Stefan Talmon
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199248391
- eISBN:
- 9780191715334
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199248391.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This book studies the recognition of governments in international law. It is based on an analysis of the diplomatic practice of states as well as decisions by national and international courts. It ...
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This book studies the recognition of governments in international law. It is based on an analysis of the diplomatic practice of states as well as decisions by national and international courts. It explores the two central questions of the recognition of governments: what are the meanings of the term ‘recognition’ and its variants in international law such as de facto, de jure, and diplomatic recognition?; and what is the effect of such recognition on the legal status of foreign authorities, and in particular, of governments in exile? Along the lines of these questions the study is organized in a general introduction and two main parts which are followed by three appendices: replies received from various states in response to a questionnaire on the recognition of governments, short profiles of authorities in exile claiming to be ‘governments’, and a list of treaties concluded by authorities in exile recognized as governments. The book is comprehensive in its analysis of the issues, and covers material of historical interest, as well as recent developments in Angola, Kuwait, and Haiti.Less
This book studies the recognition of governments in international law. It is based on an analysis of the diplomatic practice of states as well as decisions by national and international courts. It explores the two central questions of the recognition of governments: what are the meanings of the term ‘recognition’ and its variants in international law such as de facto, de jure, and diplomatic recognition?; and what is the effect of such recognition on the legal status of foreign authorities, and in particular, of governments in exile? Along the lines of these questions the study is organized in a general introduction and two main parts which are followed by three appendices: replies received from various states in response to a questionnaire on the recognition of governments, short profiles of authorities in exile claiming to be ‘governments’, and a list of treaties concluded by authorities in exile recognized as governments. The book is comprehensive in its analysis of the issues, and covers material of historical interest, as well as recent developments in Angola, Kuwait, and Haiti.
Jennifer Mori
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719082726
- eISBN:
- 9781781702703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719082726.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter seeks to strip the craft of the image of diplomacy as a ‘glamorous’ profession. The principal source base for this study is the private correspondence of c.50 diplomats and their ...
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This chapter seeks to strip the craft of the image of diplomacy as a ‘glamorous’ profession. The principal source base for this study is the private correspondence of c.50 diplomats and their families drawn from all ethnic groups in the British Isles. Postmodern approaches to history that inform other branches of the discipline are often greeted with a defensive hostility in international history. This study seeks rather to foster it, not through the rigorous application of theory to the interpretation of the past, but by the selective and sympathetic use of its concepts to elucidate aspects of human life and experience. This leads to the methodology employed namely the selective elucidation of diplomatic practice over time. The chapter also discusses cultural diplomacy before nongovernmental international organizations as a branch of international relations that can be defined in several ways.Less
This chapter seeks to strip the craft of the image of diplomacy as a ‘glamorous’ profession. The principal source base for this study is the private correspondence of c.50 diplomats and their families drawn from all ethnic groups in the British Isles. Postmodern approaches to history that inform other branches of the discipline are often greeted with a defensive hostility in international history. This study seeks rather to foster it, not through the rigorous application of theory to the interpretation of the past, but by the selective and sympathetic use of its concepts to elucidate aspects of human life and experience. This leads to the methodology employed namely the selective elucidation of diplomatic practice over time. The chapter also discusses cultural diplomacy before nongovernmental international organizations as a branch of international relations that can be defined in several ways.
Iver B. Neumann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449932
- eISBN:
- 9780801462993
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449932.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The 2010 WikiLeaks release of 250,000 U.S. diplomatic cables has made it eminently clear that there is a vast gulf between the public face of diplomacy and the opinions and actions that take place ...
