their historic homeland. The goal was to record and analyze Nubian culture and social organization, to create a record for the future, and to preserve a body of information on which scholars and officials could draw. This book chronicles the research carried out by an international team with the cooperation of many Nubians. Gathered here into one volume are chapters, which are reprinted, that provide a valuable resource of research data on the Nubian project, as well as photographs taken during the field study that document ways of life that have long since disappeared.
Harald Krebs
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195116236
- eISBN:
- 9780199871308
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195116236.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition
This book, written in the form of a series of dialogues between the Schumannian characters Florestan and Eusebius, proposes a theory of metrical conflict that rigorously develops the metaphorical ...
More
This book, written in the form of a series of dialogues between the Schumannian characters Florestan and Eusebius, proposes a theory of metrical conflict that rigorously develops the metaphorical application of the concepts of consonance and dissonance to metrical phenomena. An introductory chapter traces the history of this metaphor from its origins in the early 19th century through to the 20th century. In a series of theoretical chapters, the book then presents detailed descriptions of various types of metrical dissonances (particularly important types are grouping dissonance — based on the association of incongruent metrical layers, and displacement dissonance — based on the non-aligned presentation of congruent layers); a system of labels to characterize specific dissonances; explanations of musical processes that arise from the formation, manipulation, and resolution of these dissonances; and a discussion of the interaction of metrical dissonance with pitch structure, form, and extramusical elements. The emphasis throughout is on the description of the ever-changing metrical states within pieces of music, and on the characterization of the metrical progressions formed by these changing states. The theoretical chapters are interspersed with three intermezzi that adopt a historical or performance-related approach to the topic; these deal, respectively, with influences on Schumann's metrical style; with Schumann's compositional process as it relates to metrical dissonance; and with performance issues arising from metrically dissonant passages. Throughout the book, the theory is applied mainly in the analysis of Robert Schumann's music, but analyses of the music of 18th-century, other 19th-century, and early 20th-century composers are also included.Less
This book, written in the form of a series of dialogues between the Schumannian characters Florestan and Eusebius, proposes a theory of metrical conflict that rigorously develops the metaphorical application of the concepts of consonance and dissonance to metrical phenomena. An introductory chapter traces the history of this metaphor from its origins in the early 19th century through to the 20th century. In a series of theoretical chapters, the book then presents detailed descriptions of various types of metrical dissonances (particularly important types are grouping dissonance — based on the association of incongruent metrical layers, and displacement dissonance — based on the non-aligned presentation of congruent layers); a system of labels to characterize specific dissonances; explanations of musical processes that arise from the formation, manipulation, and resolution of these dissonances; and a discussion of the interaction of metrical dissonance with pitch structure, form, and extramusical elements. The emphasis throughout is on the description of the ever-changing metrical states within pieces of music, and on the characterization of the metrical progressions formed by these changing states. The theoretical chapters are interspersed with three intermezzi that adopt a historical or performance-related approach to the topic; these deal, respectively, with influences on Schumann's metrical style; with Schumann's compositional process as it relates to metrical dissonance; and with performance issues arising from metrically dissonant passages. Throughout the book, the theory is applied mainly in the analysis of Robert Schumann's music, but analyses of the music of 18th-century, other 19th-century, and early 20th-century composers are also included.
Harald Krebs
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195116236
- eISBN:
- 9780199871308
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195116236.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition
This chapter begins by discussing layers of motion and how they are formed (by accents, repeated patterns, etc.), then describes how the interaction of layers creates metrical consonance (alignment) ...
More
This chapter begins by discussing layers of motion and how they are formed (by accents, repeated patterns, etc.), then describes how the interaction of layers creates metrical consonance (alignment) or one of two basic types of dissonance (non-alignment) — grouping dissonance and displacement dissonance. Grouping dissonance arises from the association of incongruent layers, displacement dissonance from the non-aligned presentation of congruent layers. A system of succinct labels for grouping and displacement dissonances is developed. The concept of families of related grouping and displacement dissonances is discussed. Most of the chapter focuses, however, on finer distinctions between dissonances of both basic types: between those based on simultaneous and on adjacent presentation of layers (resulting in direct and indirect dissonances, respectively); between those arising from the actual articulation of conflicting layers (surface-level dissonances) and those arising from the conflict between locally consonant layers and layers only implied by the context (subliminal dissonances); between those that occur on micro-levels, on intermediate levels, and on hypermetric levels (low-, mid-, and high-level dissonances). Varying levels of intensity of dissonance and various possibilities for combinations of dissonances (compound dissonances) are also considered. All types of metrical dissonance are amply illustrated from the works of Robert Schumann.Less
This chapter begins by discussing layers of motion and how they are formed (by accents, repeated patterns, etc.), then describes how the interaction of layers creates metrical consonance (alignment) or one of two basic types of dissonance (non-alignment) — grouping dissonance and displacement dissonance. Grouping dissonance arises from the association of incongruent layers, displacement dissonance from the non-aligned presentation of congruent layers. A system of succinct labels for grouping and displacement dissonances is developed. The concept of families of related grouping and displacement dissonances is discussed. Most of the chapter focuses, however, on finer distinctions between dissonances of both basic types: between those based on simultaneous and on adjacent presentation of layers (resulting in direct and indirect dissonances, respectively); between those arising from the actual articulation of conflicting layers (surface-level dissonances) and those arising from the conflict between locally consonant layers and layers only implied by the context (subliminal dissonances); between those that occur on micro-levels, on intermediate levels, and on hypermetric levels (low-, mid-, and high-level dissonances). Varying levels of intensity of dissonance and various possibilities for combinations of dissonances (compound dissonances) are also considered. All types of metrical dissonance are amply illustrated from the works of Robert Schumann.
