Mark Carey
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195396065
- eISBN:
- 9780199775682
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396065.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
As glacier retreat threatens people worldwide, this study raises crucial concerns about the successes, failures, and issues that societies might face as they grapple with climate change and shrinking ...
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As glacier retreat threatens people worldwide, this study raises crucial concerns about the successes, failures, and issues that societies might face as they grapple with climate change and shrinking glaciers. This case of climate change adaptation and hazard mitigation in response to glacier disasters over seventy years yields several broadly applicable conclusions. Residents living close to glaciers or in glacially fed watersheds endured the highest cost of glacier retreat because they lost their lives, families, and communities. Disaster responses brought new historical actors—scientists, engineers, water developers, tourists, the nation state, and most recently, the World Bank—to a region where these groups previously had little knowledge about or control over. Each group brought its own ideas about how to define, manage, and utilize the glaciated landscape. Power dynamics among the groups influenced environmental management policies and whose vision for the Andes, its glaciers, and its water ultimately won out.Less
As glacier retreat threatens people worldwide, this study raises crucial concerns about the successes, failures, and issues that societies might face as they grapple with climate change and shrinking glaciers. This case of climate change adaptation and hazard mitigation in response to glacier disasters over seventy years yields several broadly applicable conclusions. Residents living close to glaciers or in glacially fed watersheds endured the highest cost of glacier retreat because they lost their lives, families, and communities. Disaster responses brought new historical actors—scientists, engineers, water developers, tourists, the nation state, and most recently, the World Bank—to a region where these groups previously had little knowledge about or control over. Each group brought its own ideas about how to define, manage, and utilize the glaciated landscape. Power dynamics among the groups influenced environmental management policies and whose vision for the Andes, its glaciers, and its water ultimately won out.
Golam M. Mathbor
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195333619
- eISBN:
- 9780199918195
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195333619.003.0015
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This chapter discusses the role of social work in disaster relief and management. Social workers need to be prepared in anticipation of disaster rather than waiting until disaster strikes. Social ...
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This chapter discusses the role of social work in disaster relief and management. Social workers need to be prepared in anticipation of disaster rather than waiting until disaster strikes. Social work curricula need to incorporate disaster management so that a new generation of social workers will be trained and prepared for disasters. Ongoing training must also be developed for practicing social workers. However, social work has not yet developed or prioritized disaster management as an integral part of curriculum and practice. The social work profession is highly grounded in the principles of social justice and human rights. Its active involvement in disaster management is pivotal to creating a plan that links vulnerable populations to required resources before, during, and after a disaster.Less
This chapter discusses the role of social work in disaster relief and management. Social workers need to be prepared in anticipation of disaster rather than waiting until disaster strikes. Social work curricula need to incorporate disaster management so that a new generation of social workers will be trained and prepared for disasters. Ongoing training must also be developed for practicing social workers. However, social work has not yet developed or prioritized disaster management as an integral part of curriculum and practice. The social work profession is highly grounded in the principles of social justice and human rights. Its active involvement in disaster management is pivotal to creating a plan that links vulnerable populations to required resources before, during, and after a disaster.
Kanako Iuchi
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447323587
- eISBN:
- 9781447323617
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447323587.003.0013
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Urban Geography
This chapter examines the evolution of disaster management systems and its impact on land use controls that consider hazard mitigation, relying on examples from Japan, Indonesia, and the US, where ...