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The 2010 WikiLeaks release of 250,000 U.S. diplomatic cables has made it eminently clear that there is a vast gulf between the public face of diplomacy and the opinions and actions that take place behind embassy doors. This book offers unprecedented access to the inner workings of a foreign ministry, and shows us how diplomacy is conducted on a day-to-day basis. Approaching contemporary diplomacy from an anthropological perspective, the book examines the various aspects of diplomatic work and practice, including immunity, permanent representation, diplomatic sociability, accreditation, and issues of gender equality. It shows that the diplomat working abroad and the diplomat at home are engaged in two different modes of knowledge production. Diplomats in the field focus primarily on gathering and processing information. In contrast, the diplomat based in his or her home capital is caught up in the seemingly endless production of texts: reports, speeches, position papers, and the like. The book leaves the reader with a keen sense of the practices of diplomacy: relations with foreign ministries, mediating between other people's positions while integrating personal and professional into a cohesive whole, adherence to compulsory routines and agendas, and, above all, the generation of knowledge. Yet even as they come to master such quotidian tasks, diplomats are regularly called upon to do exceptional things, such as negotiating peace.Less
The 2010 WikiLeaks release of 250,000 U.S. diplomatic cables has made it eminently clear that there is a vast gulf between the public face of diplomacy and the opinions and actions that take place behind embassy doors. This book offers unprecedented access to the inner workings of a foreign ministry, and shows us how diplomacy is conducted on a day-to-day basis. Approaching contemporary diplomacy from an anthropological perspective, the book examines the various aspects of diplomatic work and practice, including immunity, permanent representation, diplomatic sociability, accreditation, and issues of gender equality. It shows that the diplomat working abroad and the diplomat at home are engaged in two different modes of knowledge production. Diplomats in the field focus primarily on gathering and processing information. In contrast, the diplomat based in his or her home capital is caught up in the seemingly endless production of texts: reports, speeches, position papers, and the like. The book leaves the reader with a keen sense of the practices of diplomacy: relations with foreign ministries, mediating between other people's positions while integrating personal and professional into a cohesive whole, adherence to compulsory routines and agendas, and, above all, the generation of knowledge. Yet even as they come to master such quotidian tasks, diplomats are regularly called upon to do exceptional things, such as negotiating peace.
Graham Butler
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- August 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198795940
- eISBN:
- 9780191837128
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198795940.003.0018
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Private International Law
Not long after the establishment of supranational institutions in the aftermath of the Second World War, the early incarnations of the European Union (EU) began conducting diplomacy. Today, EU ...
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Not long after the establishment of supranational institutions in the aftermath of the Second World War, the early incarnations of the European Union (EU) began conducting diplomacy. Today, EU Delegations (EUDs) exist throughout the world, operating similar to full-scale diplomatic missions. The Treaty of Lisbon established the legal underpinnings for the European External Action Service (EEAS) as the diplomatic arm of the EU. Yet within the international legal framework, EUDs remain second-class to the missions of nation States. The EU thus has to use alternative legal means to form diplomatic missions. This chapter explores the legal framework of EU diplomatic relations, but also asks whether traditional missions to which the VCDR regime applies, can still be said to serve the needs of diplomacy in the twenty-first century, when States are no longer the ultimate holders of sovereignty, or the only actors in international relations.Less
Not long after the establishment of supranational institutions in the aftermath of the Second World War, the early incarnations of the European Union (EU) began conducting diplomacy. Today, EU Delegations (EUDs) exist throughout the world, operating similar to full-scale diplomatic missions. The Treaty of Lisbon established the legal underpinnings for the European External Action Service (EEAS) as the diplomatic arm of the EU. Yet within the international legal framework, EUDs remain second-class to the missions of nation States. The EU thus has to use alternative legal means to form diplomatic missions. This chapter explores the legal framework of EU diplomatic relations, but also asks whether traditional missions to which the VCDR regime applies, can still be said to serve the needs of diplomacy in the twenty-first century, when States are no longer the ultimate holders of sovereignty, or the only actors in international relations.
Adam Clulow
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231164283
- eISBN:
- 9780231535731
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231164283.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter discusses the shift in the nature of the Dutch East India Company's diplomatic practice—one that would not only alter the way it did business in Asia but would also have far-reaching ...