Ranabir Samaddar
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195388138
- eISBN:
- 9780199863440
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388138.003.0008
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy, Communities and Organizations
This chapter deals with refugee flows into India since independence, 1947. It discusses contradictions in state policy toward refugees and asylum policy. In this context it discusses various court ...
More
This chapter deals with refugee flows into India since independence, 1947. It discusses contradictions in state policy toward refugees and asylum policy. In this context it discusses various court decisions and the developing asylum jurisprudence in the country. The chapter argues that the relation between care and power is not a simple causal one, namely, that by caring one amasses power. The relation is complex. The arrangement of care does not simply flow from the sovereign legal authority at the top. The world of care is as multiple, heterogeneous, and segmented as the world of power. The heterogeneity of power builds up and draws on the heterogeneity of the act of caring. The more multiple this universe, the more complex the game.Less
This chapter deals with refugee flows into India since independence, 1947. It discusses contradictions in state policy toward refugees and asylum policy. In this context it discusses various court decisions and the developing asylum jurisprudence in the country. The chapter argues that the relation between care and power is not a simple causal one, namely, that by caring one amasses power. The relation is complex. The arrangement of care does not simply flow from the sovereign legal authority at the top. The world of care is as multiple, heterogeneous, and segmented as the world of power. The heterogeneity of power builds up and draws on the heterogeneity of the act of caring. The more multiple this universe, the more complex the game.
Jeffrey C. Alexander
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195160840
- eISBN:
- 9780199944156
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195160840.003.0014
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
This chapter explores the concept of the cultural sociology of evil. It explains that for every effort to institutionalize comforting and inspiring images of the socially good and right, there is an ...
More
This chapter explores the concept of the cultural sociology of evil. It explains that for every effort to institutionalize comforting and inspiring images of the socially good and right, there is an interlinked and equally determined effort to construct social evil in a horrendous, frightening, and equally realistic way. It discusses the systematic crystallization and elaboration of evil by institutions and societies in their pursuit of the good. It also discusses the intellectual roots of the displacement of evil, the displacement of evil in contemporary social science and the transgression and the affirmation of evil and good.Less
This chapter explores the concept of the cultural sociology of evil. It explains that for every effort to institutionalize comforting and inspiring images of the socially good and right, there is an interlinked and equally determined effort to construct social evil in a horrendous, frightening, and equally realistic way. It discusses the systematic crystallization and elaboration of evil by institutions and societies in their pursuit of the good. It also discusses the intellectual roots of the displacement of evil, the displacement of evil in contemporary social science and the transgression and the affirmation of evil and good.
Brandon C. Welsh and David P. Farrington
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195326215
- eISBN:
- 9780199943999
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326215.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This chapter discusses the methods used in the evidence-based approach to evaluating the effectiveness of crime-prevention measures, suggesting that crime prevention should be rational and based on ...
More
This chapter discusses the methods used in the evidence-based approach to evaluating the effectiveness of crime-prevention measures, suggesting that crime prevention should be rational and based on the best-possible evidence, and that it is also important to use the most rigorous methods to assess the available research evidence. It contends that assessing the value for money of crime-prevention programs is closely linked to evidence-based crime prevention. The chapter highlights the importance of considering the issues of displacement of crime and diffusion of crime-prevention benefits in reviewing the effectiveness of the major forms of surveillance that are used to prevent crimes.Less
This chapter discusses the methods used in the evidence-based approach to evaluating the effectiveness of crime-prevention measures, suggesting that crime prevention should be rational and based on the best-possible evidence, and that it is also important to use the most rigorous methods to assess the available research evidence. It contends that assessing the value for money of crime-prevention programs is closely linked to evidence-based crime prevention. The chapter highlights the importance of considering the issues of displacement of crime and diffusion of crime-prevention benefits in reviewing the effectiveness of the major forms of surveillance that are used to prevent crimes.
Eric Post
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691148472
- eISBN:
- 9781400846139
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691148472.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter discusses the niche concept. One of the earliest applications of the niche theory in quantitative ecology addressed the seemingly simple question of the extent to which the niches of two ...
More
This chapter discusses the niche concept. One of the earliest applications of the niche theory in quantitative ecology addressed the seemingly simple question of the extent to which the niches of two species can overlap and allow co-occurrence or coexistence of the species. This question grew out of the then recent development of the notions of limiting similarity and niche packing, according to which coexistence among species with similar resource requirements was assumed to be promoted through minimization of niche overlap through divergence in habitat utilization patterns or character displacement. The answer is highly relevant in the context of climate change, or of any environmental change in general. Fluctuation in abiotic conditions such as mean annual temperature may be seen as just as important, if not more so, to the persistence or maintenance of the degree of niche overlap that is tolerable for co-occurring species as the trend in abiotic conditions itself.Less
This chapter discusses the niche concept. One of the earliest applications of the niche theory in quantitative ecology addressed the seemingly simple question of the extent to which the niches of two species can overlap and allow co-occurrence or coexistence of the species. This question grew out of the then recent development of the notions of limiting similarity and niche packing, according to which coexistence among species with similar resource requirements was assumed to be promoted through minimization of niche overlap through divergence in habitat utilization patterns or character displacement. The answer is highly relevant in the context of climate change, or of any environmental change in general. Fluctuation in abiotic conditions such as mean annual temperature may be seen as just as important, if not more so, to the persistence or maintenance of the degree of niche overlap that is tolerable for co-occurring species as the trend in abiotic conditions itself.