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This chapter examines the evolution of disaster management systems and its impact on land use controls that consider hazard mitigation, relying on examples from Japan, Indonesia, and the US, where various types of natural disasters have played a large role in articulating mitigation-reflected planning systems. Slovakian and German cases provide additional understanding. Analysis showed that mitigation-considered land use systems are likely to be enhanced after major disasters, and that efforts over the past decade – such as hazard mapping – have progressed in an effort to mitigate future disaster impacts. However, land use systems and disaster management systems are often implemented in parallel instead of being integrated, and hazard-reflected land use decisions often remain unrealized. Yet, involving local residents in the process provides some promising examples of mitigation-reflected land use. A process that values local participation is thus critical to advance spatial control for disaster impact mitigation.Less
This chapter examines the evolution of disaster management systems and its impact on land use controls that consider hazard mitigation, relying on examples from Japan, Indonesia, and the US, where various types of natural disasters have played a large role in articulating mitigation-reflected planning systems. Slovakian and German cases provide additional understanding. Analysis showed that mitigation-considered land use systems are likely to be enhanced after major disasters, and that efforts over the past decade – such as hazard mapping – have progressed in an effort to mitigate future disaster impacts. However, land use systems and disaster management systems are often implemented in parallel instead of being integrated, and hazard-reflected land use decisions often remain unrealized. Yet, involving local residents in the process provides some promising examples of mitigation-reflected land use. A process that values local participation is thus critical to advance spatial control for disaster impact mitigation.
Reinhard Mechler and K. M. Nabiul Islam
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199841936
- eISBN:
- 9780199950157
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199841936.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter discusses the potential of applying cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to the assessment of the economic efficiency of natural disaster risk management and climate adaptation projects. CBA is a ...
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This chapter discusses the potential of applying cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to the assessment of the economic efficiency of natural disaster risk management and climate adaptation projects. CBA is a standard tool for assessing the economic efficiency of projects and policies, yet it has generally not been applied sufficiently and robustly to climate adaptation and disaster risk management projects, particularly in a development assistance context. The analysis is contextualized by a case study on flood proofing homesteads against flood risk to riverine islands, known as Chars, in Bangladesh. We discuss the key methodological elements of our approach involving a consideration of the dynamic driving forces of hazard, vulnerability, and exposure. A key concept employed in this analysis is the probabilistic representation of risks by loss-frequency functions. We consider monetary and economic risks, which generate benefits when they are avoided, in terms of structural risk to dwellings, inventory risk, income risk and other potential losses, such as due to cleanup costs. While the results indicate that overall the options studied seem to be economically efficient based on CBA decision rules, we stress that estimating extreme event risk and the benefits of risk reduction is fraught with large and many uncertainties. These uncertainties importantly reduce the economic viability of options studied and should thus be factored into any decision process.Less
This chapter discusses the potential of applying cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to the assessment of the economic efficiency of natural disaster risk management and climate adaptation projects. CBA is a standard tool for assessing the economic efficiency of projects and policies, yet it has generally not been applied sufficiently and robustly to climate adaptation and disaster risk management projects, particularly in a development assistance context. The analysis is contextualized by a case study on flood proofing homesteads against flood risk to riverine islands, known as Chars, in Bangladesh. We discuss the key methodological elements of our approach involving a consideration of the dynamic driving forces of hazard, vulnerability, and exposure. A key concept employed in this analysis is the probabilistic representation of risks by loss-frequency functions. We consider monetary and economic risks, which generate benefits when they are avoided, in terms of structural risk to dwellings, inventory risk, income risk and other potential losses, such as due to cleanup costs. While the results indicate that overall the options studied seem to be economically efficient based on CBA decision rules, we stress that estimating extreme event risk and the benefits of risk reduction is fraught with large and many uncertainties. These uncertainties importantly reduce the economic viability of options studied and should thus be factored into any decision process.
Kanako Iuchi
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447323587
- eISBN:
- 9781447323617
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447323587.003.0002
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Urban Geography
Over the past several decades the Japanese government has iteratively improved institutional and legislative frameworks for risk management after major natural disasters. Recently, reducing spatial ...