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This chapter discusses the shift in the nature of the Dutch East India Company's diplomatic practice—one that would not only alter the way it did business in Asia but would also have far-reaching consequences for the company's relationship with the Tokugawa regime. After the company's initial dealings in Japan, it eventually dropped the distant figure of the Stadhouder, or the “king of Holland,” in favor of the governor-general and the Batavia Castle. Yet, having accepted missions and letters from the “king of Holland” in 1609 and 1612, the Tokugawa Bakufu refused in 1627 to endorse the company's attempt to substitute one sovereign with another without preparing the ground for the transfer. The Japanese regime, which could simply reference its own diplomatic archives for proof of past assertions about Dutch power structures, held the company's representatives to their own statements about the Stadhouder and demand that they remain consistent.Less
This chapter discusses the shift in the nature of the Dutch East India Company's diplomatic practice—one that would not only alter the way it did business in Asia but would also have far-reaching consequences for the company's relationship with the Tokugawa regime. After the company's initial dealings in Japan, it eventually dropped the distant figure of the Stadhouder, or the “king of Holland,” in favor of the governor-general and the Batavia Castle. Yet, having accepted missions and letters from the “king of Holland” in 1609 and 1612, the Tokugawa Bakufu refused in 1627 to endorse the company's attempt to substitute one sovereign with another without preparing the ground for the transfer. The Japanese regime, which could simply reference its own diplomatic archives for proof of past assertions about Dutch power structures, held the company's representatives to their own statements about the Stadhouder and demand that they remain consistent.
Jenny Hale Pulsipher
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814753088
- eISBN:
- 9780814765272
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814753088.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter examines the blending of European and Amerindian diplomatic practices in the seventeenth century as both sides sought to find advantage over the other. It shows that the Europeans' ...
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This chapter examines the blending of European and Amerindian diplomatic practices in the seventeenth century as both sides sought to find advantage over the other. It shows that the Europeans' failure to conform to the Natives' diplomatic expectations undermined the delicate balance of cross-cultural alliance. As the European allies failed to fulfill their kin obligations, the Natives shifted their loyalties to those who would fulfill them, thus maintaining a balance of power between themselves and the European powers vying for control of the continent. As long as the Amerindians retained power in relation to the Europeans, they could maintain their diplomatic protocols, incorporating Europeans into their kinship networks. Two developments made maintaining the Amerindian ways of diplomacy increasingly difficult and, eventually, impossible. One was the booming European population, particularly in the English colonies. The other was the English defeat of France in the Seven Years' War, which resulted in the withdrawal of the French from the North American continent.Less
This chapter examines the blending of European and Amerindian diplomatic practices in the seventeenth century as both sides sought to find advantage over the other. It shows that the Europeans' failure to conform to the Natives' diplomatic expectations undermined the delicate balance of cross-cultural alliance. As the European allies failed to fulfill their kin obligations, the Natives shifted their loyalties to those who would fulfill them, thus maintaining a balance of power between themselves and the European powers vying for control of the continent. As long as the Amerindians retained power in relation to the Europeans, they could maintain their diplomatic protocols, incorporating Europeans into their kinship networks. Two developments made maintaining the Amerindian ways of diplomacy increasingly difficult and, eventually, impossible. One was the booming European population, particularly in the English colonies. The other was the English defeat of France in the Seven Years' War, which resulted in the withdrawal of the French from the North American continent.
Ji-Young Lee
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231179744
- eISBN:
- 9780231542173
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231179744.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter offers a comprehensive review of the tribute system, which shows that the existing literature has largely ignored the role played by less powerful East Asian states. It is in this ...
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This chapter offers a comprehensive review of the tribute system, which shows that the existing literature has largely ignored the role played by less powerful East Asian states. It is in this chapter that I suggest a new, more nuanced interpretation of the tribute system through the lens of “practices” rather than the “system.” The chapter then discusses in some details the concept of authority in the specific early modern East Asian context, while drawing on the writings of Chinese and Korean tributary envoys. The chapter also addresses questions of research design and explains the selection of case studies.Less
This chapter offers a comprehensive review of the tribute system, which shows that the existing literature has largely ignored the role played by less powerful East Asian states. It is in this chapter that I suggest a new, more nuanced interpretation of the tribute system through the lens of “practices” rather than the “system.” The chapter then discusses in some details the concept of authority in the specific early modern East Asian context, while drawing on the writings of Chinese and Korean tributary envoys. The chapter also addresses questions of research design and explains the selection of case studies.
