Kathleen L. Poston
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195393484
- eISBN:
- 9780199914494
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393484.003.0051
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System, Techniques
Recent advances in imaging technology provide new means of assessing atypical parkinsonian patients and offer both clinicians and researchers more accurate differential diagnoses than history and ...
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Recent advances in imaging technology provide new means of assessing atypical parkinsonian patients and offer both clinicians and researchers more accurate differential diagnoses than history and exam alone. The optimal technique is one that provides high discriminatory power between atypical parkinsonian syndromes (e.g. multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, diffuse Lewy body disease) in individual patients presenting with early symptoms, ideally without requiring significant technical expertise. Such techniques are invaluable to researchers, and eventually clinicians, as new treatments are developed, tested, and ultimately made available for patients with atypical parkinsonian syndromes.Less
Recent advances in imaging technology provide new means of assessing atypical parkinsonian patients and offer both clinicians and researchers more accurate differential diagnoses than history and exam alone. The optimal technique is one that provides high discriminatory power between atypical parkinsonian syndromes (e.g. multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, diffuse Lewy body disease) in individual patients presenting with early symptoms, ideally without requiring significant technical expertise. Such techniques are invaluable to researchers, and eventually clinicians, as new treatments are developed, tested, and ultimately made available for patients with atypical parkinsonian syndromes.
Kathleen L. Poston
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195393484
- eISBN:
- 9780199914494
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393484.003.0126
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System, Techniques
This chapter provides an in-depth discussion of how current neuroimaging techniques can aid the clinician in the diagnosis of patients with parkinsonian symptoms. Although clinical assessment and ...
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This chapter provides an in-depth discussion of how current neuroimaging techniques can aid the clinician in the diagnosis of patients with parkinsonian symptoms. Although clinical assessment and structural imaging can rule out secondary causes, several functional imaging techniques are available to help the clinician with a critical diagnostic question—whether the symptoms are due to idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) versus an alternative parkinsonian syndrome. If the symptoms are due to an alternative non-PD syndrome, the clinician must determine which one. The chapter reviews how the presenting symptom complex and the differential diagnosis can be used to choose the most informative imaging strategy. Clinical applications of imaging for parkinsonism are discussed in terms of the predominant presenting features, such as akinetic rigidity, tremor, or cognitive dysfunction (dementia). New metabolic imaging data on the use of brain networks to classify individual subjects are also discussed.Less
This chapter provides an in-depth discussion of how current neuroimaging techniques can aid the clinician in the diagnosis of patients with parkinsonian symptoms. Although clinical assessment and structural imaging can rule out secondary causes, several functional imaging techniques are available to help the clinician with a critical diagnostic question—whether the symptoms are due to idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) versus an alternative parkinsonian syndrome. If the symptoms are due to an alternative non-PD syndrome, the clinician must determine which one. The chapter reviews how the presenting symptom complex and the differential diagnosis can be used to choose the most informative imaging strategy. Clinical applications of imaging for parkinsonism are discussed in terms of the predominant presenting features, such as akinetic rigidity, tremor, or cognitive dysfunction (dementia). New metabolic imaging data on the use of brain networks to classify individual subjects are also discussed.
Michelle S. Ballan
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- August 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190886578
- eISBN:
- 9780190943851
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190886578.003.0003
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Health and Mental Health
This chapter examines the literature on children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders in school-based settings. Reasons for the increasing prevalence rates are explored along with the ...