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Over the past several decades the Japanese government has iteratively improved institutional and legislative frameworks for risk management after major natural disasters. Recently, reducing spatial vulnerability has been emphasized and laws related to land use and disaster management acts have been refined for implementation. Nevertheless, actual risk control via land use had been limited prior to the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 (GEJE). Since Japan has relatively little residential land compared to their large population, designating hazardous areas was considered impractical and financially infeasible. In post-GEJE rebuilding, however, a paradigm shift has been observed – land use control has been strictly enforced, with an unprecedented amount of land designated as hazardous. This chapter explains the foundation of the disaster management system and land use control in Japan by introducing institutional and legislative frameworks that relate to water-related disasters.Less
Over the past several decades the Japanese government has iteratively improved institutional and legislative frameworks for risk management after major natural disasters. Recently, reducing spatial vulnerability has been emphasized and laws related to land use and disaster management acts have been refined for implementation. Nevertheless, actual risk control via land use had been limited prior to the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 (GEJE). Since Japan has relatively little residential land compared to their large population, designating hazardous areas was considered impractical and financially infeasible. In post-GEJE rebuilding, however, a paradigm shift has been observed – land use control has been strictly enforced, with an unprecedented amount of land designated as hazardous. This chapter explains the foundation of the disaster management system and land use control in Japan by introducing institutional and legislative frameworks that relate to water-related disasters.
Stefan Greiving, Michio Ubaura, and Jaroslav Tesliar (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447323587
- eISBN:
- 9781447323617
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447323587.001.0001
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Urban Geography
Worldwide, the urban development and disaster management arena finds itself at a critical crossroad. This is driven by rapid urbanization (and de-urbanization) as well as a growing volume of damage ...
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Worldwide, the urban development and disaster management arena finds itself at a critical crossroad. This is driven by rapid urbanization (and de-urbanization) as well as a growing volume of damage caused by natural (and un-natural) disasters, which are increasingly affecting urban and rural inhabitants. Bearing this in mind, experiences from disaster management and especially from disaster recovery have led to advances in the field and an increase in the importance of the role of spatial planning. This book brings together experiences and knowledge of spatial planning after significant disasters, and highlights on-going efforts to improve spatial resilience across the globe. One of the main goals is to understand the influence of significant disasters on spatial planning and spatial resiliency under different legal-administrative and cultural framework conditions. In part A of the book, experts from Japan, Indonesia, USA, Slovakia and Germany write about their experiences and efforts to rebuild their communities in a more resilient manner after major disasters and thus give an overview of the state of the art. Part B gives a cross-country analysis of five important topics: Transformation of spatial planning after significant disasters, efforts in building spatial resilience after disasters, coordination in building spatial resilience, participation in rebuilding space more resilient and spatial planning under uncertainty. Part B further identifies key factors that can be shared throughout the countries and can be used for building back better.Less
Worldwide, the urban development and disaster management arena finds itself at a critical crossroad. This is driven by rapid urbanization (and de-urbanization) as well as a growing volume of damage caused by natural (and un-natural) disasters, which are increasingly affecting urban and rural inhabitants. Bearing this in mind, experiences from disaster management and especially from disaster recovery have led to advances in the field and an increase in the importance of the role of spatial planning. This book brings together experiences and knowledge of spatial planning after significant disasters, and highlights on-going efforts to improve spatial resilience across the globe. One of the main goals is to understand the influence of significant disasters on spatial planning and spatial resiliency under different legal-administrative and cultural framework conditions. In part A of the book, experts from Japan, Indonesia, USA, Slovakia and Germany write about their experiences and efforts to rebuild their communities in a more resilient manner after major disasters and thus give an overview of the state of the art. Part B gives a cross-country analysis of five important topics: Transformation of spatial planning after significant disasters, efforts in building spatial resilience after disasters, coordination in building spatial resilience, participation in rebuilding space more resilient and spatial planning under uncertainty. Part B further identifies key factors that can be shared throughout the countries and can be used for building back better.
Dori B. Reissman, Maryann M. D’Alessandro, Lisa Delaney, and John Piacentino
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- November 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190662677
- eISBN:
- 9780190662707
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0034
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter describes disaster worker protection strategies and health surveillance activities in terms of temporal phases to address disaster safety management before, during, and after a disaster ...