Jennifer Mori
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719082726
- eISBN:
- 9781781702703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719082726.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
British diplomats were, first and foremost, watchers and their dispatches were dominated by the health and doings of the king, his ministers, and the fortunes of factions and favourites at court. ...
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British diplomats were, first and foremost, watchers and their dispatches were dominated by the health and doings of the king, his ministers, and the fortunes of factions and favourites at court. This chapter reports the instances of support for, or protest against, royal policies, both foreign and domestic, in addition to confrontations between major interest groups in the state, most notably the clergy, the military, the nobility and, occasionally, other corporate groups. Competent diplomacy therefore involved the maintenance of cordial communications and active diplomacy was devoted to the improvement of relations between states. Much has been made of the congress system's failings and its introduction affected diplomatic practice in important ways. In the process of doing so, the attention of the corps began to shift away from the doings of royals and nobles towards the public in its various manifestations.Less
British diplomats were, first and foremost, watchers and their dispatches were dominated by the health and doings of the king, his ministers, and the fortunes of factions and favourites at court. This chapter reports the instances of support for, or protest against, royal policies, both foreign and domestic, in addition to confrontations between major interest groups in the state, most notably the clergy, the military, the nobility and, occasionally, other corporate groups. Competent diplomacy therefore involved the maintenance of cordial communications and active diplomacy was devoted to the improvement of relations between states. Much has been made of the congress system's failings and its introduction affected diplomatic practice in important ways. In the process of doing so, the attention of the corps began to shift away from the doings of royals and nobles towards the public in its various manifestations.
Pascal Firges
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- February 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198759966
- eISBN:
- 9780191820472
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198759966.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This book examines the political and cultural impact of the French Revolution on Franco-Ottoman relations, as well as on the French communities of the Ottoman Empire. The French Revolution did not ...
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This book examines the political and cultural impact of the French Revolution on Franco-Ottoman relations, as well as on the French communities of the Ottoman Empire. The French Revolution did not happen in metropolitan France alone; it also had a direct and immediate impact in other places in the world, and in particular in localities with strong ties with mainland France. The major trading cities of the Ottoman Empire were such a case, especially so because they were home to permanent French communities. Our current interpretation of revolutionary ideological expansionism is very much influenced by contemporary propaganda as well as the efforts to export the Revolution into the territories conquered by the revolutionary armies. Against all expectations, however, French revolutionaries in the Ottoman Empire exhibited neither a ‘crusading mentality’ nor a heightened readiness to use force in order to achieve ideological goals. Instead, in matters of diplomacy as well as in the administration of French expatriate communities, revolutionary policies were applied in an extremely circumspect fashion. The focus on the effects of the French regime change outside of France offers valuable new insights into the revolutionary process itself, which revises common assumptions about French revolutionary diplomatic practice. In addition, a close look at the establishment of the new political culture of the French Revolution within the transcultural context of the French expatriate communities of the Ottoman Empire serves as a thought-provoking point of comparison for the emergence and development of French revolutionary political culture.Less
This book examines the political and cultural impact of the French Revolution on Franco-Ottoman relations, as well as on the French communities of the Ottoman Empire. The French Revolution did not happen in metropolitan France alone; it also had a direct and immediate impact in other places in the world, and in particular in localities with strong ties with mainland France. The major trading cities of the Ottoman Empire were such a case, especially so because they were home to permanent French communities. Our current interpretation of revolutionary ideological expansionism is very much influenced by contemporary propaganda as well as the efforts to export the Revolution into the territories conquered by the revolutionary armies. Against all expectations, however, French revolutionaries in the Ottoman Empire exhibited neither a ‘crusading mentality’ nor a heightened readiness to use force in order to achieve ideological goals. Instead, in matters of diplomacy as well as in the administration of French expatriate communities, revolutionary policies were applied in an extremely circumspect fashion. The focus on the effects of the French regime change outside of France offers valuable new insights into the revolutionary process itself, which revises common assumptions about French revolutionary diplomatic practice. In addition, a close look at the establishment of the new political culture of the French Revolution within the transcultural context of the French expatriate communities of the Ottoman Empire serves as a thought-provoking point of comparison for the emergence and development of French revolutionary political culture.