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This chapter examines the literature on children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders in school-based settings. Reasons for the increasing prevalence rates are explored along with the challenges of differential diagnosis. The often unrecognized and undertreated mental health conditions that accompany autism spectrum disorders are discussed. The school mental health professional’s role in assessment and intervention is addressed, with attention paid to the use of response to intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders. The targeted classroom interventions of schedules, story-based interventions, modeling, and joint attention are reviewed. Opportunities to further support students with autism spectrum disorders are identified in collaboration with parents, teachers, and the community at large.Less
This chapter examines the literature on children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders in school-based settings. Reasons for the increasing prevalence rates are explored along with the challenges of differential diagnosis. The often unrecognized and undertreated mental health conditions that accompany autism spectrum disorders are discussed. The school mental health professional’s role in assessment and intervention is addressed, with attention paid to the use of response to intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders. The targeted classroom interventions of schedules, story-based interventions, modeling, and joint attention are reviewed. Opportunities to further support students with autism spectrum disorders are identified in collaboration with parents, teachers, and the community at large.
Daniela Berg
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195393484
- eISBN:
- 9780199914494
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393484.003.0036
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System, Techniques
Transcranial sonography (TCS) has recently been introduced as an ancillary tool for the diagnostic workup of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) and related disorders. This approach has found ...
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Transcranial sonography (TCS) has recently been introduced as an ancillary tool for the diagnostic workup of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) and related disorders. This approach has found particular use in individuals with early/mild disease manifestations in whom the clinical diagnosis in uncertain. Current research focuses on elucidating the pathophysiological basis of ultrasound changes, and improving the diagnostic accuracy of this versatile and promising imaging tool. The Chapter provides essential information concerning TCS methodology and its limitations, as well as the use of this approach in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic PD, atypical parkinsonian syndromes, and related disorders such as vascular parkinsonism and essential tremor.Less
Transcranial sonography (TCS) has recently been introduced as an ancillary tool for the diagnostic workup of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) and related disorders. This approach has found particular use in individuals with early/mild disease manifestations in whom the clinical diagnosis in uncertain. Current research focuses on elucidating the pathophysiological basis of ultrasound changes, and improving the diagnostic accuracy of this versatile and promising imaging tool. The Chapter provides essential information concerning TCS methodology and its limitations, as well as the use of this approach in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic PD, atypical parkinsonian syndromes, and related disorders such as vascular parkinsonism and essential tremor.
David Eidelberg
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195393484
- eISBN:
- 9780199914494
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393484.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System, Techniques
This volume provides up-to-date information concerning new applications of brain imaging to the study of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The chapters, written by experts in this field, focus on the various ...
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This volume provides up-to-date information concerning new applications of brain imaging to the study of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The chapters, written by experts in this field, focus on the various imaging methodologies that have recently been used to study the natural history of the disease with emphasis on each of the distinctive clinical features that characterize the disorder (e.g., bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor and gait disturbance). Individual chapters also address the role of imaging in differential diagnosis, and in the evaluation of cognitive dysfunction/dementia in parkinsonian patients. Considerable emphasis is placed on potential applications of neuroimaging in clinical trials to assess new pharmacologic and surgical treatment strategies for PD, including deep brain stimulation (DBS), cell transplantation, and gene therapy. In-depth discussion is provided on advanced imaging applications, including rest-state and activation fMRI, volumetric MR, PET assessment of dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission, and echosonography. Additional topics cover recent developments in the use of brain imaging to assess disease mechanisms including neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, and disordered brain network organization in PD.Less
This volume provides up-to-date information concerning new applications of brain imaging to the study of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The chapters, written by experts in this field, focus on the various imaging methodologies that have recently been used to study the natural history of the disease with emphasis on each of the distinctive clinical features that characterize the disorder (e.g., bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor and gait disturbance). Individual chapters also address the role of imaging in differential diagnosis, and in the evaluation of cognitive dysfunction/dementia in parkinsonian patients. Considerable emphasis is placed on potential applications of neuroimaging in clinical trials to assess new pharmacologic and surgical treatment strategies for PD, including deep brain stimulation (DBS), cell transplantation, and gene therapy. In-depth discussion is provided on advanced imaging applications, including rest-state and activation fMRI, volumetric MR, PET assessment of dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission, and echosonography. Additional topics cover recent developments in the use of brain imaging to assess disease mechanisms including neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, and disordered brain network organization in PD.