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This chapter describes disaster worker protection strategies and health surveillance activities in terms of temporal phases to address disaster safety management before, during, and after a disaster event. The protective strategies discussed in the chapter integrate assessments of on-scene hazards and health or safety impacts and require pre-event planning and coordination across multiple entities. The chapter also addresses the integration of physical, psychological and behavioral health approaches. The chapter addresses the complexities of hazard assessment and control, worker education and training, worker illness and injury surveillance, and access to healthcare services, along with a box on community preparedness. These activities are performed by diverse groups of occupational and environmental health professionals. Various illustrative examples are presented to describe how basic concepts of protection and medical evaluation are applied in specific situations. The U.S. federal system for protecting disaster rescue and recovery workers is described in detail.Less
This chapter describes disaster worker protection strategies and health surveillance activities in terms of temporal phases to address disaster safety management before, during, and after a disaster event. The protective strategies discussed in the chapter integrate assessments of on-scene hazards and health or safety impacts and require pre-event planning and coordination across multiple entities. The chapter also addresses the integration of physical, psychological and behavioral health approaches. The chapter addresses the complexities of hazard assessment and control, worker education and training, worker illness and injury surveillance, and access to healthcare services, along with a box on community preparedness. These activities are performed by diverse groups of occupational and environmental health professionals. Various illustrative examples are presented to describe how basic concepts of protection and medical evaluation are applied in specific situations. The U.S. federal system for protecting disaster rescue and recovery workers is described in detail.
Stefan Greiving
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447323587
- eISBN:
- 9781447323617
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447323587.003.0017
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Urban Geography
Decisions in the area of natural hazards are normally based on probabilities. However, the baseline trend is evolving due to climate change and other changing processes (demographic change, ...
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Decisions in the area of natural hazards are normally based on probabilities. However, the baseline trend is evolving due to climate change and other changing processes (demographic change, globalization etc.). In parallel, during the last years, the understanding of the role of government has been changed from a traditional approach where the state itself provides all kinds of public services to a model, which is characterized mainly by private services, while the state only guarantees the quality of those services that are of public interest. Thus, societies go from a “predict-and-control” type of governance systems to a more reflexive and adaptive practice of disaster risk management. The main aim of this chapter is to understand the extent to which present governance systems are capable of managing deep uncertainty related to future disasters, as well as to develop proposals and strategies to strengthen this response capacity.Less
Decisions in the area of natural hazards are normally based on probabilities. However, the baseline trend is evolving due to climate change and other changing processes (demographic change, globalization etc.). In parallel, during the last years, the understanding of the role of government has been changed from a traditional approach where the state itself provides all kinds of public services to a model, which is characterized mainly by private services, while the state only guarantees the quality of those services that are of public interest. Thus, societies go from a “predict-and-control” type of governance systems to a more reflexive and adaptive practice of disaster risk management. The main aim of this chapter is to understand the extent to which present governance systems are capable of managing deep uncertainty related to future disasters, as well as to develop proposals and strategies to strengthen this response capacity.
Saudamini Das
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- June 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199464784
- eISBN:
- 9780199086801
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199464784.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Regular occurrences of flood, drought, cyclones, and heat waves, occasional occurrences of hailstorm, whirlwind, tornado, and landslide and the consequent loss of lives and properties is a constant ...
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Regular occurrences of flood, drought, cyclones, and heat waves, occasional occurrences of hailstorm, whirlwind, tornado, and landslide and the consequent loss of lives and properties is a constant phenomenon in the state of Odisha. The state is ranked one of the most vulnerable in India and is called the disaster capital of the country. The chapter first provides some theoretical arguments and examples on natural disaster impact on national economies to make a case whether economic backwardness of Odisha can be linked to the natural disasters incidences as frequent disasters limit the capital accumulation and investment capacity of the people. Then a detailed description of the occurrences, the spatial spread, and the intensity of the four frequent disasters and a brief report on each of the other less frequent ones that has befallen the state is presented. Using some econometric analysis, the chapter shows the impact of severe disaster years on State’s Gross Domestic Product.Less
Regular occurrences of flood, drought, cyclones, and heat waves, occasional occurrences of hailstorm, whirlwind, tornado, and landslide and the consequent loss of lives and properties is a constant phenomenon in the state of Odisha. The state is ranked one of the most vulnerable in India and is called the disaster capital of the country. The chapter first provides some theoretical arguments and examples on natural disaster impact on national economies to make a case whether economic backwardness of Odisha can be linked to the natural disasters incidences as frequent disasters limit the capital accumulation and investment capacity of the people. Then a detailed description of the occurrences, the spatial spread, and the intensity of the four frequent disasters and a brief report on each of the other less frequent ones that has befallen the state is presented. Using some econometric analysis, the chapter shows the impact of severe disaster years on State’s Gross Domestic Product.