Deborah Tuerkheimer
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199913633
- eISBN:
- 9780199361830
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199913633.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology, Medical Law
Like everyone else, physicians take shortcuts when processing complex information. Unfortunately, mistakes in diagnosis often result. This chapter applies what we know about cognitive errors to ...
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Like everyone else, physicians take shortcuts when processing complex information. Unfortunately, mistakes in diagnosis often result. This chapter applies what we know about cognitive errors to better understand the likelihood that a baby who presents with one or more triad symptoms will be diagnosed with SBS. In a typical clinical setting, cognitive biases that tend to lead to errors readily present themselves. These biases raise real questions about the rigor of “differential diagnosis,” the methodology that purports to rule out causes of the triad other than shaking. Overall, sustained examination of causation evidence, the rule in civil cases, has not penetrated criminal court, where judges are faced seemingly unawares with comparable admissibility decisions yet reflexively admit the proffered expert testimony. A look at SBS cases where missed diagnoses ultimately were identified shows that we cannot rely on our adversary system of justice to forestall the conviction of innocents.Less
Like everyone else, physicians take shortcuts when processing complex information. Unfortunately, mistakes in diagnosis often result. This chapter applies what we know about cognitive errors to better understand the likelihood that a baby who presents with one or more triad symptoms will be diagnosed with SBS. In a typical clinical setting, cognitive biases that tend to lead to errors readily present themselves. These biases raise real questions about the rigor of “differential diagnosis,” the methodology that purports to rule out causes of the triad other than shaking. Overall, sustained examination of causation evidence, the rule in civil cases, has not penetrated criminal court, where judges are faced seemingly unawares with comparable admissibility decisions yet reflexively admit the proffered expert testimony. A look at SBS cases where missed diagnoses ultimately were identified shows that we cannot rely on our adversary system of justice to forestall the conviction of innocents.
Peter Garrard
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198569275
- eISBN:
- 9780191724213
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198569275.003.0011
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Techniques
The neurodegenerative dementias incorporate a range of pathological processes, many of which show distinctive clinical signatures. Although neurodegenerative processes are irreversible and difficult ...
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The neurodegenerative dementias incorporate a range of pathological processes, many of which show distinctive clinical signatures. Although neurodegenerative processes are irreversible and difficult to modify pharmacologically, careful evaluation is an important part of the clinician's role, a major objective being to exclude alternative, potentially treatable causes of cognitive decline. The clinical categories that have emerged to classify the common causes of late-onset neurodegenerative dementia capture a range of clinically and pathologically distinct entities. Currently, however, the foremost practical consideration in the differential diagnosis of dementia is the need to identify those few cases in whom progressive cognitive dysfunction is a symptom of some more generalized (and possibly treatable) underlying condition, rather than secondary to a neurodegenerative process. This chapter, therefore, outlines a clinical approach to the cognitively impaired patient, aimed at distinguishing between these two broad groups.Less
The neurodegenerative dementias incorporate a range of pathological processes, many of which show distinctive clinical signatures. Although neurodegenerative processes are irreversible and difficult to modify pharmacologically, careful evaluation is an important part of the clinician's role, a major objective being to exclude alternative, potentially treatable causes of cognitive decline. The clinical categories that have emerged to classify the common causes of late-onset neurodegenerative dementia capture a range of clinically and pathologically distinct entities. Currently, however, the foremost practical consideration in the differential diagnosis of dementia is the need to identify those few cases in whom progressive cognitive dysfunction is a symptom of some more generalized (and possibly treatable) underlying condition, rather than secondary to a neurodegenerative process. This chapter, therefore, outlines a clinical approach to the cognitively impaired patient, aimed at distinguishing between these two broad groups.
Maria Scannapieco and Kirstin R. Painter
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- August 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190886578
- eISBN:
- 9780190943851
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190886578.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Health and Mental Health
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is marked by problems with functioning or development that are related to symptoms of a persistent pattern of inattention and/or ...
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is marked by problems with functioning or development that are related to symptoms of a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. It is the most common mental health problem in children, affecting as many as 1 in 20 children. It affects both boys and girls, but it is more predominant in boys. For males, prevalence rates are estimated to be three times that of females, 12.9% compared to 4.3%. Prevalence rates of ADHD in school-age children in the United States are estimated at 5% by the America Psychiatric Association. This chapter will focus on diagnosing and assessing ADHD from a differential diagnosis and comorbidity perspective. Evidenced-based ADHD interventions will be presented along with a discussion around the importance for school personnel to collaborate with the many other systems that impact children and youth with ADHD.Less
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is marked by problems with functioning or development that are related to symptoms of a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. It is the most common mental health problem in children, affecting as many as 1 in 20 children. It affects both boys and girls, but it is more predominant in boys. For males, prevalence rates are estimated to be three times that of females, 12.9% compared to 4.3%. Prevalence rates of ADHD in school-age children in the United States are estimated at 5% by the America Psychiatric Association. This chapter will focus on diagnosing and assessing ADHD from a differential diagnosis and comorbidity perspective. Evidenced-based ADHD interventions will be presented along with a discussion around the importance for school personnel to collaborate with the many other systems that impact children and youth with ADHD.
Chris Ahlman
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- August 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190886578
- eISBN:
- 9780190943851
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190886578.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Health and Mental Health
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) does not describe the typical symptoms noted by researchers of pediatric bipolar disorder under bipolar I or II ...
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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) does not describe the typical symptoms noted by researchers of pediatric bipolar disorder under bipolar I or II because there is a great deal of controversy over whether bipolar disorder exists in children. Researchers who have gathered data on children who experience irritability, mood swings, elevated moods, inattention, hyperactivity, defiance, compulsive behaviors, sadness, and sleep problems have called the condition either pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD; for children 3–12) or early-onset bipolar disorder (EOBD; for children 13–18). Students with PBD or EOBD have little control over their mood swings and irritability, calling for a combination of pharmacological and environmental interventions along with close monitoring of any side effects and evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions. Bipolar disorder in children is considered a progressive condition that manifests differently as the child ages, moving from more irritability, restlessness, and rapid mood swings to less frequent mood swings but longer depressive moods.Less
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) does not describe the typical symptoms noted by researchers of pediatric bipolar disorder under bipolar I or II because there is a great deal of controversy over whether bipolar disorder exists in children. Researchers who have gathered data on children who experience irritability, mood swings, elevated moods, inattention, hyperactivity, defiance, compulsive behaviors, sadness, and sleep problems have called the condition either pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD; for children 3–12) or early-onset bipolar disorder (EOBD; for children 13–18). Students with PBD or EOBD have little control over their mood swings and irritability, calling for a combination of pharmacological and environmental interventions along with close monitoring of any side effects and evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions. Bipolar disorder in children is considered a progressive condition that manifests differently as the child ages, moving from more irritability, restlessness, and rapid mood swings to less frequent mood swings but longer depressive moods.
Thomas J. Donahue-Ochoa
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190051686
- eISBN:
- 9780190051716
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190051686.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Chapter 1 argues that careful diagnosis of injustices is central to understanding what to do about them. This requires differential diagnosis: the comparative assessment of different diagnoses of ...