Daniel J. Clarke and Stefan Dercon
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- June 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198785576
- eISBN:
- 9780191827440
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198785576.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Good planning is based on an iterative dialogue among scientists, bureaucrats, implementers, and financiers about what or who is to be protected, how, and how much it will cost. A good plan will ...
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Good planning is based on an iterative dialogue among scientists, bureaucrats, implementers, and financiers about what or who is to be protected, how, and how much it will cost. A good plan will include a clear political statement before a disaster about these aspects of the plan. Useful political statements focus on target outcomes and leave the details on the ‘how’ to be worked out by the implementing agencies and financiers. Benefactors who want to maximize the development impact of their support should think through different natural disaster scenarios, assess what support they would provide in each scenario, and own up to this contingent liability when in discussions with other partners. Behavioural biases against good planning are strongest for the kinds of disasters that did not occur in the recent past—that is, for nearly all future disasters.Less
Good planning is based on an iterative dialogue among scientists, bureaucrats, implementers, and financiers about what or who is to be protected, how, and how much it will cost. A good plan will include a clear political statement before a disaster about these aspects of the plan. Useful political statements focus on target outcomes and leave the details on the ‘how’ to be worked out by the implementing agencies and financiers. Benefactors who want to maximize the development impact of their support should think through different natural disaster scenarios, assess what support they would provide in each scenario, and own up to this contingent liability when in discussions with other partners. Behavioural biases against good planning are strongest for the kinds of disasters that did not occur in the recent past—that is, for nearly all future disasters.
Gilles Carbonnier
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190491543
- eISBN:
- 9780190638467
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190491543.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter focuses on the distribution of disaster costs and benefits over both the short and long run, and looks at the humanitarian consequences of earthquakes, floods, drought, hurricanes and ...
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This chapter focuses on the distribution of disaster costs and benefits over both the short and long run, and looks at the humanitarian consequences of earthquakes, floods, drought, hurricanes and other natural hazards. The chapter discusses the rise of financial instruments such as disaster-risk insurance and risk-linked securities, which transfer disaster costs onto global capital markets. It examines the political-economy constraints that prevent the scaling-up of such financial products, and questions the role of public-private partnerships in overcoming these barriers.Less
This chapter focuses on the distribution of disaster costs and benefits over both the short and long run, and looks at the humanitarian consequences of earthquakes, floods, drought, hurricanes and other natural hazards. The chapter discusses the rise of financial instruments such as disaster-risk insurance and risk-linked securities, which transfer disaster costs onto global capital markets. It examines the political-economy constraints that prevent the scaling-up of such financial products, and questions the role of public-private partnerships in overcoming these barriers.
Daniel J. Clarke and Stefan Dercon
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- June 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198785576
- eISBN:
- 9780191827440
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198785576.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The world does not turn a blind eye to disasters. In fact, many disasters are followed by an outpouring of generosity. Despite such gestures, disaster responses often seem insufficient, slow, and not ...
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The world does not turn a blind eye to disasters. In fact, many disasters are followed by an outpouring of generosity. Despite such gestures, disaster responses often seem insufficient, slow, and not well coordinated, and recovery can take years. The main thesis of this book is that the impact of disasters can be dulled if three things are in place beforehand: (1) a coordinated plan for post-disaster action agreed in advance; (2) a fast, evidence-based decision-making process; and (3) financing on standby to ensure that the plan can be implemented. The solutions presented throughout this book are based on pre-agreed, pre-financed, rules-based plans that can be implemented after a disaster without the need for further political decisions or the hand-wringing that often follows a crisis.Less
The world does not turn a blind eye to disasters. In fact, many disasters are followed by an outpouring of generosity. Despite such gestures, disaster responses often seem insufficient, slow, and not well coordinated, and recovery can take years. The main thesis of this book is that the impact of disasters can be dulled if three things are in place beforehand: (1) a coordinated plan for post-disaster action agreed in advance; (2) a fast, evidence-based decision-making process; and (3) financing on standby to ensure that the plan can be implemented. The solutions presented throughout this book are based on pre-agreed, pre-financed, rules-based plans that can be implemented after a disaster without the need for further political decisions or the hand-wringing that often follows a crisis.
Daniel J. Clarke and Stefan Dercon
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- June 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198785576
- eISBN:
- 9780191827440
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198785576.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The post-disaster relationships between national and subnational governments, government and farmers, government and homeowners, and government and the international humanitarian system often take ...
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The post-disaster relationships between national and subnational governments, government and farmers, government and homeowners, and government and the international humanitarian system often take the form of a begging bowl, although there are notable exceptions. Begging bowls arise because of benefactors—the people who retain discretion over how to allocate their budgets after a disaster strikes. For beneficiaries, begging-bowl financing of disaster risk is fraught with uncertainty—they do not know what help to expect and when help will arrive. It can also undermine their incentives to invest in disaster risk reduction and preparedness. All of these factors can increase the economic and human costs of catastrophes. Even if a budget can be mobilized, ambiguity over how money will be executed can lead to a slow response and poor targeting.Less
The post-disaster relationships between national and subnational governments, government and farmers, government and homeowners, and government and the international humanitarian system often take the form of a begging bowl, although there are notable exceptions. Begging bowls arise because of benefactors—the people who retain discretion over how to allocate their budgets after a disaster strikes. For beneficiaries, begging-bowl financing of disaster risk is fraught with uncertainty—they do not know what help to expect and when help will arrive. It can also undermine their incentives to invest in disaster risk reduction and preparedness. All of these factors can increase the economic and human costs of catastrophes. Even if a budget can be mobilized, ambiguity over how money will be executed can lead to a slow response and poor targeting.
Gilles Carbonnier
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190491543
- eISBN:
- 9780190638467
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190491543.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Linking theory with policy and practice, this book is the first to introduce humanitarian economics as an emerging field of study that encompasses the economic and political economy dimensions of ...
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Linking theory with policy and practice, this book is the first to introduce humanitarian economics as an emerging field of study that encompasses the economic and political economy dimensions of war, disaster, terrorism and humanitarianism. The book illustrates how economic analysis can improve our understanding of humanitarian crises, and how it can inform humanitarian actors, be it for example in negotiating with armed groups or in capturing the ambiguous role of aid in conflict. The book addresses questions such as: how can we make sense of individual and group behaviour in situations of war and disaster? To what extent can and should economists incorporate emotions and altruism in their analysis? How do financial incentives influence kidnapping for ransom and the fate of prisoners? And in the case of disasters, what do catastrophe bonds and risk-linked securities hold for disaster risk reduction and management? As more actors enter the humanitarian marketplace–including private companies–this book explores the untapped potential of humanitarian economics. It illustrates how much humanitarians can learn from economists, and vice versa.Less
Linking theory with policy and practice, this book is the first to introduce humanitarian economics as an emerging field of study that encompasses the economic and political economy dimensions of war, disaster, terrorism and humanitarianism. The book illustrates how economic analysis can improve our understanding of humanitarian crises, and how it can inform humanitarian actors, be it for example in negotiating with armed groups or in capturing the ambiguous role of aid in conflict. The book addresses questions such as: how can we make sense of individual and group behaviour in situations of war and disaster? To what extent can and should economists incorporate emotions and altruism in their analysis? How do financial incentives influence kidnapping for ransom and the fate of prisoners? And in the case of disasters, what do catastrophe bonds and risk-linked securities hold for disaster risk reduction and management? As more actors enter the humanitarian marketplace–including private companies–this book explores the untapped potential of humanitarian economics. It illustrates how much humanitarians can learn from economists, and vice versa.