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Chapter 1 argues that careful diagnosis of injustices is central to understanding what to do about them. This requires differential diagnosis: the comparative assessment of different diagnoses of injustice. Yet present-day political theory treats such diagnostics as only a marginal task, even though past political theory considered it central. Chapter 1 undermines this marginalization, by tracing it to the tradition begun by John Rawls and its faulty practice of non-ideal theory. It argues that by the tradition’s own principles, non-ideal theory cannot succeed without such diagnostics. The chapter then recuperates such diagnostics by describing the leading theories of systematic injustice. These theories constitute the closest thing we have to a nosology (the classification of diseases) and pathology (the study of disease in general) of systematic injustice. If we wish to see political theory once again take seriously the differential diagnosis of injustices, then it will have to take these theories seriously.Less
Chapter 1 argues that careful diagnosis of injustices is central to understanding what to do about them. This requires differential diagnosis: the comparative assessment of different diagnoses of injustice. Yet present-day political theory treats such diagnostics as only a marginal task, even though past political theory considered it central. Chapter 1 undermines this marginalization, by tracing it to the tradition begun by John Rawls and its faulty practice of non-ideal theory. It argues that by the tradition’s own principles, non-ideal theory cannot succeed without such diagnostics. The chapter then recuperates such diagnostics by describing the leading theories of systematic injustice. These theories constitute the closest thing we have to a nosology (the classification of diseases) and pathology (the study of disease in general) of systematic injustice. If we wish to see political theory once again take seriously the differential diagnosis of injustices, then it will have to take these theories seriously.
John Y. Koo and Roger S. Lo
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198525103
- eISBN:
- 9780191730238
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198525103.003.0011
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making
This chapter discusses psychogenic pruritus, which encompasses a heterogeneous group of diagnoses and is not just a diagnosis of exclusion. Psychogenic pruritus can be classified as pruritus ...
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This chapter discusses psychogenic pruritus, which encompasses a heterogeneous group of diagnoses and is not just a diagnosis of exclusion. Psychogenic pruritus can be classified as pruritus precipitated and/or created by conscious behavioural response to underlying psychopathology and as pruritus initiated through unconscious pathological mental processing. The phenomenology and pathogenesis of psychogenic pruritus are discussed, and the authors also provide differential diagnosis for psychogenic pruritus. They furthermore consider whether psychogenic pruritus should stop during sleep or not, and study therapy and psychotropic drugs as ways to treat it.Less
This chapter discusses psychogenic pruritus, which encompasses a heterogeneous group of diagnoses and is not just a diagnosis of exclusion. Psychogenic pruritus can be classified as pruritus precipitated and/or created by conscious behavioural response to underlying psychopathology and as pruritus initiated through unconscious pathological mental processing. The phenomenology and pathogenesis of psychogenic pruritus are discussed, and the authors also provide differential diagnosis for psychogenic pruritus. They furthermore consider whether psychogenic pruritus should stop during sleep or not, and study therapy and psychotropic drugs as ways to treat it.
Biju Gopalakrishnan and A. Jon Stoessl
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195393484
- eISBN:
- 9780199914494
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393484.003.0011
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System, Techniques
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique utilized in Parkinson’s disease (PD) largely to assess the integrity of the nigrostriatal dopamine system. This chapter reviews ...
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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique utilized in Parkinson’s disease (PD) largely to assess the integrity of the nigrostriatal dopamine system. This chapter reviews the methodological aspects of dopaminergic PET imaging particularly involving specific radiotracer approaches to quantify pre- and postsynaptic function in health and disease. Also discussed are applications of dopaminergic PET for differential diagnosis, evaluation of non-motor disease manifestations, and the objective measurement of disease progression in clinical and genetic disease subtypes. The potential limitations of this imaging approach are also addressed.Less
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique utilized in Parkinson’s disease (PD) largely to assess the integrity of the nigrostriatal dopamine system. This chapter reviews the methodological aspects of dopaminergic PET imaging particularly involving specific radiotracer approaches to quantify pre- and postsynaptic function in health and disease. Also discussed are applications of dopaminergic PET for differential diagnosis, evaluation of non-motor disease manifestations, and the objective measurement of disease progression in clinical and genetic disease subtypes. The potential limitations of this imaging approach are also addressed.
James C. Raines
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- August 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190886578
- eISBN:
- 9780190943851
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190886578.003.0012
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Health and Mental Health
Elimination disorders are sometimes considered the ugly step-child in psychiatry. Nocturnal enuresis is the voiding of urine at night and is always involuntary. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ...