Ken Peach
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- December 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198796077
- eISBN:
- 9780191837234
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198796077.003.0015
- Subject:
- Physics, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
This chapter discusses what to do in the event of a disaster. Disaster is an overused word which can cover many things, from a mild annoyance to an absolute catastrophe. Here, a disaster is any ...
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This chapter discusses what to do in the event of a disaster. Disaster is an overused word which can cover many things, from a mild annoyance to an absolute catastrophe. Here, a disaster is any unexpected and unplanned event that severely curtails the ability to carry on ‘business as usual’. This could be because of a catastrophic event, such as a fire or an earthquake that destroys a significant part of the real estate including, perhaps, the main filing system, or something less physical but equally catastrophic like the sudden loss of significant funding or the simultaneous departure of several key personnel. Disasters do happen, albeit rarely. If disaster strikes, it will be very disruptive, but disaster management, with the help of a business continuity plan, a disaster team and a well-designed and tested recovery plan, will reduce its impact.Less
This chapter discusses what to do in the event of a disaster. Disaster is an overused word which can cover many things, from a mild annoyance to an absolute catastrophe. Here, a disaster is any unexpected and unplanned event that severely curtails the ability to carry on ‘business as usual’. This could be because of a catastrophic event, such as a fire or an earthquake that destroys a significant part of the real estate including, perhaps, the main filing system, or something less physical but equally catastrophic like the sudden loss of significant funding or the simultaneous departure of several key personnel. Disasters do happen, albeit rarely. If disaster strikes, it will be very disruptive, but disaster management, with the help of a business continuity plan, a disaster team and a well-designed and tested recovery plan, will reduce its impact.
Lawrence R. Walker
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199575299
- eISBN:
- 9780191774836
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199575299.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
Humans try to predict the timing and severity of disturbances to better reduce their negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services, yet disturbances are an integral part of our lives. To ...
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Humans try to predict the timing and severity of disturbances to better reduce their negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services, yet disturbances are an integral part of our lives. To survive, humans have adapted to disturbances that we cannot manage and manipulated those that we can. The recent and rapid growth of human populations has exacerbated interactions between humans and disturbances and made modern disaster management a necessary survival strategy. Expanding our knowledge about disturbance regimes (the sum of all disturbances at a given site) can help reduce future impacts. Wise stewardship of ecosystems includes conservation of natural areas and efficient restoration of ecosystems following a disturbance. It also includes managing the disturbance regime to maximize not just biodiversity or ecosystem services, but the particular use of a chosen parcel of land. This chapter first addresses historical management of disturbance through agriculture and aquaculture, then examines the goals and approaches of conservation and restoration.Less
Humans try to predict the timing and severity of disturbances to better reduce their negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services, yet disturbances are an integral part of our lives. To survive, humans have adapted to disturbances that we cannot manage and manipulated those that we can. The recent and rapid growth of human populations has exacerbated interactions between humans and disturbances and made modern disaster management a necessary survival strategy. Expanding our knowledge about disturbance regimes (the sum of all disturbances at a given site) can help reduce future impacts. Wise stewardship of ecosystems includes conservation of natural areas and efficient restoration of ecosystems following a disturbance. It also includes managing the disturbance regime to maximize not just biodiversity or ecosystem services, but the particular use of a chosen parcel of land. This chapter first addresses historical management of disturbance through agriculture and aquaculture, then examines the goals and approaches of conservation and restoration.
Alastair Stark
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198831990
- eISBN:
- 9780191869815
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198831990.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This book is animated by a simple but very important question. Can post-crisis inquiries deliver effective lesson-learning which will reduce our vulnerability to future threats? Conventional wisdom ...