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Elimination disorders are sometimes considered the ugly step-child in psychiatry. Nocturnal enuresis is the voiding of urine at night and is always involuntary. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) specifically mentions antipsychotic medications as a potential cause. Encopresis is the repeated elimination of feces into inappropriate places, whether voluntary or involuntary. All children with elimination problems should see a pediatrician to rule out medical/physical causes. The prevalence of enuresis has been found to be higher in large or crowded families or in families that practice co-sleeping. A multitiered system of support approach begins with good toilet training and addresses occasional accidents. Simple behavioral treatments can usually resolve the problems. A case example illustrates a typical case.Less
Elimination disorders are sometimes considered the ugly step-child in psychiatry. Nocturnal enuresis is the voiding of urine at night and is always involuntary. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) specifically mentions antipsychotic medications as a potential cause. Encopresis is the repeated elimination of feces into inappropriate places, whether voluntary or involuntary. All children with elimination problems should see a pediatrician to rule out medical/physical causes. The prevalence of enuresis has been found to be higher in large or crowded families or in families that practice co-sleeping. A multitiered system of support approach begins with good toilet training and addresses occasional accidents. Simple behavioral treatments can usually resolve the problems. A case example illustrates a typical case.
George J. Armelagos and Dennis P. Van Gerven
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780813054452
- eISBN:
- 9780813053196
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813054452.003.0006
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
Chapter 6 presents case studies of diseases that afflict individuals rather than their communities at large. The conditions are presented in these categories: neoplastic diseases (cancers), ...
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Chapter 6 presents case studies of diseases that afflict individuals rather than their communities at large. The conditions are presented in these categories: neoplastic diseases (cancers), congenital defects, infectious diseases, and diseases of unknown etiology. A differential diagnosis is made for each disease using a combination of the skeletal and medical evidence. The diseases are then discussed in terms of their likely impact on the lives of the afflicted individual.Less
Chapter 6 presents case studies of diseases that afflict individuals rather than their communities at large. The conditions are presented in these categories: neoplastic diseases (cancers), congenital defects, infectious diseases, and diseases of unknown etiology. A differential diagnosis is made for each disease using a combination of the skeletal and medical evidence. The diseases are then discussed in terms of their likely impact on the lives of the afflicted individual.
Anthony James
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198801900
- eISBN:
- 9780191840456
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198801900.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Philosophy of Law
This chapter focuses on depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence. Depression in children and adolescents is a complex and debilitating disease, and typically has a lifelong, chronic, and ...
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This chapter focuses on depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence. Depression in children and adolescents is a complex and debilitating disease, and typically has a lifelong, chronic, and recurrent course. The peak age of onset of depression is between 13 and 15 years. After providing a clinical picture of depression, this chapter discusses early childhood depression and differential diagnosis, including paediatric bipolar disorder, psychotic depression and seasonal affective disorder, oppositional and conduct disorder, and substance misuse and medical conditions. It then examines comorbidity, paying attention to bipolar disorder and suicidal behaviour, along with the assessment and prevention of depression. It also considers some of the determinants of depression, such as stress, trauma, life events, and biological factors such as genetics, brain mechanisms, hormones, and resilience. Finally, it describes treatment options for childhood and adolescent depression.Less
This chapter focuses on depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence. Depression in children and adolescents is a complex and debilitating disease, and typically has a lifelong, chronic, and recurrent course. The peak age of onset of depression is between 13 and 15 years. After providing a clinical picture of depression, this chapter discusses early childhood depression and differential diagnosis, including paediatric bipolar disorder, psychotic depression and seasonal affective disorder, oppositional and conduct disorder, and substance misuse and medical conditions. It then examines comorbidity, paying attention to bipolar disorder and suicidal behaviour, along with the assessment and prevention of depression. It also considers some of the determinants of depression, such as stress, trauma, life events, and biological factors such as genetics, brain mechanisms, hormones, and resilience. Finally, it describes treatment options for childhood and adolescent depression.