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This book is animated by a simple but very important question. Can post-crisis inquiries deliver effective lesson-learning which will reduce our vulnerability to future threats? Conventional wisdom suggests that the answer to this question should be an emphatic no. Inquiries are regularly vilified as costly wastes of time that illuminate very little and change even less. This book, however, draws upon evidence from an international comparison of post-crisis inquiries in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom to show that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the post-crisis inquiry is an effective means of learning from disaster and that they consistently encourage policy reforms that enhance our resilience to future threats. This evidence is accompanied by a re-booted conceptualization of the public inquiry, which better recognizes the complexity of the modern state, the challenges of policy learning within it, and contemporary forms of public policy scholarship.Less
This book is animated by a simple but very important question. Can post-crisis inquiries deliver effective lesson-learning which will reduce our vulnerability to future threats? Conventional wisdom suggests that the answer to this question should be an emphatic no. Inquiries are regularly vilified as costly wastes of time that illuminate very little and change even less. This book, however, draws upon evidence from an international comparison of post-crisis inquiries in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom to show that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the post-crisis inquiry is an effective means of learning from disaster and that they consistently encourage policy reforms that enhance our resilience to future threats. This evidence is accompanied by a re-booted conceptualization of the public inquiry, which better recognizes the complexity of the modern state, the challenges of policy learning within it, and contemporary forms of public policy scholarship.
Jennifer Robertson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780520283190
- eISBN:
- 9780520959064
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520283190.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
Innovation 25 was introduced in 2007 as Prime Minister Abe’s visionary and futuristic blueprint for robotizing Japan by 2025. This policy proposal was supported by subsequent administrations and then ...
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Innovation 25 was introduced in 2007 as Prime Minister Abe’s visionary and futuristic blueprint for robotizing Japan by 2025. This policy proposal was supported by subsequent administrations and then revamped following Abe’s reelection in 2012. The conservative sociopolitical aspects of the proposal are elaborated and the use of graphic propaganda to promote Abe’s nationalist policies is reviewed. Members of the Innovation 25 Strategy Council are identified, and opposition to Innovation 25 is summarized. Corporate mismanagement in the aftermath of the trifold disaster of March 11, 2011 (3/11), is critiqued. Contrary to pre-disaster expectations, robots proved incapable of navigating the tsunami-damaged nuclear reactors in Fukushima. The Abe administration’s fostering of “robot dreams” among children and the general public is reviewed and characterized in terms of reactionary postmodernism.Less
Innovation 25 was introduced in 2007 as Prime Minister Abe’s visionary and futuristic blueprint for robotizing Japan by 2025. This policy proposal was supported by subsequent administrations and then revamped following Abe’s reelection in 2012. The conservative sociopolitical aspects of the proposal are elaborated and the use of graphic propaganda to promote Abe’s nationalist policies is reviewed. Members of the Innovation 25 Strategy Council are identified, and opposition to Innovation 25 is summarized. Corporate mismanagement in the aftermath of the trifold disaster of March 11, 2011 (3/11), is critiqued. Contrary to pre-disaster expectations, robots proved incapable of navigating the tsunami-damaged nuclear reactors in Fukushima. The Abe administration’s fostering of “robot dreams” among children and the general public is reviewed and characterized in terms of reactionary postmodernism.
Thomas Fisher
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780816698875
- eISBN:
- 9781452954264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816698875.003.0008
- Subject:
- Art, Design
This chapter considers the quantity rather than quality of infrastructure to figure out how much is enough. An issue that matters to municipalities with limited tax bases and the federal government’s ...
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This chapter considers the quantity rather than quality of infrastructure to figure out how much is enough. An issue that matters to municipalities with limited tax bases and the federal government’s management of catastrophic weather events’ infrastructure damage. The author suggests that the deficit in our infrastructure repair bill can only be solved if we address the issue of where and how we should—and shouldn’t—liveLess
This chapter considers the quantity rather than quality of infrastructure to figure out how much is enough. An issue that matters to municipalities with limited tax bases and the federal government’s management of catastrophic weather events’ infrastructure damage. The author suggests that the deficit in our infrastructure repair bill can only be solved if we address the issue of where and how we should—and shouldn’t—live
